Noonan syndrome is inherited in families in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that a person who has Noonan syndrome has one copy of an altered gene that causes the disorder. In about one-third to two-thirds of families one of the parents also has Noonan syndrome. The parent who has Noonan syndrome has a 1 in 2 (50 percent) chance to pass on the altered gene to a child who will be affected; and a 1 in 2 (50 percent) chance to pass on the normal version of the gene to a child who will not have Noonan syndrome. In many individuals who have Noonan syndrome, the altered gene happens for the first time in them, and neither of the parents has Noonan syndrome. This is called a de novo mutation. The chance for these parents to have another child with Noonan syndrome is very small (less than 1 percent).. Top of page. ...

Aim: To describe the spectrum of heart disease in a large genotypically- and phenotypically-defined cohort of patients with Noonan syndrome.. Method: An international research database of patients with Noonan syndrome was combined with the medical records of all clinically-defined Noonan syndrome patients at Children's Hospital Boston and reviewed for structural heart disease. Noonan syndrome gene mutations in PTPN11, RAF1, SOS1, SHOC2, KRAS and/or BRAF were screened for in 74.5% of the cohort.. Results: A total of 294 patients were identified with Noonan syndrome. Cardiac lesions noted included pulmonary stenosis (56.8%) atrial septal defect (32.3%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (16.7%), ventricular septal defect (11.9%), patent ductus arteriosus (8.8%), aortic root dilation (4.8%), aortic coarctation (2.4%) and tetralogy of fallot (1.7%). No structural heart disease was seen in 19% of patients. Of those with pulmonary stenosis, 25.7% had the valve balloon dilated in the cardiac catheterization ...

In this cross-sectional study, the researchers sought to classify a sample of HIV-positive African-American crack cocaine smokers into homogenous HIV drug ...

OBJECTIVE: A previous pilot trial evaluating computer-based training for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) in 77 heterogeneous substance users (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids) demonstrated preliminary support for its efficacy in the context of a community-based outpatient clinic. The authors conducted a more definitive trial in a larger, more homogeneous sample. METHOD: In this randomized clinical trial, 101 cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone were randomly assigned to standard methadone maintenance or methadone maintenance with weekly access to CBT4CBT, with seven modules delivered within an 8-week trial. RESULTS: Treatment retention and data availability were high and comparable across the treatment conditions. Participants assigned to the CBT4CBT condition were significantly more likely to attain 3 or more consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine (36% compared with 17%; p,0.05, odds ratio=0.36). The group assigned to CBT4CBT also had better outcomes on ...

Looking for acute cocaine hydrochloride poisoning? Find out information about acute cocaine hydrochloride poisoning. a morbid condition caused by the action of poison on the body and accompanied by disruption of bodily systems and functions. In humans. Poisoning in humans... Explanation of acute cocaine hydrochloride poisoning

The short term effects of crack cocaine can be felt upon users initial hit of crack. The individual begins to feel the effects of crack cocaine immediately; they experience an increase in energy, temperature, mental alertness, heart rate, constricted blood vessels, as well as a decrease in appetite. These temporary effects of crack cocaine are as short lived as the users high. Because crack cocaine is smoked causing it to travel through the blood up to the brain much faster than cocaine which is snorted, the user experiences these short term effects more intensely. The duration and intensity of these short term effects of crack cocaine are based on the amount of crack cocaine that is used.. The long term effects of crack cocaine affect the user physically, mentally, and emotionally. An individuals long term effects from crack cocaine vary from person to person depending on their length and intensity of abuse. In general, the long term effects of crack cocaine include restlessness, mood change, ...

Crack cocaine is a substance that affects the brain chemistry of the user: causing euphoria,[6] supreme confidence,[7] loss of appetite,[6] insomnia,[6] alertness,[6] increased energy,[6] a craving for more cocaine,[7] and potential paranoia (ending after use).[6][8] Its initial effect is to release a large amount of dopamine,[2] a brain chemical inducing feelings of euphoria. The high usually lasts from 5-10 minutes,[2][6] after which time dopamine levels in the brain plummet, leaving the user feeling depressed and low.[2] When cocaine is dissolved and injected, the absorption into the bloodstream is at least as rapid as the absorption of the drug which occurs when crack cocaine is smoked,[6] and similar euphoria may be experienced.. A typical response among users is to have another hit of the drug; however, the levels of dopamine in the brain take a long time to replenish themselves, and each hit taken in rapid succession leads to increasingly less intense highs.[2] However, a person might ...

Specific Aim 1: To determine the efficacy of ER-MAS in promoting cocaine abstinence and ADHD improvement among comorbid ADHD and cocaine-dependent patients.. Primary Hypothesis: benzoylecgonine positive urine screens will decrease with greatest to least reductions from 80mg,60mg,PBO (placebo).. Hypothesis 2: ADHD-Rating Scale will decrease with greatest to least reductions from 80mg,60mg,PBO.. Specific Aim 2: To determine the effect of ER-MAS on improving general functioning and impulsivity among comorbid ADHD and cocaine-dependent patients.. Hypothesis 4: There will be greater improved CGI (clinical global impression scale) scores in participants receiving d-AMPH (d-amphetamine) compared to PBO.. Hypothesis 5: ER-MAS will decrease impulsivity as measured by several self-report (Barratts Impulsivity Scale) and behavioral measures (Card Sort, IMT (immediate memory task), DMT (delayed memory task), BART) compared to PBO.. This 14-week, three arm (two medication doses versus PBO), prospective, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - CREST in the nucleus accumbens core regulates cocaine conditioned place preference, cocaine-seeking behavior, and synaptic plasticity. AU - Alaghband, Yasaman. AU - Kramár, Enikö. AU - Kwapis, Janine L.. AU - Kim, Earnest S.. AU - Hemstedt, Thekla J.. AU - López, Alberto J.. AU - White, André O.. AU - Al-Kachak, Amni. AU - Aimiuwu, Osasumwen V.. AU - Bodinayake, Kasuni K.. AU - Oparaugo, Nicole C.. AU - Han, Joseph. AU - Lattal, Kennon (Matt). AU - Wood, Marcelo A.. PY - 2018/10/31. Y1 - 2018/10/31. N2 - Epigenetic mechanisms result in persistent changes at the cellular level that can lead to long-lasting behavioral adaptations. Nucleosome remodeling is a major epigenetic mechanism that has not been well explored with regards to drug-seeking behaviors. Nucleosome remodeling is performed by multi-subunit complexes that interact with DNA or chromatin structure and possess an ATP-dependent enzyme to disrupt nucleosome-DNA contacts and ultimately regulate gene expression. Calcium ...

This data collection compares a sample of persons arrested for offenses related to crack cocaine with a sample arrested for offenses related to powdered cocaine. The collection is one of two parts of a study designed to examine the characteristics of crack users and sellers, the impact of large numbers of crack-related offenders on the criminal justice system, and their effects on drug treatment and community programs. Official arrest records and supplementary data bases are used to analyze the official arrest, conviction, and incarceration histories of powdered cocaine and crack defendants. Questions addressed by the collection include: (1) How are defendants charged with crack-related offenses different from defendants charged with offenses related to powdered cocaine? (2) Is there a difference between the ways the criminal justice system handles crack offenders and powdered cocaine offenders in pretrial detention, charges filed, case dispositions, and sentencing? (3) How do the criminal ...

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a heart valve disorder in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. This type of pulmonic stenosis results in the reduction of flow of blood to the lungs. Valvular pulmonic stenosis accounts for 80% of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. While the most common cause of pulmonary valve stenosis is congenital heart disease, it may also be due to a malignant carcinoid tumor. Both stenosis of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve stenosis are forms of pulmonic stenosis (nonvalvular and valvular, respectively). PVS was the key finding that led Jacqueline Noonan to identify the syndrome now called Noonan syndrome. Play media Among some of the symptoms consistent with pulmonary valve stenosis are the following: Heart murmur Cyanosis Dyspnea Dizziness Upper thorax pain Developmental disorders In regards to the cause of pulmonary valve stenosis a very high percentage are congenital, the right ...

11/17/2010. Meghan King. This term, the Supreme Court will hear arguments on DePierre v. United States, a case determining whether the phrase "cocaine base" is limited to "crack" cocaine, or whether the phrase encompasses every form of cocaine that is classified chemically as a base. Mr. DePierre was convicted of distributing more than 50 grams of cocaine base under 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) (2006) which created the sentencing minimums for punishing drug-related offenses. The statute provides a mandatory minimum 10-year sentence for offenses involving "50 grams or more of a mixture or substance…that contains cocaine base." The meaning of the phrase "cocaine base" has created a deep division between the circuit courts with four courts of appeals holding the phrase is limited to crack cocaine, while six courts of appeals have interpreted the phrase to mean all chemically basic forms of cocaine. If cocaine base is read to include any chemically basic forms of cocaine, those individuals who are ...

KANSAS CITY, Mo. - Timothy A. Garrison, United States Attorney for the Western District of Missouri, announced that a Kansas City, Mo., man was convicted by a federal trial jury today of distributing crack cocaine and illegally possessing firearms.. Lamont E. Owens, 47, of Kansas City, was found guilty of all eight charges contained in an Aug. 31, 2016, federal indictment. Owens was convicted of possessing crack cocaine with the intent to distribute, possessing firearms in furtherance of a drug-trafficking crime, being a felon in possession of a firearm and five counts of distributing crack cocaine. Owens has been in federal custody since his arrest in October 2015, and remains in federal custody pending a sentencing hearing.. According to evidence introduced during the trial, Owens sold crack cocaine to an undercover detective on five separate occasions between Aug. 31 and Oct. 20, 2015. Officers executed a search warrant at Owens's residence on Oct. 27, 2015, and arrested him. He was in ...

norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (ndris) affect norepinephrine and a different chemical in the brain, dopamine. this class of drugs includes bupropion (wellbutrin).

TY - JOUR. T1 - Once is too much. T2 - Conditioned aversion develops immediately and predicts future cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. AU - Colechio, Elizabeth M.. AU - Imperio, Caesar G.. AU - Grigson, Patricia S.. PY - 2014/4/1. Y1 - 2014/4/1. N2 - Rats emit aversive taste reactivity (TR) behavior (i.e., gapes) following intraoral delivery of a cocainepaired taste cue and greater conditioned aversive TR at the end of training predicts greater drug-seeking and taking. Here, we examined the development of this conditioned aversive TR behavior on a trial-by-trial basis in an effort to determine when the change in behavior occurs and whether early changes in this behavior can be used to predict later drug taking. The results show that conditioned aversive TR to a cocaine-paired cue occurs very early in training (i.e., following as few as 1-2 taste-drug pairings) and, importantly, that it can be used to predict later drug seeking and drug taking in rats.. AB - Rats emit aversive taste ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dopamine Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens During Consummatory Phases of Oral Ethanol Self-Administration. AU - Doyon, William M.. AU - York, Jennifer L.. AU - Diaz, Laurea M.. AU - Samson, Herman H.. AU - Czachowski, Cristine L.. AU - Gonzales, Rueben A.. PY - 2003/10. Y1 - 2003/10. N2 - Background: This present study was designed to clarify the role of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during operant ethanol self-administration by separating bar pressing (ethanol seeking) from ethanol consumption. Furthermore, we sought to define the relationship between ethanol in the brain and the accumbal dopamine response after oral self-administration of ethanol. Methods: Two separate groups of male Long-Evans rats were trained to bar press with 10% ethanol or water. Rats were trained to elicit an escalating number of bar presses across daily sessions before gaining access to the drinking solution for 20 min. Microdialysis was performed before (during a waiting period), during, and after ...

Fig. 1 Prior alcohol use enhances persistence, motivation, and compulsivity for cocaine self-administration.. (A) Drug treatment paradigm to study alcohol and cocaine coadministration. Access to voluntary alcohol (10% alcohol, 2 hours per day) and voluntary cocaine (self-administration, 0.8 mg/kg per injection) was restricted to 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. and 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., respectively, to avoid metabolic interaction between the two drugs. (B) Alcohol self-administration. Animals in the alcohol-primed group began drinking alcohol on day 1 of the paradigm; animals in the alcohol-concurrent group began drinking on day 11. All groups start cocaine self-administration (0.8 mg/kg per infusion) on day 11. The average alcohol intake during the alcohol-priming period was 1 g/kg during the first 5 days, increasing to 1.2 g/kg during the second 5 days. Alcohol intake was similar in the alcohol-primed versus alcohol-concurrent groups from days 11 to 32 [two-way repeated-measures (RM) analysis of variance ...

The results of the present study demonstrate that cocaine self-administration alters dopamine transporter binding and that these changes follow a clear progression over time. In the initial stages of cocaine self-administration (5 d), DAT binding site levels were moderately reduced, whereas after more prolonged cocaine self-administration (3.3 months), large increases in the density of DAT sites were evident. These increases in DAT binding levels persisted even after protracted periods of self-administration (1.5 years). A key characteristic of the alterations in DAT binding was the dose-dependent nature of the effects. Chronic cocaine self-administration at the higher cocaine dose yielded more intense increases in the density of the DAT binding sites and encompassed a wider expanse of the caudal PCS than self-administration of the lower dose. Finally, the majority of significant changes in DAT binding density that occurred after chronic and long-term cocaine self-administration were focused in ...

Cocaine abuse is frequent in patients visiting the emergency department. The knowledge of the cardiovascular complications of cocaine is excellent among physicians. However the awareness regarding its abdominal complications, the most important of which include gastroduodenal perforation, bowel ischemia and splenic rupture is less adequate. We report a 58-year-old with cocaine use who presents with upper abdominal pain and a rapidly worsening clinical status. He was found to have atraumatic splenic rupture causing a hemoperitoneum that was managed by intervention radiology guided splenic artery embolization. Splenic hemorrhage and rupture need timely recognition, as they are difficult to diagnose clinically and can be potentially fatal. In the encounter of patients with cocaine use who present with chest or upper abdominal pain, clinicians should consider imaging to look for splenic rupture as it is often masked or overlooked due to the complicated clinical picture ...

Although the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a critical role in cocaine addiction, the effects of chronic cocaine on mPFC neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we performed visualized current-clamp recordings to determine the effects of repeated cocaine administration on the membrane excitability of mPFC pyramidal neurons in rat brain slices. Following repeated cocaine administration (15 mg/kg/day i.p. for 5 days) with a 3-day withdrawal, alterations in membrane properties, including increased input resistance, reduced intensity of intracellular injected currents required for generation of Na+-dependent spikes (rheobase), and an increased number of spikes evoked by depolarizing current pulses were observed in mPFC neurons. The current-voltage relationship was also altered in cocaine-pretreated neurons showing reduced outward rectification during membrane depolarization and decreased inward rectification during membrane hyperpolarization. Application of the K+ channel blocker Ba2+ ...

Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML, formerly LEOPARD syndrome) is an autosomal dominant "RASopathy" disorder manifesting in congenital heart disease. Most cases of NSML are caused by catalytically inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11), encoding the SH2 domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP2) protein. We previously generated knock-in mice harboring the PTPN11 mutation Y279C, one of the most common NSML alleles; these now-termed SHP2Y279C/+ mice recapitulate the human disorder and develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by 12 weeks of age. Functionally, heart and/or cardiomyocyte lysates from SHP2Y279C/+ mice exhibit increased basal and agonist-induced AKT and mTOR activities. Here, we sought to determine whether we could reverse the hypertrophy in SHP2Y279C/+ mice using ARQ 092, an oral and selective allosteric AKT inhibitor currently in clinical trials for patients with PI3K/AKT-driven tumors or Proteus syndrome. We obtained ...

The SPG Block or Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block can be extremely effective at preventing and eliminating migraines. The Sphenopalatine Ganglion is part of the Autonomic Nervous System. It is the Largest Parasympathetic Ganglion and treatment with lidocaine has been shown to be very effective for treating a wide variety of chronic and acute pain syndromes including Migraine, Cluster Headache, Chronic Daily Headache, New Persistent headache, Rebound Headache, Sinus Pain, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Autonomic Cephalgias and many other disorders. It is frequently used for medically refractory headaches where all other treatments have failed. SphenoPalatine Ganglion Blocks are probably grossly undrutilized based on safety and cost effectiveness.. There are multiple routes of administration including through the nose and by intra-oral or suprazygomatic injection.. There are several new FDA approved devices for delivering SPG blocks intranasally. These include the Sphenocath, the Allevio and the TX360. The ...

A new case report (pubmed abstract below) was just published in Headache, March 2016 Hemicrania Continua discusses a case report of a sufferer responding to repetitive sphenopalatine ganglion blocks. The typical treatment is indomethacin a powerful non-steroidal that many patients do not tolerate.. The patient was a 52 year old with a 7 year history of problems.. SPG Blocks (Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks) have been shown to be effective for many headaches including tension headache, chronic daily headache, cluster headache and all of the autonomic cephalgias. While it is not universally effective it is miraculous results for many patients.. This patient was treated twice a week for for 6 weeks but utilizing self administration on a daily or twice daily basis would probably give far better results. Self administration is also extremely inexpensive (less than $1.00 /per application and it puts the patient in charge of their pain.. The beauty of the SPG Block is that it can be done whenever pain ...

BANGOR, Maine (NEWS CENTER) -- Maine Drug Enforcement Agency and Bangor Police have arrested five people on Thursday for selling crack cocaine. Police say agents had been investigating a group responsible for the distribution of crack cocaine and other drugs in greater Bangor for several months. Part of the investigation involved undercover officers purchasing crack from the group.. Late Thursday afternoon, agents and Bangor Police stopped the car the five were in along South Park Street in Bangor. Seized from the car stop was about 135 grams of cocaine base or "crack", 8 grams of MDMA, commonly referred to as "ecstasy" and $1,200 in cash.. The five arrested were, 23-year-old Richard Raymond, AKA-"Porter", of Boston, MA, 32-year-old Lakeem McFadden, AKA-"Santana", of Brockton, Mass., 27-year-old Taleek McFadden, AKA- "Peasley" of Brooklyn, N, 37-year-old Patrick Whipple, of Bangor and 63-year-old Katherine White of Hampden. All five were transported to the Penobscot County Jail and are scheduled ...

Pubdate: Sat, 24 Dec 2016 Source: Blade, The (Toledo, OH) Copyright: 2016 The Blade Contact: http://www.toledoblade.com/ Details: http://www.mapinc.org/media/48 Author: Jim Provance, Blade Columbus Bureau Chief OHIO SUPREME COURT REJECTS COCAINE SENTENCE COLUMBUS - In a case closely watched by law enforcement statewide, a sharply divided Ohio Supreme Court on Friday said prosecutors must prove the weight of the actual cocaine - and not fillers - to get stiffer sentences in drug busts. For Rafael Gonzales, 58, convicted in Wood County in 2012 of first-degree felony cocaine possession, the 4-3 decision means his 11-year sentence could be slashed to one. Justice Judith Ann Lanzinger, writing for the majority, said state law's definition of "cocaine" does not provide for fillers such as baking soda. Justice Judith Ann Lanzinger, writing for the majority, said state law's definition of "cocaine" does not provide for fillers such as baking soda. The state argued that the General Assembly meant to ...

Expanding contraceptive options through self-injection may improve access and confidentiality. There are few published studies on contraceptive self-injection in sub-Saharan Africa and none in West Africa, a region with high unmet need. This study was performed to assess feasibility of subcutaneous DMPA self-injection in Senegal. These first research results on contraceptive self-injection in West Africa indicate initial feasibility and acceptability of the practice. Results underscore the importance of designing self-injection programs that empower and support women, including those with limited education.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevalence and correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States, 1997-1999. AU - Santibanez, Scott S.. AU - Garfein, Richard S.. AU - Swartzendruber, Andrea. AU - Kerndt, Peter R.. AU - Morse, Edward. AU - Ompad, Danielle. AU - Strathdee, Steffanie. AU - Williams, Ian T.. AU - Friedman, Samuel R.. AU - Ouellet, Lawrence J.. PY - 2005/3/7. Y1 - 2005/3/7. N2 - Objectives: We estimated prevalence and identified correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data from the second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study (CIDUS II), a 1997-1999 cohort study of 18-30-year-old, street-recruited injection drug users from six US cities. Results: Crack-cocaine injection was reported by 329 (15%) of 2198 participants. Prevalence varied considerably by site (range, 1.5-28.0%). No participants injected only crack-cocaine. At four sites where crack-cocaine injection prevalence was ...

Crack, cocaine, oxycodone pills, and several firearms were seized in a drug bust in Wheatley this month.. Chatham-Kent Police Service officials say in April 2017, members of the Chatham-Kent Police Service Intelligence and Drug Enforcement Unit, along with the Critical Incident Response Team executed a search warrant at a residence in Wheatley.. Drugs (crack cocaine, cocaine, oxycodone pills, marijuana), drug paraphernalia and firearms were located within the house and seized by police for evidence.. As a result of the search warrant, a 57-year-old Wheatley man was arrested and charged with the following:. - Possession of a Controlled Substance. - Possession of a Controlled Substance for the Purpose of Trafficking. - Careless Storage of a Firearm x 4. He was transported to Chatham-Kent Police Service Headquarters where he was released with a court date of Thursday, May 11, 2017.. ...

Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphia, ectodermal abnormalities, cardiac malformations, as well as growth and developmental delay. Although some endocrine abnormalities have been reported in this syndrome, very little is known about CFC syndrome-related endocrine disorders. A 7.5-year-old boy was admitted to our endocrinology clinic with the complaint of short stature. He had a height of 103 cm [-4 standard deviation (SD)], a weight of 16 kg ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cognitive dysfunctions in recreational and dependent cocaine users. T2 - Role of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, craving and early age at onset. AU - Vonmoos, Matthias. AU - Hulka, Lea M.. AU - Preller, Katrin H.. AU - Jenni, Daniela. AU - Baumgartner, Markus R.. AU - Stohler, Rudolf. AU - Bolla, Karen I.. AU - Quednow, Boris B.. PY - 2013/7. Y1 - 2013/7. N2 - Background: Dependent cocaine users consistently display cognitive deficits but cognitive performance of recreational cocaine users has rarely been investigated. Aims: To examine whether cognitive performance is impaired in relatively pure recreational and dependent cocaine users. Method: The cognitive performance of recreational (n = 68) and dependent cocaine users (n = 30) was compared with the performance of stimulant-naive controls (n = 68) employing an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Moreover, the impact of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, craving and early age at onset was ...

Benztropine 2mg tablet, benztropine mesylate injection, cheap benztropine, benztropine overdose treatment and what is benztropine medication. Benztropine mes 1mg tablet, haldol benztropine, benztropine mesylate 1mg tab and benztropine medicines or benztropine pregnancy.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Fast Quantitative Detection of Cocaine in Beverages Using Nanoextractive Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. AU - Hu, Bin. AU - Peng, Xuejiao. AU - Yang, Shuiping. AU - Gu, Haiwei. AU - Chen, Huanwen. AU - Huan, Yanfu. AU - Zhang, Tingting. AU - Qiao, Xiaolin. PY - 2010/2/1. Y1 - 2010/2/1. N2 - Without any sample pretreatment, effervescent beverage fluids were manually sprayed into the primary ion plume created by using a nanoelectrospray ionization source for direct ionization, and the analyte ions of interest were guided into an ion trap mass spectrometer for tandem mass analysis. Functional ingredients (e.g., vitamins, taurine, and caffeine, etc.) and spiked impurity (e.g., cocaine) in various beverages, such as Red Bull energy drink, Coco-cola, and Pepsi samples were rapidly identified within 1.5 s. The limit of detection was found to be 7 ∼ 15 fg (S/N = 3) for cocaine in different samples using the characteristic fragment (m/z 150) observed in the MS3 ...

CONCORD - Shariff Britton, 36, of Jersey City, New Jersey, was sentenced to 60 months in federal prison for possessing over 500 grams of cocaine with intent to distribute, United States Attorney Scott W. Murray announced today. According to court documents and statements made in court, on February 15, 2018, a New Hampshire State Police trooper patrolling I-95 stopped Britton for driving violations. During a later consensual search, the trooper located a backpack containing 1015 grams of cocaine. Britton was placed under arrest. After his arrest, Britton admitted that he was transporting the cocaine from New Jersey to Maine.. Britton previously pleaded guilty on September 5, 2019.. "Interstate drug traffickers are causing substantial damage to communities throughout Northern New England," said U.S. Attorney Murray. "Thanks to good police work, this drug trafficker is behind bars. This five-year prison term should serve as a warning to those who seek to profit from this dangerous trade. We will ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - T394A mutation at the µ opioid receptor blocks opioid tolerance and increases vulnerability to heroin self-administration in mice. AU - Wang, Xiao Fei. AU - Barbier, Elisabeth. AU - Chiu, Yi Ting. AU - He, Yi. AU - Zhan, Jia. AU - Bi, Guo Hua. AU - Zhang, Hai Ying. AU - Feng, Bo. AU - Liu-Chen, Lee Yuan. AU - Wang, Jia Bei. AU - Xi, Zheng Xiong. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 the authors.. PY - 2016/10/5. Y1 - 2016/10/5. N2 - The etiology and pathophysiology underlying opioid tolerance and dependence are still unknown. Because mu opioid receptor (MOR) plays an essential role in opioid action, many vulnerability-related studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms of MOR, particularly on A118G. In this study, we found that a single-point mutation at the MOR T394 phosphorylation site could be another important susceptive factor in the development of opioid tolerance and dependence in mice. T394A mutation, in which a threonine at 394 was replaced by an alanine, did ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Fatigue crack propagation in polymethylmethacrylate bone cements. AU - Wright, Timothy M.. AU - Robinson, Raymond P.. PY - 1982/9/1. Y1 - 1982/9/1. N2 - The fatigue crack propagation behaviour of a conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone "cement" was examined and compared with those of a low-viscosity PMMA cement and a carbon-fibre reinforced PMMA cement. The low-viscosity PMMA cement, developed for use in cement pressurization systems, did not differ significantly from conventional PMMA cement in its crack propagation behaviour. The carbon-fibre reinforced PMMA cement exhibited crack propagation rates which were approximately an order of magnitude less than those of conventional PMMA at the same range of stress intensity factor. Fractography of the test specimens revealed separation around prepolymerized PMMA beads and void formation around barium sulphate particles. Examination of carbon reinforced PMMA specimens showed poor mechanical bonding between the carbon fibres ...

I am very impressed with the recent article by Whittington et al. , which demonstrated that dexmedetomidine increased the cocaine-induced seizure threshold via the attenuation of the cocaine-induced increase in extracellular dopamine concentration in the rat nucleus accumbens. 1It is true that the increase in extracellular dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbens may be closely related to the cocaine-induced seizure activity because cocaine inhibits dopamine transporters, but recent studies have suggested that ς receptors, which are endoplasmic reticulum protein and directly activated by cocaine, are more likely involved in the cocaine-induced seizure activity than the dopamine transporters. 2On the other hand, we have recently demonstrated that ketamine, which has anticonvulsant and also proconvulsant properties, markedly increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. 3Ketamine affected the ς receptors 4and ketamine-induced c-fos protein expression in the posterior cingulate and ...

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as free air in mediastinum without any underlying pulmonary pathology. Although spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rarely seen clinical entity, it is one of the most common reasons of sudden pleuritic chest pain in healthy young individuals. Cocaine inhalation is also associated with the development of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Our case having spontaneous pneumomediastinum was referred to our emergency service with the complaint of acute respiratory failure due to cocaine abuse, and the etiology, clinical presentation and the treatment of the disease were evaluated in our study. ...

A specific and remarkably small fragment of RNA appears to protect rats against cocaine addiction - and may also protect humans, according to a recent study funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a component of the National Institutes of Health.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of a recombinant human dopamine transporter in multiple cell lines. AU - Eshleman, A. J.. AU - Neve, R. L.. AU - Janowsky, Aaron. AU - Neve, Kim. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - A 3.5-kilobase cDNA encoding the dopamine transporter was isolated from a human substantia nigra cDNA library. Sequence analysis of the coding region of the transporter identified two nucleotide differences between the cDNA and published human dopamine transporter sequences. One of the substitutions changed an amino acid conserved among previously cloned dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine transporters, Arg-344, to a methionine. C6 glioma cells or COS-7 cells transfected with the cDNA (C6-hDAT and Cos7-hDAT cells) accumulated [3H]DA with high affinity (K(m) = 1.2 and 1.5 μM, respectively), and DA uptake inhibitors had similar potencies in both cell lines. [3H]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([3H]CFT) bound to membranes prepared from both cell lines with high affinity (K(d) = 2-8 ...

Drug paraphernalia" is a term, to denote any equipment, product, accessory, or material that is modified for making, using, or concealing drugs, typically for recreational purposes. Drugs such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine are related to a wide range of paraphernalia. Paraphernalia generally falls into two categories: user-specific products and dealer-specific products. User-specific products include glass hashish pipes, crack cocaine pipes, smoking masks, hashish bongs, cocaine freebase kits, syringes, roach clips for holding the burning end of a marijuana joint. Some stores sell items for growing hydroponic marijuana, such as guidebooks, fertilizer, and fluorescent grow-lights. The term "paraphernalia" also refers to items such as hollowed-out cosmetic cases or fake pagers when used to conceal illegal drugs, or products purported to cleanse an individuals system of drug residues to increase the individual's chance of passing a urine analysis for drug use. Dealer-specific ...

Recent evidence suggests that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of dopamine (DA) transmission and psychostimulant action. Several selective TAAR1 agonists have previously shown efficacy in models of cocaine addiction. However, the effects of TAAR1 activation on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behaviours are less well understood, as indeed are the underlying neurochemical mechanisms mediating potential interactions between TAAR1 and METH. Here, in a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement the partial TAAR1 agonist, RO5263397, reduced the break-point for METH self-administration, while significantly increasing responding maintained by food reward. Following self-administration and extinction training, RO5263397 completely blocked METH-primed reinstatement of METH seeking. Moreover, when used as a substitute, unlike a low dose of METH, which sustained vigorous responding when substituting for the training dose of METH, RO5263397 was not self

Agitation reported in nearly 50% of patients with Alzheimer's disease FDA Fast Track designation previously received for AXS-05 for Alzheimer's disease agitation. Second indication for AXS-05 in late-stage clinical trials. NEW YORK, July 17, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ:AXSM), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for the management of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, enrolled the first patient in the ADVANCE-1 (Addressing Dementia Via Agitation-Centered Evaluation 1) study, a Phase 2/3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of AXS-05 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) agitation. AXS-05 is a combination of dextromethorphan (an NMDA receptor antagonist, sigma-1 receptor agonist, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) and bupropion (a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which also increases the bioavailability of dextromethorphan).. "Agitation is one of the most distressing and ...

STATESVILLE, N.C. - U.S. District Judge Richard L. Voorhees handed down yesterday lengthy prison terms to three individuals involved in a crack cocaine conspiracy, announced Jill Westmoreland Rose, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of North Carolina. John Fitzgerald "Pumpy" Michaux, 31, of Hickory, N.C., and Terron Juandre "Wordle" Michaux, 29, of Lenoir, N.C. were each sentenced to 168 months in prison followed by five years of supervised release. Jeremy "Tank" Dula, 28, of Lenoir, was sentenced to 80 months in prison and four years of supervised release for his role in the conspiracy. According to court records and yesterday's sentencing proceedings, beginning in 2013 and through September 2015 in Caldwell County and elsewhere, the three defendants engaged in a drug trafficking conspiracy involving more than five kilograms of crack cocaine. Court records show that over the course of the investigation, law enforcement seized approximately 400 grams of crack cocaine, three firearms, and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Perinatal cocaine exposure alters sigma binding site density in the placenta. AU - Flynn, D. D.. AU - Sanchez-Ramos, L.. AU - Mash, D. C.. PY - 1993/1/1. Y1 - 1993/1/1. N2 - Fetal cocaine exposure in utero leads to direct neurotoxic effects and indirect consequences secondary to intrauterine growth retardation. Regulation of hormone and neurotransmitter receptors in the placenta by cocaine may contribute to the spectrum of adverse effects associated with cocaine use during pregnancy. Previous studies have demonstrated that, in addition to blocking the reuptake of catecholamines, cocaine binds to the putative sigma receptor in brain and peripheral tissues. We report here the identification of a sigma recognition site in the human placenta that has pharmacological characteristics similar to the neural sigma binding site. Placental tissues were obtained from pregnant women that were matched on maternal demographic characteristics. Cocaine exposure was confirmed by toxicology screens ...

Tobacco products are some of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs worldwide. Besides nicotine, alkaloids in tobacco include cotinine, myosmine, and anatabine. Scientific investigation of these constituents and their contribution to tobacco dependence is less well developed than for nicotine. The present study evaluated the nucleus accumbens dopamine-releasing properties and rewarding and/or aversive properties of nicotine (0.2-0.8mg/kg), cotinine (0.5-5.0mg/kg), anatabine (0.5-5.0mg/kg), and myosmine (5.0-20.0mg/kg) through in vivo microdialysis and place conditioning, respectively, in adult and adolescent male rats. Nicotine increased dopamine release at both ages, and anatabine and myosmine increased dopamine release in adults, but not adolescents. The dopamine release results were not related to place conditioning, as nicotine and cotinine had no effect on place conditioning, whereas anatabine and myosmine produced aversion in both ages. While the nucleus accumbens shell is hypothesized to play

5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1BRs) modulate behavioral effects of cocaine. Here we examined the effects of the 5-HT1BR agonist CP94253 on spontaneous and cocaine-induced locomotion and on cocaine-primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice given daily repeated injections of either saline or cocaine (15 mg/kg, IP) for 20 days. In the locomotor activity experiment, testing occurred both 1 and 20 days after the final injection. In the CPP experiment, mice underwent conditioning procedures while receiving the last of their daily injections, which were given either during or ≥2 h after CPP procedures. The CPP procedural timeline consisted of baseline preference testing (days 12-13 of the chronic regimen), conditioning (days 14-19, 2 daily 30-min sessions separated by 5 h), CPP test (day 21), extinction (days 22-34; no injections), CPP extinction test (day 35; no injections), and reinstatement test (day 36). Mice that had not extinguished received additional extinction sessions prior to

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Autonomous and Non-autonomous Defects Underlie Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in BRAF-Mutant hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. AU - Josowitz, Rebecca. AU - Mulero-Navarro, Sonia. AU - Rodriguez, Nelson A.. AU - Falce, Christine. AU - Cohen, Ninette. AU - Ullian, Erik M.. AU - Weiss, Lauren A.. AU - Rauen, Katherine A. AU - Sobie, Eric A.. AU - Gelb, Bruce D.. PY - 2016/9/13. Y1 - 2016/9/13. N2 - Germline mutations in BRAF cause cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), whereby 40% of patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). As the role of the RAS/MAPK pathway in HCM pathogenesis is unclear, we generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model for CFCS from three patients with activating BRAF mutations. By cell sorting for SIRPα and CD90, we generated a method to examine hiPSC-derived cell type-specific phenotypes and cellular interactions underpinning HCM. BRAF-mutant SIRPα+/CD90− cardiomyocytes displayed cellular hypertrophy, pro-hypertrophic gene expression, ...

This project will evaluate an HBV vaccination program as a model for future HIV vaccine efficacy trials in a community-based study of drug users. Two components will be analyzed in an effort to increase vaccine acceptance/adherence - behavioral intervention & an accelerated vaccine schedule. The study also will examine the effect of these variables on risk behaviors and incidence of HIV, HBV, & HCV infections. To accomplish these objectives, we propose a randomized behavioral intervention field trial. We will enroll 1600 current cocaine or heroin users negative for HBV & HIV markers from two closely matched, low-income, high drug endemic communities in Houston. All participants will be offered HBV vaccination and follow-up viral testing. One community will be randomly assigned to receive an outreach behavioral intervention designed to increase vaccine awareness and vaccine compliance. The other community will receive standard care. Participants electing to be vaccinated will be randomized to ...

Figure 4 (A) Fracture energy of viscoelastic materials determined from tearing and peeling tests in a viscoelastic elastomer, where R is the crack propagation velocity and aT is the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) time-temperature shift factor of viscoelasticity (image from [15]). (B) Illustration of the viscoelastic trumpet model consisting of a hard solid region at crack tip, a soft solid region far away from crack tip and a "liquid" zone in between where viscoelastic dissipation occurs (image from [16]). (C) Comparison between computational predictions and experimental results for crack propagation in a tough hydrogel (image from [18]).. Fatigue fracture. Fatigue fracture refers to crack growth under prolonged loading cycles with relatively low amplitudes. Understanding fatigue fracture in soft materials is of central importance to the reliability analysis of emerging soft material based robotic, electronic and biomedical devices. In comparison to fracture behaviors under monotonic loading, ...