Serine/threonine-protein kinase (By similarity). Phosphorylates the microtubule-associated protein MAPT/TAU (By similarity). Also phosphorylates the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and MAP4 (By similarity). Involved in regulation of the microtubule network, causing reorganization of microtubules into bundles (By similarity). Required for the initiation of axoneme extension during cilium assembly (By similarity). Regulates the centrosomal location of ODF2 and phosphorylates ODF2 in vitro (By similarity). Plays a role in cell cycle progression, specifically in the G1/S checkpoint (By similarity). Reduces neuronal cell survival (By similarity). Plays a role in energy homeostasis by regulating satiety and metabolic rate (PubMed:22992738). Promotes adipogenesis by activating JNK1 and inhibiting the p38MAPK pathway, and triggers apoptosis by activating the JNK1 pathway (PubMed:24989893). Phosphorylates mTORC1 complex member RPTOR and acts as a negative regulator of the mTORC1 complex, probably due to

Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) represent a subfamily of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family kinases. Initially named because SIK1 (the founding member of this kinase family) expression is regulated by dietary salt intake in the adrenal gland, it is now apparent that a major biological role of …

Dual Specificity Protein Kinase TTK (TTK Protein Kinase or Cancer/Testis Antigen 96 or Monopolar Spindle 1-Like 1 or EC 2.7.12.1) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 - Market research report and industry analysis - 10249099

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), known as a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified as a critical cancer suppressor in many cancer cells. It is a master upstream kinase of 13 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related protein kinases, and possesses versatile biological functions. LKB1 gene is mutated in many cancers, and its protein can form different protein complexes with different cellular localizations in various cell types. The expression of LKB1 can be regulated through epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification. LKB1 dowcnstream pathways mainly include AMPK, microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK), salt-inducible kinase (SIK), sucrose non-fermenting protein-related kinase (SNRK) and brain selective kinase (BRSK) signalings, etc. This review, therefore, mainly discusses recent studies about the expression, regulation, downstream signaling and cancer suppressive function of LKB1, which can be helpful for better understanding of this molecular and

Alcohol-mediated cancers represent more than 3.5% of cancer-related deaths, yet how alcohol promotes cancer is a major open question. Using Drosophila, we identified novel interactions between dietary ethanol and loss of tumor suppressor components of the Hippo Pathway. The Hippo Pathway suppresses tumors in flies and mammals by inactivating transcriptional co-activator Yorkie, and the spectrum of cancers associated with impaired Hippo signaling overlaps strikingly with those associated with alcohol. Therefore, our findings may implicate loss of Hippo Pathway tumor suppression in alcohol-mediated cancers. Ethanol enhanced overgrowth from loss of the expanded, hippo, or warts tumor suppressors but, surprisingly, not from over-expressing the yorkie oncogene. We propose that in parallel to Yorkie-dependent overgrowth, impairing Hippo signaling in the presence of alcohol may promote overgrowth via additional alcohol-relevant targets. We also identified interactions between alcohol and Hippo Pathway over

Ischemic injury to white matter tracts is increasingly recognized to play a key role in age-related cognitive decline, vascular dementia, and Alzheimers disease. Knowledge of the effects of ischemic axonal injury on cortical neurons is limited yet critical to identifying molecular pathways that link neurodegeneration and ischemia. Using a mouse model of subcortical white matter ischemic injury coupled with retrograde neuronal tracing, we employed magnetic affinity cell sorting with fluorescence-activated cell sorting to capture layer-specific cortical neurons and performed RNA-sequencing. With this approach, we identified a role for microtubule reorganization within stroke-injured neurons acting through the regulation of tau. We find that subcortical stroke-injured Layer 5 cortical neurons up-regulate the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase, Mark4, in response to axonal injury. Stroke-induced up-regulation of Mark4 is associated with selective remodeling of the apical dendrite after stroke and the

Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase DCLK1 (Doublecortin Domain Containing Protein 3A or Doublecortin Like And CAM Kinase Like 1 or Doublecortin Like Kinase 1 or DCLK1 or EC 2.7.11.1) - Drugs in Development, 2021 provides in depth analysis on Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase DCLK1 (Doublecortin Domain Containing Protein 3A or Doublecortin Like And CAM Kinase Like 1 or Doublecortin Like Kinase 1 or DCLK1 or EC 2.7.11.1) targeted pipeline therapeutics. The report provides comprehensive information complete with Analysis by Indications, Stage of Development, Mechanism of Action (MoA), Route of Administration (RoA) and Molecule Type. The report also covers the descriptive pharmacological action of the therapeutics, its complete research and development history and latest news and press releases. Additionally, the report provides an overview of key players involved in Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase DCLK1 (Doublecortin Domain Containing Protein 3A or Doublecortin Like And CAM Kinase Like 1 or Doublecortin ...

MARK1 - MARK1 (GFP-tagged) - Human MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 (MARK1) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Mark3 - Mark3 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (cDNA clone MGC:31426 IMAGE:4459439) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

The RAC Beta Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Market research report presents an all-inclusive study of the global RAC Beta Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase market. The report includes all the major trends and technologies performing a major role in the RAC Beta Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase market development during forecast period. The key players in the market are Almac Discovery Ltd, ArQule Inc, AstraZeneca Plc, Bayer AG, Critical Outcome Technologies Inc, Merck & Co Inc, Novartis AG. An attractiveness study has been presented for each geographic area in the report to provide a comprehensive analysis of the overall competitive scenario of the RAC Beta Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase market globally.. Apply here for the SAMPLE copy of the report @: https://www.promarketresearch.com/request-for-sample.html?repid=24915. Furthermore, the report comprises an outline of the diverse tactics used by the key players in the market. It also details the competitive scenario of the RAC Beta ...

p,Collective cell migration is emerging as a major contributor to normal development and disease. Collective movement of border cells in the Drosophila ovary requires cooperation between two distinct cell types: four to six migratory cells surrounding two immotile cells called polar cells. Polar cells secrete a cytokine, Unpaired (Upd), which activates JAK/STAT signaling in neighboring cells, stimulating their motility. Without Upd, migration fails, causing sterility. Ectopic Upd expression is sufficient to stimulate motility in otherwise immobile cells. Thus regulation of Upd is key. Here we report a limited RNAi screen for nuclear proteins required for border cell migration, which revealed that the gene encoding Tousled-like kinase (Tlk) is required in polar cells for Upd expression without affecting polar cell fate. In the absence of Tlk, fewer border cells are recruited and motility is impaired, similar to inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling. We further show that Tlk in polar cells is required ...

Strong epidemiologic evidence documents the protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk, recurrence, and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Using human exercise-conditioned serum for breast cancer cell incubation studies and murine exercise interventions, we aimed to identify exercise factors and signaling pathways involved in the exercise-dependent suppression of breast cancer. Exercise-conditioned serum from both women with breast cancer (n = 20) and healthy women (n = 7) decreased MCF-7 (hormone-sensitive) and MDA-MB-231 (hormone-insensitive) breast cancer cell viability in vitro by 11% to 19% and reduced tumorigenesis by 50% when preincubated MCF-7 breast cancer cells were inoculated into NMRI-Foxn1nu mice. This exercise-mediated suppression of cell viability and tumor formation was completely blunted by blockade of β-adrenergic signaling in MCF-7 cells, indicating that catecholamines were the responsible exercise factors. Both epinephrine ...

Several protein kinases have been shown to be involved in spermatogenesis. Recently, a novel subfamily of serine/threonine kinases has been isolated whose expression is limited to testis. Here, we report the fifth family member, named TSSK5, which encodes a 328 amino acid protein. RT-PCR analysis sh …

Researchers from around the world met for two days in April this year in Rome, Italy, to discuss progress in the rapidly developing field of Hippo signaling, which is relevant to cancer and the control of organ size. Most of the participants presented data related to previously uncharacterized proteins that physically and functionally interact with known components of the Hippo pathway and regulate its biological output.. ...

Protein kinase B (PKB) isoforms became activated [and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) became inhibited] when mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2) or heat shock, but not when they were exposed to osmotic shock (0.5 M sorbitol or 0.7 M NaCl), chemical stress (sodium arsenite), the protein-synthesis inhibitor anisomycin, or UV radiation. In contrast, all seven stimuli activated mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAP-K2). The activation of MAPKAP-K2 was suppressed by the drug SB 203580, but not by inhibitors of phosphoinositide (phosphatidylinositide, PI) 3-kinase. In contrast, the activation of PKB isoforms and the inhibition of GSK3 by oxidative stress or heat shock were prevented by inhibitors of PI 3-kinase, but not by SB 203580. Thus the activation of PKB by oxidative stress or heat shock is mediated by PI 3-kinase and not by MAPKAP-K2. PKBα and PKBγ were also activated by heat shock and oxidative stress in human embryonic kidney ...

RAC Gamma Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase (Protein Kinase Akt 3 or Protein Kinase B Gamma or RAC PK Gamma or STK 2 or AKT3 or EC 2.7.11.1) - Pipeline Review, H2 2017 Size and Share Published in 2017-08-29 Available for US$ 3500 at Researchmoz.us

Price for Single User $ 3080 USD :: MAP Kinase Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (MAP Kinase Signal Integrating Kinase 1 or MKNK1 or EC 2.7.11.1) - Pipeline Review, H2 2016SummaryGlobal Markets Directs, MAP Kinase Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (MAP Kinase

[92 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Cyclin Dependent Kinase 9 (Tat Associated Kinase Complex Catalytic Subunit or C 2K or Cell Division Cycle 2 Like Protein Kinase 4 or Cell Division Protein Kinase 9 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase PITALR or CDK9 or EC 2.7.11.22 or EC 2.7.11.23) - Pipeli report by Global Markets Direct. Cyclin Dependent Kinase 9 (Tat Associated Kinase Complex Catalytic Subunit...

Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2, leading to their activation and further transduction of the signal within the MAPK/ERK cascade. Depending on the cellular context, this pathway mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation, predominantly through the regulation of transcription, metabolism and cytoskeletal rearrangements. One target of the MAPK/ERK cascade

Find Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase (Bub) research area related information and Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase (Bub) research products from R&D Systems. Learn more.

LATS1/LATS2 are primarily considered as central players in the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway, however they also participate in a range of other signalling pathways. (Zhao,2010). The core of the Hippo pathway consists of Hpo, Wts, Sav and Mats. Hippo (Hpo) is a Ste20 family protein kinase that complexes with the regulatory scaffold protein Salvador (Sav). The Hpo/Sav complex then phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts). Wts has an activating subunit Mats. The active Wts/Mats complex then in turn phosphorylates the transcriptional co-activators Yorkie (Yki) in flies, and YAP and TAZ in mammals. Phosphorylation of these transcriptional co-activators leads to their association with 14-3-3 family proteins, cytoplasmic retention and inactivation (Zhao,2007). In the presence of active CK1 kinase, LATS1/2 mediated phosphorylation of YAP also leads to the recruitment of the beta-TRCP SCF E3 ligase thereby triggering the subsequent proteasomal degradation of YAP (Zhao,2010). The LATS kinases prefer to ...

Author(s): Mo, Jung-Soon; Meng, Zhipeng; Kim, Young Chul; Park, Hyun Woo; Hansen, Carsten Gram; Kim, Soohyun; Lim, Dae-Sik; Guan, Kun-Liang | Abstract: YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a transcription co-activator in the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway and controls cell growth, tissue homeostasis and organ size. YAP is inhibited by the kinase Lats, which phosphorylates YAP to induce its cytoplasmic localization and proteasomal degradation. YAP induces gene expression by binding to the TEAD family transcription factors. Dysregulation of the Hippo-YAP pathway is frequently observed in human cancers. Here we show that cellular energy stress induces YAP phosphorylation, in part due to AMPK-dependent Lats activation, thereby inhibiting YAP activity. Moreover, AMPK directly phosphorylates YAP Ser 94, a residue essential for the interaction with TEAD, thus disrupting the YAP-TEAD interaction. AMPK-induced YAP inhibition can suppress oncogenic transformation of Lats-null cells with high YAP activity. Our study

[103 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Cyclin Dependent Kinase 6 (Cell Division Protein Kinase 6 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase PLSTIRE or CDK6 or EC 2.7.11.22) - Pipeline Review, H2 2017 report by Global Markets Direct. Cyclin Dependent Kinase 6 (Cell Division Protein Kinase 6 or...

MEKK3 is a conserved Ser/Thr proteins kinase belonging to the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family members. the T-cKO rodents (23). Identical phenotype in peripheral Capital t cells homeostasis was also reported by another group with individually produced T-cKO rodents (24). To understand Talampanel supplier additional the physical part of MEKK3 in Capital t cell-mediated adaptive defenses, we researched the function of T-cKO rodents had been referred to previously (23). All rodents had been on C57BD/6 history and utilized between 6 and 12 wk of age group. Our rodents had been encased in a pathogen-free pet treatment service at Meters.D. Anderson Cancers Middle (Houston, Texas) or Yale School (New Dreamland, CT). All mouse trials were approved by the Institutional Pet Use and Treatment Committees of the School of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancers Yale and Middle School. Immunization Eight-week-old rodents had been utilized for the immunization. A mix of 1 mg/ml Ovum (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and 1 ...

GT:ID BAD55749.1 GT:GENE BAD55749.1 GT:PRODUCT putative serine/threonine protein kinase GT:DATABASE GIB00210CH01 GT:ORG nfar0 GB:ACCESSION GIB00210CH01 GB:LOCATION complement(1006060..1007184) GB:FROM 1006060 GB:TO 1007184 GB:DIRECTION - GB:PRODUCT putative serine/threonine protein kinase GB:PROTEIN_ID BAD55749.1 LENGTH 374 SQ:AASEQ MIDRARPIVGPDYLVAGRYRLQSKLGGGGMGAVWLAHDRLLDRDVAIKQVLSTAGLPEAEAARIREQIMHEGRVAAKLSHEHAIAVYDVVLEAGEPWLVMEHLPSRSVARALGLVDTLPVLEVAQIGAQVADALAAAHAVGIVHRDIKPGNILVADRGPRVGFAKLSDFGISRGAGETSDEPDGIITGTPAYLPPEVARGAQPTAASDVFSLGATLYTAIEGQPPFGMDDDSDAVVQRAAMAQIIPPSRSGVLTDALLHMMEPAPQRRPTMAEARDEILTAAFGPGTASYILGAPVRTEDGTIPSWATRNGAIGLRSPHSAPLPRPHRGASAANAPAAQRARVAAPRQTNAALAVTIGLLIGLIIIIGVIVVAM GT:EXON 1,1-374:0, BL:SWS:NREP 1 BL:SWS:REP 3-,268,PKN2_CORGL,1e-26,34.0,250/469, PROS 25-,48,PS00107,PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP,PDOC00100, PROS 142-,154,PS00108,PROTEIN_KINASE_ST,PDOC00100, TM:NTM 1 TM:REGION 351-,373, SEG 124-,144,aqigaqvadalaaahavgivh, SEG 326-,347,phrgasaanapaaqrarvaapr, SEG ...

BioBlocks and Visionary Pharmaceuticals are collaborating to develop small molecule protein serine threonine kinase inhibitors, specifically serum- and

Catalytic domain of STE family Protein Kinases. Protein Kinases (PKs), STE family, catalytic (c) domain. PKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine or tyrosine residues on protein substrates. The STE family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein serine/threonine kinases (STKs), protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). This family is composed of STKs, and some dual-specificity PKs that phosphorylate both threonine and tyrosine residues of target proteins. Most members are kinases involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, acting as MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), or MAPK kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks). The MAPK signaling pathways are important mediators of cellular responses to extracellular signals. The pathways involve a triple kinase core cascade comprising of the ...

The Polo Kinase is a central regulator of cell division required for several events of mitosis and cytokinesis. In addition to a kinase domain (KD), Polo-like kinases (Plks) comprise a Polo-Box domain (PBD), which mediates protein interactions with targets and regulators of Plks. In all organisms that contain Plks, one Plk family member fulfills several essential functions in the regulation of cell division, and here we refer to this conserved protein as Polo Kinase (Plk1 in humans). The PBD and the KD are capable of both cooperation and mutual inhibition in their functions. Crystal structures of the PBD, the KD and, recently, a PBD-KD complex have helped understanding the inner workings of the Polo Kinase. In parallel, an impressive array of molecular mechanisms has been found to mediate the regulation of the protein. Moreover, the targeting of Polo Kinase in the development of anti-cancer drugs has yielded several molecules with which to chemically modulate Polo Kinase to study its biological ...

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + pro…

NDR kinases are essential for growth, cardiac development and blood vessel remodeling from about embryonic day 8 onward in mouse embryos.(A, B) Bright field ima

Global Markets Directs, MAP Kinase Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 2 (MAP Kinase Signal Integrating Kinase 2 or MKNK2 or EC

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein kinase family, which acts as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals. This protein kinase lies upstream of MAP kinases and stimulates the enzymatic activity of MAP kinases upon wide variety of extra- and intracellular signals. As an essential component of MAP kinase signal transduction pathway, this kinase is involved in many cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development ...

Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, DMPK-related cell division control protein 42 binding kinase alpha. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), DMPK-like subfamily, DMPK-related cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) binding kinase (MRCK) alpha isoform, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The DMPK-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. MRCK is activated via interaction with the small GTPase Cdc42. MRCK/Cdc42 signaling mediates myosin-dependent cell motility. MRCKalpha is expressed ubiquitously in many tissues. It plays a role in the regulation of peripheral actin reorganization and neurite outgrowth. It may also play a role in the transferrin iron uptake pathway. ...

ILK has a low basal kinase activity, which is stimulated transiently by cell-ECM interactions and by certain growth factors (Dedhar, 2000). The activity is stimulated in a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent manner and likely involves binding of the phosphoinositide phospholipid product of PI 3-kinase, PI 3,4,5-triphosphate, to the PH-like domain of ILK (Dedhar, 2000). ILK activity is regulated negatively by two phosphatases: PTEN, a tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase, which dephosphorylates PI 3,4,5-triphosphate to PI 4,5-bisphosphate, and a PP2C protein phosphatase, ILKAP (Morimoto et al., 2000; Persad et al., 2000; 2001b; Leung-Hagesteijn et al., 2001). ILK activity is activated constitutively in PTEN-null tumor cells (Persad et al., 2000, 2001b). Both PI 3,4,5-triphosphate binding and (auto)phosphorylation appear to be crucial for ILK activation, since mutations in the PH domain (Arg 211) or in the activation loop serine (ser) 343 render the kinase inactive and unable to ...

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) detect invading micro-organisms which triggers the production of pro-inflammatory mediators needed to combat infection. Although these signalling networks are required to protect the host against invading pathogens, dysregulation of TLR pathways contributes to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. Molecular mechanisms have therefore evolved to restrict the strength of TLR signalling. In the present review, I highlight recent advances in our understanding of the protein kinase networks required to suppress the innate immune response by negatively regulating TLR signalling and/or promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. I present my discoveries on the key roles of the IKK (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase)-related kinases and the SIKs (salt-inducible kinases) in limiting innate immunity within the greater context of the field.. ...

Zallen JA, Peckol EL, Tobin DM, Bargmann CI. Neuronal cell shape and neurite initiation are regulated by the Ndr kinase SAX-1, a member of the Orb6/COT-1/warts serine/threonine kinase family. Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Sep;11(9):3177-90 ...

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase contains a SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic motif. This kinase preferentially activates MAPK8/JNK kinase, and functions as a positive regulator of JNK signaling pathway. This kinase can directly phosphorylate, and activates IkappaB kinase alpha and beta, and is found to be involved in the transcription activity of NF-kappaB mediated by Rho family GTPases and CDC42. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

MP2K1_HUMAN] Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2, leading to their activation and further transduction of the signal within the MAPK/ERK cascade. Depending on the cellular context, this pathway mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation, predominantly through the regulation of transcription, metabolism and cytoskeletal rearrangements. One target of ...

Recombinant human HIPK1 (156-555) was expressed in Sf9 cells using an N-terminal GST tag. HIPK1 or homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 is a ser/thr protein kinase and a member of the HIPK family.

HEADER TRANSFERASE 31-JAN-08 3C5L TITLE POLO-LIKE KINASE 1 POLO BOX DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH PPHSPT TITLE 2 PEPTIDE COMPND MOL_ID: 1; COMPND 2 MOLECULE: SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN KINASE PLK1; COMPND 3 CHAIN: A; COMPND 4 FRAGMENT: POLO BOX 1, POLO BOX 2, UNP RESIDUES 373-593; COMPND 5 SYNONYM: POLO-LIKE KINASE 1, PLK-1, SERINE/THREONINE- COMPND 6 PROTEIN KINASE 13, STPK13; COMPND 7 EC: 2.7.11.21; COMPND 8 ENGINEERED: YES; COMPND 9 MOL_ID: 2; COMPND 10 MOLECULE: PEPTIDE; COMPND 11 CHAIN: B; COMPND 12 ENGINEERED: YES SOURCE MOL_ID: 1; SOURCE 2 ORGANISM_SCIENTIFIC: HOMO SAPIENS; SOURCE 3 ORGANISM_COMMON: HUMAN; SOURCE 4 ORGANISM_TAXID: 9606; SOURCE 5 GENE: PLK1, PLK; SOURCE 6 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM: ESCHERICHIA COLI; SOURCE 7 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_TAXID: 562; SOURCE 8 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_STRAIN: ROSETTA 2; SOURCE 9 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_VECTOR_TYPE: PLASMID; SOURCE 10 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_PLASMID: PET28A; SOURCE 11 MOL_ID: 2; SOURCE 12 SYNTHETIC: YES KEYWDS PLK1, POLO-LIKE KINASE 1, POLO BOX DOMAIN, PHOSPHOPEPTIDE, ...

RAC Gamma Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Market Forecast To 2026 | Covid-19 Impact And Global Analysis By Type, Application, And End User

Recombinant human CLK1 (129-end) was expressed by baculovirus in Sf9 insect cells using an N-terminal GST tag. CLK1, also known as STY, is a member of the CDC2-like (or LAMMER) family of dual specificity protein kinases.

ID: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1196 Type: http://bio2vec.net/ontology/gene Label: CLK2 Synonyms: CLK2, CDC like kinase 2, dual specificity protein kinase CLK2, CLK kinase Alternative IDs: als API: GO SPARQL: GO ...

Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in two sequential transesterification steps, and the protein encoded by this gene is thought to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing and in signal transduction. This protein belongs to a kinase family that includes serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinases and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This protein is regarded as a CDK-like kinase (Clk) with homology to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

This gene is the human homolog of mouse BMP-2-inducible kinase. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in skeletal development and patterning. Expression of the mouse gene is increased during BMP-2 induced differentiation and the gene product is a putative serine/threonine protein kinase containing a nuclear localization signal. Therefore, the protein encoded by this human homolog is thought to be a protein kinase with a putative regulatory role in attenuating the program of osteoblast differentiation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene ...

A-674563 is a potent and selective Akt1 inhibitor with IC50 value of 14 nM. A-67453 also inhibited PKA and Cdk2 with IC50 value of 16 nM and 46 nM. Akt, also known as protein kinase B, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role

Serine/threonine-protein kinase 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STK10 gene.[1][2] This gene encodes a member of the Ste20 family of serine/threonine protein kinases, and is similar to several known polo-like kinase kinases. The protein can associate with and phosphorylate polo-like kinase 1, and overexpression of a kinase-dead version of the protein interferes with normal cell cycle progression. The kinase can also negatively regulate interleukin 2 expression in T-cells via the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 pathway.[2] ...

The Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a critical regulator for organ size control. The serine/threonine protein kinases Mst1 and Mst2, mammalian homologs of the Hippo kinase from Drosophila, play the cent... Authors: Funiu Qin, Jing Tian, Dawang Zhou and Lanfen Chen. ...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase MK5 is a substrate of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, ERK3 and ERK4. Cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that MK5 is involved in tumour suppression and promotion, embryogenesis, anxiety, cell motility and cell cycle regulation. In the present study, homology models of MK5 were used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of: (1) MK5 alone; (2) MK5 in complex with an inhibitor; and (3) MK5 in complex with the interaction partner p38α. The calculations showed that the inhibitor occupied the active site and disrupted the intramolecular network of amino acids. However, intramolecular interactions consistent with an inactive protein kinase fold were not formed. MD with p38α showed that not only the p38 docking region, but also amino acids in the activation segment, αH helix, P-loop, regulatory phosphorylation region and the C-terminal of MK5 may be involved in forming a very stable MK5-p38α complex, and that p38α

immune Uncategorized 546141-08-6 IC50, Rabbit polyclonal to annexinA5. Cyclin-dependent kinase-like kinases (CLKs) are dual specificity protein kinases that phosphorylate Serine/Arginine-rich (SR) proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing. cases caused by the tropical disease malaria per annum [1]. During life cycle progression from humans to mosquitoes, switches between stages with high replication rates and ones arrested in their cell cycle and also passes through a phase of sexual reproduction. These rapid transformations require fine-tuned mechanisms of gene expression, and the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Rabbit polyclonal to annexinA5 in parasites has previously been highlighted [2]. These include the alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA, enabling the parasite to express functionally different protein isoforms. Two genome-wide studies implied that more than 200 AS events occur during blood stage replication of encodes four members of the CLK family, ...

Protein kinases have become central in the efforts to understand the nature of various diseases, and a lot is invested into creating effective therapeutic strategies and finding effective and selective protein kinase inhibitors. In order to succeed it is also important to focus on the structure of the kinases, their exact biological role, and how they interact and cooperate in the signaling. The exact structure of MAPKAPK5 is still unknown, and selective inhibitors are yet to be identified. Even though some of its biological roles are starting to emerge more work is required, including searching for selective inhibitors, analyzing its structure and interactions with its interaction partners. In order to analyze the structure of MAPKAPK5, homology models were generated and their ability to discriminate between binders and non-binders were analyzed. Based on the results, one model was found satisfactory and may be used as a working tool for further experimental studies and possibly structure aided ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular Basis for the Substrate Specificity of a Serine/Threonine-Specific Protein Kinase. AU - Lee, Tae Ryong. AU - Mendelow, Marianne. AU - Srinivasan, Jaya. AU - Kwon, Young Guen. AU - Lawrence, David S.. PY - 1993/11/1. Y1 - 1993/11/1. N2 - Protein kinases typically phosphorylate the aliphatic alcohols of serine/threonine residues or the aromatic alcohol of tyrosine residues but not both. We report herein the first example of aromatic alcohol phosphorylation by a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates the C-terminal aromatic alcohol in the active site-directed peptide Gly-Arg-Thr-Gly-Arg-Arg-Asn-(o-aminophenol). In contrast, corresponding peptides containing m- and p-aminophenols failed to serve as protein kinase substrates. These results indicate that the orientation of the aromatic hydroxyl group relative to the adjacent peptide backbone bond is a critical structural motif employed in substrate recognition by the enzyme. ...

Following denervation skeletal muscles change their functional and structural properties. Some changes resemble conditions in developing muscles and may be important for reinnervation. Due to inactivity following denervation most skeletal muscles loose muscle mass and become atrophic. The hemidiaphragm muscle, however, undergoes a phase of transient hypertrophy following denervation, gaining weight during the first 6-10 days followed by a decrease in weight. In this thesis the expression (mRNA, protein and protein phosphorylations) of potential factors involved in the regulation of muscle mass were examined in denervated hind-limb and hemidiaphragm muscles.. NIFK is a protein that associates with Ki67, a protein expressed predominantly in proliferating cells. The mRNA expression of NIFK was upregulated in denervated atrophic muscles but unaltered in denervated hypertrophic muscles, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass (Paper I). p38 MAPK has previously been ...

(2005) Del Carratore et al. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research. Human myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), the product of the myotonic dystrophy (DM) locus, is a member of a novel class of multidomain serine-threonine protein kinases, which interacts with members of the ...

The metabolic programs of functionally distinct T cell subsets are tailored to their immunologic activities. While quiescent T cells use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production, and effector T cells (Teffs) rely on glycolysis for proliferation, the distinct metabolic features of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are less well established. Here we show that the metabolic sensor LKB1 is critical to maintain cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis in Tregs. Treg-specific deletion of Lkb1 in mice causes loss of Treg number and function, leading to a fatal, early-onset autoimmune disorder. Tregs lacking Lkb1 have defective mitochondria, compromised OXPHOS, depleted cellular ATP, and altered cellular metabolism pathways that compromise their survival and function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the function of LKB1 in Tregs is largely independent of the AMP-activated protein kinase, but is mediated by the MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases and salt-inducible kinases. Our ...

Citron is a 183 kDa protein that contains a C6H2 zinc finger, a PH domain, and a long coiled-coil forming region including 4 leucine zippers and a rho / rac binding site. It was discovered as a rho/rac effector in 1995, interacting only with the GTP bound forms of rho and rac 1. Displaying a distinctive protein organization, this protein defines a separate class of rho partners.[7] Using a cloning approach based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a splice variant of citron, citron kinase (citron-K) has been identified with an alternative amino terminus. This N-terminal extension contains a protein kinase domain that has approximately 50% sequence identity to the sequences of ROCK, ROK, myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (MDPK) and the CDC42 effector known as MRCK or GEK.[8] Citron kinase, which resembles the ROCK family of kinases and by comparison to it, is therefore a multiple domain protein containing an N-terminal kinase domain, an internal coiled-coil (CC) domain with Rho/Rac ...

Myotonin-protein kinase (MT-PK) also known as myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (MDPK) or dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMK) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DMPK gene. The dmpk gene product is a Ser/Thr protein kinase homologous to the MRCK p21-activated kinases and the Rho family of kinases. Data obtained by using antibodies that detect specific isoforms of DMPK indicate that the most abundant isoform of DMPK is an 80-kDa protein expressed almost exclusively in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. This kinase exists both as a membrane-associated and as a soluble form in human left ventricular samples. The different C termini of DMPK that arise from alternative splicing determine its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or cytosol in transfected COS-1 cells. Among the substrates for DMPK proposed by in vitro studies are phospholemman, the dihydropyridine receptor, and the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit. However, an in vivo demonstration of the ...

Materials. CEP-1347, also known as KT7515, is a semisynthetic derivative of K-252a provided by Kyowa-Hakko Kogyo (Tokyo, Japan) (Kaneko et al., 1997). CEP-1347 was dissolved in cell culture grade dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and stored in the dark at 4°C. All dilutions of CEP-1347 were made in DMEM containing 1% bovine serum albumin. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) antibody (catalog #sc-474-G) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). ERK1 antibody (catalog #06-182), mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP2) antibody (catalog #06-534), and MAPKAP2 peptide substrate (catalog #12-240) were purchased from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY). HA antibody was purchased from Babco (Richmond, CA). AP-1 (c-jun) substrate was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). Myelin basic protein substrate, Hoechst dye, and tunicamycin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). SB203580 was custom-synthesized by RIT International Technology (Snellville, GA). ...

Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis by hormones insulin and glucagon is central to glucose homeostasis. Recent work has proposed that amongst the salt inducible kinase isoforms (SIK1, 2 and 3), members of the AMPK-related kinase family, the SIK2 isoform may play a role as signalling mediator in the control of insulin- and glucagon-regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, the mechanisms of the hormonal-regulation of SIK2 in liver remain controversial, with much of the data based on the studies in non-hepatic tissues/cells. Therefore, the exact molecular regulation of SIK2 by these hormones in the liver required robust and intensive molecular/biochemical research coupled to physiological readout (e.g. gluconeogenesis). My studies with phosphopeptide mapping by mass spectrometry followed by verification with well-characterised phospho-specific antibodies revealed that SIK2 was phosphorylated on Ser343, Ser358, Thr484 and Ser587 in response to glucagon and fasting but not following insulin ...

PRAK antibody [N3C3] (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5) for ICC/IF, WB. Anti-PRAK pAb (GTX107938) is tested in Human samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

Protein target information for Chain A, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (human). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.

Protein target information for Chain A, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (human). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.

HIV replication in macrophages contributes to the latent viral reservoirs, which are considered the main barrier to HIV eradication. Few cellular factors that facilitate HIV replication in latently infected cells are known. We previously identified cyclin L2 as a critical factor required by HIV-1 and found that depletion of cyclin L2 attenuates HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Here we demonstrate that cyclin L2 promotes HIV-1 replication through interactions with the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). Cyclin L2 and DYRK1A were colocalized in the nucleus and were found together in immunoprecipitation experiments. Knockdown or inhibition of DYRK1A increased HIV-1 replication in macrophages, while depletion of cyclin L2 decreased HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, depletion of DYRK1A increased expression levels of cyclin L2. DYRK1A is a proline-directed kinase that phosphorylates cyclin L2 at serine residues. Mutations of cyclin L2 at serine residues preceding ...

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK and MKK4/SEK1, and this kinase itself can be phoshorylated, and thus activated by JNK kinases. This kinase functions preferentially on the JNK signaling pathway, and is reported to be involved in nerve growth factor (NGF) induced neuronal apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

Looking for online definition of serine/threonine kinase 12 in the Medical Dictionary? serine/threonine kinase 12 explanation free. What is serine/threonine kinase 12? Meaning of serine/threonine kinase 12 medical term. What does serine/threonine kinase 12 mean?

Mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) causes an autosomal dominant and late-onset familial Parkinsons disease (PD). FAK activation through different mechanisms that are the advertising of autoinhibition and/or the recruitment of phosphatases, such as for example SHP-2. continues to be connected with an autosomal dominant, late-onset type of familial Parkinsons disease (PD). The encoded proteins, LRRK2, is approximately 280 kDa in proportions and contains many useful domains, including a serine/threonine kinase area [1]. Among the PD-related pathogenic mutations discovered throughout the whole gene [2], the G2019S mutation, which enhances kinase activity [3], continues to be within both familial and sporadic PD [4,5]. Many reports have sought to recognize the kinase substrates of LRRK2 to boost our knowledge of LRRK2-mediated PD pathogenesis, and LRRK2 provides been proven to govern different biological features, including neurite outgrowth, cell MEK162 inhibitor database migration, ...

We isolated cDNA clones containing the entire coding region of the putative oncogene AKT2. Sequence analysis and in vitro translation demonstrated that AKT2 encodes a 56-kDa protein with homology to serine/threonine kinases; moreover, this protein contains a Src homology 2-like domain. AKT2 was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. AKT2 was mapped to chromosome region 19q13.1-q13.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In the two ovarian carcinoma cell lines exhibiting amplification of AKT2, the amplified sequences were localized within homogeneously staining regions. We conclude that AKT2 belongs to a distinct subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases containing Src homology 2-like domains and that alterations of AKT2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomas.. ...

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase specifically interacts with and activates MAPK7/ERK5. This kinase itself can be phosphorylated and activated by MAP3K3/MEKK3, as well as by atypical protein kinase C isoforms (aPKCs). The signal cascade mediated by this kinase is involved in growth factor stimulated cell proliferation and muscle cell differentiation. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011 ...

Raw data for figures from Alsaeedi et al. Expression of serine/threonine protein kinase SGK1F promotes an hepatoblast state in stem cells directed to differentiate into hepatocytes PLOS ONE 2019 (PLOS2019 data file)

The transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB plays a pivotal role in the regulation of innate immunity, stress responses, inflammation, and the inhibition of apoptosis 1,2. The activity of NF-κB is tightly regulated by cytokines and other external stimuli. In most cell types, NF-κB is present as a heterodimer comprising 50-kD (p50) and 65-kD (p65) subunits and is sequestered in the cytoplasm by a member of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family of inhibitory proteins. NF-κB activation requires the degradation of IκB proteins, and the mechanisms of IκB degradation and subsequent NF-κB activation have been the subject of intense investigation 3. Those studies have revealed two important classes of kinase involved in this pathway: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) and its downstream target, IκB kinase (IKK) 4,5. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is structurally related to MAP3K and has been identified as a TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)2-interacting protein 6. On the basis of ...

Locale, Genomes and Genes, Scientific Experts, Publications, Research Topics, Species about Experts and Doctors on protein serine threonine kinases in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPKAPK2 gene. MAPKAP kinase-2 (MK2) is originally identified by its phosphorylation of glycogen synthase at serine-7 and the corresponding serine in a peptide (GS peptide-1) modelled after the N-terminus of glycogen synthase.. MAPKAP kinase-2 is a novel protein kinase activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase. This MAP kinase activated protein kinase, termed MAPKAP kinase-2, is distinguished from S6 kinase-II (MAPKAP kinase-1) by its response to inhibitors, lack of phosphorylation of S6 peptides and amino acid sequence.. ...

The splicing factor Sf3b is an integral part of U2 snRNP and plays an essential role during spliceosome assembly and recognition of the introns branch point. One of the components of SF3b, SF3b1, is known to be reversibly phosphorylated during splicing catalysis [3], suggesting that protein kinases play a role in the regulation of splicing. Previous studies have shown that cyclin E/CDK2 complexes associate with spliceosomal proteins in vivo, and that CDK2 phosphorylates SF3b1 in vitro [12, 22]. Here we provide evidence that the protein kinase DYRK1A phosphorylates SF3b1 in vitro and in vivo.. The N-terminal part of Sf3b1 harbours a large number of Thr/Pro dipeptide motifs within a 240-amino acid region preceding the carboxyterminal repeat domain (Fig. 1). Both DYRK1A and CDK2 are proline-directed kinases, i.e. they phosphorylate serine or threonine residues followed by a proline residue [15, 23]. It has been shown that cyclin E/CDK2 phosphorylates SF3b1 in vitro at multiple sites within the ...

View mouse Mapkapk5 Chr5:121525038-121545905 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression

The proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells requires communication with the lymphoid organ microenvironment. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional intracellular adaptor protein that transmits extracellular signals to regulate malignant cell motility, metastasis, and cell cycle progression, but is poorly characterized in hematological malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of ILK in the context of CLL and observed high ILK expression in patient samples, particularly in tumor cells harboring prognostic high risk markers such as unmutated IGHV genes, high Zap70 or CD38 expression, or a signature of recent proliferation. We also found increased numbers of Ki67 (MKI67)-positive cells in regions of enhanced ILK expression in lymph nodes (LNs) from CLL patients. Using co-culture conditions mimicking the proliferative LN microenvironment, we detected a parallel induction of ILK and cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression in CLL cells that was dependent on the activation ...

We have identified a novel serine/threonine kinase, NIK, that interacts with the SH3 domains of Nck. Overexpression of NIK constitutively activated the JNK/SAPK pathway. NIK interacts with MEKK1 in cells and likely signals through MEKK1 to activate JNK, suggesting that NIK directly regulates MEKK1 activity. We found that NIK contains a regulatory domain in its C‐terminus that is conserved in two other members of this kinase family. This domain mediates the association of NIK with MEKK1 and is critical for NIK activation of the SAPK pathway, suggesting that the C‐terminal domain of these proteins encodes a new protein domain family that couples these kinases to the SAPK pathway, possibly by interacting with MEKK1. Our finding that NIK also interacts with Nck suggests that SH2/SH3 adaptor proteins couple NIK and related kinases to activation of the SAPK/JNK pathway by different receptors.. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that a serine/threonine kinase, Ste20, acts upstream of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - LKB1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the AMPK subfamily, including MARK/PAR-1. AU - Lizcano, Jose M.. AU - Goransson, Olga. AU - Toth, Rachel. AU - Deak, Maria. AU - Morrice, Nick A.. AU - Boudeau, Jerome. AU - Hawley, Simon. AU - Udd, Lina. AU - Makela, Tomi P.. AU - Hardie, D. Grahame. AU - Alessi, Dario R.. N1 - dc.publisher: Nature Publishing Group PY - 2004/2. Y1 - 2004/2. N2 - We recently demonstrated that the LKB1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase STRAD and the scaffolding protein MO25, phosphorylates and activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). A total of 12 human kinases (NUAK1, NUAK2, BRSK1, BRSK2, QIK, QSK, SIK, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4 and MELK) are related to AMPK. Here we demonstrate that LKB1 can phosphorylate the T-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from MELK, increasing their activity ,50-fold. LKB1 catalytic activity and the presence of MO25 and STRAD are required for activation. Mutation of the ...

NAC, a common dietary supplement and an antioxidant membrane-permeable metal-binding compound, has been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses, tumor growth including lung cancer [13, 14]. However, the mechanisms by which this reagent in control of NSCLC cell growth has not been well elucidated. We have found that NAC inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation through reduction of PDK1, a kinase and master regulator of a number of downstream signal cascades that are involved in suppression of apoptosis and promotion of tumor growth including lung cancer [4, 15]. High expression of PDK1 has been detected in invasive cancers including lung [5] and inhibition of PDK1 in several cancer cells results in significant cell growth inhibition [6]. These observations suggest that PDK1 can be considered as a target for therapies. This result, together with the finding that exogenous PDK1 diminishes the inhibitory effect of NAC on cell growth, indicates an important role of targeting PDK1 in mediating the ...

Since the publication of Protein Kinases in 1994 many novel protein kinases have been discovered, but perhaps more importantly there have been dramatic advances in our understanding of the cellular functions of this remarkably diverse class of proteins. Protein Kinase Functions is not just an update of the previous edition but provides a new focus on the context and function of protein kinases, thus reflecting the recent advances in kinase biology.

Predicted to have cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity. Predicted to be involved in mitotic cell cycle phase transition and regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to localize to cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex; cytoplasm; and nucleus. Orthologous to human CCNJL (cyclin J like ...

Signaling through the Hippo-Salvador-Warts (Wts) kinase cascade inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by preventing nuclear accumulation of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki in the fruit fly) or Yap (in vertebrates). Hippo-dependent phosphorylation of Yki by Wts prevents nuclear accumulation of Yki. In the nucleus, Yki cooperates with its partner Scalloped to promote expression of several target genes that inhibit apoptosis and promote mitosis. Two studies report that the serine-threonine kinase homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk) promotes Yki activity. Studies by Chen and Verheyen and by Poon et al. both demonstrate that, like overexpresison of yki or knockdown of wts, overexpresison of hipk in fly imaginal discs caused excessive cell proliferation, leading to tissue overgrowth, and stimulation of endogenous Yki transcriptional targets and reporter constructs. Reducing Hipk activity by mutation or RNA interference (RNAi) reduced both tissue size and expression ...

The Hippo pathway component WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (TAZ) is a transcriptional co-activator and an oncogene in breast and lung cancer. Transcriptional targets of TAZ that modulate immune cell function in the tumour microenvironment are poorly understood. Here, we perform a comprehensive screen for immune-related genes regulated by TAZ and its paralog YAP using NanoString gene expression profiling. We identify the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 as a target of Hippo signaling. The upstream kinases of the Hippo pathway, mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 and 2 (MST1/2) and large tumour suppressor 1 and 2 (LATS1/2), suppress PD-L1 expression while TAZ and YAP enhance PD-L1 levels in breast and lung cancer cell lines ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Renal function of gene-targeted mice lacking both SGK1 and SGK3. AU - Grahammer, Florian. AU - Artunc, Ferruh. AU - Sandulache, Diana. AU - Rexhepaj, Rexhep. AU - Friedrich, Björn. AU - Risler, Teut. AU - McCormick, James A.. AU - Dawson, Kevin. AU - Wang, Jian. AU - Pearce, David. AU - Wulff, Peer. AU - Kuhl, Dietmar. AU - Lang, Florian. PY - 2006/4. Y1 - 2006/4. N2 - Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) 1 and SGK3 share the ability to upregulate several ion channels, including the epithelial Na + channel. Whereas SGK1 is under genomic control of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, SGK3 is constitutively expressed. The SKG1-knockout (sgk1-/-) mouse is seemingly normal when it is fed a standard diet, but its ability to retain NaCl is impaired when it is fed a salt-deficient diet. In the SGK3-knockout (sgk3-/-) mouse fed standard and salt-deficient diets, hair growth is strikingly delayed but NaCl excretion is normal. Thus the possibility was considered that SGK1 ...