TY - JOUR. T1 - Whole-genome tiling array analysis of Mycobacterium leprae RNA Reveals High Expression of Pseudogenes and Noncoding Regions. AU - Akama, Takeshi. AU - Suzuki, Koichi. AU - Tanigawa, Kazunari. AU - Kawashima, Akira. AU - Wu, Huhehasi. AU - Nakata, Noboru. AU - Osana, Yasunori. AU - Sakakibara, Yasubumi. AU - Ishii, Norihisa. PY - 2009/5/1. Y1 - 2009/5/1. N2 - Whole-genome sequence analysis of Mycobacterium leprae has revealed a limited number of protein-coding genes, with half of the genome composed of pseudogenes and noncoding regions. We previously showed that some M. leprae pseudogenes are transcribed at high levels and that their expression levels change following infection. In order to clarify the RNA expression profile of the M. leprae genome, a tiling array in which overlapping 60-mer probes cover the entire 3.3-Mbp genome was designed. The array was hybridized with M. leprae RNA from the SHR/NCrj-rnu nude rat, and the results were compared to results from an open reading ...

Molecular properties of odorant compounds essential for activation of the human olfactory receptor hOR17-40 were investigated using a collection of 23 variants of its cognate ligand helional. Coupling receptor activation to an optically detectable intracellular Ca(2+) ion flux allowed dose-dependent …

The neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) gene encodes the 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, which produces superoxide anion. The NCF1 gene is located in close proximity to two highly similar, multi-exon pseudogenes at chromosome 7q11.23, corresponding to this gene record and GeneID:654816. The two pseudogenes contain a dinucleotide deletion (delta-GT) in exon 2 that results in a frameshift and truncation of the open reading frame, and neither pseudogene is likely to express a protein. Recombination events between the pseudogenes and the functional NCF1 gene can inactivate the NCF1 gene and result in chronic granulomatous disease. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

The ant Atta sexdens is widely spread in the Americas and is a pest of several crops like citrus and cane sugar. Due to the divergent aspects of the last morphological revisions, there are still doubts whether Atta sexdens is a single species or a group of cryptic species. Studies based on molecular characters are more accurate for assessing the phylogeny of populations or lineages even close. However, these studies are often hampered in their course by co-amplification of numts, which are nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial origin and that can lead to misinterpretation of phylogenetic relationships were analyzed together with its counterpart in mitochondria. Therefore, in this paper, we present two chapters, where we looked first at 100 nests of A. sexdens collected throughout the American continent in order to verify the existence of cryptic species, together with the time of divergence between them, assessing the utility of nuclear and mitochondrial markers in studies of this nature, and in ...

Pseudogenes and DNA-based diet analyses: a cautionary tale from a relatively well sampled predator-prey system - Volume 98 Issue 3 - G. Dunshea, N.B. Barros, R.S. Wells, N.J. Gales, M.A. Hindell, S.N. Jarman

Retrogenes inserted into the genome since the mouse/human divergence show a break in the human genome syntenic net alignments to the mouse genome. A break in orthology score is calculated and weighted before contributing to the final retrogene score. The break in orthology score ranges from 0-130 and it represents the portion of the genome that is missing in each species relative to the reference genome (human hg38) at the retrogene locus as defined by syntenic alignment nets. If the score is 0, there is orthologous DNA and no break in ortholog with the other species; this could be an ancient retrogene; duplicated pseudogenes may also score low because they are often generated via large segmental duplication events so the size of the pseudogene is small relative to the size of the inserted duplicated sequence. Scores greater than 100 represent cases where the retrogene alignment has no flanking alignment resulting from an ancient insertion or other complex rearrangement. Breaks in orthology with ...

MGI protein superfamily detail pages represent the protein classification set for a homeomorphic superfamily from the Protein Information Resource SuperFamily (PIRSF) site.. Mouse superfamily members are shown with links to their corresponding HomoloGene Classes. Note that pseudogenes are included in PIRSF families but not in orthology sets used here. You can select a given mouse superfamily member and download (or forward to NCBI BLAST) FASTA formatted protein sequences of that mouse gene and its mouse, human and rat homologs, as defined in the corresponding HomoloGene Class. The numbers of mouse, human and rat genes in the HomoloGene Class are shown. You can also Select all mouse superfamily members to obtain their protein sequences and the protein sequences for all mouse, human and rat homologs of the mouse superfamily members.. The number of protein sequences returned does not always match the numbers of homologs shown, because the same protein sequence can be associated with multiple ...

RefSeq Summary (NM_001675): This gene encodes a transcription factor that was originally identified as a widely expressed mammalian DNA binding protein that could bind a tax-responsive enhancer element in the LTR of HTLV-1. The encoded protein was also isolated and characterized as the cAMP-response element binding protein 2 (CREB-2). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of DNA-binding proteins that includes the AP-1 family of transcription factors, cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREBs) and CREB-like proteins. These transcription factors share a leucine zipper region that is involved in protein-protein interactions, located C-terminal to a stretch of basic amino acids that functions as a DNA binding domain. Two alternative transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. Two pseudogenes are located on the X chromosome at q28 in a region containing a large inverted duplication. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011 ...

The protein encoded by this gene, Aldolase A (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Aldolase A is found in the developing embryo and is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle. Aldolase A expression is repressed in adult liver, kidney and intestine and similar to aldolase C levels in brain and other nervous tissue. Aldolase A deficiency has been associated with myopathy and hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 10 ...

This gene encodes a member of the FXYD family of transmembrane proteins. This particular protein encodes phosphohippolin, which likely affects the activity of Na,K-ATPase. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10 and X. Read-through transcripts have been observed between this locus and the downstream sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma (FXYD2, GeneID 486) locus.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011 ...

The human genome contains vast numbers of sequences that have copied themselves to new genomic locations by retrotransposition. Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) is the only sequence in the human genome still capable of autonomous retrotransposition. L1 elements have contributed to the evolution of the human genome via insertional mutagenesis, pseudogene formation, sequence transduction, and recombination events (producing insertions, deletions and inversions). Currently general and L1- specific sequence databases do not reflect the true level of Full Length Human Specific L1 (FL-L1HS) variation, due to the polymorphic nature of these elements and the way the databases were compiled. Methods to identify FL-L1HS were applied to three sequence assemblies (Reference, Celera and HuRef) and the nucleotide accession database from NCBI. A non-redundant set of 533 FL-L1HS was discovered in these four sources, of which 164 resided in genes. The trace archives from Ensembl were also ...

There are 9 Pax genes in the human or mouse genomes, defined by presence of a 128 amino acid Paired domain, and of these 7 are members of the PRD homeobox class by virtue of possessing a homeobox: complete homeobox for PAX3, 4, 6 and 7; partial homeobox for PAX2, 5 and 8 (the two human Pax genes lacking a homeobox entirely are PAX1 and PAX9; these are not included in this database). In addition to these 7 homeobox-containing Pax genes, there are a further 43 PRD class genes in the human genome. These 50 genes can be divided into 31 gene families. There are also 24 human pseudogenes generated from these genes, plus an unknown number of DUX repetitive sequences (Holland et al. 2007 ...

There are 9 Pax genes in the human or mouse genomes, defined by presence of a 128 amino acid Paired domain, and of these 7 are members of the PRD homeobox class by virtue of possessing a homeobox: complete homeobox for PAX3, 4, 6 and 7; partial homeobox for PAX2, 5 and 8 (the two human Pax genes lacking a homeobox entirely are PAX1 and PAX9; these are not included in this database). In addition to these 7 homeobox-containing Pax genes, there are a further 43 PRD class genes in the human genome. These 50 genes can be divided into 31 gene families. There are also 24 human pseudogenes generated from these genes, plus an unknown number of DUX repetitive sequences (Holland et al. 2007 ...

This gene encodes a member of a small family of transcription factors that function through binding of DP interaction partner proteins. The encoded protein recognizes a specific sequence motif in DNA and interacts directly with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) to regulate the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle. Altered copy number and activity of this gene have been observed in a number of human cancers. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2 and 17. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013 ...

Lipid antigens are presented to T cells by the CD1 family of proteins. In this study, we characterize the complete dog (Canis familiaris) CD1 locus, which is located on chromosome 38. The canine locus contains eight CD1A genes (canCD1A), of which five are pseudogenes, one canCD1B, one canCD1C, one canCD1D, and one canCD1E gene. In vivo expression of canine CD1 proteins was shown for canCD1a6, canCD1a8, and canCD1b, using a panel of anti-CD1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CanCD1a6 and canCD1a8 are recognized by two distinct mAbs. Furthermore, we show differential transcription of the three canCD1A genes in canine tissues. In canine skin, the transcription level of canCD1A8 was higher than that of canCD1A6, and no transcription of canCD1A2 was detected. Based on protein modeling and protein sequence alignment, we predict that both canine CD1a proteins can bind different glycolipids in their groove. Besides differences in ectodomain structure, we observed the unique presence of three types of ...

This assay is not designed to detect deep intronic variants, balanced translocations, large inversions, mosaicism or complex genomic rearrangements. Homopolymer regions and rare polymorphisms under primer sites can affect the performance of the assay. The presence of pseudogenes can interfere with the ability to detect variants in certain genes. This assay is not intended for use in patients who have received allogeneic bone marrow transplants, as it may not reflect the germline genetic status of these patients.. This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined, by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ...

The team identified 154 pseudogenes in the zebrafish genome, a fraction of the 13,000 or so pseudogenes found in the human genome. In fact, 70% of human genes are found in zebrafish . Practically speaking they offer many advantages as research models: The understanding of several human diseases has already grown leaps and bounds because of zebrafish studies. Disruption of enhancer function has been shown to lead to abnormal gene expression and thus to disease (2-4). The genetic underpinnings of heart development in zebrafish are highly similar to that in humans, while zebrafish presents many advantages that allow for rapid screening of … This paper focuses on … Hopkins and her colleagues found that a gene called met, which is known to cause cancer, sits on a chromosome found in excess in zebrafish tumors.,Other researchers had previously observed met on a chromosome found in extra numbers in human cancer. This high degree of similarity has led to the broad use of zebrafish to study the ...

Upon further investigation, however, Ive discovered that the Ensembl database appears to be inaccurate on that point, and its not confirmed that the GULO pseudogene produces a transcript (indeed, clicking on Supporting evidence, one finds that there is No Transcript supporting evidence for this transcript). Part of the reason for this is that the GULO pseudogene lacks a canonical promoter. However, that doesnt necessarily mean this pseudogene produces no RNA transcript. Many metazoan loci possess non-canonical promoters that, moreover, can be millions of base pairs upstream of annotated exons (e.g., see Manak et al., 2006). A further complication with the proposed hypothesis is that some exons are absent from the GULO pseudogene, and its not entirely clear to me how they could be created by RNA editing. While my original hypothesis is probably incorrect with respect to this particular pseudogene, it remains possible that the human GULO pseudogene yields RNAs that perform some other ...

Complete information for MRPL45P1 gene (Pseudogene), Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L45 Pseudogene 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

Complete information for MRPS21P1 gene (Pseudogene), Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S21 Pseudogene 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium

An example of the difficulty and complexity associated with pseudogene designation is observed when viewing the CDSs Cj0522, Cj0523 and Cj0524 within C. jejuni NCTC11168. These three CDSs are represented as one whole CDS on a single frame within C. jejuni RM1221 (Cje0628). The three CDSs are large enough to be represented as individual CDSs and in C. jejuni NCTC11168 have been represented on more than one frame. The question can be asked as to whether these CDSs (which are intact in C. jejuni RM1221), represent a pseudogene in C. jejuni NCTC11168. Given the fact that in C. jejuni RM1221 these three CDSs do actually code for a product (Na/Pi-cotransporter, putative), it is more likely that they represent a pseudogene in C. jejuni NCTC11168. In this re-annotation, our intention was to carry out a full mark up of existing pseudogenes, however, the potential for a pseudogene has been noted.. The frequency and importance of pseudogene formation in microorganisms has attained added significance in ...

The entire functional NANOG gene (according to our sequencing data) and NANOGP1 are present in both the human and chimpanzee genome assemblies at orthologous chromosomal positions. In the 3 UTR of the NANOG gene, there is an Alu element, which is missing from NANOGP1 in both genomes. Therefore, the NANOGP1 unprocessed pseudogene arose through duplication of the chromosomal region containing NANOG before the human-chimpanzee (H/C) divergence and before insertion of the Alu element into the NANOG gene. Because the same Alu element is present in both the human and chimpanzee NANOG genes, its insertion must also have preceded the H/C divergence. The processed pseudogenes NANOGP2, NANOGP3, NANOGP4, NANOGP5, NANOGP6, NANOGP7, NANOGP9, and NANOGP10 lack this Alu element. They thus likely arose before its insertion and, therefore, also predate the H/C divergence. The presence of the NANOGP11 pseudogene fragment in both the human and chimpanzee genomes likewise shows that its origin preceded H/C ...

MGI protein superfamily detail pages represent the protein classification set for a homeomorphic superfamily from the Protein Information Resource SuperFamily (PIRSF) site.. Mouse superfamily members are shown with links to their corresponding HomoloGene Classes. Note that pseudogenes are included in PIRSF families but not in orthology sets used here. You can select a given mouse superfamily member and download (or forward to NCBI BLAST) FASTA formatted protein sequences of that mouse gene and its mouse, human and rat homologs, as defined in the corresponding HomoloGene Class. The numbers of mouse, human and rat genes in the HomoloGene Class are shown. You can also Select all mouse superfamily members to obtain their protein sequences and the protein sequences for all mouse, human and rat homologs of the mouse superfamily members.. The number of protein sequences returned does not always match the numbers of homologs shown, because the same protein sequence can be associated with multiple ...

Aldolase A (ALDOA, or ALDA), also known as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDOA gene on chromosome 16. The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Aldolase A is found in the developing embryo and is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle. Aldolase A expression is repressed in adult liver, kidney and intestine and similar to aldolase C levels in brain and other nervous tissue. Aldolase A deficiency has been associated with myopathy and hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] ALDOA is a homotetramer and one of the ...

BACKGROUND: Genome duplication has played a pivotal role in the evolution of many eukaryotic lineages, including the vertebrates. A relatively recent vertebrate genome duplication is that in Xenopus laevis, which resulted from the hybridization of two closely related species about 17 million years ago. However, little is known about the consequences of this duplication at the level of the genome, the epigenome, and gene expression. RESULTS: The X. laevis genome consists of two subgenomes, referred to as L (long chromosomes) and S (short chromosomes), that originated from distinct diploid progenitors. Of the parental subgenomes, S chromosomes have degraded faster than L chromosomes from the point of genome duplication until the present day. Deletions appear to have the largest effect on pseudogene formation and loss of regulatory regions. Deleted regions are enriched for long DNA repeats and the flanking regions have high alignment scores, suggesting that non-allelic homologous recombination has ...

2016 CONFERENCE AWARDS. AGTA is pleased to announce the recipients of the 2016 Conference Awards. Congratulations!. Early Career Researcher Prizes. Best Oral Presentation ($1,000) - Sam Buckberry, University of Western Australia, W.A. Characterising epigenome dynamics during the reprogramming of somatic cells to IPS Cells. Best Poster ($500) - Daniel Thomson, Garvan Institute of Medical Research. The Recycled Genome - RNA Captureseq reveals widespread expression of Human pseudogenes as chimeric gene isoforms. Student Prizes. Best Oral Presentation ($1,000) - Beth Signal, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, N.S.W ...

1) Because the use of a structure has not yet been discovered, it does not follow that none exists. Millers appeal is to a naturalistic explanation that assumes what it should be trying to prove - a kind of a naturalism of the gaps.. 2) Even if the pseudogenes have no function, that fact provides no explanation for how they arose in the first place. The simple reproduction of a pseudogene requires more than a dozen sophisticated proteins to separate, align, copy, reconfigure and reinsert nucleotides back into the DNA. Evolution provides no explanation for how such a process could have come to be.. 3) Implicitly required in Millers claim is an assumption that Intelligent Design proposes that these pseudogenes arose in the recent past. But Intelligent Design makes no such claim. The fact that a complex system shows evidence of being designed is completely devoid of any claim about when this might have taken place. ...

Amakawa R., Jing W., Ozawa K., Matsunami N., Hamaguchi Y., Matsuda F., Kawaichi M., Honjo T.. The mouse Igkjrb protein specifically binds to the immunoglobulin Jk recombination signal sequence. The IGKJRB gene is highly conserved among many species such as human, Xenopus, and Drosophila. Using cDNA fragments of the mouse Igkjrb gene, we isolated its human counterpart, IGKJRB. The human genome contains one functional IGKJRB gene and two types of processed pseudogenes. In situ chromosome hybridization analysis demonstrated that the functional gene is localized at chromosome 3q25, and the pseudogenes (IGKJRBP1 and IGKJRBP2, respectively) are located at chromosomes 9p13 and 9q13. The functional gene is composed of 13 exons spanning at least 67 kb. Three types of cDNA with different 5 sequences were isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, suggesting, the presence of three proteins. The aPCR-1 protein, which possessed the exon 1 sequence, was the counterpart of the mouse RBP-2 type protein. The ...

α-globin-like genes on chromosome 16 β-globin-like genes on chromosome α-Gene family: contains a- two genes for the α-globin chains b-The ζ-gene which is expressed. c- other globin-like genes that are not expressed (pseudogenes). α-globin-like genes on chromosome 16 β-globin-like genes on chromosome α-Gene family: contains a- two genes for the α-globin chains b-The ζ-gene which is expressed. c- other globin-like genes that are not expressed (pseudogenes). Organization of the globin genes

Study Rationale: Mutations in the GBA gene are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson s disease. This gene has a nearby pseudogene, which is a genetic material that is very similar to the original gene but does not encode a protein. Because of the presence of the pseudogene, it is often difficult to identify mutations in the gene using traditional mutation detection techniques. Furthermore, specific mutations that occur as a result of a recombination between the gene and the pseudogene are often missed by the traditional genetic methods.. Hypothesis:. By using a novel technology called targeted locus amplification (TLA) we hypothesize that we will be able to better discriminate between the gene and its pseudogene, and to identify specific recombinations between GBA and its pseudogene.. Study Design:. First, we will design the TLA methods to match the target gene, GBA, and its pseudogene, and examine if it works using random DNA samples. Then, we will examine if the method works by using DNA ...

The duplicated human embryonic α-like globin genes encode a 5′ functional zeta (ζ2) gene and a highly homologous pseudogene (ψζ1). We have identified chromosomes with a ζ2-ζ1 rather than a ζ2-ψζ1 arrangement by genomic mapping and oligonucleotide analysis. The DNA sequence of a cloned downstream ζ-like gene provides direct evidence for the conversion of a ψζ1→ζ1 gene, by a ζ2 gene. We present data suggesting that this gene conversion, which removed the only identifiable inactivating mutation in the ψζ1 gene, was an interchromosomal event. The ζ2-ζ1 arrangement is common in all eight populations studied representing a previously undescribed type of polymorphism between individuals. Stable mRNA transcripts from the converted gene are absent at 16-20 weeks of gestation when transcripts from the ζ2 gene are readily detectable. © 1985.

Monell researchers have found that as much as 30 percent of the large array of human olfactory receptor differs between any two individuals.

This gene is similar to the protein kinase, X-linked gene in the pseudoautosomal region of the X chromosome. The gene is classified as a transcribed pseudogene because it has lost a coding exon that results in all transcripts being candidates for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and unlikely to express a protein. Abnormal recombination between this gene and a related gene on chromosome X is a frequent cause of XX males and XY females. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010 ...

RBMY2EP (RNA binding motif protein Y-linked family 2 member E, pseudogene), Authors: Dessen P. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.

VENTX Full-Length MS Protein Standard (NP_055283), Labeled with [U- 13C6, 15N4]-L-Arginine and [U- 13C6, 15N2]-L-Lysine, was produced in human 293 cells (HEK293) with fully chemically defined cell culture medium to obtain incorporation efficiency at Creative-Proteomics. This gene encodes a member of the Vent family of homeodomain proteins. The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional repressor and be involved in mesodermal patterning and hemopoietic stem cell maintenance. Multiple pseudogenes exist for this gene. A transcribed pseudogene located on chromosome X may lead to antigen production in certain melanomas.

TDGF1P5 (teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 5), Authors: Dessen P. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol.

DNA Transposons. pseudogenes. However, there is also a large amount of sequence that does not fall under any known classification.. Much of this sequence may be an evolutionary artifact that serves no present-day purpose, and these regions are sometimes collectively referred to as junk DNA. There are, however, a variety of emerging indications that many sequences within are likely to function in ways that are not fully understood. Recent experiments using microarrays have revealed that a substantial fraction of non-genic DNA is in fact transcribed into RNA,[6] which leads to the possibility that the resulting transcripts may have some unknown function. Also, the evolutionary conservation across the mammalian genomes of much more sequence than can be explained by protein-coding regions indicates that many, and perhaps most, functional elements in the genome remain unknown.[7] The investigation of the vast quantity of sequence information in the human genome whose function remains unknown is ...

Also in great numbers are transposons. About a third of the genome are Gypsy-type retrotransposons. Several other classes of transposons are present also. In the end, just over a quarter (26%) of the genome is non-repetitive. While these transposons do not themselves appear to contain phytopathological genes, their presence appears to be driving expansion of some key families of such genes. Comparison of genomic scaffolds with the other two sequenced Phytophora show striking overall conservation of conserved genes, but with local rearrangements and expansion of the zones between conserved genes (Figure 1 plus S18 and S19). Continuing evolutionary activity in this space is shown by the fact that some of these genes are apparently inactivated but have only small numbers of mutations, suggesting very recent conversion to pseudogenes. A transposon polymorphism was also found -- an insertion in one haplotype which is absent in another (figure S9 ...

Homeobox genes encode DNA-binding proteins, many of which are thought to be involved in early embryonic development. Homeobox genes encode a DNA-binding domain of 60 to 63 amino acids referred to as the homeodomain. This gene is a member of the DPRX homeobox gene family. Evidence of mRNA expression has not yet been found for this gene. Multiple, related processed pseudogenes have been found which are thought to reflect expression of this gene in the germ line or embryonic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

FUNCTION: This gene encodes a scaffolding molecule that regulates the actin cytoskeleton. The protein directly interacts with filamentous actin and a variety of cell membrane proteins through multiple actin binding sites, SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region containing binding sites for SH3 domains. The cytoplasmic protein localizes to membrane ruffles, lipid rafts, and the leading edges of cells. It is implicated in dynamic actin remodeling and membrane trafficking that occurs during receptor endocytosis and cytokinesis. The mouse genome contains at least two pseudogenes located on chromosomes 9 and 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

From NCBI Gene:. This gene encodes a member of the endophilin family of Src homology 3 domain-containing proteins. The encoded protein is involved in endocytosis and may also play a role in the cell cycle. Overexpression of this gene may play a role in leukemogenesis, and the encoded protein has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia as a fusion partner of the myeloid-lymphoid leukemia protein. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arm of chromosomes 11 and 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]. From UniProt: ...

This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that is involved in growth regulation. This protein is present in pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes and may be involved in ribosome assembly and the regulation of intermediate and late steps of rRNA processing. This protein can interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the ErbB3 receptor and may contribute to transducing growth regulatory signals. This protein is also a transcriptional co-repressor of androgen receptor-regulated genes and other cell cycle regulatory genes through its interactions with histone deacetylases. This protein has been implicated in growth inhibition and the induction of differentiation of human cancer cells. Six pseudogenes, located on chromosomes 3, 6, 9, 18, 20 and X, have been identified ...

GPU=1 CUDNN=1 CUDNN_HALF=0 OPENCV=1 AVX=0 OPENMP=0 LIBSO=0 # set GPU=1 and CUDNN=1 to speedup on GPU # set CUDNN_HALF=1 to further speedup 3 x times (Mixed-precision using Tensor Cores) on GPU Tesla V100, Titan V, DGX-2 # set AVX=1 and OPENMP=1 to speedup on CPU (if error occurs then set AVX=0) DEBUG=0 ARCH= -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \ -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \ -gencode arch=compute_50,code=[sm_50,compute_50] \ -gencode arch=compute_52,code=[sm_52,compute_52] \ -gencode arch=compute_61,code=[sm_61,compute_61] OS := $(shell uname) # Tesla V100 # ARCH= -gencode arch=compute_70,code=[sm_70,compute_70] # GTX 1080, GTX 1070, GTX 1060, GTX 1050, GTX 1030, Titan Xp, Tesla P40, Tesla P4 ARCH= -gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 -gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61 # GP100/Tesla P100 � DGX-1 # ARCH= -gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 # For Jetson TX1, Tegra X1, DRIVE CX, DRIVE PX - uncomment: # ARCH= -gencode arch=compute_53,code=[sm_53,compute_53] # For Jetson Tx2 or ...

Gene target information for FAM192BP - family with sequence similarity 192, member A pseudogene (human). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.

Gene target information for LOC340089 - POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene (human). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.

In the beginning I was also advised not to use TE buffer, but now I just do it with TE and never had problems, but in theory I think that it can give problems because of the neutralizing effect of the EDTA. I know someone here that uses TE, but with a 10x diluted concentration EDTA ...

With just over 4 weeks to go to the Level 1 SFDR deadline and with clarity on Level 2 now published, ESG regulatory momentum is not slowing down.

Olfactory receptor (OR) genes were discovered more than a decade ago, when Buck and Axel observed that, in rats, certain G-protein coupled receptors are expressed exclusively in the olfactory epithelium. Subsequently, protein sequence similarity was used to identify entire OR gene repertoires of a number of mammalian species, but only in mouse were these predictions followed up by expression studies in olfactory epithelium. To rectify this, we have developed a DNA microarray that contains probes for most predicted human OR loci and used that array to examine OR gene expression profiles in olfactory epithelium tissues from three individuals. We detected expression of 437 (76%) human OR genes in these olfactory epithelia. Interestingly, we detected widespread expression of OR pseudogenes, an observation that may shed light on the mechanism of OR gene choice in the olfactory sensory neurons. To address the hypothesis that OR genes may carry out additional functions, we also characterized the expression of

Product Olfactory receptor 10K1/2 Polyclonal Antibody From Abbkine - A polyclonal antibody for detection of Olfactory receptor 10K1/2 from Human. This Olfactory receptor 10K1/2 antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Olfactory receptor 10K1/2 at AA rangle: 30-110 Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human Olfactory receptor 10K1/2 at AA rangle: 30-110; Applications tips:

This modification could also explain the Z-DEVD-FMK mouse increased resistance to Az in F. tularensis LVS. In addition, there are methylases that can confer increased resistance by targeted. modification (methylation) of a specific adenine residue of the 23S rRNA. There are some methylases that have been identified as critical virulence factors for Francisella that might carry out this modification [39]. Some methylases that are present in the genome of F. novicida are either absent or are pseudogenes/nonfunctional genes (such as FTT0010, FTT0770, FTT1430, FTT1719, and FTT1735c) in F. tularensis Temsirolimus order Schu S4, potentially contributing to the different sensitivities to Az between the strains [34]. Any potential role of these molecules in Az sensitivity or resistance in Francisella has not yet been determined. It has been suggested that Az attaches to the acidic LPS on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, allowing the drug to penetrate through the outer membrane and enter the ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 35801 (Erdman strain) has two multidrug resistance genes, and they reside on the main chromosome (not on a plasmid). Theyre shared by other members of the Mycobacterium genus, including the leprosy bacterium, M. leprae. In the latter, one of the genes in question (MLBr_2224) is a pseudogene. Its interesting to compare this pseudogene with its counterpart, Erdman_0866, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 35801. The two genes are nearly the same size: 1543 base pairs versus 1638. This is quite interesting in itself, inasmuch as most pseudogenes in M. leprae are truncated (averaging just 795 base pairs). But the comparison gets even more interesting when one does a side-by-side analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (changes to individual bases ...

OR52L1 - OR52L1 (GFP-tagged) - Human olfactory receptor, family 52, subfamily L, member 1 (OR52L1) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

This is a true palindrome (in that the reverse complement of the sequence exactly equals the sequence). It occurs precisely once (hence is not a CRISPR) in pseudogene MLBr01586, which appears to be an analog of M. tuberculosis soluble secreted antigen MPT53. The pseudogene in question, of length 489 bases, is flanked on one side by a pseudogene that appears to be an analog of a 23S rRNA methyltransferase, and on the other side by a pseudogene that is an analog of a putative integral membrane protein ...

Campylobacter jejunis flagellar locomotion is controlled by eleven chemoreceptors. Assessment of the distribution of the relevant chemoreceptor genes in the C. jejuni genomes deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database led to the identification of two previously unknown tlp genes and a tlp5 pseudogene. These two chemoreceptor genes share the same locus in the C. jejuni genome with tlp4 and tlp11, but the gene region encoding the periplasmic ligand binding domain differs significantly from other chemoreceptor genes. Hence, they were named tlp12 and tlp13.. Consequently, it was of interest to study their distribution in C. jejuni subpopulations of different clonality, and their cooccurrence with the eleven previously reported chemoreceptor genes. Therefore, the presence of all tlp genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 292 multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-typed C. jejuni isolates from different hosts.. The findings show interesting trends: ...

Interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R) also known as CD129 (Cluster of Differentiation 129) is a type I cytokine receptor. IL9R also denotes its human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that specifically mediates the biological effects of interleukin 9 (IL9). The functional IL9 receptor complex requires this protein as well as the interleukin 2 receptor, gamma (IL2RG), a common gamma subunit shared by the receptors of many different cytokines. The ligand binding of this receptor leads to the activation of various JAK kinases and STAT proteins, which connect to different biologic responses. This gene is located at the pseudoautosomal regions of X and Y chromosomes. Genetic studies suggested an association of this gene with the development of asthma. Multiple pseudogenes on chromosome 9, 10, 16, and 18 have been described. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. Interleukin-9 receptor has been shown to interact with YWHAZ. Cluster ...

Times Cited Count：50 Percentile：22.27(Biochemistry & Molecular Biology). Here we report the new features and improvements in our latest release of the H-Invitational Database, a comprehensive annotation resource for human genes and transcripts. H-InvDB, originally developed as an integrated database of the human transcriptome based on extensive annotation of large sets of fulllength cDNA (FLcDNA) clones, now provides annotation for 120 558 human mRNAs extracted from the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases (INSD), in addition to 54 978 human FLcDNAs, in the latest release H-InvDB. We mapped those human transcripts onto the human genome sequences (NCBI build 36.1) and determined 34 699 human gene clusters, which could define 34 057 protein-coding and 642 non-protein-coding loci; 858 transcribed loci overlapped with predicted pseudogenes.. ...

Hsp70 chaperones are required for key cellular processes and response to environmental changes and survival but they have not been fully characterized yet. The human hsp70-gene family has an unknown number of members (eleven counted over ten years ago); some have been described but the information is incomplete and inconsistent. A coherent body of knowledge encompassing all family components that would facilitate their study individually and as a group is lacking. Nowadays, the study of chaperone genes benefits from the availability of genome sequences and a new protocol, chaperonomics, which we applied to elucidate the human hsp70 family. We identified 47 hsp70 sequences, 17 genes and 30 pseudogenes. The genes distributed into seven evolutionarily distinct groups with distinguishable subgroups according to phylogenetic and other data, such as exon-intron and protein features. The N-terminal ATP-binding domain (ABD) was conserved at least partially in the majority of the proteins but the C-terminal

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the ...

There is a new article on the Wired website about junk DNA [One Scientists Junk Is a Creationists Treasure]. I make a very brief appearance in it, and I just want to clarify what I meant by the statement cited (Im still learning that even an hour-long interview might result in only a short blurb).. My quote is Function at the organism level is something that requires evidence. I make this statement because there are several different sorts of DNA sequences in the genome whose presence can be explained even if they do not benefit (and indeed, even if they slightly harm) the organism carrying them. Pseudogenes, satellite DNA, transposable elements (45% of our genome), and other non-coding sequences may or may not be functional - that requires evidence - and some may exist as a result of accidental duplication or even due to selection at the level of the elements themselves (by intragenomic selection). The old assumption that all non-coding DNA must be beneficial to the organism or it would ...

Gene Information This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large variable region exons are followed by a constant region containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative ...

This gene is a member of the protocadherin gamma gene cluster, one of three related clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. These gene clusters have an immunoglobulin-like organization, suggesting that a novel mechanism may be involved in their regulation and expression. The gamma gene cluster includes 22 genes divided into 3 subfamilies. Subfamily A contains 12 genes, subfamily B contains 7 genes and 2 pseudogenes, and the more distantly related subfamily C contains 3 genes. The tandem array of 22 large, variable region exons are followed by a constant region, containing 3 exons shared by all genes in the cluster. Each variable region exon encodes the extracellular region, which includes 6 cadherin ectodomains and a transmembrane region. The constant region exons encode the common cytoplasmic region. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has ...

Exon sequences are conserved, but intron sequences vary, Organization of Genetic Material Split Genes, Overlapping Genes and Pseudogenes, Genetics

From NCBI Gene:. This gene encodes an epidermal growth factor-related protein that contains a cripto, FRL-1, and cryptic domain. The encoded protein is an extracellular, membrane-bound signaling protein that plays an essential role in embryonic development and tumor growth. Mutations in this gene are associated with forebrain defects. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8, 19 and X. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]. From UniProt: ...

RBPJ Full-Length MS Protein Standard (NP_976028), Labeled with [U- 13C6, 15N4]-L-Arginine and [U- 13C6, 15N2]-L-Lysine, was produced in human 293 cells (HEK293) with fully chemically defined cell culture medium to obtain incorporation efficiency at Creative-Proteomics. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator important in the Notch signaling pathway. The encoded protein acts as a repressor when not bound to Notch proteins and an activator when bound to Notch proteins. It is thought to function by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes containing histone deacetylase or histone acetylase proteins to Notch signaling pathway genes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and several pseudogenes of this gene exist on chromosome 9.

La caseína quinasa 2, alfa 1 (EC 2.7.11.1) es una enzima codificada en humanos por el gen HGNC CSNK2A1 .[1]​[2]​ La caseína quinasa 2 es una serina/treonina quinasa que fosforila proteínas ácidas como la caseína. Esta proteína se dispone en forma de tetrámero y se compone de una subunidad alfa, una alfa prima y dos subunidades beta. La subunidad alfa contiene el sitio de actividad catalítica mientras que la subunidad beta se encarga de la autofosforilación. El gen CSNK2A1 codifica la subunidad alfa de este complejo y se localiza en el cromosoma 20, aunque se han descrito pseudogenes relacionados en el cromosoma 11. Se han encontrado tres variantes transcripcionales del gen que codifican dos isoformas diferentes de la proteína.[3]​ ...

The worlds first wiki where authorship really matters. Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts.

The worlds first wiki where authorship really matters. Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts.

Mollereau C et. al. (1993) The high-affinity interleukin 8 receptor gene (IL8RA) maps to the 2q33-q36 region of the human genome: cloning of a pseudogene (IL8RBP) for the low-affinity receptor.. [^] ...

ESG at Top 1% Leading Employers in Germany, ESG again top4women in 2019, opening of an ESG MOBILITY office in Ingolstadt and many more exciting articles ...

Plasmid pcDNA3-FLAG MKRN1 S109D from Dr. Jaewhan Songs lab contains the insert MKRN1 and is published in Nat Commun. 2015 Jul 17;6:7769. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8769. This plasmid is available through Addgene.

This year has seen record levels of investment into sustainable and responsible investment. The same can be said for the year previous and the year before that. ESG investing is an undeniable and perpetual growth story which is not slowing down and is exp...

购买NCF1兔多克隆抗体(ab111855)，NCF1抗体，可与人样本反应。1篇文献引用，1个独立用户反馈。产品出库一年都在质保范围内。中国现货速达。