A thin slit-lamp beam illuminating the pupil margin produces clearly visible pupil oscillations. These oscillations can be timed with a stopwatch, thus producing a measurement of the edge-light pupil cycle time. The pupil cycle time is remarkably stable in various testing situations and is repeatable within about +/- 3% over extended periods of time. Expected normal distribution and 95% confidence intervals are given in Table 3. When the iris muscles are normally innervated and responsive, the pupil cycle time is dependent on the speed of nerve conduction and the number and strength of optic nerve impulses. Only 5% of normal persons aged 12 to 50 years are expected to have a pupil cycle time in either eye longer than 954 ms or a difference in pupil cycle time between the two eyes longer than 70 ms. ...

Fisheyes and wide angles A number of fisheye and wide lenses show strong entrance pupil shift (See the animations on the web page by Pierre Toscani!!) by angle from center. The Nikon 10.5 and 16mm fisheyes entrance pupil shifts by around 15mm, the ideal LPP point for panoramas is therefore a bit of a compromise, depending on the amount of image overlap and I dont know what else. The Nikon 14mm f2.8D and other wide angles do this too Internal vignetting I recently noticed some peoples measurements conflicted with mine, I am however quite confident in the accuracy of my measurement setup now. The reason I found is that entrance pupil sometimes shifts with the aperture wide open to to internal vignetting away from the aperture, I now always measure by observing the aperture from the front and with the lens stopped down. Measurements made with the lens wide open (Especially with the parallax method) may therefore differ from mine. This means the ideal NPP could differ slightly if you shoot wide ...

To calculate the Entrance pupil distance add the Tripod Mount Length (L1) from the camera and the Entrance Pupil Length (L2) from the lens. So for example for a Canon 300d and a 10-22mm at 10mm, the total Entrance pupil distance from the tripod mount is 40mm + 66mm = 106mm If you use a SLR lens on a mirrorless camera, you just have to add the adapter thickness (Flange to focal plane difference). For Nikon F mount lenses on a Z camera: 30.5mm; similarly for Canon EF lens on a EOS-R camera: 24.0mm. The principle is the same for mounting any other type lens on a camera when an adapter can be used. ...

Why are the implicit times of the fundamental component in the RETeval system longer for larger pupil sizes even after adjustments were made to deliver the same flash retinal illuminance? We do not have a simple explanation for this question, but we suggest that at least two factors may be involved. The first factor is the Stiles-Crawford effect of the cone system. It is known that the response of cone photoreceptors is different when the angle of light stimulating the cones is changed.20,21 Because of this Stiles-Crawford effect, the effective retinal illuminance to the cone system is not simply the product of luminance × pupil area for large pupil areas. Paupoo et al.22 reported that when the pupil is fully dilated, the effective retinal illuminance of the cone system may be calculated by taking the pupil area to be approximately 20 mm2. McCulloch and Hamilton23 also showed that the rays of light entering 2.5 mm away from the pupil center have approximately one-half the effectiveness of those ...

The aim of this study was to use a Shack-Hartmann clinical aberrometer (COAS, Wavefront Sciences Ltd) to evaluate the variability of low- and higher-order aberration measurement of the eye. Using the wave aberration polynomial determined for a full-size pupil we compared the Zernike expansion coefficients for a smaller, 3 mm pupil derived by two methods: first, by re-calculating the wave aberration coefficients to the reduced sampled points corresponding to that pupil (direct method), and, second, by using a matrix method to reconstruct a new set of coefficients appropriate for the reduced pupil (scaling method) (see figure 1).. Our results suggest that, for full-size pupil, the efficiency of the measurements varies across x and y pupil position: where the wavefront is larger, measurement variance is higher, especially near the margins of the pupil, where increased standard deviation results to higher wave-aberration error. Some of this increased variance may have been due to poorer image ...

Pupil Information (Pilot Schools only): Published pupil information forms can be downloaded on a per-pupil basis from the Pupil Information screen if your school is using this feature.. Primaries: When a pupil has a complete Pupil Information form, please open their form, see the pupil name has switched from black to blue and will be clickable to generate a per pupil report. This can be dowloaded or printed as required.. Secondaries: When a pupil has a complete Pupil Information form, you will see their name has switched from black to blue in the grid and will be clickable to generate a per pupil report. This can be dowloaded or printed as required.. This feature may be useful for primary schools to use for end of year reviews with parents, or for secondaries to help prepare using a detailed overview of pupil information.. Please note, downloading and sharing confidential pupil information is done at your own risk. Please ensure you abide by your schools data sharing processes. ...

We studied the color-match-area effect and the Stiles-Crawford effect in 10 observers with age-related macular changes. Observers were graded on a scale of I to IV according to the Sarks classification, which correlates fundus appearance and visual acuity with the severity of postmortem histological changes in Bruchs membrane. Observers in group II showed subtle abnormalities of color matching; those in groups III and IV showed more-severe abnormalities. The Stiles-Crawford effect was abnormal in 9 of 10 eyes tested. Only one observer showed a Stiles-Crawford effect that had a well-defined peak near the center of the pupil and a near-normal bandpass. The results suggest that early age-related changes visible in the fundus can be revealed by psychophysical tests of photoreceptor architecture.. © 1988 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...

Define entrance pupil: the stop in an optical instrument or the virtual image of the stop that determines the angular diameter of the bundle of rays …

If the patients pupil appeared to be very small it could indicate the presence of injury as the result from consuming opiate.. Normal Pupil Size. People with normal pupil will show 2 mm until 4 mm size in the bright light, while in the dark the size will turns to 4 mm until 8 mm. Generally, pupils are equal in size for Perrla eyes. Pupils tend to constrict when there is a direct illumination or direct response. Other reason that causes the pupil to constrict is when the eye focused on a near object. This response is called an accommodative response. On the other hand, pupils will dilate when you are in a dark place. When pupils do not constrict or dilates in the previous condition, it can be assumed that there is an abnormality on the pupil. Other important thing about the pupil size normal and assessment is that it can decrease according to age due to senile miosis.. Read also Important Matters of Pupillary Examination. ...

Infrared television pupillometry was performed on 34 insulin-treated diabetic patients and 55 healthy subjects. Sixteen of the diabetic patients had pupils that failed to dilate normally in darkness. The occurrence of a small pupil was associated with cardiac vagal dysfunction and somatic sensory loss. The small pupil was found to be supersensitive to the mydriatic effect of topical 2% phenylephrine but normally sensitive to 0.5% hydroxyamphetamine eyedrops. It is concluded that the failure of the pupil to dilate in darkness in some diabetic patients is due to neuropathy of the sympathetic innervation. ...

Purpose : The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) knockout mouse exhibits retinal degeneration and profound myopia. We hypothesized that developmental differences would extend to other responses of the eye. Here we tested for additional ocular differences in the IRBP knockout mouse by measuring pupil dilation in response to induced mydriasis. Methods : Pupil diameters of 90 day old, male IRBP knockout (KO) and C57BL/6J (WT) mice, were measured using a custom photorefraction device. Following an initial measurement in the awake state, mydriasis was induced via topical application of tropicamide, followed 2 minutes later by ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Pupil diameters were then measured at 2.5 minute intervals for 30 minutes post-mydriatic application. Unpaired t-tests with Welchs correction and a 2-way ANOVA (genotype and time points as two factors) were used to assess significance between KO and WT groups, as well as time points following mydriatic application. Results : ...

Me lations asureme hips !medications, and variables, such as the patients concentrations leading to more profound effects wakefulness, level of ambient light, and time of on pupil dilation. Several studies have utilized day that a procedure is performed, may alter pupillometry to demonstrate the aforementioned pupillometry data collection. In order to validate effects of opioids. the dependency of these methods, clinicians must consider that pupil size and pupillary response to pain are influenced by various pupillometry to study the pharmacodynamic factors besides pain. effects of tramadol, an opioid-like drug, on PLR. In the study, the polymorphism of CYP2D6, a In this paper, we will discuss the effects member of the cytochrome P450 enzymes of certain medication classes on pupillary light involved in the metabolism of drugs, was reflexes, focusing mostly on opiates and analyzed in each participant (n=26) because this sedatives. Based on a review of literature enzyme mediates the active ...

The pupil is the opening in the centre of the eye. Light enters through the pupil and goes through the lens, which focuses the image on the retina.[1] The size of the pupil is controlled by muscles. There is a circular group, which squeezes the iris smaller, and another group which pulls the iris wider. When more light is needed, the pupil is made larger. In brighter light, the pupil is made smaller. The pupil can be compared with the aperture of a camera. It is surrounded by the iris which is the colored part of the eye. The lens changes its shape depending on how far away the eye focuses. The focus point is where the eye is focusing on. The light makes the pupil change its size. When it is darker, the pupils will dilate (get bigger) because they need to allow more light into the eye to see. When it is bright, the pupil will constrict (get smaller) to restrict the amount of light there is getting into the eye so we can see. The pupil is normally black in most animals, but in some reptiles, it ...

If you would like more information on how to apply for Free School Meals, please use the following link: Free School Meals Letter 2020-21. Pupils eligible for Pupil Premium funding make up 5.2% of the schools population.. In 2020-21 the school is expecting to receive £26,715.. In schools, the Pupil Premium funding is utilised to close learning gaps by supporting pupil outcomes in relation to targets, supporting equal entitlement in school community and raising aspiration & access to experiences otherwise inaccessible to this group of pupils.. It is for schools to decide how to use and spend the Pupil Premium allocation, as they are best placed to assess what provision should be made for the individual pupils within their responsibility.. At Ermysteds Grammar School, we have produced a Pupil Premium Strategy that illustrates how we will spend the Pupil Premium funding. We have designed our Pupil Premium Strategy to support ambitious teaching, learning, care and aspirations of this group of ...

We have used a modified double-pass apparatus with unequal entrance and exit pupil sizes to measure the optical transfer function in the human eye and have applied the technique to three different problems. First, we confirm that in the eye the double-pass spread function is the cross correlation of the input spread function with the output spread function [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 195 ( 1995)]. Consequently, when entrance and exit pupil sizes are equal, phase information is lost from the double-pass images. Second, we show that in double-pass measurements the eye behaves like a reversible optical system. That is, when entrance and exit pupils are equal, the double-pass image results from two passes through an optical system having a transfer function that is the same in both directions. To test for reversibility in the living eye we have used a double-pass apparatus with different exit and entrance pupil sizes (one of them small enough to consider the eye diffraction limited), so that the ...

Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes; however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil-fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with ...

Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes; however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil-fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with ...

Since the eyes pupil varies in diameter with viewing conditions, the ideal exit pupil diameter depends on the application.[1] An astronomical telescope requires a large pupil because it is designed to be used for looking at dim objects at night, while a microscope will require a much smaller pupil since the object will be brightly illuminated. A set of 7×50 binoculars has an exit pupil just over 7.1 mm, which corresponds to the average pupil size of a youthful dark-adapted human eye in circumstances with no extraneous light. The emergent light at the eyepiece then fills the eyes pupil, meaning no loss of brightness at night due to using such binoculars (assuming perfect transmission). In daylight, when the eyes pupil is only 4 mm in diameter, over half the light will be blocked by the iris and will not reach the retina. However, the loss of light in the daytime is generally not significant since there is so much light to start with. By contrast, 8×32 binoculars, often sold with emphasis on ...

d) A school counselor, teacher, instructor, administrator, or aide may not, on the basis of the sex of a pupil, offer vocational or school program guidance to a pupil of one sex that is different from that offered to a pupil of the opposite sex or, in counseling a pupil, differentiate career, vocational, or higher education opportunities on the basis of the sex of the pupil counseled. Any school personnel acting in a career counseling or course selection capacity to a pupil shall affirmatively explore with the pupil the possibility of careers, or courses leading to careers, that are nontraditional for that pupils sex. The parents or legal guardian of the pupil shall be notified in a general manner at least once in the manner prescribed by Section 48980, in advance of career counseling and course selection commencing with course selection for grade 7 so that they may participate in the counseling sessions and decisions ...

Pupil Premium. What is Pupil Premium?. The Pupil Premium was introduced in April 2011 and is allocated to schools to improve the achievement of pupils who have been registered for free school meals at any point in the last six years (known as Ever 6 FSM). Schools also receive funding for children who have been looked after continuously for more than six months, and children of service personnel.. Why has it been introduced?. The Government believes that the Pupil Premium, which is additional to main school funding, is the best way to address the current underlying inequalities between children eligible for free school meals (FSM) and their peers by ensuring that funding to tackle disadvantage reaches pupils who need it most.. Who decides how the money is spent?. In most cases the Pupil Premium is paid directly to schools, allocated to them for every pupil who receives free school meals. Schools decide how to use the funding, as they are the best placed to assess what their pupils ...

As of 2012, there are no products sold in the United States that reverse pupil dilation, according the New York Times. Some eye doctors used dapiprazole to reverse pupil dilation, but the product is...

We have a system of termly progress meetings where teachers meet individually with the Assistant Head teacher to discuss pupil progress and attainment. It is in the context of these challenging meetings that if it is identified that a pupil is not likely to make upper quartile progress, additional advice or interventions or support will be discussed and put in place.. At Manor Green Primary, Pupil Premium is allocated straight to us and is clearly identifiable in our budget. It is up to us to decide how the Pupil Premium, allocated per FSM pupil, service children and children in care is spent, since we are best placed to assess what additional provision should be made for the individual pupils within our school. Although we are free to spend the Pupil Premium as we see fit, we are held accountable as to how we have used the additional funding to support pupils from low-income families, service children and children in care.. ...

Pupils who did or did not participate in school gardening and their self-assessment towards their sustainable knowledge. In the present study, only the self-assessment of the pupils sustainability knowledge was asked for and not their actual knowledge on sustainability. School gardening leads, for pupils who participated in it, to be able to better assess their own sustainability knowledge. These pupils attained a more substantial and differentiated self estimation of their knowledge through the participation in school gardening than pupils who did not. This result can be seen positively, because the participation in school gardening makes them recognize more sustainability relevant correlations between nutrition and sustainability than pupils who did not participate. The pupils knowledge of sustainability can positively influence their nutritional behavior. In the following study Baldivia et al. (2014) showed that before participation in school gardening programs pupils were not familiar ...

The main focus of the Schools spending in Pupil Premium is to improve outcomes for our most vulnerable pupils and therefore narrow the gap between these pupils and the rest of the school. We are currently focussing specifically on our pupils achieving expected levels of progress in English and Mathematics. We also spend a considerable amount currently on alternative provision for those pupils who are unable to access the curriculum within school for a range of reasons, but all achieve qualifications that enable them to access further study post 16. Please click here for the details relating to the schools use of Pupil Premium funding for the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The Pupil Premium Strategy for 2020/2021 can be viewed here. The Pupil Premium Strategy for 2021/2022 will be reviewed in July 2021.. Hard copies of any of the documents listed can be obtained from the school Reception or requested via our admin email address: [email protected]. ...

Airedale Academy receives additional funding of £955 per pupil, per year for pupils who are entitled to free school meals. This additional money is called the pupil premium. We encourage all parents/carers on low incomes to check their eligibility for free school meals by contacting the school office for an application form, as a successful application will increase the pupil premium funding the school receives. Children eligible for Pupil Premium receive a free school meal. Our cashless catering system means that no one else will know that your child is receiving free school meals, as the money is added to their account automatically each day and can be spent in the usual way.. A report on the amount of pupil premium received, how it has been spent, and the impact of the spending can be viewed by clicking on the Pupil Premium Impact Report link. Our strategy for how the Academy plans to spend the current years allocation can be downloaded from the link below. Click on the link below to view ...

The Pupil Premium was introduced in 2011 and is believed to be the best way to address the current underlying inequalities by ensuring that funding to tackle disadvantage reaches the pupils who need it most. It is aimed at closing the attainment gap between children from vulnerable families and their peers. It is allocated to schools to work with pupils who have been registered for free school meals at any point in the last six years (known as Ever 6 FSM). Schools also receive funding for pupils from families who are members of the armed services or children who have been looked after continuously for more than six months.. We would encourage you to investigate if your child is eligible for the free meal, and the Pupil Premium funding that comes with this.. Please click here for more information.. Headteachers and school leaders should decide how to use the Pupil Premium to meet the particular needs of their pupils, and will also be held accountable for the difference it makes.. To learn how ...

The brainstem-the part of the brain that controls our most basic involuntary or autonomic responses including salivation and pupil response-is where researchers Christa Anderson and John Colombo are looking for biological characteristics and the neural basis of autism spectrum disorder.. They found two potential biological markers or biomarkers of ASD: larger resting pupil size and altered levels of a salivary enzyme associated with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in children with the disorder.. The levels of the enzyme, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) were higher in general across the day and much less variable for children with ASD compared to typically-developing children.. What this says is that the autonomic system of children with ASD is always on the same level, said Anderson. They are in overdrive.. Collecting sAA levels with a small sponge swab under a childs tongue and the measurement of pupil size are painless, non-invasive procedures that have the potential for pediatricians to ...

Do allergy eye drops make the pupil larger - Do allergy eye drops make the pupil larger? Should Not. They should not cause pupil dilation unless you are using a vasoconstricting agent (visine) when the drug wears off it can cause pupil dilation.

Serious injuries may produce pupils that are unequal in size. Dilated and fixed pupils, as well as pupils of unequal size, are the most worrisome symptoms. In some cases, dilated pupils may be a symptom of a life-threatening condition that should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting. Seek immediate medical care call if you, or someone you are with, have any of these life-threatening symptoms including:. Change in mental status or sudden behavior change, such as confusion, delirium, lethargyhallucinations and delusions.. Garbled or slurred speech or inability to speak. Loss of sensation numbness. Severe headache. Sudden change in visionloss of vision, or eye pain.. Dilated pupils not resulting from a normal response to low light are typically caused by drugs, medications, poisons, or brain injury or disease. A number of therapeutic medications, as well as illicit drugs, may cause dilated pupils including:.. A number of biological or chemical toxins and poisons can lead to dilated ...

During the last decade, Finnish pupils performance in educational assessment studies has steadily declined. At the same time the differences between pupils and in the capital area also the differences between schools have increased, and girls usually outperform boys in most assessed domains. The aim of the present study was to examine how these differences develop during primary education, with a special emphasis on the development of the performance of pupils in need of support for their studies. This was done by following three different samples of primary school pupils in two municipalities: In Helsinki a sample of 608 pupils was followed from the beginning of the first grade to the end of the sixth grade, and in Vantaa two full cohorts (N≈2000 in each) were assessed in the first/third grade and again in the third/sixth grade. In the beginning of the first grade the pupils took a learning preparedness test, and teachers evaluated their initial reading skills. At the turn of the third and ...

Overview of Pupil Premium. The Pupil Premium grant is allocated to schools to work with pupils who have been registered for free school meals at any point in the last six years (known as Ever 6 FSM), Looked After Children, children adopted from care or who have left care, and children of service personnel (known as Ever 5 service). The funding is not ring-fenced per student and can be used for initiatives that include, but are not limited to, pupil premium students. The funding is available for students in Year 7 to 11.. · £935 for each Ever 6 FSM pupil. · £1900 for each Looked -after Child (LAC). · £1900 for each Post Looked after Care Child. · £300 for each Ever 5 Service Pupil. The full report on our PPG strategy can be viewed by clicking this link.. Below is a summary of PPG students and funding and key academic outcome headlines. ...

Pupil Premium was introduced in April 2011, and paid by means of a specific grant based on school census figures for pupils registered as eligible for Free School Meals in Years 7 - 11. This entitlement has now been extended to the Ever6. For looked after children the pupil premium was calculated using the Looked After Children data returns (SSDA903). A premium has also been introduced for children whose parents are currently serving in the armed forces. This service premium is designed to address the emotional and social well‐being of these pupils. A Top Up grant has been added for pupils coming into year 7 who did not reach L4 in either reading or mathematics by the end of year 6, additional funding is also available for summer school to support transition of prior lower attainers into secondary school. The pupil premium is additional to main school funding and it will be used by this school to address any underlying inequalities between children eligible by ensuring that funding reaches ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Brain stem blood flow, pupillary response, and outcome in patients with severe head injuries. AU - Ritter, Ann M.. AU - Muizelaar, J. Paul. AU - Barnes, Tom. AU - Choi, Sung. AU - Fatouros, Panos. AU - Ward, John. AU - Bullock, Ross. PY - 1999/5/1. Y1 - 1999/5/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE: Acute pupillary dilation in a head-injured patient is a neurological emergency. Pupil dilation is thought to be the result of uncal herniation causing mechanical compression of the IIIrd cranial nerve and subsequent brain stem compromise. However, not all patients with herniation have fixed and dilated pupils, and not all patients with nonreactive, enlarged pupils have uncal herniation. Therefore, we have tested an alternative hypothesis that a decrease in brain stem blood flow (BBF) is a more frequent cause of mydriasis and brain stem symptomatology after severe head injury. We determined the relation of BBF to outcome and pupillary response in patients with severe head injuries. METHODS: One hundred ...

Hess and Polt (1960)[28] presented pictures of semi-naked adults and babies to adults (four men and two women). Pupils of both sexes dilated after seeing pictures of people of the opposite sex. In females, the difference in pupil size occurred also after seeing pictures of babies and mothers with babies. This examination showed that pupils react not only to the changes of intensity of light (pupillary light reflex) but also reflect arousal or emotions. In 1965 Hess, Seltzer and Shlien[29] examined pupillary responses in heterosexual and homosexual males. Results showed a greater pupil dilation to pictures of the opposite sex for heterosexuals and to pictures of the same sex for homosexuals . According to T.M. Simms (1967),[30] pupillary responses of males and females were greater when they were exposed to pictures of the opposite sex.[31] In another study, Nunnally and colleagues (1967)[32] found that seeing slides rated as very pleasant was associated with greater pupil dilation as seeing ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of pupil dilation on biometric measurements and intraocular lens power calculations in schoolchildren. AU - Wang, Xiaogang. AU - Dong, Jing. AU - Tang, Maolong. AU - Wang, Xiaoliang. AU - Wang, Haitao. AU - Zhang, Suhua. PY - 2018/9/1. Y1 - 2018/9/1. N2 - Purpose To investigate the effect of pupil dilation on ocular biometric parameters and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in schoolchildren using the Lenstar LS 900. Methods One hundred forty eyes of 140 healthy schoolchildren were included in the analysis. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), flat keratometry (K), steep K, astigmatism, white-to-white (WTW), and iris/pupil barycenter distance were measured, before and after pupil dilation. Anterior segment length (ASL) was defined as the sum of ACD and LT, and lens position (LP) was defined as ACD plus half of the LT. The relative lens position (RLP) was defined as LP divided by ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Pupil Dilation Response During Speech Perception in Dark and Light. T2 - The Involvement of the Parasympathetic Nervous System in Listening Effort. AU - Wang, Yang. AU - Kramer, Sophia E.. AU - Wendt, Dorothea. AU - Naylor, Graham. AU - Lunner, Thomas. AU - Zekveld, Adriana A.. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Recently, the measurement of the pupil dilation response has been applied in many studies to assess listening effort. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying this response are still largely unknown. We present the results of a method that separates the influence of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system on the pupil response during speech perception. This is achieved by changing the background illumination level. In darkness, the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the pupil response is minimal, whereas in light, there is an additional component from the parasympathetic nervous system. Nineteen hearing-impaired and 27 ...

Background: The activity of melanopsin containing intrinsically photosensitive ganglion retinal cells (ipRGC) can be assessed by a means of pupil responses to bright blue (appr.480 nm) light. Due to age related factors in the eye, particularly, structural changes of the lens, less light reaches retina. The aim of this study was to examine how age and in vivo measured lens transmission of blue light might affect pupil light responses, in particular, mediated by the ipRGC.. Methods: Consensual pupil responses were explored in 44 healthy subjects aged between 26 and 68 years. A pupil response was recorded to a continuous 20 s light stimulus of 660 nm (red) or 470 nm (blue) both at 300 cd/m2 intensity (14.9 and 14.8 log photons/cm2/s, respectively). Additional recordings were performed using four 470 nm stimulus intensities of 3, 30, 100 and 300 cd/m2. The baseline pupil size was measured in darkness and results were adjusted for the baseline pupil and gender. The main outcome parameters were ...

Results Thirty patients were enrolled. Each point change on a 10 cm visual analogue pain intensity scale was associated with a statistically significant mean change of 0.11 mm/s in maximum pupil constriction velocity, and of approximately 0.4% in pupil diameter. As expected, there was an association between total opioid dose (expressed as morphine equivalents) and pupil diameter. Age, sex and baseline anxiety scores did not correlate significantly with pupillary response.. ...

Pupil Premium is an allocation of additional funding provided to schools to support specific groups of children who are vulnerable to possible underachievement. These include pupils who are entitled to free school meals, those looked after by the local authority and children of armed service personnel. The intended effect of this funding is to accelerate progress and raise attainment.. It is for schools to decide how the Pupil Premium, allocated to schools per eligible pupil, is spent, since they are best placed to assess what additional provision should be made for the individual pupils within their responsibility. We consider research evidence from organisations such as the Sutton Trust and the Education Endowment Foundation when we plan how to spend our Pupil Premium funding allocation.. In making provision for socially disadvantaged pupils we recognise that not all pupils who receive free school meals will be socially disadvantaged. We also recognise that not all pupils who are socially ...

BACKGROUND Patients assess their own pain with a numerical rating scale (NRS). In the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU), NRS helps to determine and monitor analgesic administration, but is useless in patients who are unable to communicate. In non-PACU patients, acute pain increases pupillary diameter and pupillary light reflex amplitude (PLRA), the difference between pupillary diameter before and after light stimulation. OBJECTIVES To study the association between postopera-tive pain (NRS) and pupillary diameter or PLRA in PACU patients after routine anaesthetic care. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris. PATIENTS One hundred and forty-five patients undergoing planned surgery under general anaesthesia. INTERVENTIONS NRS, pupillary diameter and PLRA were measured on arrival in the PACU. When NRS was more than 4, intravenous morphine titration was started and a second measurement performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association between NRS and pupillary diameter or

The Pupil Premium is an allocation of additional funding provided to schools to support specific groups of children who are vulnerable to possible underachievement. These include pupils who are entitled to free school meals (FSM), those looked after by the local authority and children of armed service personnel. The intended effect of this funding is to accelerate progress and raise attainment.. It is for schools to decide how the Pupil Premium, allocated to schools, is spent since they are best placed to assess what additional provision should be made for the individual pupils within their responsibility. We reserve the right to allocate the Pupil Premium funding to support any pupil or groups of pupils the school has legitimately identified as being socially disadvantaged. For further information please visit https://www.gov.uk/guidance/pupil-premium-information-for-schools-and-alternative-provision-settings. Our aims in deciding how to allocate Pupil Premium funding are:. ...

In one embodiment, a portable pupillometer including a testing compartment, at least one ocular disposed on the testing compartment, two or more light sources disposed in the testing compartment and forming a plurality of visual stimuli for a subject looking through the at least one ocular, at least one camera configured to capture images of a pupil of the subject via infrared detection, the images indicating pupillary responses to the two or more light sources, and an interface for connection with a computing device external to the pupillometer, the interface adapted to (i) provide, to the computing device, images from the at least one camera, and (ii) receive, from the computing device, control signals for controlling the plurality of light sources.

In addition to controlling the amount of light that enters the eye, the pupillary light reflex provides a useful diagnostic tool. It allows for testing the integrity of the sensory and motor functions of the eye.[1] Under normal conditions, the pupils of both eyes respond identically to a light stimulus, regardless of which eye is being stimulated. Light entering one eye produces a constriction of the pupil of that eye, the direct response, as well as a constriction of the pupil of the unstimulated eye, the consensual response. Comparing these two responses in both eyes is helpful in locating a lesion.[1][11] For example, a direct response in the right pupil without a consensual response in the left pupil suggests a problem with the motor connection to the left pupil (perhaps as a result of damage to the oculomotor nerve or Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the brainstem). Lack of response to light stimulation of the right eye if both eyes respond normally to stimulation of the left eye indicates ...

The development of real-time predictors of mental workload is critical for the practical application of augmented cognition to human-machine systems. This paper explores a novel method based on a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) for analyzing galvanic skin conductance (SC) and pupillometry time-series data to extract estimates of mental workload with temporal bandwidth high-enough to be useful for augmented cognition applications. We tested the method in the context of a process control task based on the DURESS simulation developed by Vincente and Pawlak (1994; ported to Java by Cosentino,& Ross, 1999). SC, pupil dilation, blink rate, and visual scanning patterns were measured for four participants actively engaged in controlling the simulation. Fault events were introduced that required participants to diagnose errors and make control adjustments to keep the simulator operating within a target range. We were interested in whether the STFT of these measures would produce visible effects of the

Looking for online definition of afferent pupil sign in the Medical Dictionary? afferent pupil sign explanation free. What is afferent pupil sign? Meaning of afferent pupil sign medical term. What does afferent pupil sign mean?

The summer term is traditionally seen as the dog end of the school year for many pupils - when hot classrooms, a desire to play in the sunshine and inevitable post-Sats relaxation might be expected to slow academic progress.. But new Government research has found the opposite is true. Key stage 2 and 3 pupils make most progress during the summer term and least during the longer autumn term.. The Department for Education study analysed teacher assessments made at the end of each term for 37,000 pupils in more than 340 schools. The records, for five different cohorts of pupils over three years, showed the same pattern of progress - in national curriculum levels of achievement - between autumn, spring and summer terms in reading, writing and maths.. The researchers linked the smaller increase in the autumn term to the long summer break requiring pupils to retain their learning from the previous academic year over several weeks away from school.. They also noted that most primary pupils would be ...

According to a dual mechanism account (Fernandez-Duque & Posner, 1997), two separate noradrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms modulate, respectively, the alerting and orienting effects. However, Corbetta and colleagues (2008) proposed that LC phasic activity may also be involved in orienting effect through its functional relationship with the ventral attentional network. We recruited seventy-five healthy Norwegian participants to perform a Posner cueing task. Both behavioral and pupillary responses revealed the alerting effect. Also, both behavioral and pupillary responses indicated that cued attention is affected by age. Behavioral responses also revealed orienting effect However, we found no TEP differences between valid, invalid, and neutral conditions, suggesting that TEP effects were driven by the alerting effect of cue presentation. Moreover, both behavioral and pupillary estimates of alertness and orienting were uncorrelated. Finally, individual differences in general cognitive abilities ...

The pupil is the circular opening in the center of the eye that allows light to pass through. The pupil expands when there is little light present, and contracts when there is a greater amount of light present. Anisocoria refers to an unequal pupil size.

To monitor progress on attainment, new measures will be included in the performance tables that will capture the achievement of students covered by the Pupil Premium. At The Dartmoor Federation Primaries, the usual cycle of half- termly data collection and the monitoring and tracking of the cohorts attainment, will be used to inform childrens progress and enable the early identification of need, support and appropriate intervention. The Senior Leadership Team, Pupil Premium Champion and Governors are accountable for the impact on the pupils of the spending of the Pupil Premium; all staff are responsible for ensuring that an inclusive, proactive, reflective and holistic approach are consistently used to support and maximise the opportunities for all pupils ...

Description of disease Pupil - white spots. Treatment Pupil - white spots. Symptoms and causes Pupil - white spots Prophylaxis Pupil - white spots

List of 206 causes for Back tingling/ paresthesias and Dysarthria and Gait disorder and Pupillary changes, alternative diagnoses, rare causes, misdiagnoses, patient stories, and much more.

Slight differences in pupil sizes are found in up to 1 in 5 healthy people. Most often, the diameter difference is less than 0.5 mm, but it can be up to 1 mm.. Babies born with different sized pupils may not have any underlying disorder. If other family members also have similar pupils, then the pupil size difference could be genetic and is nothing to worry about.. Also, for unknown reasons, pupils may temporarily differ in size. If there are no other symptoms and if the pupils return to normal, then it is nothing to worry about.. Unequal pupil sizes of more than 1 mm that develop later in life and do NOT return to equal size may be a sign of an eye, brain, blood vessel, or nerve disease. ...

Several cross-national studies, which monitor the quality of education in many countries across the world, have been conducted over the recent years. The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), founded in 1958 by a group of European and American researchers (Grisay and Griffin, 2004), wanted to measure the achievement of comparable samples of students in various subjects and in diverse school systems, with the view of investigating the relationships between possible differences in achievement and differences in inputs, processes and educational contexts. Since Mozambiques independence in 1975 there have been many small research studies undertaken by the Ministry of Education and universities, which have not been nationally representative. One exception is a nationally representative study conducted under the auspices of the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) implemented in 2000 and comprising 15 systems of ...

The study explored gender differences in response to motor skill training on curbing activity restriction of dressing by pupils with cerebral palsy in a special school in Kisumu, Kenya. Mixed method approach was adopted within which a Sequential Explanatory design was used. The sample size was 6 pupils with cerebral palsy, 6 parents of pupils with cerebral palsy, 3 teachers in charge of pupils with cerebral palsy, and 2 physiotherapists. Interviews and observational checklists were used for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the use of Mann Whitney U Test. The qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that male participants had slightly higher rank than their female counterparts in the performance of dressing ability after training. However, the ability of their performance depended much on the severity of their disability rather than gender. The study recommends that the Kenyan ...

Hi, I am a 33 yrs old male. A few months back I noticed that the size of my right pupil is more than double the size of my left pupil or I should say my left pupil is really smaller than my right one. ...

Elementary school students who dont speak English have a lot of services, because Texas mandates certain programs for pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, said MayDell Jenks, the districts director of languages other than English. The pupils take five core classes: science, reading, math, social studies and language arts, plus electives like physical education, art and music. The difference lies in class size, and how fast the material is taught. Because classes at the center average 15 pupils per teacher versus 25 pupils per teacher at other schools, pupils learn at their own pace. The students come here, and they have a loving, secure environment, said Mary Endress, an instructional specialist for the district.

The Northern abolitionists, the 24 pupils in teacher Jean Edholms fifth-grade class at Neely-OBrien Elementary School, carefully considered the wording of their letter to President Lincoln as they worked through a writing exercise with her one recent morning. The class on persuasive letter writing is one of 15 lessons in a program called Writing Northwest that aims to foster the writing skills of K-12 pupils. The proprietary program was developed 27 years ago by James Sabol, an adjunct professor at Seattle Pacific University, which offers classes for training teachers in Writing Northwest techniques through the university course catalog. The courses count toward the professional development requirement for continued state teacher certification or as credits toward a degree. Pupils taught by graduates of the program have registered striking increases in scores on the Kent schools annual writing assessment, compared with the scores of pupils at the same grade level who were taught by the teachers

The PK-12 (DPI #80) license permits the holder to serve as the Director of Special Education and Pupil Services for any school district in the State of Wisconsin.. This licensure program is aligned with the Director of Special Education and Pupil Services Content Guidelines (WCG).. If you presently have an administrative license, Viterbo University requires an additional four three-credit courses to become licensed as a Director of Special Ed. and Pupil Services.. It you do not have an administrative license there are eleven three-credit courses that must be completed. All administrative licenses in WI require a masters degree.. The seven core courses are listed on the principal licensure page and the following four courses are required to obtain your Director of Special Education and Pupil Services License.. EDUL 654 Diverse Learner ...

Primary education; pupils in Europe and Central Asia was last measured at 15978478 in 2012, according to the World Bank. Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.This page has the latest values, historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and news for Primary education - pupils in Europe and Central Asia.

Secondary education; pupils in Kyrgyzstan was last measured at 683249 in 2011, according to the World Bank. Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.This page has the latest values, historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and news for Secondary education - pupils in Kyrgyzstan.

Year 5 Mental Arithmetic Pupil Book Maths KS2 by Paul Broadbent | Buy Books at Lovereading4kids.co.uk Pupils can quickly get to grips with KS2 mental arithmetic using questions that become progressively more challenging.Fully in line with the new National Curriculum.* Clear explanations and worked examples ensure pupils grasp concepts quickly.* `How did you do? checks at the end of each topic allow pupils to self-evaluate their...Find out more

Posted on 07/22/2009 10:10:13 PM PDT by Steelfish. Teacher suspended for calling pupils ugly and fat A secondary school teacher called his pupils ugly and fat in lessons and asked if their mothers were attractive when planning parents evening, a tribunal heard. By Matthew Moore 22 Jul 2009 James Cairney, who taught food technology, also made inappropriate physical contact with students while demonstrating restraint techniques. The General Teaching Council found that Mr Cairney caused distress to his teenage pupils by making public judgements on their appearances. He described three students as ugly, fat and a scumbag, while praising ones good looks and calling another beautiful. When one student apologised for being late for a lesson at The Causeway School, Eastbourne, East Sussex, he replied: Its OK, I dont think youre pregnant. He also asked pupils whether their mother was fit while making appointments for parents evening. Allegations that Mr Cairney inappropriately ...

Thinking Science, the Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) curriculum, is a program designed for 11-14 year olds (in the first two years of secondary school) which encourages them to reflect on their own thinking and to develop their reasoning power in tackling novel problems. This study presents results that represent the first large-scale long-term test of the process of raising standards in schools by concentrating on a thinking skill approach. Overall, about 4,500 pupils in the CASE schools have been featured in the data in this report. Seventeen schools data have been compared with added-value data from a greater number of control schools. Results indicate that the CASE methodology, even when tried for the first time, produced an average increase on the order of half as much gain in the percentage of pupils obtaining C-grade and above at the GCSE examination (an increase from a National average of 44% to 63% for science in 1996, and an increase from 43% to 57% in ...

Multiple sclerosis can sometimes cause the impairment of the pupil reflex known as a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), or Marcus Gunn pupil.

Only moderate inter-rater reliability in pupillary assessments using standard clinical approach i.e. torch and subjective assessment: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381281. Good inter-rater reliability for pupillometry. Big difference between standard assessment v pupillometry: https://t.co/MSwD9JG7RI. Quantitative devices also much better at diagnosing pupillary asymmetry (L v R) and therefore highlighting deterioration quicker. In cardiac arrest, during CPR - possible to detect recovery of light reflex with pupillometry. Linked to survival v no reflex: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22659054. Awaiting larger cohort study post-arrest - 288 patients included and hoping to present next year at LIVES 2017. Also of potential benefit in acute TBI - predicting uncal herniation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12546375. ...

List of 5 disease causes of Bilateral pupillary dilation, patient stories, diagnostic guides. Diagnostic checklist, medical tests, doctor questions, and related signs or symptoms for Bilateral pupillary dilation.

This bill would require a school operated by a school district or a county office of education, the California School for the Deaf, the California School for the Blind, and a charter school to provide, only if there is at least one lactating pupil on the school campus, reasonable accommodations to a lactating pupil on a school campus to express breast milk, breast-feed an infant child, or address other needs related to breast-feeding. The bill would require that these reasonable accommodations include, but are not limited to, access to a private and secure room, other than a restroom, to express breast milk or breast-feed an infant child, permission to bring onto a school campus any equipment used to express breast milk, access to a power source for that equipment, and access to a place to safely store expressed breast milk. The bill would also require that a lactating pupil on a school campus be given a reasonable amount of time to accommodate the need to express breast milk or breast-feed an ...

An auction to raise funds for a fun day for St Leonards School pupils and a memorial for Bradley (9) and Ellen (6) Livingstone opens today. Organiser Tim Foley said the more than 80 auction items included a walk-on role on the television programme Shortland Street, a retreat for four people in Hanmer Springs and the chance to meet the cast of the television programme 7 Days at Forsyth Barr Stadium. Mr Foley said the money raised would fund a fun-filled day to return the smiles to pupils after the double homicide of their classmates earlier this month. A day not to think of the hard stuff. Some of the funds would go to a memorial initiated by the school for Bradley and Ellen. Mr Foley was blown away by the auction items given by former pupils, businesses, sporting organisations and St Leonards residents. Other auction items included original art, an electric bike, a chance to hijack a radio show, a ride in a Porsche GT3 race car and a cricket bat signed by the Black Caps. The ...

The goal of VIENTOS project is to analyze pupil innovative systems that could be used in the new generation of instruments for the large telescopes. This study tries to identify the current scientific needs, to understand why some of them have not been fulfilled yet (due to pre-conceived technical ideas or to managerial reasons) and to propose opto-mechanical solutions for these pupil elements that could produce a qualitative leap in the performance of the instruments to operate in the large telescopes. VIENTOS is currently on-going as a collaborative project between FRACTAL and the University Complutense of Madrid (UCM) and is being partially funded by a CDTI grant under the program Industry for Science. CDTI is the Development and Industrial Transfer Center from the Minister of Science and Innovation (Spain). Among the different innovative systems that we have carried out, our team has explored potential solutions for narrow band Imaging with tunable filters in the near-IR and a novel pupil ...

RYANSeerpa-th, a Grade 12 pupil at Phoenix Secondary, is still on cloud nine after being picked for the KZN Under 17 Schools Cricket team about a month ago.. The left-arm medium pace bowler caught the eye of the selectors during three days of gruelling trials held at the Glenwood High, DHS and DHS Old Boys Cricket Grounds where the cream of under 17 schoolboys displayed their talents.. Ryan, 17, represente-d the Durban and Districts Cricket Unions developmen-t team.. According to KZN High Schools Cricket president Vee Lala, who was especially pleased that a Phoenix pupil had made the team, Ryan has become the first pupil from the area to make a KZN schools representa-tive side in the past decade.. His selection will motivate other youngsters from this community to pursue their cricket ambitions, said Lala.. Small wonder the selectors dubbed him the find of the week, his tight lines and the innate ability to trouble batsmen by bringing the ball back into righthande-rs (his stock delivery) from ...

The Pupil Premium is allocated to schools to address the current underlying inequalities between financially disadvantaged children and their peers. It is allocated for children eligible for free school meals, children who have been looked after continuously for more than six months, children whose parents are currently serving in the armed forces and children who are in receipt of a pension under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme or the War Pensions Scheme. From 2012/2013, this has included pupils eligible for FSM at any point in the last six years.. Schools are free to decide how the Pupil Premium is spent but are required to publish online information about how the premium has been used and the impact that it has had on childrens progress.. The application form for free school meals can be obtained from the school office or accessed via the following link: www.norfolk.gov.uk/education-and-learning/schools/school-meals-and-milk. ...

Mr Belfield, 45, a Cambridge maths graduate who became head in 2010, has previously criticised pathetic children for being ill and female pupils for wearing short skirts, it has been reported.. The school held a sixth-form casino night on Saturday where pupils dressed up, with girls in little black dresses, according to its website.. Mr Belfield was unavailable to talk to Sky News on Wednesday as he was dining with 72 parents in Hong Kong, the school said. Just under two thirds of the pupils at Ruthin are from overseas.. In an email to parents regarding relationships, seen by Sky News, he said that all students, staff and parents were aware of his strict views on behaviour and this is one reason why parents choose Ruthin School.. He continued: Unlike many other schools in the UK, the young people at Ruthin School have exceptionally good behaviour and they are focused on their study and their goal of entering top universities. The students know how proud I am of them. ...

A straight teacher is claiming he suffered sexual discrimination after repeatedly being called gay and a poof by pupils.. James Campbell, 62, told a tribunal yesterday that pupils at Denny High School, Stirlingshire, Scotland, subjected him to crude and offensive comments suggesting he was gay. He said he hates kids because of what happened to him, after they called him names including perv, gay, poof, and weirdo.. Campbell, the former art teacher at the school, had already lost a disability claim after pupils mocked his baldness, and an unfair dismissal case after he claimed unruly kids forced him into early retirement, the Scottish Daily Record reported.. Married Campbell told the tribunal in Glasgow: At one stage theyd call me baldy. At another stage theyd call me poof. It shouldnt have happened. Nobody should have called me all these things. Surely there should be some retribution for this.. Somebody has called me all these names. I think it is just and equitable that the ...

An attitude scale developed by Dutton, Petrie, and Adams was administered by classroom teachers to 850 pupils in grades 4-6 in 10 schools in one school system in September and again in May. The scale had two parts, a 15-item section assessing feelings toward mathematics and another part that asked the child to rank-order the subjects liked, best to least. In grade 4, mathematics was a liked subject in both testings. Pupils in grade 5 indicated a positive attitude toward mathematics, and it ranked in the top three subjects except in one school, with little change from beginning to end of the year. In grade 6, pupils for the most part ranked mathematics as a liked subject in September, but it was ranked lower in half the schools in May. Fear of word problems was cited at all three levels as a reason for disliking mathematics. Children liked mathematics because they considered it important and fun. (MNS)

Saxophone Basics Series is a landmark method for beginner saxophone players by one of the leading figures in saxophone education, Andy Hampton. Comprising pupils tutor book, teachers book with accompaniment parts and an array of online resources. Saxophone Basics Pupils book starts at absolute beginner level and progresses to about Grade 2. There are 22 stages, each section includes a wonderful variety of concert pieces from the great composers, traditional tunes and fun, original exercises, finger gyms and warm ups to help establish a sound technique, factfiles and quizzes to teach notation and general musicianship, helpful, clear fingering charts and rhythm boxes and great illustrations. Also available, is the Pupils book edition with a CD accompaniment for an enhanced learning experience. Included in this edition: || a wide range of classical, jazz and pop repertoire, including One Mint Julep, and the theme from Red Dwarf || warm ups, fun original exercises