Domain combinations containing the Carbohydrate-binding domain superfamily in Proterospongia sp. ATCC 50818 . Domain architectures illustrate each occurrence of the Carbohydrate-binding domain superfamily.
Polymerase structure: Co(III)bleomycinB2 bithiazole/C-terminal tail domain bound to d(ATTTAGTTAACTAAAT) complexed with MMLV RT catalytic fragment ( PDBid: 2R2U)
Fig. 4. Model of the C-terminal domain of RhaS bound to DNA based on the crystal structure of a MarA-DNA complex (44). (A) Front view of RhaS C-terminal domain (white) in a space-filling model with the negatively charged residues highlighted and numbered. DNA is shown in a stick model and is colored cyan. RhaS residues (in red) were defective at both the rhaBAD and therhaT promoters, while residues in orange were either not defective, were defective at only one promoter, or were not tested (D250 and D191). In this view the N-terminal subdomain of RhaS is on the left and the C-terminal subdomain is on the right. The approximate position of the −35 region of the promoter is shown as a gray bar. (B) Same as panel A, except rotated around the vertical axis by approximately 180° to give the back view (i.e., the N-terminal subdomain is on the right, and the C-terminal subdomain is on the left). (C) A model of the C-terminal region of ς70(residues 550 to 613, orange, based on the DNA-binding ...
a/b three-layered sandwichesrepeating beta-alpha units form a sandwich with a mainly parallel beta-sheet layer stacked between two alpha-helix layers ...
a/b three-layered sandwichesrepeating beta-alpha units form a sandwich with a mainly parallel beta-sheet layer stacked between two alpha-helix layers ...
Protein domains are compact regions of a proteins structure that often convey some distinct function. Domain architecture, or order of domains in a protein, is frequently considered as a fundamental level of protein functional complexity [1]. The majority of the protein repertoire is composed of multidomain proteins; two-thirds of the proteins in prokaryotes and about four-fifths eukaryotic ones have two or more domains [2]. Moreover, an organisms complexity relates much better to the number of distinct domain architectures [3] and expansion in particular domain families [4] than to the number of genes in the organism. The prevalence of proteins with more than two domains and the recurrent appearance of the same domain in non-homologues proteins show that functional domains are reused when creating new proteins. Because of this, domains have been likened to Lego bricks that can be recombined in various ways to build proteins with completely new functions [5]. Hence, one way to study evolution ...
The sterile alpha motif (SAM) is a protein interaction domain of around 70 amino acids present predominantly in the N- and C-termini of more than 60 diverse proteins that participate in signal transduction and transcriptional repression. SAM domains have been shown to homo- and hetero-oligomerize and to mediate specific protein-protein interactions. A highly conserved subclass of SAM domains is present at the intracellular C-terminus of more than 40 Eph receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in the control of axonal pathfinding upon ephrin-induced oligomerization and activation in the event of cell-cell contacts. These SAM domains appear to participate in downstream signaling events via interactions with cytosolic proteins. We determined the solution structure of the EphB2 receptor SAM domain and studied its association behavior. The structure consists of five helices forming a compact structure without binding pockets or exposed conserved aromatic residues. Concentration-dependent chemical ...
The sterile alpha motif (SAM) is a protein interaction domain of around 70 amino acids present predominantly in the N- and C-termini of more than 60 diverse proteins that participate in signal transduction and transcriptional repression. SAM domains have been shown to homo- and hetero-oligomerize and to mediate specific protein-protein interactions. A highly conserved subclass of SAM domains is present at the intracellular C-terminus of more than 40 Eph receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in the control of axonal pathfinding upon ephrin-induced oligomerization and activation in the event of cell-cell contacts. These SAM domains appear to participate in downstream signaling events via interactions with cytosolic proteins. We determined the solution structure of the EphB2 receptor SAM domain and studied its association behavior. The structure consists of five helices forming a compact structure without binding pockets or exposed conserved aromatic residues. Concentration-dependent chemical ...
The SCOP classification for the Signal peptide-binding domain superfamily including the families contained in it. Additional information provided includes InterPro annotation (if available), Functional annotation, and SUPERFAMILY links to genome assignments, alignments, domain combinations, taxonomic visualisation and hidden Markov model information.
(2004) Luoni et al. FEBS Letters. Type IIB Ca2+-ATPases have a terminal auto-inhibitory, domain the action of which is suppressed by calmodulin (CaM) binding. Here, we show that a peptide (6His-1M-I116) corresponding to the first 116 aminoacids (aa) of At-ACA8, the first cloned isoform of Arabido...
Shop KH homology domain-containing protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and KH homology domain-containing protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
cd05046 (PSSM ID: 133178): Conserved Protein Domain Family PTK_CCK4, CCK4, also called protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), is an orphan receptor PTK (RTK) containing an extracellular region with seven immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular inactive pseudokinase domain, which shows similarity to tyr kinases but lacks crucial residues for catalytic activity and ATP binding
cd07076 (PSSM ID: 132761): Conserved Protein Domain Family NR_LBD_GR, The ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR): GR is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily
CSF1R protein domain and mutation schematic. Schematic diagram of the protein domain structure of CSF1R with amino acid numbers provided. Mutations previously r
The selected domain combination is the occurrence of the following superfamily domains in N- to C-Terminal order:. 49899 - Concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases ...
We are about the release a new version of a website for one of our clients.. His current website is on www.domain.be, the new domain with a complete different structure is located on www.newdomain.be. So now we need to redirect traffic for the old one to the new one.. Is it best practise to redirect everything to the home page on the new domain or do we need to redirect each page to the correct page on the new domain?. ...
.cc domain names are short and easy to remember. Join the global community that markets their ideas and organizations with dotcc domain names.
.cc domain names are short and easy to remember. Join the global community that markets their ideas and organizations with dotcc domain names.
Shop Forkhead-associated domain-containing protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Forkhead-associated domain-containing protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
Domain architectures containing both Dcp2 domain-like and Nudix in all archaea. Links to architectures containing these domain pairs in other groups of genomes are provided. Domain pairs which are not adjacent can be added/removed.
Transmembrane domain architecture, symmetry and coupling to LBDa, View of the TMD parallel to the membrane. GluN1 subunits are blue and the GluN2B subunits are
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Methods for producing and identifying fragments of proteins, and more particularly to methods for generating and identifying soluble protein domains are disclosed based on a method for generating a li
Tuning the Flexibility of Glycine-Serine Linkers ToAllow Rational Design of Multidomain Proteins Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00902 More...
People Era Consulting is an emerging recruitment firm providing end to end Talent Solutions to multifarious industrial segments across the country. Our focus has always been on providing a pool of potential and validated candidates across the level i.e. Senior, Middle and Junior management. We operate through domain specialist providing high quality permanent hiring services.. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Etk/Bmx, a tyrosine kinase with a pleckstrin-homology domain, is an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and is involved in interleukin 6- induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. AU - Qiu, Y.. AU - Robinson, D.. AU - Pretlow, T. G.. AU - Kung, H. J.. PY - 1998/3/31. Y1 - 1998/3/31. N2 - Etk/Bmx is the newest member of Btk tyrosine kinase family that contains a pleckstrin homology domain, an src homology 3 domain, an src homology 2 domain, and a catalytic domain. Unlike other members of the Btk family kinases, which are mostly hemopoietic cell-specific, Etk/Bmx is preferentially expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells. We first identified this kinase in prostate cancer [Robinson, D., He, F, Pretlow, T. and Kung, H. J. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5958-5962). Here we report that Etk is engaged in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway and plays a pivotal role in interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling in a prostate cancer cell line, ...
Homer protein homolog 1 or Homer1 is a neuronal protein that in humans is encoded by the HOMER1 gene. Other names are Vesl and PSD-Zip45. Homer1 protein has an N-terminal EVH1 domain, involved in protein interaction, and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain involved in self association. It consists of two major splice variants, short-form (Homer1a) and long-form (Homer1b and c). Homer1a has only EVH1 domain and is monomeric while Homer1b and 1c have both EVH1 and coiled-coil domains and are tetrameric. The coiled-coil can be further separated into N-terminal half and C-terminal half. The N-terminal half of the coiled-coil domain is predicted to be a parallel dimer while the C-terminus half is a hybrid of dimeric and anti-parallel tetrameric coiled-coil. As a whole, long Homer is predicted to have a dumbbell-like structure where two pairs of EVH1 domains are located on two sides of long (~50 nm) coiled-coil domain. Mammals have Homer2 and Homer3, in addition to Homer1, which have similar domain ...
The SCOP classification for the Heat shock protein 70kD (HSP70), peptide-binding domain superfamily including the families contained in it. Additional information provided includes InterPro annotation (if available), Functional annotation, and SUPERFAMILY links to genome assignments, alignments, domain combinations, taxonomic visualisation and hidden Markov model information.
In the accompanying paper (Nagy, Szláma, Szarka, Trexler, Bányai, Patthy, Reassessing Domain Architecture Evolution of Metazoan Proteins: Major Impact of Gene Prediction Errors) we showed that in the case of UniProtKB/TrEMBL, RefSeq, EnsEMBL and NCBIs GNOMON predicted protein sequences of Metazoan species the contribution of erroneous (incomplete, abnormal, mispredicted) sequences to domain architecture (DA) differences of orthologous proteins might be greater than those of true gene rearrangements. Based on these findings, we suggest that earlier genome-scale studies based on comparison of predicted (frequently mispredicted) protein sequences may have led to some erroneous conclusions about the evolution of novel domain architectures of multidomain proteins. In this manuscript we examine the impact of confusing paralogous and epaktologous multidomain proteins (i.e., those that are related only through the independent acquisition of the same domain types) on conclusions drawn about DA evolution of
Monotopic proteins represent a specialized group of membrane proteins in that they are engaged in biochemical events taking place at the membrane interface. In particular, the monotopic lipid-synthesizing enzymes are able to synthesize amphiphilic lipid products by catalyzing two biochemically distinct molecules (substrates) at the membrane interface. Thus, from an evolutionary point of view, anchoring into the membrane interface enables monotopic enzymes to confer sensitivity to a changing environment by regulating their activities in the lipid biosynthetic pathways in order to maintain a certain membrane homeostasis. We are focused on a plant lipid-synthesizing enzyme DGD2 involved in phosphate shortage stress, and analyzed the potentially important lipid anchoring segments of it, by a set of biochemical and biophysical approaches. A mechanism was proposed to explain how DGD2 adjusts its activity to maintain a proper membrane. In addition, a multivariate-based bioinformatics approach was used ...
Ras is a small GTPase, controlling signal transduction pathways and promoting cell proliferation and survival. KRAS is frequently mutated in cancer. Ras consists of highly homologous catalytic domains and flexible C-terminal hypervariable regions (HVRs) that differ significantly across Ras isoforms. Recent NMR and MD simulations discovered that the HVR of K-Ras4B-GDP extensively interacts with the catalytic domain. However, it weakly interacts with the catalytic domain in the GTP-bound state. Here, using MD simulations we modeled K-Ras4B membrane interaction and dimerization. On the membrane, the catalytic domain takes on multiple orientations, including perpendicular and parallel alignments of the allosteric helices with respect to the membrane normal. In the autoinhibited state, the HVR is sandwiched between the effector lobe and the membrane; in the active state, with the farnesyl anchored into the membrane and the HVR unrestrained, the catalytic domain fluctuates reinlessly, exposing its ...
The SCOP classification for the Zn2/Cys6 DNA-binding domain superfamily including the families contained in it. Additional information provided includes InterPro annotation (if available), Functional annotation, and SUPERFAMILY links to genome assignments, alignments, domain combinations, taxonomic visualisation and hidden Markov model information.
Alpha-helical transmembrane proteins constitute about 20% of all proteins encoded by most genomes (Krogh et al. 2001) and are responsible for several vital processes in the cell. In addition, the medical importance of membrane bound receptors, channels, and pumps as targets for drugs is well established. Still, for the large majority of membrane proteins, the structure or even the topology, i.e., the positions and in/out-orientations of all transmembrane helices, is not known experimentally. The continuously growing amount of sequence data, in combination with the limited amount of structural data available, highlight the need for better and more accurate theoretical structure prediction methods, particularly for the annotation of membrane proteins. ,br,,br, Protein domains are modular, independently evolving, and structurally similar amino acid segments, which may exist alone in single-domain proteins, or may combine to form multi-domain proteins. Although covalent combinations between ...
immune Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors 220036-08-8 supplier, Rabbit Polyclonal to SP3/4 Herb intracellular immune receptors comprise a large number of multi-domain proteins resembling animal NOD-like receptors (NLRs). show unique functions for the nuclear and cytoplasmic MLA10 pools in disease resistance and cell death signaling and provide evidence for a model uncoupling MLA10 cell death signaling from its disease resistance activity. Our results suggest that herb immune receptors integrate signals from multiple sub-cellular storage compartments to organize effective immune responses against pathogen attack. Introduction Plants defend themselves against pathogens by mounting effective, spatiotemporally fine-tuned immune responses. Two major types of immune receptors are responsible for pathogen acknowledgement and subsequent defense induction [1]. One class comprises membrane-localized pattern acknowledgement receptors that launch PAMP/MAMP-triggered immunity (PTI/MTI) upon detection of ...
Many putative downstream effectors of the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac contain a GTPase binding domain (GBD), also called p21 binding domain (PBD), which has been shown to specifically bind the GTP bound form of Cdc42 or Rac, with a preference for Cdc42 [1,2]. The most conserved region of GBD/PBD domains is the N-terminal Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif (CRIB), which consists of about 16 amino acids with the consensus sequence I-S-x-P-x(2,4)-F-x-H-x(2)-H-V-G [3]. Although the CRIB motif is necessary for the binding to Cdc42 and Rac, it is not sufficient to give high-affinity binding [4,5]. A less well conserved inhibitory switch (IS) domain responsible for maintaining the proteins in a basal (autoinhibited) state is located C-terminaly of the CRIB-motif [6,7,8]. GBD domains can adopt related but distinct folds depending on context. Although GBD domains are largely unstructured in the free state, the IS domain forms an N-terminal β hairpin that immediately follows the conserved CRIB motif and ...
An R object that contains domain superfamily information for Rat Entrez Genes. This data is prepared based on SUPERFAMILY database, which provides SCOP domain architecture assignments to all completely sequenced genomes including eukaryotic genomes. The domain architecture for an Entrez gene is the protein product with the longest length of amino acids. Thus, domain superfamily information for Rat Entrez gene is a list of domain superfamilies (excluding unknown gap) appearing in its domain architecture.. ...
Journal Article: Structures of the Sgt2/SGTA Dimerization Domain with the Get5/UBL4A UBL Domain Reveal an Interaction that Forms a Conserved Dynamic Interface ...
Inflammation, regardless of whether it is provoked by infection or by tissue damage, starts with the activation of macrophages which initiate a cascade of inflammatory responses by producing the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (ref. 1). Three naturally occurring ligands for the IL-1 receptor (IL1R) exist: the agonists IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and the IL-1-receptor antagonist IL1RA (ref. 2). IL-1 is the only cytokine for which a naturally occurring antagonist is known. Here we describe the crystal structure at 2.7 A resolution of the soluble extracellular part of type-I IL1R complexed with IL1RA. The receptor consists of three immunoglobulin-like domains. Domains 1 and 2 are tightly linked, but domain three is completely separate and connected by a flexible linker. Residues of all three domains contact the antagonist and include the five critical IL1RA residues which were identified by site-directed mutagenesis. A region that is important for biological function in ...
definition of ILKBP, what does ILKBP mean?, meaning of ILKBP, Integrin-Linked Kinase-Binding Protein, ILKBP stands for Integrin-Linked Kinase-Binding Protein
In this post, we explored the effects of domain name ownership history on an organizations SEO ranking, and how a simple check using WHOIS History Search can help users avoid related challenges.
Complete information for SVEP1 gene (Protein Coding), Sushi, Von Willebrand Factor Type A, EGF And Pentraxin Domain Containing 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
Domain modeling is an important activity in the early stages of software projects to achieve a common understanding of the problem area among project participants. Domain models describe concepts and...
Prof. Dr. Winfried Römer and his research team at the University of Freiburg have recently found that bacterial protein impairs important cellular processes
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification and aggregation of the amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain. AU - El Ayadi, Amina. AU - Stieren, Emily S.. AU - Barral, José M.. AU - Oberhauser, Andres F.. AU - Boehning, Darren. PY - 2012/8/28. Y1 - 2012/8/28. N2 - Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane protein associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). APP is characterized by a large extracellular domain and a short cytosolic domain termed the APP intracellular domain (AICD). During maturation through the secretory pathway, APP can be cleaved by proteases termed α, β, and γ-secretases1. Sequential proteolytic cleavage of APP with β and γ-secretases leads to the production of a small proteolytic peptide, termed Aβ, which is amyloidogenic and the core constituent of senile plaques. The AICD is also liberated from the membrane after secretase processing, and through interactions with Fe65 and Tip60, can translocate to the nucleus to participate in transcription ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - CT domain of CCN2/CTGF directly interacts with fibronectin and enhances cell adhesion of chondrocytes through integrin α5β1. AU - Hoshijima, Mitsuhiro. AU - Hattori, Takako. AU - Inoue, Miho. AU - Araki, Daisuke. AU - Hanagata, Hiroshi. AU - Miyauchi, Akira. AU - Takigawa, Masaharu. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006/2/20. Y1 - 2006/2/20. N2 - Searching for CCN family protein 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) interactive proteins by yeast-two-hybrid screening, we identified fibronectin 1 gene product as a major binding partner of CCN2/CTGF in the chondrosarcoma-derived chondrocytic cell line HCS-2/8. Only the CT domain of CCN2/CTGF bound directly to fibronectin (FN). CCN2/CTGF and its CT domain enhanced the adhesion of HCS-2/8 cells to FN in a dose-dependent manner. The CCN2/CTGF-enhancing effect on cell adhesion to FN was abolished by a blocking antibody against α5β1 integrin (α5β1), but not by one against anti-αvβ3 ...
How many ways protein protein interactions are regulated? - posted in Biochemistry: I wonder how many ways protein-protein interactions are regulated. I know a lot of protein protein interactions are modified by phosphorylaton or other modification. Is there other ways that mediate the protein protein interaction? Thanks!
AICD, the C-terminal tail generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), has been generating interest for its transcriptional modulatory roles. AICD has been hypothesized to have such a function as it is generated by a gamma-secretase-mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis step, analogous to the generation of Notch intracellular domain (NICD), a well-known transcriptional regulator, from Notch. The AICD/Fe65/Tip60 ternary complex has been proposed as the working transcriptional regulatory complex and some of its target genes have been reported. However, our knowledge of the functions of AICD is still limited due to difficulties in detecting and manipulating the rapidly degraded peptide. Looking at AICD transcription modulation targets from a genome-wide perspective will aid our understanding of the role of AICD tremendously. To this end, AICD chromatin binding sites were investigated from a genome-wide perspective by performing Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ...
9150PRTHomo sapiens 1Val Met Leu Lys Lys Lys Gln Tyr Thr Ser Ile His His Gly Val Val1 5 10 15Glu Val Asp Ala Ala Val Thr Pro Glu Glu Arg His Leu Ser Lys Met 20 25 30Gln Gln Asn Gly Tyr Glu Asn Pro Thr Tyr Lys Phe Phe Glu Gln Met 35 40 45Gln Asn 502134PRTHomo sapiens 2Ala Pro Lys Asn Glu Leu Val Gln Lys Phe Gln Val Tyr Tyr Leu Gly1 5 10 15Asn Val Pro Val Ala Lys Pro Val Gly Val Asp Val Ile Asn Gly Ala 20 25 30Leu Glu Ser Val Leu Ser Ser Ser Ser Arg Glu Gln Trp Thr Pro Ser 35 40 45His Val Ser Val Ala Pro Ala Thr Leu Thr Ile Leu His Gln Gln Thr 50 55 60Glu Ala Val Leu Gly Glu Cys Arg Val Arg Phe Leu Ser Phe Leu Ala65 70 75 80Val Gly Arg Asp Val His Thr Phe Ala Phe Ile Met Ala Ala Gly Pro 85 90 95Ala Ser Phe Cys Cys His Met Phe Trp Cys Glu Pro Asn Ala Ala Ser 100 105 110Leu Ser Glu Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Cys Met Leu Arg Tyr Gln Lys Cys 115 120 125Leu Asp Ala Arg Ser Gln 130325DNAArtificialPrimer APP_C50_F 3gtaccatatg gtgatgctga agaag 25432DNAArtificialPrimer APP_C50_R 4gtacaagctt ctagttctgc atctgctcaa ...
The BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain is the most conserved feature in amphiphysins from yeast to human and is also found in endophilins and nadrins. We solved the structure of the Drosophila amphiphysin BAR domain. It is a crescent-shaped dimer that binds preferentially to highly curved negatively charged membranes. With its N-terminal amphipathic helix and BAR domain (N-BAR), amphiphysin can drive membrane curvature in vitro and in vivo. The structure is similar to that of arfaptin2, which we find also binds and tubulates membranes. From this, we predict that BAR domains are in many protein families, including sorting nexins, centaurins, and oligophrenins. The universal and minimal BAR domain is a dimerization, membrane-binding, and curvature-sensing module.
The antigen-binding site of antibodies forms at the interface of their two variable domains, VH and VL, making VH-VL domain orientation a factor that codetermines antibody specificity and affinity. Preserving VH-VL domain orientation in the process of antibody engineering is important in order to re …
Eukaryotic cells have evolved an intricate system to resolve DNA damage to prevent its transmission to daughter cells. This system, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR) network, includes many proteins that detect DNA damage, promote repair, and coordinate progression through the cell cycle. Because defects in this network can lead to cancer, this network constitutes a barrier against tumorigenesis. The modular BRCA1 carboxyl-terminal (BRCT) domain is frequently present in proteins involved in the DDR, can exist either as an individual domain or as tandem domains (tBRCT), and can bind phosphorylated peptides. We performed a systematic analysis of protein-protein interactions involving tBRCT in the DDR by combining literature curation, yeast two-hybrid screens, and tandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry. We identified 23 proteins containing conserved BRCT domains and generated a human protein-protein interaction network for seven proteins with tBRCT. This study ...
Interplay between cellular membranes and their peripheral proteins drives many processes in eukaryotic cells. Proteins of the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain family, in particular, play a role in cellular morphogenesis, for example curving planar membranes into tubular membranes. However, it is still unclear how F-BAR domain proteins act on membranes. Electron microscopy revealed that, …
A recent study showed that the globular tail of Myo4p is not required for the localization of GFP-MS2-tethered particles to the bud and for the inheritance of ER (Bookwalter et al., 2009). This observation suggested that the globular tail might be dispensable for the localization of endogenous ASH1 mRNA and thus also for inhibition of mating type switching in the daughter cell. It further raised the question of whether the globular tail of Myo4p has any function. Here, we used an experimentally refined, globular tail-lacking Myo4p to confirm the previous findings from Bookwalter et al. (2009) (Fig. S1, A-F).. However, when analyzing mother cell-specific expression of the HO endonuclease in cells expressing a globular tail-lacking Myo4p fragment, we found that this process is impaired (Fig. 2, A and B). The subsequent analysis of ASH1 mRNA localization by in situ hybridization and of Myo4p localization by immunofluorescence staining consistently showed that the globular tail is required for full ...
Protein domain superfamilies in CATH-Gene3D have been subclassified into functional families (or FunFams), which are groups of protein sequences and structures with a high probability of sharing the same function(s). Therefore, the functionally important residues in a family are also expected to be highly conserved.. Information on conserved positions in CATH-Gene3D FunFam alignments is shown through the Alignment tab of the FunFam webpages. Conservation scores have been calculated using Scorecons and columns in the alignment are coloured using a rainbow colour scheme, where the highly conserved residues are shown in red through to positions that are not conserved at all, shown in blue. The conservation scores are also mapped onto a representative protein domain structure.. To investigate putative conserved sites for your protein sequence, run a sequence search against the FunFams and click on the FunFam match Alignment page.. ...
Figure 1. Schematic Representations of the Structure of a CESA Protein and a CSC.. (A) Domain structure of a CESA. The intracellular N-terminal domain contains a Zn binding domain and a variable region and is followed by two transmembrane domains. The large cytoplasmic central catalytic domain is divided into the conserved region, which flanks the plant-specific region on both sides, the variable region(s), which includes the class-specific region, and the conserved region(s). The six subsequent transmembrane domains are followed by the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. CESA1 phosphorylations on various Ser and Thr residues are indicated (source: PhosPhAt 4.0, Zulawski et al., 2013; and references in the text). Several cysteines in the cytoplasmic loop and within the C-terminal domain that are s-acylated in CESA7 (Kumar 2016b) are depicted in pink. C, cellulose chain; CR1, conserved region 1; CR2, conserved region 2; P-CR, plant-specifc region; S, Ser; T, Thr.. (B) A schematic representation of a ...
The process by which fibronectin (FN), a soluble multidomain protein found in tissue fluids, forms insoluble fibrillar networks in the extracellular matrix is poorly understood. Cryptic sites found in FN type III domains have been hypothesized to function as nucleation points, thereby initiating fibrillogenesis. Exposure of these sites could occur upon tension-mediated mechanical rearrangement of type III domains. Here, we present the solution structures of the second type III domain of human FN ((2)FNIII), and that of an interaction complex between the first two type III domains ((1-2)FNIII). The two domains are connected through a long linker, flexible in solution. A weak but specific interdomain interaction maintains (1-2)FNIII in a closed conformation that associates weakly with the FN N-terminal 30 kDa fragment (FN30 kDa). Disruption of the interdomain interaction by amino-acid substitutions dramatically enhances association with FN30 kDa. Truncation analysis of (1-2)FNIII reveals that the
Cancer arises when genetic mutations in a cell cause abnormal growth that leads to a tumour.. Some cancer drugs exploit this to attack tumour cells by targeting proteins that are mutated from their usual form because of mutations in the genes that encode them.. However, only a fraction of all the mutations that contribute significantly to cancer have been identified.. Thomas Peterson, at the University of Maryland, and colleagues developed a new statistical analysis approach that uses genetic data from cancer patients to find cancer-causing mutations.. Unlike previous studies that focused on mutations in individual genes, the new approach addresses similar mutations shared by families of related proteins.. Specifically, the new method focuses on mutations in sub-components of proteins known as protein domains.. Even though different genes encode them, different proteins can share common protein domains.. The new strategy draws on existing knowledge of protein domain structure and function to ...
The M2 protein of the influenza A virus is a homotetrameric transmembrane proton channel implicated in several stages of the viral replication process. Each of its 97-residue monomers is known to include a transmembrane α-helix. but the structures of the N- and C-terminal domains have not yet been solved. A significant barrier to an atomic level understanding of the M2 protein is the difficulty associated with expression and purification of the full-length protein, which has primarily been studied in the form of truncated constructs covering the amphipathic helix and a short C-terminal segment. This C-terminal segment, which includes residues 46-62, has been shown for a truncated version of the protein to consist of an amphipathic helix lying on the membrane surface. Here, we present SDSL-EPR structural studies using full-length M2 constructs to examine sites 50-54 in the proposed amphipathic helix region of M2. Using power saturation data for the protein reconstituted into vesicles and CW ...
p,Domains are fundamental subunits of proteins, and while they play major roles in facilitating protein-DNA, protein-RNA and other protein-ligand interactions, a systematic assessment of their various interaction modes is still lacking. A comprehensive resource identifying positions within domains that tend to interact with nucleic acids, small molecules and other ligands would expand our knowledge of domain functionality as well as aid in detecting ligand-binding sites within structurally uncharacterized proteins. Here, we introduce an approach to identify per-domain-position interaction frequencies by aggregating protein co-complex structures by domain and ascertaining how often residues mapping to each domain position interact with ligands. We perform this domain-based analysis on ∼91000 co-complex structures, and infer positions involved in binding DNA, RNA, peptides, ions or small molecules across 4128 domains, which we refer to collectively as the InteracDome. Cross-validation testing ...
C. elegans NAB-1 protein; contains similarity to Pfam domains PF07647 (SAM domain (Sterile alpha motif)), PF00595 (PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF)), PF00536 (SAM domain (Sterile alpha motif))contains similarity to Interpro domains IPR001660 (Sterile alpha motif SAM), IPR001478 (PDZ/DHR/GLGF ...
Autotransporter of N-terminal protease passenger domain that cleaves surface-localized virulence factors. The 3-d structure is known (Oomen et al., 2004). The crystal structure of the NalP translocator domain revealed a 12 β-stranded transmembrane beta-barrel containing a central alpha-helix. The transmembrane beta-barrel is stable even in the absence of the alpha-helix. Removal of the helix results in an influx of water into the pore region, suggesting the helix acts as a plug (Khalid and Sansom 2006). The dimensions of the pore fluctuate, but the NalP monomer is sufficient for the transport of the passenger domain in an unfolded or extended conformation (Khalid and Sansom 2006). NalP is subject to phase variation (Oldfield et al. 2013). ...
Autotransporter of N-terminal protease passenger domain that cleaves surface-localized virulence factors. The 3-d structure is known (Oomen et al., 2004). The crystal structure of the NalP translocator domain revealed a 12 β-stranded transmembrane beta-barrel containing a central alpha-helix. The transmembrane beta-barrel is stable even in the absence of the alpha-helix. Removal of the helix results in an influx of water into the pore region, suggesting the helix acts as a plug (Khalid and Sansom 2006). The dimensions of the pore fluctuate, but the NalP monomer is sufficient for the transport of the passenger domain in an unfolded or extended conformation (Khalid and Sansom 2006). NalP is subject to phase variation (Oldfield et al. 2013). ...
When DArcy Wentworth Thompsons On Growth and Form was published 100 years ago, it raised the question of how biological forms arise during development and across evolution. In light of the advances in molecular and cellular biology since then, a succinct modern view of the question states: how do genes encode geometry? Our new special issue is packed with articles that use mathematical and physical approaches to gain insights into cell and tissue patterning, morphogenesis and dynamics, and that provide a physical framework to capture these processes operating across scales.. Read the Editorial by guest editors Thomas Lecuit and L. Mahadevan, as they provide a perspective on the influence of DArcy Thompsons work and an overview of the articles in this issue.. ...