In Arabidopsis the plasma membrane nitrate transceptor (transporter/receptor) NRT1.1 governs many physiological and developmental responses to nitrate. Alongside facilitating nitrate uptake, NRT1.1 regulates the expression levels of many nitrate assimilation pathway genes, modulates root system architecture, relieves seed dormancy and protects plants from ammonium toxicity. Here, we assess the functional and phenotypic consequences of point mutations in two key residues of NRT1.1 (P492 and T101). We show that the point mutations differentially affect several of the NRT1.1-dependent responses to nitrate, namely the repression of lateral root development at low nitrate concentrations, and the short-term upregulation of the nitrate-uptake gene NRT2.1, and its longer-term downregulation, at high nitrate concentrations. We also show that these mutations have differential effects on genome-wide gene expression. Our findings indicate that NRT1.1 activates four separate signalling mechanisms, which have ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A specific variant of the PHR1 binding site is highly enriched in the Arabidopsis phosphate-responsive phospholipase DZ2 coexpression network. AU - Acevedo-Hernández, Gustavo. AU - Oropeza-Aburto, Araceli. AU - Herrera-Estrella, Luis. PY - 2012/8. Y1 - 2012/8. N2 - PLDZ2 is a member of the Arabidopsis phospholipase D gene family that is induced in both shoot and root in response to phosphate (Pi) starvation. recently, through deletion and gain-of-function analyses of the PLDZ2 promoter, we identified a 65 bp region (denominated enhancer EZ2) capable of conferring tissue-specific and low-Pi responses to a minimal inactive promoter. The EZ2 element contains two P1BS motifs, each of which is the binding site for Phr1 and related transcription factors. This structural organization is evolutionarily conserved in orthologous promoters within the rosid clade. To determine whether EZ2 is significantly over-represented in Arabidopsis genes coexpressed with PLDZ2, we constructed a PLDZ2 ...
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Differentially phosphorylated forms of the Pho4 transcription factor regulate distinct sets of target genes, thereby mediating specific responses to environmental conditions.
C-reactive protein (CRP); an acute-phase protein, serves as a marker for inflammation in laboratory diagnostics. CRP-levels rise in response to inflammation. ...
The histone deacetylase Rpd3p functions as a transcriptional repressor of a diverse set of genes, including PHO5. Here we describe a novel role for RPD3 in the regulation of phosphate transporter Pho84p retention in the cytoplasmic membrane. We show that under repressing conditions (with P(i)), PHO5 expression is increased in a pho4Delta rpd3Delta strain, demonstrating PHO regulatory pathway independence. However, the effect of RPD3 disruption on PHO5 activation kinetics is dependent on the PHO regulatory pathway. Upon switching to activating conditions (without P(i)), PHO5 transcripts accumulated more rapidly in rpd3Delta cells. This more rapid response correlates with a defect in phosphate uptake due to premature recycling of Pho84p, the high-affinity H+/PO4(3-) symporter. Thus, RPD3 also participates in PHO5 regulation through a previously unidentified effect on maintenance of high-affinity phosphate uptake during phosphate starvation. We propose that Rpd3p has a negative role in the ...
Na+-dependent system A-like transporter, System A2 or ATA2 (transports neutral amino acids with decreasing affinity in the order: MeAIB, Ala, Gly, Ser, Pro, Met, Asn, Gln, Thr, Leu and Phe). The neuronal system A2 has been reported to transport Asn and Gln with higher affinity than for other neutral amino acids. [ATA2 is stored in the Golgi network and released by insulin stimulus in adipocytes (Hatanaka et al., 2006a).] Its levels are regulated by ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4-2, which causes endocytotic sequestration and proteosomal degradation (Hatanaka et al., 2006b). SNAT2 also functions as a mammalian amino acid transceptor (transporter/receptor), acting in an autoregulatory gene expression pathway (Hyde et al., 2007). It also mediates an anion leak conductance that is differentially inhibited by transported substrates (Zhang and Grewer, 2007). Also transports homocysteine (Tsitsiou et al., 2009 ...
The ProTide approach was developed by McGuigan et al. as a method to improve the biological activity of poorly active nucleoside analogues by kinase bypass in which lipophilic nucleotide pro-drugs act as intracellular phosphate delivery motifs and achieve the generation of free nucleotides by nucleoside kinase-independent means. The activation of phosphoramidates is considered to be based upon two enzymatic cleavages: the hydrolysis of the amino acid ester moiety as the trigger of the process, and the Psingle bondN bond cleavage as the final step that would release the corresponding nucleoside analogue monophosphate. The latter step is carried out by an enzyme with phosphoramidase activity and it has been proposed that the protein responsible of the cleavage of the Psingle bondN bond belongs to the HINT family: adenosine monophosphoramidates AMP-NH2, AMP-N-ɛ-(N-α-acetyl lysine methyl ester) and AMP-para-nitroaniline were identified as rabbit Hint and yeast Hint1 substrates. Notably, ...
When Bill McDonough rides the commuter rail into Boston, a 40-minute trip from Hanson, the 55-year-old often offers his seat to others - even younger passengers. Super polite? No. Hes part of an anti-sitting movement thats gaining followers as evidence continues to build that what was once considered a benign pastime can actually shorten your lifespan and lead to some debilitating problems.
Hyperphosphatemia, that is, an abnormally high serum phosphate level, can result from increased phosphate (PO4) intake, decreased phosphate excretion, or a disorder that shifts intracellular phosphate to extracellular space. (See Pathophysiology, Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Workup.
1PC3: Crystal structure of M tuberculosis ABC phosphate transport receptor: specificity and charge compensation dominated by ion-dipole interactions.
C - Tilt: 14° - Segments: 1( 38- 59), 2( 72- 95), 3( 106- 123), 4( 131- 151), 5( 170- 195), 6( 208- 227), 7( 310- 339), 8( 357- 380), 9( 385- 405), 10( 413- 438), 11( 451- 470), 12( 480- 498 ...
Growth experiments showed no difference between wild-type and pitA mutant in LBT medium or ST medium, either under phosphate-replete conditions (100 μM to 100 mM phosphate) or phosphate-limited conditions (10 μM or 50 μM phosphate) (not shown). This characteristic of the pitA mutant is markedly different from the previously created M. smegmatis mutants in the high-affinity phosphate transporters, which were unable to grow in minimal medium at 10 mM phosphate or below [13]. As mentioned above, Pit systems of Gram-negative bacteria transport a metal-phosphate complex. While no information regarding their substrate is available for Pit systems of Gram-positives, a mutant of Bacillus subtilis carrying an uncharacterized mutation in phosphate uptake was also defective in uptake of metal ions [21], suggesting an interrelation between uptake of phosphate and metals. The biological role of Pit in a bacterium with a plethora of high-affinity phosphate transporters may therefore be in uptake of ...
High-affinity phosphate transporters mediate uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from soil solution under low Pi conditions. The electrophysiological properties of any plant high-affinity Pi transporter have not been described yet. Here, we report the detailed characterization of electrophysiological properties of the barley Pi transporter, HvPHT1;1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. A very low Km value (1.9 µm) for phosphate transport was observed in HvPHT1;1, which falls within the concentration range observed for barley roots. Inward currents at negative membrane potentials were identified as nH+:Pi- (n , 1) co-transport based on simultaneous Pi radiotracer uptake, oocyte voltage clamping and pH dependence. HvPHT1;1 showed preferential selectivity for Pi and arsenate, but no transport of the other oxyanions SO42− and NO3-. In addition, HvPHT1;1 locates to the plasma membrane when expressed in onion (Allium cepa L.) epidermal cells, and is highly expressed in root segments with dense hairs. The ...
In this study, we cloned and characterized a bHLH transcription factor, OsPTF1, which is responsible for tolerance to Pi starvation in rice. Overexpression of OsPTF1 can enhance tolerance to Pi deficiency. It was reported that PHO4, which was also a bHLH protein, acts as a key regulator of PHO regulon in yeast. In Pi starvation conditions, PHO4 combines with its partner, PHO2, and induces the expression of PHO5 and PHO84, the Pi starvation-induced acid phosphatase and the high-affinity Pi transporter (Johnston and Carlson, 1992; Oshima, 1997). Microarray analysis was performed to test whether OsPTF1 regulates downstream genes as PHO4. Unexpectedly, no high-affinity phosphate transporter genes or acid phosphatase genes were found to be controlled by OsPTF1 (see supplemental data). In addition, OsPTF1 is located in the nucleus in both high- and low-Pi conditions, which is different from PHO4, which is imported into or exported out of the nucleus under Pi-sufficient or starvation conditions (Kaman ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Structure and function of the GTP binding protein Gtr1 and its role in phosphate transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AU - Lagerstedt, Jens O.. AU - Reeve, Ian. AU - Voss, John C. AU - Persson, Bengt L.. PY - 2005/1/18. Y1 - 2005/1/18. N2 - The Pho84 high-affinity phosphate permease is the primary phosphate transporter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under phosphate-limiting conditions. The soluble G protein, Gtr1, has previously been suggested to be involved in the derepressible Pho84 phosphate uptake function. This idea was based on a displayed deletion phenotype of Δgtr1 similar to the Δpho84 phenotype. As of yet, the mode of interaction has not been described. The consequences of a deletion of gtr1 on in vivo Pho84 expression, trafficking and activity, and extracellular phosphatase activity were analyzed in strains synthesizing either Pho84-green fluorescent protein or Pho84-myc chimeras. The studies revealed a delayed response in Pho84-mediated phosphate uptake and ...
Hop on to get the meaning of G3PT acronym / slang / Abbreviation. The Undefined Acronym / Slang G3PT means... AcronymsAndSlang. The G3PT acronym/abbreviation definition. The G3PT meaning is Glycerol 3 Phosphate Transporters. The definition of G3PT by AcronymAndSlang.com
Hauraki PHO is currently sitting 34th out of 35 PHOs for Smoking BA, with five weeks to go to the end of Q4. These resources have been created by Dr. John McMenamin/GP, MOH Primary Care Champion for Tobacco and include a powerpoint on having conversations during virtual consultations. Please share with the whole team.​ ...
Took my sample to the pool store and here are the results FAC 2ppm TAC 2 Salt 3100 CH 210 CYA 90 TA 120 pH 7.8 Pho 1000
2001 (English)In: Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Vol. 287, p. 837-842Article in journal (Refereed) Published ...
Pho Time is a family owned restaurant showcasing an extensive selection of authentic Vietnamese dishes. Enjoy the homey and spacious ambiance while savoring our Pho specialty, its broth cooked to perfection and tailored to satisfy both meat lovers and vegetarians.
Humorous views on interesting, bizarre and amusing articles, submitted by a community of millions of news junkies, with regular Photoshop contests.
Humorous views on interesting, bizarre and amusing articles, submitted by a community of millions of news junkies, with regular Photoshop contests.