16944 items found Eurofound publishes its work in a range of publication formats to match audience needs and the nature of the output. These include flagship reports on a particular area of activity, research reports summarising the findings of a research project and policy briefs presenting policy pointers from research projects or facts and figures relevant to policy debates. Also included are blog articles, regular articles on working life in Europe, presentations, working papers providing background material to ongoing or already concluded research, and reports arising from ad hoc requests by policymakers. Other corporate publications include annual reports, brochures and promotional publications. Web databases and online resources such as data visualisation applications are available in Data and resources.. ...

By Steven J. Zottoli Download PDF From the Biological Bulletin 201 (October 2001). In the fall of 1935, Albert M. Grass and Ellen H. Robinson both came to the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School (HMS). This entirely fortuitous confluence of their lives led to their marriage, to a commercial endeavor-the Grass Instrument Company-that would provide equipment of high quality to neuroscientists and other physiologists for over half a century, and finally to the formation of The Grass Foundation, which has benefited the neuroscience community since 1955.. Created 2001-10 Last modified 2 years 5 months ago Topic: Publications Format: Publications ...

When you use data that have been made accessible through SND, please remember:. 1. All publications, regardless of type, that are in any way based on data should have a reference to these data. The reference (or citation) shall contain a persistent identifier (e.g. a DOI), and a reference to the creator/principal investigator. This applies regardless of publication format. Please report all publications to SND: [email protected] 2. You may only use data material for the specific purpose that you entered in your data request or during the request assessment process, if access to data is restricted.. 3. You should always comply with current principles for ethics in research. SND refers to the Good Research Practice (2017) report from the Swedish Research Council.. 4. Neither SND nor the research principal for the data have any responsibility for how the data and related documentation are used, nor for any interpretations of or conclusions based on them.. ...

When you use data that have been made accessible through SND, please remember:. 1. All publications, regardless of type, that are in any way based on data should have a reference to these data. The reference (or citation) shall contain a persistent identifier (e.g. a DOI), and a reference to the creator/principal investigator. This applies regardless of publication format. Please report all publications to SND: [email protected] 2. You may only use data material for the specific purpose that you entered in your data request or during the request assessment process, if access to data is restricted.. 3. You should always comply with current principles for ethics in research. SND refers to the Good Research Practice (2017) report from the Swedish Research Council.. 4. Neither SND nor the research principal for the data have any responsibility for how the data and related documentation are used, nor for any interpretations of or conclusions based on them.. ...

Background. Despite an extensive literature, there have been widely divergent findings regarding the direction of the association between area socio-economic characteristics and area suicide rates, with high-quality studies finding either a direct relation (higher rates of suicide in higher socio-economic areas), an inverse relation (lower rates of suicide in higher socio-economic areas) or no association.. Method. We performed a systematic review of the literature dating from 1897 to 2004 and identified 86 publications with 221 separate analyses that met our inclusion criteria. We examined the percent of direct, inverse and null findings stratified by key study characteristics including size of aggregated area, socio-economic measure used, region of study, control variables and study design.. Results. Analyses at the community level are significantly more likely to demonstrate lower rates of suicide among higher socio-economic areas than studies using larger areas of aggregation. Measures of ...

Study Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues III flashcards from Zach Harter's Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. ✓ Learn faster with spaced repetition.

Review question We wanted to find out the effects on health of cutting down on saturated fat in our food (replacing animal fats and hard vegetable fats with plant oils, unsaturated spreads or starchy foods).. Background Health guidance suggests that reducing the amount of saturated fat we eat, by cutting down on animal fats, is good for our health. We wanted to combine all available evidence to see whether following this advice leads to a reduced risk of dying or getting cardiovascular disease (heart disease or stroke).. Study characteristics We assessed the effect of cutting down the amount of saturated fat we eat for at least two years on health outcomes including dying, heart disease and stroke. We only looked at studies of adults (18 years or older). They included men and women with and without cardiovascular disease. We did not include studies of acutely ill people or pregnant or breastfeeding women.. Key results We found 15 studies with over 56,000 participants. The evidence is current to ...

BACKGROUND: This systematic review of the association between schizophrenia and obstetric complications (OCs) was performed to assess the degree of heterogeneity between studies and to quantify the increased risk of schizophrenia in exposed subjects. METHOD: Twenty case-control, one prospective cohort and two historical cohort studies were identified using a MEDLINE search supplemented by a manual search and direct communication with other researchers. Individual odds ratios were calculated for each study and a pooled estimate produced. The effect of methodological variation between studies was further assessed by partitioning studies according to study characteristics. RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant heterogeneity of effect between studies, and the pooled odds ratio for the exposure to OCs on subsequent development of schizophrenia was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6-2.4). However, partitioning according to study design revealed significant heterogeneity (z = -2.60, P | 0.01) between the pooled estimate

BACKGROUND: This systematic review of the association between schizophrenia and obstetric complications (OCs) was performed to assess the degree of heterogeneity between studies and to quantify the increased risk of schizophrenia in exposed subjects. METHOD: Twenty case-control, one prospective cohort and two historical cohort studies were identified using a MEDLINE search supplemented by a manual search and direct communication with other researchers. Individual odds ratios were calculated for each study and a pooled estimate produced. The effect of methodological variation between studies was further assessed by partitioning studies according to study characteristics. RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant heterogeneity of effect between studies, and the pooled odds ratio for the exposure to OCs on subsequent development of schizophrenia was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6-2.4). However, partitioning according to study design revealed significant heterogeneity (z = -2.60, P | 0.01) between the pooled estimate

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INTRODUCTION:Adherence-enhancing interventions have been assessed in the literature, however heterogeneity and conflicting findings have prohibited a consensus on the most effective approach to maintain adherence over time. With the ageing population and growth of chronic conditions, evaluation of sustainable strategies to improve and maintain medication adherence long term is paramount. We aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions for improving medication adherence over time among adults with any clinical condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Meta-analyses evaluating interventions to improve medication adherence were searched in PubMed in January 2019 and reviewed for primary studies. Experimental studies with a comparison group assessing an intervention to enhance medication adherence in adult patients with reported adherence outcomes were included. Two authors extracted data for study characteristics, interventions and adherence outcomes. Interventions were categorized into ...

Follow-up studies of infants born prematurely are essential to understand the long-term consequences of preterm birth and the efficacy of interventions delivered in the neonatal period. Retention of participants for follow-up studies, however, is challenging, with attrition rates of up to 70%. Our aim was to examine retention rates in two follow-up studies of prematurely born children and identify participant or study characteristics that were associated with higher attrition, and to discuss retention strategies with regard to the literature. Data from children recruited at birth to one of two studies of prematurely born infants were assessed. The two studies were the United Kingdom Oscillation Study (UKOS, a randomised study comparing two modes of neonatal ventilation in infants born less than 29 weeks of gestational age (GA)), and an observational study examining the impact of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infancy in those born less than 36 weeks of GA (virus study). The UKOS

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Review question We reviewed the evidence about the effect of inhaled corticosteroids in people with cystic fibrosis.. Background Repeated chest infections in people with cystic fibrosis cause inflammation and damage to the lungs which, in the long term, is the most common reason for death in people with cystic fibrosis. Inhaled corticosteroids are often used to treat inflammation, but may cause some side effects. Some of these side effects are less serious, for example oral thrush, but others are more serious, such as reduced growth rate in childhood. This is an update of an earlier review.. Search date The last search for evidence was on 15 August 2016.. Study characteristics In this updated review, 13 trials reported the use of inhaled corticosteroids in 506 people with cystic fibrosis aged between 6 and 55 years. Three trials were in children only, four in adults only and four were mixed ages; two trials did not describe the ages of the volunteers. The lung function and severity of disease of ...

The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measured in a clinical setting for the management of asthma in adults. 13 electronic databases were searched and studies were selected against predefined inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was conducted using QUADAS-2. Class effect meta-analyses were performed. Six studies were included. Despite high levels of heterogeneity in multiple study characteristics, exploratory class effect meta-analyses were conducted. Four studies reported a wider definition of exacerbation rates (major or severe exacerbation) with a pooled rate ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.63-1.02). Two studies reported rates of severe exacerbations (requiring oral corticosteroid use) with a pooled rate ratio of 0.89 (95% CI 0.43-1.72). Inhaled corticosteroid use was reported by four studies, with a pooled standardised mean difference of −0.24 (95% CI −0.56-0.07). No statistically significant differences for health-related ...

The authors included non-English trials in the review. The inclusion criteria for the individual trials and their participants were stated, and the author assessed the quality of the primary trials. It was not stated, however, how the trials were selected for inclusion or how study quality was assessed.. The authors listed the primary trials and the data extracted in tabular format, and discussed these data in the review. However, some of the participants details, i.e. age and gender, were not reported consistently.. The authors presented the data in a narrative format but did not report any statistical measurements that were used in the individual trials. This made it impossible to verify the results stated by the authors in this review. Heterogeneity was assessed in the narrative, based on the study characteristics used in the trials.. It was not possible to evaluate whether the authors conclusions were supported by their review due to the lack of primary data reported.. ...

Purpose Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a significantly distressing problem that affects a substantial number of patients with and survivors of cancer; however, the overall efficacy of available psychological interventions on FCR remains unknown. We therefore evaluated this in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched key electronic databases to identify trials that evaluated the effect of psychological interventions on FCR among patients with and survivors of cancer. Controlled trials were subjected to meta-analysis, and the moderating influence of study characteristics on the effect were examined. Overall quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. Open trials were narratively reviewed to explore ongoing developments in the field (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42017076514). Results A total of 23 controlled trials (21 randomized controlled trials) and nine open trials were included. Small effects (Hedgess g) were found both at postintervention (g = ...

Previous meta-analyses of treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have not shown mortality benefit from any individual class of medication. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through November 2009 for randomized trials that evaluated any pharmacotherapy in the treatment of PAH. Reference lists from included articles and recent review articles were also searched. Analysis included randomized placebo controlled trials of at least eight weeks duration and studies comparing intravenous medication to an unblinded control group. 1541 unique studies were identified and twenty-four articles with 3758 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were reviewed and data extracted regarding study characteristics and outcomes. Data was pooled for three classes of medication: prostanoids, endothelin-receptor antagonists (ERAs), and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals

Previous meta-analyses of treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have not shown mortality benefit from any individual class of medication. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through November 2009 for randomized trials that evaluated any pharmacotherapy in the treatment of PAH. Reference lists from included articles and recent review articles were also searched. Analysis included randomized placebo controlled trials of at least eight weeks duration and studies comparing intravenous medication to an unblinded control group. 1541 unique studies were identified and twenty-four articles with 3758 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were reviewed and data extracted regarding study characteristics and outcomes. Data was pooled for three classes of medication: prostanoids, endothelin-receptor antagonists (ERAs), and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals

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Materials and Methods: A total of 4,294 articles were identified through a systematic search involving all databases in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, specific journals (hand-search), conference proceedings, clinical trials registers, and collegiate contacts. Articles, abstracts, and gray literature were sought by two independent researchers. There were no language limitations. One hundred sixteen studies were identified for full-text assessment, with 10 included in the analysis (5 qualitative, 5 quantitative). Study characteristics and survival (Kaplan-Meier estimated cumulative survival and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were extracted or recalculated. A failed veneer was one which required an intervention that disrupted the original marginal integrity, had been partially or completely lost, or had lost retention more than twice. A meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis of Empress veneers was completed, with an assessment of statistical heterogeneity and ...

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe infection responsible for high mortality and disabling sequelae. Early identification of patients at high risk of these outcomes is necessary to prevent their occurrence by adequate treatment as much as possible. For this reason, several prognostic models have been developed. The objective of this study is to summarize the evidence regarding prognostic factors predicting death or sequelae due to BM in children 0-18 years of age. A search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted to identify prognostic studies on risk factors for mortality and sequelae after BM in children. Selection of abstracts, full-text articles and assessment of methodological quality using the QUIPS checklist was performed by two reviewers independently. Data on prognostic factors per outcome were summarized. Of the 31 studies identified, 15 were of moderate to high quality. Due to substantial heterogeneity in study characteristics and evaluated prognostic factors, no quantitative analysis was

The recent development of dedicated prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radioligands shows the potential to change and improve the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. There is an increasing number of prospective trials to further establish these tracers in the clinical setting. We analyzed data from the ClinicalTrials.gov registry including all listed prospective trials with PSMA-ligands for prostate cancer as of October 2019 concerning the different tracers and study characteristics. We found n = 104 eligible studies with a total of n = 25 different tracers in use: most frequently [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (32%), followed by [18F]DCFPyL (24%) and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (10%). 85% are single-center, 15% multi-center studies. 95% national and 5% international studies. 34% are phase-II, 24% phase-I, 13% phase-I/-II, 12% phase-II/-III and phase-III and 7% early-phase-I. The primary purpose was classified as diagnostic in 72% of cases and therapeutic in 23% of cases. Most studies were executed in

This systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the financial return of worksite health promotion programmes aimed at improving nutrition and/or increasing physical activity. Data on study characteristics and results were extracted from 18 studies published up to 14 January 2011. Two revie …

One exception to these rules is the Social Security benefits given out to people who are disabled to the point that they cannot work, regardless of age. This one is thornier. The hard hearted part of me says that those who do not work, do not eat, but I know that there are members of our society who deserve to live, but are unable to provide for themselves. I can honestly say that I dont see this segment ever being moved completely off of government benefits, including Social Security. A residual tax on the working portion of society will probably continue ad infinitum to pay for this. But the criteria for being declared disabled to the point that you need government funding needs to be tightened, and a yearly evaluation of what someone on disability can and cant do needs to be done. For example, someone I know was in a horrific car accident several years ago. To be honest, if shed had the accident 10 years ago, she would have died. Thanks to the miracle of modern medicine, and the fact that ...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review current evidence regarding prenatal diagnosis and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in fetuses with trisomy 21. A novel case of GATA1-positive TAM, in which following serial in utero blood transfusion clinical improvement and postnatal remission were observed, is included. SEARCH STRATEGY AND DATA COLLECTION: A systematic search of electronic databases (inception to October 2014) and reference lists, hand-searching of journals and expert contact. All confirmed cases of prenatal TAM were included for analysis. Data on study characteristics, design and quality were obtained. RESULTS: Of 73 potentially relevant citations identified, 22 studies were included, describing 39 fetuses. All studies included comprised single case or small cohort studies; overall quality was very low. Fetal/neonatal outcome was poor; 12 stillbirths (30.8%), 4 neonatal deaths (10.2%) and 7 infant deaths (17.9%). In two cases, the pregnancy was terminated (5.1%). TAM was

Young chronological age and some environmental risk factors are important clinical indicators of an increased risk of RSV hospitalization in healthy preterm infants 32 to 35 weeks of gestational age. SOE was low for estimates of incidence of RSV hospitalizations, in-hospital resource use and recurrent wheezing in this population. Studies were inconsistent in study characteristics, including weeks of gestational age, age during RSV season and control for confounding factors.

Findings from our meta-analyses of 27 studies published over 22 years suggest an inverse association between high fluoride exposure and childrens intelligence. Children who lived in areas with high fluoride exposure had lower IQ scores than those who lived in low-exposure or control areas. Our findings are consistent with an earlier review (Tang et al. 2008), although ours more systematically addressed study selection and exclusion information, and was more comprehensive in a) including 9 additional studies, b) performing meta-regression to estimate the contribution of study characteristics as sources of heterogeneity, and c) estimating pooled risk ratios for the association between fluoride exposure and a low/marginal Ravens test score.As noted by the NRC committee (NRC 2006), assessments of fluoride safety have relied on incomplete information on potential risks. In regard to developmental neurotoxicity, much information has in fact been published, although mainly as short reports in Chinese ...

Of the 1,987 records identified, removing duplicates and studies ineligible for inclusion, a total 16 RCTs were included. Five of the studies used personalization messaging, eight used two-way communication, and eight used daily text message frequency. The median intervention duration was 12 weeks, and self-report was the most commonly used method to assess medication adherence. In the pooled analysis, a total of 2,747 patients were included (median age was 39 years and 50.3% were female). Text messaging was significantly associated with improved medication adherence (OR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-2.93; p < 0.001). Study characteristics including intervention duration, chronic disease characteristics of the population, or text message characteristics (personalization, two-way communication, or daily text message frequency) did not appear to significantly influence the effect size. In a sensitivity analysis, findings remained robust to change in inclusion criteria based on study ...

Epigenetic variations in peripheral blood have potential as biomarkers for disease. This systematic review assesses the association of lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with DNA methylation profiles in peripheral blood from population-based studies. Online databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Google Scholar was searched to identify grey literature. After removing duplicate articles, 1155 articles were independently screened by two investigators. Peer reviewed reports on population-based studies that examined peripheral blood DNA methylation in participants with measured lung function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio) or known COPD status were selected for full-text review. Six articles were suitable for inclusion. Information regarding study characteristics, designs, methodologies and conclusions was extracted. A narrative synthesis was performed based on published results. Three of the six articles assessed the association of COPD with DNA methylation, and two

Positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) offers technical benefits over single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPI, but there has been no systematic comparison of their diagnostic accuracy for coronary artery disease. The Authors performed a bivariate meta-analysis of the published literature to compare the sensitivity and specificity of PET versus SPECT stress MPI for ≥50% stenosis of any epicardial coronary artery in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The Authors searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception through January 2012 and the references of identified studies for prospective, English-language studies that evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of PET and/or SPECT MPI with coronary angiography as the reference standard and reported sufficient data to calculate patient-level true and false positives and negatives. Two investigators independently extracted patient and study characteristics; a third investigator ...

Background: The quality and quantity of individuals social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality.. Objectives: This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which factors may moderate the risk.. Data extraction: Data were extracted on several participant characteristics, including cause of mortality, initial health status, and pre-existing health conditions, as well as on study characteristics, including length of follow-up and type of assessment of social relationships.. Results: Across 148 studies (308,849 participants), the random effects weighted average effect size was OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.59), indicating a 50% increased likelihood of survival for participants with stronger social relationships. This finding remained consistent across age, sex, initial health status, cause of ...

New Student Orientation is recommended for all incoming students - even those transferring from other colleges. Find out about registering for classes, financial aid, email, parking, student resources, and get valuable tips from current students!. You should complete Online New Student Orientation as soon as youve been admitted to Wake Tech. You can do this online and at your own pace!. NOTE: There may be a few hours delay after you have been admitted to the college before you can complete orientation. This is due to the time it takes for your records to be imported into the orientation system. If you continue to experience difficulties after a few hours, please contact us for further assistance.. ...