Dosimetric comparison of non-coplanar three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (nc3DCRT) planning and radio biologically optimized partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning of unilateral brain tumours - A retrospective study

Three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) involves imaging, precise radiation dose calculation, computer optimized treatment planning, and computer controlled treatment delivery. Treatment plans for each patient are individually designed. Using our state of the art technology, we are able to merge the treatment planning CT scan with diagnostic quality images, such as MRI and PET scans, to maximize the precision of our tumor targeting. All of our linear accelerators are equipped with computer controlled beam shaping devices called multileaf collimators. These permit fast and efficient delivery of 3DCRT and IMRT [1] plans. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dose Distribution Analysis of Axillary Lymph Nodes for Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy With a Field-in-Field Technique for Breast Cancer. AU - Ohashi, Toshio. AU - Takeda, Atsuya. AU - Shigematsu, Naoyuki. AU - Fukada, Junichi. AU - Sanuki, Naoko. AU - Amemiya, Atsushi. AU - Kubo, Atsushi. PY - 2009/1/1. Y1 - 2009/1/1. N2 - Purpose: We previously reported that most of axillary regions could be irradiated by the modified tangential irradiation technique (MTIT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with a field-in-field technique improves dosimetry for the breast and axillary nodes. Methods and Materials: Fifty patients with left-sided breast cancer were enrolled. With MTIT, we planned the radiation field to be wider in the cranial direction than the standard tangential fields to include the axillary regions. With 3D-CRT, a field-in-field technique was used to spare the heart and contralateral breast to ...

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TY - CHAP. T1 - Is One Form of Radiation Therapy Better Over Another?. AU - Valicenti, Richard K. PY - 2003/7. Y1 - 2003/7. N2 - The optimal radiotherapeutic approach to treat clinically localized prostate cancer is yet to be established. Current modern radiotherapeutic options involve either the primary use of external beam radiation therapy or the delivery of interstitial brachytherapy. The state-of-the-art techniques consist of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), or image-guided transperineal brachytherapy (IGTPB). There are several purported models used in risk appropriation for men with prostate cancer. For patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor Gleason score, and tumor stage are widely available and are useful in combination to stratify outcome. Comparison of morbidity between 3D-CRT and IGTPB has been limited because of the lack of consistent toxicity scoring ...

Lung cancer [LC] is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The standard treatment of locally advanced lung cancer unresectable or marginally resectable is combination therapy with radical or preoperative chemoradiation. The local control rates and survival with this treatment modality have increased by more than 30%. Radiotherapy [RT] with technical molded 3D [3D-CRT, Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy] or IMRT [intensity-modulated radiation therapy] has allowed that the total dose of radiation has increased which leads to a direct benefit on the results treatment.. Between 17-30% of patients are susceptible to pneumonitis due to radiation [NR]. This complication may appear at the end of the RT or up to 6 months after the treatment. In severe cases, mortality can reach 50%.. Its well known that in various diseases, functional abnormalities precede the clinical manifestations. The degree of pulmonary failure secondary to RT is measured following the standards of the Radiation ...

Patients with virally mediated head and neck cancer (VMHNC) often present with advanced nodal disease that is highly radioresponsive as demonstrated by tumour and nodal regression during treatment. The resultant changes may impact on the planned dose distribution and so adversely affect the therapeutic ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced anatomical changes in VMHNC patients who had undergone a replan. Thirteen patients with virally mediated oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancer who presented for definitive radiotherapy between 2005 and 2010 and who had a replan generated were investigated. The dosimetric effect of anatomical changes was quantified by comparing dose-volume histograms (DVH) of primary and nodal gross target volumes and organs at risk (OAR), including spinal cord and parotid glands, from the original plan and a comparison plan. Eleven three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and two intensity modulated radiation ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Target dose conformity in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy. AU - Wu, Wing Cheung Vincent. AU - Kwong, Dora L.W.. AU - Sham, Jonathan S.T.. PY - 2004/5/1. Y1 - 2004/5/1. N2 - Background and purpose Dose conformity to the planning target volume is an important criterion in radiotherapy treatment planning, for which the conformity index is a useful assessment tool. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in CI for the treatment planning of four cancers including the nasopharynx, oesophagus, lung and prostate. Patients and methods Seventy patients with cancers of nasopharynx (30), oesophagus (15), lung (15) and prostate (10) were recruited. Each of these patients was planned with three sets of treatment plans using the FOCUS treatment planning system: the forward and inverse 3DCRT plans and the IMRT plan. The CI was generated for each treatment plan. The mean CI from each cancer patient group was calculated and compared with ...

3D CRT: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy? AAAAA: Aphasia, agnosia, apraxia, agraphia, and alex? ABVD: Adriamycin, bleomycin

http://www.DiabloValleyOncology.md We provide comprehensive and high quality oncology, hematology and urologic care by utilizing the latest technology, therapies, techniques and clinical trials. Our Services: -Medical Oncology (Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Hormonal Therapy, Experimental Therapy) -Radiation Oncology (Image-guided radiation therapy, Intensity modulated radiation therapy, Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, Stereotactic radiosurgery, Electronic Brachytherapy, Calypso-GPS system) -Hematology (Blood cancer and blood disorder care) -Urology (kidney stones, impotence, female and male incontinence, prostate challenges, vasectomy and reversals, specialized surgeries and infertility treatment) -Clinical Trials and Research -MRI/PET/CT Diagnostic Imaging -Laboratory Services -Pharmacy Services -Chemo and Nutrition Counseling -Infusion Services -Oncology Rehabilitation -Patient Supportive Services. ...

There is no known effective treatment for cats and dogs with nodular and diffuse liver tumors as liver tumors are generally considered resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy has been reported with objective responses in five of six dogs and minimal acute radiation effects; and the use of adjuvant gemcitabine in dogs with incompletely excised massive HCC, nodular HCC, and diffuse HCC has been reported in 18 dogs with good results.. Palliative treatment options, especially for nodular and diffuse hepatic tumors, include, microwave ablation, embolization, and chemoembolization, but these modalities are not widely available.. PROGNOSIS. The prognosis following surgical resection of massive HCC in dogs and bile duct adenomas in cats is very good. The majority of cats and dogs are cured. In one study of 42 dogs with massive HCC treated with liver lobectomy, two dogs (5%) died intraoperatively secondary to blood loss as a result of ...

Objective: To determine the possible therapeutic gain of using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) as a treatment option for portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the tolerance and toxicity of using such treatment. Materials and methods: Sixty two patients were enrolled in this prospective study between June 2013 and August 2015. The clinical target volume (CTV) was the PVTT and the prescribed dose was 50 Gy/25 fractions. The median follow-up time was 7.4 months. Results: The thrombus crude response rate was 40.4% and the only significant prognostic factor for response was the thrombus size. Responders had significant better survival compared to non-responders with a median survival of 12.5 and 8 months respectively (P | 0.0001). The radiation toxicity profile was satisfactory. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that radiotherapy should be considered as a safe treatment option for HCC patients with PVTT. It is

Historically, the role of RT in HCC had been always limited for the risk of RILD. There have been efforts to identify the risk factors and the predicting parameters in the literatures that indicate increased risk of RILD after RT. In the study of Kim et al., V30 was demonstrated as a significant parameter in patients treated with conventional fractionated RT [19]. According to Liang et al., V20 was a significant parameter in patients treated with conformal radiotherapy therapy [20]. In our study, there was significantly higher V30 of liver for 3DCRT compared with RA (p = 0.013) or IMRT (p = 0.002). For V20, the values of 3DCRT was also higher than RA (p = 0.012). For V40 in present study, the value was higher for 3DCRT when compared with the other two plans but no significant difference was observed. Therefore, these may indicate that RA was superior to 3DCRT or IMRT at the risk of RILD in consideration of lower V20 and V30.. For the issue of higher low-dose region, a meta-analysis [21] showed ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Variation in the Definition of Clinical Target Volumes for Pelvic Nodal Conformal Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. AU - Lawton, Colleen A F. AU - Michalski, Jeff. AU - El-Naqa, Issam. AU - Kuban, Deborah. AU - Lee, W. Robert. AU - Rosenthal, Seth A.. AU - Zietman, Anthony. AU - Sandler, Howard. AU - Shipley, William. AU - Ritter, Mark. AU - Valicenti, Richard K. AU - Catton, Charles. AU - Roach, Mack. AU - Pisansky, Thomas M.. AU - Seider, Michael. PY - 2009/6/1. Y1 - 2009/6/1. N2 - Purpose: We conducted a comparative study of clinical target volume (CTV) definition of pelvic lymph nodes by multiple genitourinary (GU) radiation oncologists looking at the levels of discrepancies amongst this group. Methods and Materials: Pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans from 2 men were distributed to 14 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group GU radiation oncologists with instructions to define CTVs for the iliac and presacral lymph nodes. The CT data with contours were then returned for ...

OncoLink, the Webs first cancer resource,provides comprehensive information on coping with cancer, cancer treatments, cancer research advances, continuing medical education, cancer prevention, and clinical trials

Cancer gives no typical warning signs or symptoms. Prostate cancer usually grows slowly. Patients may experience some urinary frequency, hesitancy or urgency. These are oftentimes associated with an enlarged prostate which may be benign and not typical of cancerous growth.

RATIONALE: Imaging procedures, such as PET scans, may determine the extent of cancer and help doctors plan radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Giving radiation therapy that uses a 3-dimensional image of the tumor to help focus thin beams of radiation directly on the tumor, and giving radiation therapy in higher doses over a shorter period of time, may kill more tumor cells and have fewer side effects. Specialized radiation therapy that delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor may kill more tumor cells and cause less damage to normal tissue.. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying PET scans to see how well they work in patients with head and neck cancer who are undergoing 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. ...

We demonstrate in a retrospective analysis of patients with MPM and treated at our institution with trimodality therapy that the use of postoperative highly conformal radiation techniques (HCRT) reduces local recurrence in comparison to 3DCRT. A recurrence analysis showed that in the case of 3DCRT 4 of 25 patients (16%) had a local recurrence in regions that were clearly underdosed according to current radiation protocols (doses ≥ 45 Gy are recommended, e.g. SAKK 17/04) in contrast to 0% of patients treated with HCRT. This supports the hypothesis that HCRT should improve local control in comparison to 3DCRT by improving target volume coverage. In our study patients treated with HCRT showed a tendency for improved progression free survival and local relapse free survival but did not benefit in terms of overall survival due to the high rates of distant relapses.. Local control is important in patients with MPM for symptom control, but also because some patients might benefit in terms of improved ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Potential for radiation therapy technology innovations to permit dose escalation for non-small-cell lung cancer. AU - Mañon, Rafael R.. AU - Jaradat, Hazim. AU - Patel, Rakesh. AU - Zhang, Tiezhi. AU - Fenwick, John. AU - Tomé, Wolfgang. AU - Fowler, Jack. AU - Paliwal, Bhudatt. AU - Soisson, Emilie. AU - Yuan, Zhilong. AU - Mehta, Minesh. PY - 2005/9. Y1 - 2005/9. N2 - Background: Innovations in radiation therapy (RT) technology could have the potential to allow for radiation dose escalation by evaluating tumor motion, minimizing and compensating for motion, and evaluating delivery technologies such as 3-dimensonal (3D) conformal radiation therapy (CRT) and intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) using tomotherapy. Materials and methods: Ninety different RT plans were generated using 3 different treatment techniques for 10 patients. These were evaluated using dosimetric tools such as dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis, tumor equivalent uniform dose (EUD), and dosimetric parameters ...

Purpose: Investigations have shown that a Cobalt-60 (Co-60) radioactive source has the potential to play a role in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). In this paper, Co-60 tomotherapys conformal dose delivery potential is evaluated by delivering conformal dose plans on a cylindrical homogeneous phantom containing clinical structures similar to those found in a typical head and neck (H and N) cancer. Also, the clinical potential of Co-60 tomotherapy is investigated by generating 2D clinical treatment plans for H and N and prostate anatomical regions. These plans are compared with the 6 MV based treatment plans for modalities such as linear accelerator-based tomotherapy and broad beam IMRT, and 15 MV based 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT).Methods: For experimental validation studies, clinical and nonclinical conformal dose patterns were delivered on circular, homogeneous phantoms containing GafChromic film. For clinical planning study, dose calculations were performed with the ...

The planning of radiotherapy treatment has been revolutionized by the ability to delineate tumors and adjacent normal structures in three dimensions using specialized CT and/or MRI scanners and planning software.[3] Virtual simulation, the most basic form of planning, allows more accurate placement of radiation beams than is possible using conventional X-rays, where soft-tissue structures are often difficult to assess and normal tissues difficult to protect. An enhancement of virtual simulation is 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT), in which the profile of each radiation beam is shaped to fit the profile of the target from a beams eye view (BEV) using a multileaf collimator (MLC) and a variable number of beams. When the treatment volume conforms to the shape of the tumour, the relative toxicity of radiation to the surrounding normal tissues is reduced, allowing a higher dose of radiation to be delivered to the tumor than conventional techniques would allow. Intensity-Modulated ...

When youre facing something as serious as cancer, you want quality people and advanced technology fighting for you. Fortunately, both are available at Tennova Cancer Centers.. We offer a full spectrum of services for cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis and recovery at several locations across the region. That means adolescents to adults can have all of their cancer care needs met close to home, in the hands of people they know and trust.. Our treatment approach includes advanced imaging and treatment options, and our treatment tools include valuable education, counseling and support. We strive to make the healthcare experience of our patients and their families as positive as possible - from discovery to recovery.. We provide innovative treatment options tailored to meet each patients individual needs, including stereotactic body radiosurgery, 3-D conformal radiation therapy, robotic-assisted surgery and brachytherapy. Physicians plan treatment by consulting with surgeons and chemotherapy ...

Radiotherapy is one of the treatment options for locally advanced prostate cancer; however, with standard radiation doses, it is not always very effective. One of the strategies to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy is increasing the dose. In this study, to increase tumor local control rates, a new radiotherapy method, known as dose painting (DP), was investigated. To compare 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans with DP for prostate cancer. Twenty-four consecutive patients with locally advanced prostate cancer who underwent an multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) (T2w, diffusion weighted image, dynamic contrast enhancement, and MRS) scan before a diagnostic biopsy from September 2015 to April 2016 were invited to take part in this study ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Postoperative External Beam Radiotherapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. T2 - Outcomes and Morbidity With Conformal Treatment. AU - Schwartz, David L.. AU - Lobo, Mark J.. AU - Ang, K. Kian. AU - Morrison, William H.. AU - Rosenthal, David I.. AU - Ahamad, Anesa. AU - Evans, Douglas B.. AU - Clayman, Gary. AU - Sherman, Steven I.. AU - Garden, Adam S.. PY - 2009/7/15. Y1 - 2009/7/15. N2 - Purpose: To review institutional outcomes for patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer with postoperative conformal external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Methods and Materials: This is a single-institution retrospective review of 131 consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent EBRT between January 1996 and December 2005. Histologic diagnoses included 104 papillary, 21 follicular, and six mixed papillary-follicular types. American Joint Committee on Cancer stage distribution was Stage III in 2 patients, Stage IVa-IVc in 128, and not assessable in 1. Thirty-four ...

Radiation therapy is the use of ionizing radiation for treatment of diseases and the specialized field of using ionizing radiation for the treatment of cancers is known as Radiation Oncology Approximately. 2/3rd of all cancer patients require radiation therapy as the sole treatment modality or in combination with surgery or anticancer drugs (Chemotherapy). Radiotherapy plays a very important role in curing early stage cancer and in relieving symptoms and possibly prolonging life for patients with advanced cancers. Our efforts in the department will be to offer optimal radiotherapy and comprehensive patient care. Optimal & efficient delivery of treatment not only requires the appropriate infrastructure but also well trained and motivated personnel. The will facilities offer modern sophisticated, state-of-the-art treatments like 3-D conformal radiotherapy (3-D CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy & radiosurgery (IMRT & IMRS), Stereotactic radiotherapy/ radiosurgery, Image Guided Radiation ...

Distal oesophageal and Type I-II oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinomas have a poor prognosis. In radical chemoradiotherapy, consensus is lacking on radiotherapy margins. Here, we review the effect of common imaging modalities on the extent of the gross tumour volume (GTV) and the evidence for margins. To do this, papers were identified from PubMed, and geometric uncertainties were combined using the British Institute of Radiology formula. CT and endoscopic ultrasound were best for GTV delineation, but the role of positron emission tomography is uncertain. Evidence suggests 3 cm proximal and 5 cm distal GTV-CTV (clinical target volume) margins (along the mucosa) for advanced tumours, but is lacking for early tumours and radial margins. Nodal spread, present in most pT2 tumours, is strongly prognostic and is initially to regional nodes (not wholly covered by typical radiotherapy). Calculated CTV-PTV (planning target volume) margins for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy using ...

3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combines multiple radiation treatment fields to deliver precise doses of radiation to the brain. Tailoring each of the radiation beams to the patients tumor allows coverage of the brain tumor while keeping radiation away from nearby organs, such as the eyes ...

General radiation oncology with expertise in stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy, image-guided radiotherapy, and intensity modulated and 3D conformal radiotherapy.. Education ...

Analysis of survival in radical and postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer Francesco Tramacere, Emilio Antonio Luca Gianicolo, Antonietta Pignatelli, Maurizio Portaluri Summary Purpose: To analyze survival and complications in high dose 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) patients treated with curative and post-operative intent and compare radical surgery + radiotherapy (RT) patients vs. RT only patients. Material and method: 103 patients were treated curatively (RAD), 94 postoperatively (POST-OP). The mean age was higher in RAD group (72.6 years, range 56.4-85.1) than in POST-OP group (65.4 years, 43.9-77) (p , 0.0001). According to NCCN prognostic classification 13 (12%) patients was low risk, 48 (47%) intermediate risk and 42 (41%) high risk in RAD group. In POST-OP group 13 (14%) patients were low risk, 37 (40%) intermediate risk and 44 (46%) high risk. Hormone Therapy (HT) was administered in 98 patients (95%) in RAD and in 45 patients (47.8%) in POST-OP. Patients were treated with a ...

The purpose of this study was to develop a straightforward method of supplementing patient anatomy and estimating out-of-field absorbed dose for a cohort of pediatric radiotherapy patients with limited recorded anatomy. A cohort of nine children, aged 2 to 14 years, who received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for low grade localized brain tumors (LBTs), were randomly selected for this study. The extents of these patients computed tomography simulation image sets were cranial only. To approximate their missing anatomy, we supplemented the LBT patients image sets with computed tomography images of patients in a previous study with larger extents of matched sex, height, and mass and for whom contours of organs at risk for radiogenic cancer had already been delineated ...

Design and implementation of a system for treating paediatric patients with stereotactically-guided conformal radiotherapy. Background and purpose: Stereotactically-guided conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) allows the delivery of highly conformal dose distributions to localised brain tumours. This is of particular importance for children, whose often excellent long- term prognosis should be accompanied by low toxicity. The commercial immobilisation system in use at our hospital for adults was felt to be too heavy for children, and precluded the use of anaesthesia, which is sometimes required for paediatric patients. This paper therefore describes the design and implementation of a system for treating children with SCRT. This system needed to be well tolerated by patients, with good access for treating typical childhood malignancies. Materials and methods: A lightweight frame was developed for immobilisation, with a shell-based alternative for patients requiring general anaesthetic. Procedures were ...

The phase 3, open-label, international, randomized controlled trial yielding these results involved 422 men who had been assigned to escalated-dose conformal radiotherapy and 421 men who had been assigned to control-dose conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of histologically confirmed localized PCa with PSA levels below 50 ng/mL. The men in the escalated-dose group received 74 Gy in 37 fractions, whereas the control group members received 64 Gy in 32 fractions-the standard dose at the time the study was designed ...

Newer types of 3-dimensional (3-D) technology are intensity modulated treatment (IMRT) and conformal radiation therapy. The beams surround all sides of the tumor. More intense radiation is focused on the tumor. It also lowers the damage to healthy tissue around it. There are less side effects. The 3-D types may not be in all areas.. External beam radiation only takes a few minutes. The total time can range from 5 to 8 weeks. This will depend on the total dose that is needed. Most of the time, it is given 5 days a week. For some, a faster, more intense type may work better. This method is used less days a week and for a shorter amount of time. ...

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) uses an advanced planning technique that creates complex dose distributions that can deliver a radical dose of radiation to the prostate gland and treat the pelvic nodes at risk, while reducing the irradiated volume of small bowel and rectum [31]. In addition, IMRT can be used to deliver dose to the primary prostate volume while simultaneously treating the regional lymph nodes at risk to a lower dose in a single phase. This strategy, called an SIB technique has many clinical, dosimetric, and economic advantages and has been incorporated into several different anatomic sites [32-39]. Integrating the whole pelvis and prostate boost into the plan optimization from the outset may, in theory, improve the likelihood that the resulting solution will be able to meet the constraints for safe prostate dose escalation in the setting of whole pelvis treatment. By using a SIB scheme, the prostate gland can be irradiated with a radical hypofractionated dose ...

Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Jian-Kuen Wu, Chao-Ming Huang, Hua-Shan Liu, David Y. Huang, Skye Hongium Cheng, Stella Y. Tsai, James Jer-Min, Yu-Mong Lin, Tsun-I Cheng, Cheng-Fang Horng, Andew T. Huang. Radiation-induced liver disease after three-dimentional conformal radiotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: dosimetric analysis and implication. Int J Radiation Biol Phys 2002; 54:156-162. (SCI ...

Outcomes for pediatric patients as young as 12 months old with ependymoma who are treated with immediate postoperative radiation therapy are favorable and consistent, based upon tumor surgical resection and tumor grade, according to research presented by Merchant et al (Abstract 1) on October 18, 2015, at the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 57th Annual Meeting. The Childrens Oncology Group ACNS0121 trial was a prospective study for childhood ependymoma-a rare brain and spinal cord tumor. This was the largest prospective trial for childhood ependymoma ever conducted and the first cooperative group trial for ependymoma to target the postoperative tumor bed and to use three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.. In addition, this study is significant in that it was the first to systematically use immediate postoperative radiation therapy in children under the age of 3 with this type of brain tumor. Many children diagnosed with ependymoma ...

As IMRT has been widely used in many cancer sites to reduce normal tissue toxicities, IMRT has been attempted for rectal cancer. Some authors have reported that the incidence of Grade 2 or higher GI toxicity was significantly reduced with IMRT vs. 3D-CRT (30%-32% vs. 61%-62%) [23,24]. Parekh et al. [24] noted that Grade 2 or higher diarrhea reduced with IMRT vs. 3D-CRT (10% vs. 43%; p = 0.014) in PCRT for rectal cancer. However, a prospective multi-institutional single arm study of PCRT for rectal cancer concluded that IMRT could not reduce GI toxicity, with a result of Grade 2 or higher GI toxicity in 51.5% of the patients [25]. In the current study, there was no difference in Grade 2 GI toxicity between the SIB-IMRT and 3D-CRT groups (13% vs. 10%). There are several possible reasons for this. Even though V45 of the small bowel was significantly smaller in the SIB-IMRT group, V15 of the small bowel was not different between the two groups, which was reported to be a strong factor for acute ...

Potential role of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of tumors of the maxillary sinus. Purpose: To assess 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D- CRT) and intensity-modulated. radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques to see whether doses to critical structures could be reduced while maintaining planning target volume (PTV) coverage in patients receiving conventional radiotherapy (RT) for carcinoma of the maxillary sinus because of the risk of radiation-induced complications, particularly visual loss. Methods and Materials: Six patients who had recently received conventional RT for carcinoma of the maxillary sinus were studied. Conventional RT, 3D-CRT, and step-and-shoot IMRT plans were prepared using the same 2-field arrangement. The effect of reducing the number of segments in the IMRT beams was investigated. Results: 3D-CRT and IMRT reduced the brain and ipsilateral parotid gland doses compared with the conventional plans. IMRT reduced doses to both optic nerves; for the contralateral ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Intra- and inter-observer variability in contouring prostate and seminal vesicles. T2 - Implications for conformal treatment planning. AU - Fiorino, Claudio. AU - Reni, Michele. AU - Bolognesi, Angelo. AU - Cattaneo, Giovanni Mauro. AU - Calandrino, Riccardo. PY - 1998/6. Y1 - 1998/6. N2 - Background and purpose: Accurate contouring of the clinical target volume (CTV) is a fundamental prerequisite for successful conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate intra- and inter-observer variability in contouring prostate (P) and seminal vesicles (SV) and its impact on conformal treatment planning in our working conditions. Materials and methods: Inter-observer variability was investigated by asking five well-trained radiotherapists of contouring on CT images the P and the SV of six supine-positioned patients previously treated with conformal techniques. Short-term intra-observer variability was assessed by asking the radiotherapists to ...

Helical TomoTherapy, which enabled simultaneous IMRT and IGRT, has achieved encouraging clinical outcomes in terms of tumor response, survival, and toxicity in head and neck and prostate cancer [9],[10]. However, it is not easy to apply continuously-rotating TomoTherapy to breast cancer patients, since it is accompanied by low-dose irradiation on both lungs and can result in radiation pneumonitis [11].. TomoDirect, which uses static gantry positions, combined with simultaneous couch translation and multi-leaf collimator modulation makes it possible to irradiate the whole breast without low-dose radiation to lungs in breast cancer patients. The static gantry angles of TomoDirect are identical to the tangential beam angles of conventional linear accelerator. The difference between TomoDirect and conventional 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) is that the patient is stationary during breast irradiation using the conventional linear accelerator and the patient slides through the ...

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) delivers radiation from outside the body with a machine called a linear accelerator. External Beam Radiation Therapy can be used as the only modality of treatment or in combination with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or hormonal therapy, and can also be used prior to or following surgery, depending on the diagnosis and stage of disease. Although there can be side effects that develop gradually, the treatment itself is painless and relatively rapid.

Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have reported the linear radiation dose response of the γ-H2AX assay (9-13,19-22). Clinical studies have demonstrated that the stochastic γ-H2AX foci values after external radiation exposure depend on the dose, exposed area of the body, duration or fractionation of the exposure, and time of analysis. In cancer patients treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for a variety of tumor types, a linear correlation was established between the integrated total-body radiation dose and γ-H2AX foci per lymphocyte (13), making it possible to estimate the applied integral body dose. Moreover, the γ-H2AX-based measurements in exposed PBLs were in concordance with the physical dosimetry of IMRT and the 3-dimensional treatment modalities of prostate cancer (23). Therefore, the assay demonstrates the characteristics of a reliable biodosimeter for external-beam radiotherapy (7).. To our knowledge, this study represents the first exploration of the γ‐H2AX ...

The impact of cumulative dose of cisplatin on clinical outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was evaluated. This study included 491 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed NPC who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with IMRT. The patients were divided into three groups: low- (cumulative dose ≤100 mg/m2), medium- (cumulative dose |100 mg/m2 and ≤200 mg/m2), and high- (cumulative dose |200 mg/m2) dose groups. Subgroups of patients included pre-treatment levels of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA (EBV DNA) |4000 copies/ml and pre-treatment EBV DNA ≥4000 copies/ml. To test for independent significance, the Kaplan-Meier with the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model were used. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were 64.1 %, 91.1 %, and 89.4 %, respectively (P = 0.002). Based on multivariate analysis, patients who were in the medium- and high-dose groups had

External beam radiation therapy is usually delivered in relatively small daily doses over the course of several weeks. The empiric development of such multifractionated treatments, which involve giving fractions of approximately 1.8 to 3 Gy daily for 5 to 8 weeks, is an example of exploiting biological factors to improve the therapeutic ratio. More recently, technical improvements in the physical aspects of radiation therapy have allowed an increase in the effective dose of radiation to deep-seated tumors without increasing the dose to normal tissues. Further improvements are occurring with the use of more sophisticated treatment planning methods, allowing for 3-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and stereotactic treatments (Fig. 16-1). These new methods limit the volume of normal tissues irradiated to high doses and allow escalated doses to the tumor. Stereotactic body/brain radiation therapy (SBRT) uses a specially designed ...

pancreatic cancer, unavailability of regular screening modalities for this malignancy, many patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma present late in the course of the disease, often with locally advanced or metastatic disease

Will I be radioactive? You will NOT be radioactive during or after external beam radiation therapy treatment. You can safely mix with other people, including children and pregnant women, at any time during and after your treatment.. Will I lose my hair? You may lose some hair on your head or body if it is in the area of treatment. This usually occurs 2-3 weeks into your treatment. In most patients this is temporary, but for some this may be permanent.. Will treatment affect my sex life?. While it is still safe for you to have sexual intercourse during your radiation therapy, the desire to have sex may decrease because you may become tired, anxious or unwell. It may help to discuss your worries with your partner and/or your radiation oncologist or nurse. A referral to a sexual counsellor may also assist.. What can you do if intercourse is painful?. Many women find they are in too much discomfort to have sex until the tissues in your vagina have healed. This may take 4-6 weeks after your radiation ...

Multileaf collimators are offered as an accessory to many accelerators for conformal radiotherapy and the dose planning systems are capable of calculating multileaf collimated beams. There is further a frequent desire to verify the radiation fields on a radiotherapy simulator prior to the actual treatment. For this purpose,an accessory to the simulator was developed (the multileaf delineator). With this unit the front end of the individual leaves are indicated both on the skin of the patient and in the x-ray image. All anatomical structures both outside and inside the field edge are, however, still fully visible.. ...

This trial investigated the safety of 5-fluorouracil, bevacizumab and erlotinib when administered in combination with external beam radiation therapy(Phase I

PURPOSE: To investigate whether delivering an increased radiation dose to the tumor-bearing region of the bladder alone would improve local disease control without increasing treatment toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 149 patients with unifocal T2-T3N0M0 bladder carcinoma were randomized between whole bladder conformal radiotherapy (WBRT, 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions, n = 60) and partial bladder conformal RT (PBRT) to tumor alone with 1.5-cm margins within either 4 weeks (PBRT4, 57.5 Gy in 20 fractions, n = 44) or 3 weeks (PBRT3, 55 Gy in 16 fractions, n = 45). The response was assessed cystoscopically after 4 months. RESULTS: The 5-year overall and CFS rate was 58% and 47%, respectively, for the whole population. The CR rate was 75% for WBRT, 80% for PBRT4, and 71% for PBRT3 (p = 0.6), with a 5-year local control rate of 58%, 59%, and 34%, respectively (p = 0.18). Solitary new tumors arose within the bladder, outside the irradiated volume, in 6 (7%) of 89 patients who underwent PBRT. The ...

Todar, D., Becker, S.J., Orton, C. Brachytherapy is better than external beam therapy for partial breast irradiation, Point/Counterpoint, Med. Phys. 40,(2013). Becker S.J., Culberson, W., Flynn, R.T. Collision indicator charts for gantry-couch position combinations for Siemens Oncor and Elekta Infinity linacs, J App Clin Med Phys, 14(5), 278-83, 2013. Becker, S.J., Elliston, C., DeWyngaert, J.K., Jozsef, G., Brenner, D., and Formenti, S., Breast radiotherapy in the prone position primarily reduces the maximum out-of-field measured dose to the ipsilateral lung, Med. Phys. 39, 2417-23, 2012; *Editors Pick Award*. Hardee M.E., Raza S., Becker S.J., Jozsef G., Lymberis S.C., Hochman T., Goldberg J.D., DeWyngaert K.J., Formenti S.C. Prone Hypofractionated Whole-Breast Radiotherapy Without a Boost to the Tumor Bed: Comparable Toxicity of IMRT Versus a 3D Conformal Technique, Int J of Radiat Onc Bio Phys, Mar 1;82(3):415-23, 2012. Jozsef, G., DeWyngaert, J.K., Becker, S.J., Lymberis, S, and ...

Dose-Escalated Photon IMRT or Proton Beam Radiation Therapy versus Standard-Dose Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide in Treating Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma - NCT02179086

The goal of conformal radiation therapy is to deliver a curative radiation dose to the tumor while sparing nearby healthy tissue. In intensity modulated proton...

The present invention relates to a device and method for monitoring and verification of the quality of a radiation treatment beam in conformal radiation therapy, and in particular for IMPT (Intensity Modulated Particle Therapy) applications. The device comprises a 2D electronic detector measuring 2D responses to the delivered treatment beam. These 2D responses are compared with predicted 2D responses and differences in responses are signalled. Based on the measured 2D responses the effectively delivered 3D dose distribution in the target can be reconstructed.

External beam radiotherapy is one of the curative treatment options for localised prostate cancer. This article will describe recent advances in prostate radiotherapy, focussing on the results of randomised trials which have addressed the role of radiation dose escalation and of adjuvant hormone the …

Decisions about treatment for head and neck cancer are largely dependent on the site, stage, and histological characteristics of the disease. Treatment may include surgery, RT, chemotherapy, or some combination of these. RT is offered to nearly 75 percent of patients with head and neck cancer with curative or palliative intent, often with long-term side effects.. RT techniques have evolved over the past 30 years; two-dimensional images have been replaced with three-dimensional (3D) images with the intended purpose of improving effectiveness while reducing toxicity to normal tissues and adjacent vulnerable organs. Photon-based conformal external-beam RT modalities used to treat head and neck cancer include 3D conformal RT (3DCRT), intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), and stereotactic body RT (SBRT). Charged particle-based conformal external-beam RT modalities, such as proton-beam RT (PBT), are also available to treat head and neck cancer, although they are not widely available in the United ...

Initial Results of a Phase 3 Randomized Study of High Dose 3DCRT/IMRT versus Standard Dose 3D-CRT/IMRT in Patients Treated for Localized Prostate Cancer (RTOG 0126) Conference Paper ...

LYMAN genealogy, discover the coat of arms, family crest, family history, ancestry, the surname meaning and the name origin for the LYMAN Tribe

Hi, I have just finished an intense course of radiation therapy for left breast cancer. This included the supraclavicular field too. I now have been diagnosed with a radiation pneumonitis/pneumonia a...

Radiation pneumonitis is a common complication of cancer treatment. Learn why it happens, its symptoms, and how it can be treated.

Am J Ophthalmol 113(1) 33в35. (2005) reported visual deteriora- tion in one Nazional of seven patients with stereotactically guided 3D conformal RT for ONSM.

Sweeder, R. D. and Strong, P. E. (2012). Preparing Students for STEM Careers at the Lyman Briggs College Peer Reviewed Conference Paper from 2012 ASQ Advancing the STEM Agenda in Education, the Workplace and Society, University of Wisconsin-Stout (2012). http://rube.asq.org/edu/2012/06/career-development/preparing-students-for-stemresearch- at-the-lyman-briggs-college. ...