TY - JOUR. T1 - Nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in the σ 54-dependent activator DctD. AU - Wang, Ying Kai. AU - Park, Sungdae. AU - Nixon, B. Tracy. AU - Hoover, Timothy R.. PY - 2003/10. Y1 - 2003/10. N2 - Activators of σ54-RNA polymerase holoenzyme couple ATP hydrolysis to formation of an open promoter complex. DctDΔ 1-142, a truncated and constitutively active form of the σ 54-dependent activator DctD from Sinorhizobium meliloti, displayed an altered DNase I footprint at its binding site located upstream of the dctA promoter in the presence of ATP. The altered footprint was not observed for a mutant protein with a substitution at or near the putative arginine finger, a conserved arginine residue thought to contact the nucleotide. These data suggest that structural changes in DctDΔ1-142 during ATP hydrolysis can be detected by alterations in the DNase I footprint of the protein and may be communicated by interactions between bound nucleotide and the arginine finger. In ...
Listing of all Polbase results with context for Reference: Nucleotide-dependent conformational change governs specificity and analog discrimination by HIV reverse transcriptase., Polymerase: HIV RT
Effects of fluorophore attachment on protein conformation and dynamics studied by spFRET and NMR. Related Articles Effects of fluorophore attachment
The following examples show how to set up alternate conformations for structure factor calculations as well as for empirical energy calculations. The first step is to append the alternate conformations to the current molecular structure file. In this particular case, one wants to generate alternate conformations for the side chains of residues 1 and 7. alternate.inp Now one has to go to the graphics and move the alternate conformations into the correct positions. In subsequent protocols, one has to insert the following statement after reading the molecular structure file ...
Roucan, M. and Kielmann, M. and Connon, S.J. and Bernhard, S.S.R. and Senge, M.O., Conformational control of nonplanar free base porphyrins: Towards bifunctional catalysts of tunable basicity, Chemical Communications, 54, 1, 2017, 26-29 ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative Visualization of the RNA Suboptimal Conformational Ensemble In Vivo. AU - Woods, Chanin T.. AU - Lackey, Lela. AU - Williams, Benfeard. AU - Dokholyan, Nikolay V.. AU - Gotz, David. AU - Laederach, Alain. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grant Nos. HL111527, GM101237, and HG008133 to A.L., grant Nos. R01 GM123238-01, 1R01GM123247, and R01 GM064803-12 to N.V.D., and grant No. 3R01GM080742-08S1 to B.W. L.L. was supported by an American Cancer Society ? Lee National Denim Day Postdoctoral Fellowship, grant No. PF-15-133-01-RMC. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Biophysical Society Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/7/25. Y1 - 2017/7/25. N2 - When a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule folds, it often does not adopt a single, well-defined conformation. The folding energy landscape of an RNA is highly dependent on its nucleotide sequence and molecular environment. Cellular ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prediction of the receptor conformation for iGluR2 agonist binding. T2 - QM/MM docking to an extensive conformational ensemble generated using normal mode analysis. AU - Sander, Tommy. AU - Liljefors, Tommy. AU - Balle, Thomas. N1 - Keywords: Protein flexibility, molecular docking, normal mode analysis, elastic network model, ensemble generation, iGluR2 receptor, domain closure. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. KW - Former Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. U2 - 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.11.006. DO - 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.11.006. M3 - Journal article. VL - 26. SP - 1259. EP - 1268. JO - Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling. JF - Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling. SN - 1093-3263. IS - 8. ER - ...
The accurate determination of a large number of protein structures by X-ray crystallography makes it possible to conduct a reliable statistical analysis of the distribution of the main-chain and side-chain conformational angles, how these are dependent on residue type, adjacent residue in the sequence, secondary structure, residue-residue interactions and location at the polypeptide chain termini. The interrelationship between the main-chain (phi, psi) and side-chain (chi 1) torsion angles leads to a classification of amino acid residues that simplify the folding alphabet considerably and can be a guide to the design of new proteins or mutational studies. Analyses of residues occurring with disallowed main-chain conformation or with multiple conformations shed some light on why some residues are less favoured in thermophiles. ...
DynDom is a program that determines protein domains, hinge axes and amino acid residues involved in the hinge bending. It is fully automated.. You can use DynDom if you have two conformations of the same protein. These may be two X-ray structures, or structures generated using simulation techniques such as molecular dynamics or normal mode analysis.. The application of DynDom provides a view of the conformational change that is easily understood. The conformational change may be quite complicated in detail, but by using DynDom you can visualize it as involving the movement of domains as quasi-rigid bodies. The analysis of a conformational change in terms of domain movements only makes sense if the interdomain deformation is at least comparable to the intradomain deformation. You can use DynDom to assess this, but the results could be misleading if this is not the case.. DynDom allows you to visualize the domain motion in terms of the rotation of one domain relative to another. Here we see the ...
Supplementary data for article: Grozdanovic, M. M.; Drakulić, B. J.; Gavrović-Jankulović, M. Conformational Mobility of Active and E-64-Inhibited Actinidin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: General Subjects 2013, 1830 (10), 4790-4799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06. ...
SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 1ht1. Nucleotide-Dependent Conformational Changes in a Protease-Associated ATPase HslU
Integrins undergo large‐scale conformational changes (Springer & Dustin, 2012). In the bent‐closed (BC) conformation, the integrin ectodomain folds at knees in the α‐ and β‐subunits so that the head and upper legs associate with the lower legs (Fig 1A). In two extended states, the extended‐closed (EC) and extended‐open (EO) conformations, extension of the α‐ and β‐knees raises the headpiece above the lower legs on cell surfaces (Fig 1A). In transition from EC to EO, that is, headpiece opening, the ligand‐binding metal ion‐dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) in the β‐subunit βI domain rearranges. This reshaping of the ligand‐binding site is linked by α‐helix pistoning within the βI domain to swing of the hybrid domain away from the integrin α‐subunit (Fig 1A). Although the affinities of these states have not yet been measured, previous studies have correlated integrin adhesiveness and high affinity for ligand with the EO conformation (Takagi et al, 2002, 2003; ...
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
TY - JOUR. T1 - DPD simulation of protein conformations. T2 - From α-helices to β-structures. AU - Vishnyakov, Aleksey. AU - Talaga, David S.. AU - Neimark, Alexander V.. PY - 2012/11/1. Y1 - 2012/11/1. N2 - We suggest a coarse-grained model for DPD simulations of polypeptides in solutions. The model mimics hydrogen bonding that stabilizes α-helical and β-structures using dissociable Morse bonds between quasiparticles representing the peptide groups amenable to hydrogen bonding. We demonstrate the capabilities of the model by simulating transitions between coil-like, globular, α-helical, and β-hairpin configurations of model peptides, varying Morse potential parameters, the hydrophobicities of residue side chains, and pH, which determines the charges of residue side chains. We construct a model triblock polypeptide mimicking the sequence of residues α-synuclein at two different pHs. The conformations of this model polypeptide depend on pH similarly to the behavior observed experimentally. ...
You searched for: Publisher American Chemical Society Remove constraint Publisher: American Chemical Society Subject Molecular Structure Remove constraint Subject: Molecular Structure Subject Protein Conformation Remove constraint Subject: Protein Conformation ...
The present study on the ATP-lid of HSP90, a pharmaceutically relevant oncology target is aimed at shedding light on the differences in conformational plasticity in the presence or absence of known fragments and small molecules. Unbiased, atomistic simulations in the upper microsecond range in explicit solvent will be used to generate a large number of conformational ensembles which will serve as a basis to address the conformational preferences in terms of the induced fit or the conformational selection concept. We expect to get useful atomistic insights for designing ligands which are able to freeze HSP90 in a particular conformation and therefore have a higher binding affinity and residence time. The project addresses the two extremes which underlie protein-ligand interactions, namely induced fit (1) and conformational selection (2). While in the former, binding is obtained by a specific structural change, the later selects the adequate protein conformation from the unbound ensemble. The ...
When in a complex, a protein has bonds that mediate protein-protein interactions as well as those that maintain its own conformation. Upon force application, the dissociation of bonds between proteins in the complex competes with the dissociation of bonds within the protein, with the latter instance being favored as this allows the complex as a whole to maintain tension. This has been demonstrated using actin, filamin and a-actinin [1].. A change in conformation can be explained as a transition between two energy minima that are separated by a high energy state that slows down the transition [2]. Applied force favors this transition by lowering the energy requirement and altering the energy minima i.e. stabilizing the new conformation [3] (see figure below). Thus conformational changes are therefore dependent on force sensing, in terms of both the magnitude and duration of the detected force [4],[5]. The conformational changes pass the signal onto neighboring molecules by exposing catalytic ...
Another example of the initial conformer affecting systematic results can be found by inspecting an 8 member carbon chain: C1-C2-C3-C4-C5-C6-C7-C8. For illustrative purposes consider the central C4-C5 bond as we rotate it 360 degrees; from -180 to 180 degrees. If one starts in the all trans conformation, we find that as we rotate the C4-C5 bond the final conformation of 360 degrees is identical to the initial at 0 degrees. However, if the initial conformation had a number of kinks in it, we might discover that at the 120 degree mark, the C1 and C8 ran into each other. To relieve this steric problem the other dihedral angles, will relax, likely changing by more than 100 degrees and falling into new energy wells. As we continue the coordinate driving of the central C4-C5 angle to trans (180), we might find that the final conformation is not the same as the initial conformation because these other dihedrals have changed ...
Bustos, Paula, Gabriel Garber, and Jacopo Ponticelli. 2020. Capital Accumulation and Structural Transformation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 135(2): 1037-1094.
Obstructing conformational shifts in active proteins keeps therapeutic guarantee biologically. of taxol in vitro and in a xenograft style of lung tumor. Also the expected mode of actions of the energetic peptides was experimentally confirmed. Both peptides destined to their mother or father protein and their natural activity was abolished in the current presence of the peptides related towards the counterpart helices. These data demonstrate a uncharacterized way for rational style of proteins antagonists previously. displays the experimentally-derived get in touch with map of HIV-1 gp41 as extracted from PDB 1ENV. The helix-helix relationships can be recognized with a peak in the total value from the Fourier transform of the get in touch with map when used on the amount by rows (or individually by columns) from the relevant 21 × 21 operating submatrix. Fig. 1illustrates the Fourier transform related to the amount of rows representing the discussion between two 21-mer sections focused around ...
iomolecules can play a significant role in the formation of nanostructured hard tissues in living organisms. These materials are formed with a degree of control that cannot yet be exerted in synthetic laboratories. To mimic these natural biomineralisation strategies, we must identify the mechanisms at work at the biomolecule-mineral interface. We will investigate, via a coupling of theory and experiment, two aspects of this interface. One aspect is how the surface can manipulate the conformation of the adsorbing biomolecule. Conformationally-labile biomolecules such as intrinsically-disordered proteins (IDPs) can change conformation upon exposure to external stimuli. Mineral surfaces provide such a stimulus that can induce folding and thus confer function(s) (such as polymorph stabilisation) related to this new conformation. Another aspect is how the adsorption of biomolecules influences the growth/stability of different crystal faces. Harnessing the ability of biomolecules to modify the growth ...
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apply FastRelax and measure rotamer recovery for each residue Implements protocols::rotamer_recovery::RRProtocol.. References core::conformation::Residue::atom_is_backbone(), cartesian_, core::id::D, protocols::relax::generate_relax_from_cmd(), core::conformation::Residue::is_virtual(), protocols::rotamer_recovery::RRProtocol::measure_rotamer_recovery(), core::conformation::Residue::natoms(), nonideal_, core::pack::task::PackerTask::pack_residue(), protocols::antibody::design::relax, core::pose::Pose::replace_residue(), core::pose::Pose::residue(), core::conformation::Residue::set_chi(), core::pose::Pose::size(), and core::id::THETA.. ...
The FCC has quietly revealed what amounts to a core componenet of its methodology for repacking TV channels in the post-incentive auction spectrum band.
1P1U: Tuning activation of the AMPA-sensitive GluR2 ion channel by genetic adjustment of agonist-induced conformational changes.
Increase in Affinity for ATP and change in E1-E2 Conformational Equilibrium after mutations to the phosphorylation site (Asp369) of the α subunit of Na,K-ATPase ...
Many DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) undergo a conformational transition upon binding to cognate sites. In some cases this transition is accomplished by folding of a natively unfolded region. What is the role of this conformational transition? The
A model for the bent conformation responsible for the regulation of the initial step of filament assembly. We propose that regulation of the initial step of fil
Structural Views on Extracellular Recognition and Conformational Modifications of A number of Sort-I Transmembrane Receptors Sort-I transmembrane proteins characterize a big group of 1,412 proteins in people with a large number of… Read more ». ...
Please be VERY careful with this particular assay for conformational change. Not only can a protease sensitive site be uncovered by a structural change, but also a ligand-less protein CAN be more breathe-able with respect to its liganded strucuture which can have a more solid protease protected structure. Typsin can be very sneakey if given the chance. This happened to us. Turns out that by X-ray analysis and by NMR analysis, what was previously thought of as a structural change on ligand binding was actually a firming up of the fold of the protein. No residues actually changed position to any great extend. The protease protection is probably a red herring in this case. There are very well documented examples of protease protection revealing gross structural changes. Just...PLEASE BE CAREFUL with the interpretation of this assay ...
The influence of the range of the involved geometric and material parameters, such as the available area for conformational changes, the bilayer thickness, the interaction energy between transmembrane domains and lipids, is largely explored. Bounds on the available conformations experienced by the transmebrane domains are also provided.
H CHOP780101 D Normalized frequency of beta-turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978a) R LIT:2004003a PMID:354496 A Chou, P.Y. and Fasman, G.D. T Empirical predictions of protein conformation J Ann. Rev. Biochem. 47, 251-276 (1978) C PALJ810106 0.977 TANS770110 0.956 CHAM830101 0.946 CHOP780203 0.940 CHOP780216 0.929 CHOP780210 0.921 ROBB760113 0.907 GEIM800108 0.899 QIAN880133 0.897 QIAN880132 0.896 LEVM780103 0.893 PRAM900104 0.891 LEVM780106 0.890 ROBB760108 0.887 BEGF750103 0.885 ISOY800103 0.885 CRAJ730103 0.882 GEIM800111 0.878 PALJ810105 0.868 ROBB760110 0.863 NAGK730103 0.827 QIAN880131 0.824 AURR980114 -0.803 BEGF750101 -0.803 QIAN880107 -0.809 KANM800103 -0.824 AURR980109 -0.837 SUEM840101 -0.845 I A/L R/K N/M D/F C/P Q/S E/T G/W H/Y I/V 0.66 0.95 1.56 1.46 1.19 0.98 0.74 1.56 0.95 0.47 0.59 1.01 0.60 0.60 1.52 1.43 0.96 0.96 1.14 0.50 // H CHOP780201 D Normalized frequency of alpha-helix (Chou-Fasman, 1978b) R PMID:364941 A Chou, P.Y. and Fasman, G.D. T Prediction of the secondary structure of ...
The formation of complexes that have large interfaces is seen to involve large changes in conformation in those cases where native structures are available. These changes are generally described in publications reporting the X-ray structure of the complexes. They are summarised in Table 2 for the 20 complexes that have B,2000 Å^2. B=interface ...
A protein is a linear chain of amino acids that folds into a unique functional structure, called its native state. In this state, proteins show repeated substructures like alpha helices and beta sheet
Dynamic Conformational Behavior and Molecular Interaction Discrimination of DNA/Binder Complexesby Single-Chain Stretching in a MicroDevice ...
List of words make out of Conformational. All anagrams of Conformational. Words made after unscrambling Conformational. Scrabble Points. Puzzle Solver. Word Creation.
The occupancy of ions in the K+ selectivity filter: Charge balance and coupling of ion binding to a protein conformational change underlie high conduction ...
The occupancy of ions in the K+ selectivity filter: Charge balance and coupling of ion binding to a protein conformational change underlie high conduction ...
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The structure of a molecule dictates its function. If you were to consider NAs, for example, they wouldnt be good enzymes since you only have a limited number of NA types as well as conformation. Which part of the NA would a reactant bind to? Same questions for CHOs and lipids. The way proteins are structured, you have so many conformations (recall 4 levels of structure) possible depending on composition. Variability in conformation among different protein molecules is important since conformation is critical in being able to bind with the reactants to enable catalysis of a reaction ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrostatic energy calculation on the pH-induced conformational change of influenza virus hemagglutinin. AU - Ho, Sup Choi. AU - Huh, June. AU - Won, Ho Jo. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. N2 - The pH-induced conformational change of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) has been investigated by calculating the change of electrostatic energy of the fragment of HA2 upon pH change. The average charge and electrostatic free energy are calculated as a function of pH for the fusion peptide (residues 1-20 of HA2) and the polypeptide of residues 54-77 of HA2 by using the finite difference Poisson-Boltzmann method. It is found that as pH decreases from 8 to 5, the electrostatic free energy of the fusogenic state is lowered by ∼2 kcal/mol and the fusogenic state is less ionized compared to that of the native state for both polypeptides. For the fusion peptide at the fusogenic state, most of ionizable residues are neutral at acidic pH except Glu-11. For the polypeptide of residues 54-77 at the ...
TY - GEN. T1 - Efficient algorithms to explore conformation spaces of flexible protein loops. AU - Dhanik, A.. AU - Yao, P.. AU - Marz, N.. AU - Propper, R.. AU - Kou, C.. AU - Liu, Guanfeng. AU - Van Den Bedem, H.. AU - Latombe, J. C.. PY - 2007. Y1 - 2007. N2 - Two efficient and complementary sampling algorithms are presented to explore the space of closed clash-free conformations of a flexible protein loop. The seed sampling algorithm samples conformations broadly distributed over this space, while the deformation sampling algorithm uses these conformations as starting points to explore more finely selected regions of the space. Computational results are shown for loops ranging from 5 to 25 residues. The algorithms are implemented in a toolkit, LoopTK, available at https://simtk.org/home/looptk.. AB - Two efficient and complementary sampling algorithms are presented to explore the space of closed clash-free conformations of a flexible protein loop. The seed sampling algorithm samples ...
Check out our new paper and video on Protein-peptide molecular docking with large-scale conformational changes: the p53-MDM2 interaction. ...
Conformational characterisation of peptide-1 at 10°C in the presence of TFE and SDS (A). Far-UV CD spectra at pH 4.2 as a function of TFE concentration. TFE in
where TE-PLPclose is the holo tetrameric active Trpase at 25°C in a close conformation; TE-PLPopen is the holo tetrameric enzyme in the open conformation at 2°C; TE... PLP is the non-covalently bound complex in an open conformation and TE is the apo enzyme in an open conformation at 2°C. Step 4 is the dissociation of the tetrameric form to dimers, TE to DE.. Cooling (step 1) weakens the hydrophobic interactions resulting in a conformational change and a corresponding modified solvation. The change from the closed to an open conformation is associated with a reduction in the tight packing of the tetramer and is enhanced by the point mutations. This conformational change is further supported by the present high pressure studies showing that increasing hydrostatic pressure has the same effect as decreasing temperature in affecting the conformational equilibrium.. The conformational change at low temperatures results in breaking the covalent aldimine bond between residue Lys270 (E. coli ...
Human type II transglutaminase (TG2) is an enzyme that exists in two dramatically different conformational states, each with a unique activity. In the open, extended form, the transglutaminase active site is exposed, allowing TG2 to catalyze formation of an isopeptide bond between the sidechain of a peptide-bound glutamine and a primary amine. Upon GTP binding to a separate GTPase active site, TG2 adopts a heavily favored and compact closed conformation, which obstructs the glutaminase active site, and only allows GTPase activity. TG2 has been linked to Huntingtons disease, as well as to many other cellular processes, both physiological and pathological. However, TG2s two conformational states, each with its own activity, have made it difficult to elucidate how this enzyme functions in disease progression. In addition, because TG2 heavily prefers the closed state, attempts to screen for inhibitors that may bind the transglutanimase site exposed in the open conformation, and attempts to obtain ...
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Accurate predictions of pKa values of titratable groups require taking into account all relevant processes associated with the ionization/deionization. Frequently, however, the ionization does not involve significant structural changes and the dominating effects are purely electrostatic in origin allowing accurate predictions to be made based on the electrostatic energy difference between ionized and neutral forms alone using a static structure. On another hand, if the change of the charge state is accompanied by a structural reorganization of the target protein, then the relevant conformational changes have to be taken into account in the pKa calculations. Here we report a hybrid approach that first predicts the titratable groups, which ionization is expected to cause conformational changes, termed
Protein dynamics play a crucial role in function, catalytic activity, and pathogenesis. Consequently, there is great interest in computational methods that probe the conformational fluctuations of a protein. However, molecular dynamics simulations are computationally costly and therefore are often limited to comparatively short timescales. TYPHON is a probabilistic method to explore the conformational space of proteins under the guidance of a sophisticated probabilistic model of local structure and a given set of restraints that represent nonlocal interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or disulfide bridges. The choice of the restraints themselves is heuristic, but the resulting probabilistic model is well-defined and rigorous. Conceptually, TYPHON constitutes a null model of conformational fluctuations under a given set of restraints. We demonstrate that TYPHON can provide information on conformational fluctuations that is in correspondence with experimental measurements. TYPHON provides a ...
en] The cold-active phosphoglycerate kinase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. TACII18 exhibits two distinct stability domains in the free, open conformation. It is shown that these stability domains do not match the structural N- and C-domains as the heat-stable domain corresponds to about 80 residues of the C-domain, including the nucleotide binding site, whereas the remaining of the protein contributes to the main heat-labile domain. This was demonstrated by spectroscopic and microcalorimetric analyses of the native enzyme, of its mutants, and of the isolated recombinant structural domains. It is proposed that the heat-stable domain provides a compact structure improving the binding affinity of the nucleotide, therefore increasing the catalytic efficiency at low temperatures. Upon substrate binding, the enzyme adopts a uniformly more stable closed conformation. Substrate-induced stability changes suggest that the free energy of ligand binding is converted into an increased ...
Understanding the conformational changes associated with the binding of small ligands to their biological targets is a fascinating and meaningful question in chemistry, biology and drug discovery. One of the most studied and important is the so-called DFG-flip of tyrosine kinases. The conserved three amino-acid DFG motif undergoes an in to out movement resulting in a particular inactive conformation to which type II kinase inhibitors, such as the anti-cancer drug Imatinib, bind. Despite many studies, the details of this prototypical conformational change are still debated. Here we combine various NMR experiments and surface plasmon resonance with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations to shed light into the conformational dynamics associated with the binding of Imatinib to the proto-oncogene c-Src. We find that both conformational selection and induced fit play a role in the binding mechanism, reconciling opposing views held in the literature. Moreover, an external binding pose ...
Tel Aviv, Israel - March 18, 2008 - Compugen Ltd. (NASDAQ: CGEN) announced today the development and validation of its Blockers of Disease-Associated Conformation (DAC Blockers) platform, a new discovery platform for the identification of peptides that block proteins from adopting their disease-associated conformations. To date, two of the predicted therapeutic peptide candidates from the pilot validation run of the platform have shown initial experimental verification, one with anti-inflammatory and the other with anti-cancer activities.. The newly developed DAC Blockers platform has been designed to identify segments in proteins of interest that, if introduced therapeutically as synthetic peptides, would block specific conformational changes of such proteins, and thereby prevent them from adopting disease-associated conformations and related activities. A key capability of the platform is that it enables the proteome-wide search for such conformational change blocking peptides in human, viral ...
A procedure for automated protein structure determination is presented that is based on an iterative procedure during which the NOESY peak list assignment and the structure calculation are performed s
ClpB is a bacterial heat-shock protein that disaggregates and reactivates strongly aggregated proteins in cooperation with the DnaK chaperone system. ClpB contains two ATP-binding AAA+ modules, a linker coiled-coil domain, and a highly mobile N-terminal domain. It forms ring-shaped hexamers in a nucleotide-dependent manner. The unique aggregation reversing chaperone activity of ClpB involves ATP-dependent translocation of substrates through the central channel in the ClpB ring. The initial events of aggregate recognition and the events preceding the translocation step are poorly understood. In addition to the full-length ClpB95, a truncated isoform ClpB80, that is missing the whole N-terminal domain, is also produced in vivo. Various aspects of the structure and function of ClpB were addressed in this work. The thermodynamic stability of ClpB in its monomeric and oligomeric forms, as well as the nucleotide-induced conformational changes in ClpB were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. ...
Proteins are dynamic molecules. Even under native conditions, they do not adopt a single static conformation. Rather, they access many different conformations in their native state ensemble. This native state ensemble includes small fluctuations around the native conformation, partially unfolded forms, and even globally unfolded forms. The distribution of these conformations and the kinetic barriers between the conformational states define the conformational energy landscapes of proteins. My research interest is investigating conformational energy landscapes of proteins and deciphering the relationship between the energetics of proteins and their biochemical functions, such as catalysis, signal transduction, and ligand binding. We use proteolysis as a major tool to probe protein structures and dynamics as well as conventional spectroscopic methods. We also use proteomics extensively for investigating energy landscapes of proteins on a system level.. Investigation of conformational energy ...
Details: INITIAL REFINEMENT CARRIED OUT WITH TNT AND XPLOR RESIDUES B 402 - B 409 INCLUSIVE HAVE BEEN GIVEN ZERO OCCUPANCY AS THERE WAS NO INTERPRETABLE ELECTRON DENSITY IN THIS REGION. THE POSITIONS OF SIDE CHAIN ATOMS WITH TEMPERATURE FACTORS GREATER THAN 75 IS UNCERTAIN. THE MAIN CHAIN CONFORMATION IS ALSO UNCERTAIN FOR REGIONS WITH TEMPERATURE FACTORS ABOVE 60. SOLVENT MOLECULES HAVE BEEN USED TO MODEL SOME FEATURES IN THE ELECTRON DENSITY THAT ARE PROBABLY DUE TO THE MISSING REGIONS OF THE GAMMA SUBUNIT (CHAIN G) THE PEPTIDE BOND BETWEEN ASP 269 AND ASP 270 IN CHAINS A, B, C AND THE PEPTIDE BOND BETWEEN ASP 256 AND ASN 257 IN CHAINS D, E, AND F HAVE BEEN MODELED IN A CIS CONFORMATION. RESIDUAL FEATURES IN THE ELECTRON DENSITY MAP SUGGEST THAT THERE IS SOME CONFORMATIONAL DISORDER IN ASP 270 IN CHAINS A, B, AND C. CRYSTALS WERE GROWN IN THE PRESENCE OF AZIDE, A KNOWN INHIBITOR, BUT THIS HAS NOT BEEN LOCATED IN THE STRUCTURE ...
Abstract: Biomolecular assemblies exhibit emergent behavior in both the temporal and spatial domains. As observed in long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations or in 3D models of large-scale biomolecular systems, the behavior that emerges on these scales is not only more than the sum of the (temporal or spatial) parts, but quite different and unexpected. Examples include: (1) slow conformational changes in protein folding and protein-protein binding enabled by fast motion in long molecular dynamics simulations; (2) the interpretation and refinement of intermediate-resolution electron microscopy (EM) structures using multiple or flexible atomic fragments; and (3) the segmentation of the molecular building blocks of living organisms in low-resolution data from EM or tomography. The unifying goal of our efforts is to observe and to take into account functional dynamics in the native environment (solution or vitreous ice) or in silico and then to reconstruct and interpret the 3D shapes of the ...
Proteins are highly dynamic macromolecules. To analyze their inherent flexibility, computational biologists often use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The quantification of protein flexibility is based on various methods such as Root Mean Square Fluctuations (RMSF) that rely on multiple MD snapshots or Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) that rely on a single structure and focus on quantifying large movements. Alternative in silico approaches assess protein motions through the protein residue network or dynamical correlations from MD simulations. An alternative yet powerful approach based on small prototypes or structural alphabets (SAs) can be used. SAs approximate conformations of protein backbones and code the local structures of proteins as one-dimensional sequences. Protein Blocks (PBs) are one of these SAs. Applying PB-based approaches to biological systems such as the DARC protein, the human αIIb β3 integrin and the KISSR1 protein highlighted the major interest of PBs in understanding local
Due to their long lifetime, triplet, redox and other transient states of fluorophores are highly sensitive to the micro-environment. Imaging their spatial distribution in biological samples can therefore help answer interesting questions about the metabolism, molecular interactions and dynamics in living cells. However, as these states are at best weakly luminescent, they have up to now only been used to a limited extent in life sciences. In Transient State (TRAST) imaging, the characteristic build up of transient states is instead monitored via fluorescence, as the excitation is modulated. When the illumination pulse width is step-wise increased, transient states are progressively populated. The resulting depletion of the singlet excited state can be monitored via time-averaged fluorescence. This fluorescence decay is characteristic for the transient state kinetics of the fluorophore in a given environment. Traditional fluorescence parameters can only be influenced within the lifetime of the ...
The present work is one of the first characterizations of multimeric intermediates in protein aggregation, and offers direct information about the assembly process. The results of the Ellman assay confirm that the dimer is linked by a disulfide bond, as previously proposed (Manderson et al. 1998; Bauer et al. 2000). Formation of the dimer therefore requires at least unfolding of the proteins main helix (Qi et al. 1997), which protects the free cysteine from the solvent in the native structure. We have previously shown that the Blg oligomers are productive intermediates in aggregation: assembly of aggregates coincides with consumption of oligomers, and purified oligomers at high concentration aggregate very rapidly (Bauer et al. 2000). The molten globule character of the oligomers observed here is perfectly in line with previous studies on other proteins (Booth et al. 1997; Kayed et al. 1999; McParland et al. 2000; Rochet and Lansbury 2000), demonstrating that aggregation is accelerated by ...
Equine conformation evaluates the degree of correctness of a horses bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. Undesirable conformation can limit the ability to perform a specific task. Although there are several universal faults, a horses conformation is usually judged by what its intended use may be. Thus form to function is one of the first set of traits considered in judging conformation. A horse with poor form for a Grand Prix show jumper could have excellent conformation for a World Champion cutting horse, or to be a champion draft horse. Every horse has good and bad points of its conformation and many horses (including Olympic caliber horses) excel even with conformation faults. The standard of the ideal head varies dramatically from breed to breed based on a mixture of the role the horse is bred for and what breeders, owners and enthusiasts find appealing. Breed standards frequently cite large eyes, a broad forehead and a dry head-to-neck ...
Lets look at folding in another way: You might guess a protein would fold to lowest free energy conformation. Problem: is there time? (Levinthals Paradox, formulated by Cyrus Levinthal in 1968) Stryer calculation (very conservative): Assume 100 aa residue protein with 3 possible conformations/residue; then get 3100or 5 x 1047 possible conformations. If search at a rate of one structure/10-13sec then get (5 x 1047)(10-13)= 5 x 1034 sec or 1.6 x 1027 years to search (and thus to fold protein). This is greater than the age of our Universe (13.7 x 109 yrs). [Rawn calculation (perhaps more realistic): same but assume 10 conformations, then get 1087sec or 3 x 1080 yrs!]. Obviously from these calculations not searching all possible conformations (or we have the process wrong!), so cannot say protein achieves the lowest global free energy, but rather a local free energy minima. (Like a valley in mountain range: a local energy minima, but not lowest [Marianas trench].) [sketch - note represents ...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins critical in cellular signaling, making them important targets for therapeutics. The activation of GPCRs is central to their function, requiring multiple conformations of the GPCRs in their activation landscape. To enable rational design of GPCR-targeting drugs, it is essential to obtain the ensemble of atomistic structures of GPCRs along their activation pathways. This is most challenging for structure determination experiments, making it valuable to develop reliable computational structure prediction methods. In particular, since the active-state conformations are higher in energy (less stable) than inactive-state conformations, they are difficult to stabilize. In addition, the computational methods are generally biased toward lowest energy structures by design and miss these high energy but functionally important conformations. To address this problem, we have developed a computationally efficient ActiveGEnSeMBLE method that ...
Solute effects arise from PREFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS (Timasheff): Solute and water compete for the biopolymer surface Preferential Accumulation of Solute: Solute-Biopolymer interactions more favorable than interactions of both species with water Local concentration of solute higher than bulk Preferential Exclusion of Solute (Preferential Hydration) Local concentration of solute lower than bulk To describe solute distribution: Schellman 1:1 solute: water competitive binding model Our solute partitioning model; partition coefficient K p K p = m 3 loc /m 3 bulk If K p > 1, solute is accumulated; if K p < 1, solute is excluded
The translation of personal genomics to precision medicine depends on the accurate interpretation of the multitude of genetic variants observed for each individual. However, even when genetic variants are predicted to modify a protein, their functional implications may be unclear. Many diseases are caused by genetic variants affecting important protein features, such as enzyme active sites or interaction interfaces. The scientific community has catalogued millions of genetic variants in genomic databases and thousands of protein structures in the Protein Data Bank. Mapping mutations onto three-dimensional (3D) structures enables atomic-level analyses of protein positions that may be important for the stability or formation of interactions; these may explain the effect of mutations and in some cases even open a path for targeted drug development. To accelerate progress in the integration of these data types, we held a two-day Gene Variation to 3D (GVto3D) workshop to report on the latest advances and to
Monoclonal antibodies have become essential tools to study the structure and function of integrins because they recognise distinct conformational states of the receptors (Mould, 1996). Many of these antibodies have been used to study changes in the ligand-binding affinity of integrins on the cell surface (Humphries, 2000); however, in this study, we used their specificities to report defined conformational states during β1-integrin biosynthesis. In particular, we noted that two conformation-specific antibodies, 8E3 and 9EG7, which have been shown to recognise the unbent form of β1-integrins, also react with monomeric β1-integrin subunits. 9EG7 was of particular interest because it seems to recognise an epitope that requires the formation of a disulphide and once this disulphide is formed, the epitope is not lost even after denaturation. The epitope has been mapped previously to within a cysteine-rich stretch (residues 495-602) at the back of the β1-integrin knee region (Bazzoni et al., ...
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Figures BCJ-474-2449-s1. replication. Thus, HIV-1 Tat appears to stabilise Mdm2, which in turn enhances Tat-mediated viral replication. This study highlights the importance of post-translational modifications of host cellular factors in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis. and and and and assay using DNA-PK shows phosphorylation of p53 at S15 and S37, which interferes with the ability of Mdm2 to inhibit p53 transactivation. These phosphorylation events are known to cause conformational changes in p53, which leads to p53 stabilisation during DNA damage [29,30]. ATM phosphorylates p53 at S15 in response to DNA damage, whereas ATR phosphorylates p53 at S15 and S37 during genotoxic stress [31C33]. Studies in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with defective DNA-PK show how the cells remain in a position to induce p53 and go through G1 arrest, recommending that ATM Erlotinib Hydrochloride kinase activity assay and ATR kinases get excited about the p53 S15 ...
The creation of an automated method for determining 3D protein structure would be invaluable to the eld of biology and presents an interesting challenge to computer science. Unfortunately , given the current level of protein knowledge, a completely automated solution method is not yet feasible; therefore, our group has decided to integrate existing databases and theories to create a software system that assists X-ray crystallographers in specifying a particular protein structure. By breaking the problem of determining overall protein structure into small subproblems, we hope to come closer to solving a novel structure by solving each component. By generating necessary information for structure determination, this method provides the rst step toward designing a program to determine protein conformation automatically. The properties of a protein are largely determined by its three-dimensional structure Voet and Voet 1990]. This statement would seem to simplify the process of understanding proteins and
PINK1‐mediated phosphorylation of Ub at Ser65 has dramatic consequences for Ub structure, and key processes in the Ub system, namely Ub attachment and removal.. It could be expected that phosphorylation of Ub would change its surface properties due to the addition of a negative charge. The obtained high‐resolution crystal structure and solution studies agree that the majority of phosphoUb is structurally similar to wt Ub. To our amazement, NMR studies showed a second, minor conformation of phosphoUb, which is in slow exchange with the major conformation. Strikingly, the minor conformation shows distinct hydrogen bonding patterns and long‐range NOEs for its C‐terminal β5‐strand, which can only be structurally satisfied when this strand is shifted by two residues. Our phosphoUbretraCT model explains numerous observations and is structurally feasible due to the existence of four Leu‐Xaa repeats in the β5‐strand that would allow a shift of two residues without significantly ...
Discovering the tertiary framework of the protein, or even the quaternary structure of its complexes, can offer significant clues about how the protein performs its function. Frequent experimental methods of composition dedication consist of X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, equally of which can produce facts at atomic resolution. Our site Even so, NMR experiments can deliver information from which a subset of distances among pairs of atoms may be approximated, and the ultimate achievable conformations for a protein are determined by solving a length geometry issue. Twin polarisation interferometry can be a quantitative analytical approach for measuring the overall protein conformation and conformational modifications due to interactions or other stimulus ...
The spatial and temporal control of self-assemblies is the latest scientific hurdle in supramolecular chemistry which is inspired by the functioning of biological systems fueled by chemical signals. In this study, we work towards alleviating this scenario by employing a unique amphiphilic foldamer that opera Celebrating the Chemical Science in India - Leaders in the Field Symposium
Background: Techniques for inferring the functions of the protein by comparing their shape similarity have been receiving a lot of attention. Proteins are functional units and their shape flexibility occupies an essential role in various biological processes. Several shape descriptors have demonstrated the capability of protein shape comparison by treating them as rigid bodies. But this may give rise to an incorrect comparison of flexible protein shapes. Results: We introduce an efficient approach for comparing flexible protein shapes by adapting a local diameter (LD) descriptor. The LD descriptor, developed recently to handle skeleton based shape deformations [1], is adapted in this work to capture the invariant properties of shape deformations caused by the motion of the protein backbone. Every sampled point on the protein surface is assigned a value measuring the diameter of the 3D shape in the neighborhood of that point. The LD descriptor is built in the form of a one dimensional histogram ...
Characterization of different conformational states of proteins is essential to understand their stability and activity. Biophysical techniques aid in analysing these conformational states and molecular fluorescence is one of the most reliable and quickly accessible methods. Apart from the intrinsic fluoresc
Purpose: Lacritin is a human tear glycoprotein that has high thermal stability. When cleaved, lacritin has antimicrobial activity resulting from the C-terminus amphipathic alpha helical region. The alpha helices contain three salt bridges; ionic bonds between neighboring oppositely charged amino acids. The purpose of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that the salt bridges within the alpha helices contribute to the high thermal stability. Methods: To determine the role of salt bridges in the thermal stability of lacritin, point mutants were prepared for each salt bridge by site directed mutagenesis that replaced the oppositely charged amino acids with serine. The point mutants were expressed in E. coli and purified. Western blot analysis confirmed the identity of lacritin proteins. Circular dichroism (CD) was used to study conformational changes in the secondary structure of these mutants compared to unaltered lacritin along with two controls, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme.
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary data 1 mmc1. acids that become pH sensors. Since the membrane fusion event happens in the pH range of 5C6, the most likely residues to function as pH detectors are histidines, aspartates and/or glutamates, which possess pKa in the appropriate pH range (Zhou et al., 2014). Based on a number of studies, multiple pH detectors are involved. First, from biochemical, x-ray, EM and virological studies, HA is known to undergo multiple reversible conformational changes when exposed to low pH (Xu and Wilson, 2011, Fontana et al., 2012, Leikina et al., 2002). Second, despite a high degree of structural homology within HA subtypes, examination of HA sequences does not reveal totally conserved titratable residues (Zhou et al., 2014, Mair et al., 2014). Third, membrane fusion happens at different pH ideals for different HA subtypes (Scholtissek, 1985, Puri et al., 1990, Korte et Rabbit Polyclonal to VAV3 (phospho-Tyr173) al., 2007). Fourth, mutagenesis studies possess ...
Molecular recognition via noncovalent interactions plays a key role in many biological processes such as antigen-antibody interactions, protein folding, the bonding and catalytic transformation of substrates by enzymes, etc. Amongst these noncovalent interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and metal-to-ligand bonding are the most prominent. Exploring noncovalent interactions in host-guest systems that range from small hydrocarbon systems to more complex systems is the main motivation of this thesis. The present study involves the design, synthesis and characterization of clip-shaped molecules as host structures, and an examination of their binding properties with a variety of guests using NMR spectroscopy.. Several clips with a hydrocarbon or glycoluril backbone were synthesized. The binding of cations to small, hydrocarbon-based clips suggests that binding is enhanced by the rigidity and cooperativity between the two sidewalls of the clip. Binding is also ...
Protein NMR is the method of choice for determining protein structures at the atomic level in solution. In addition, NMR experiments allow characterization of protein dynamics at a wide range of time scales [1-7]. Dynamical studies of the past decade led to the emerging paradigm that the so-called native structure of a protein can be better viewed as a number of more or less similar conformers interconverting on different time scales. Functional interactions perturb this state by shifting the equilibrium towards active conformations that are present but are low-populated in the apo state. The most extreme examples of this kind of behavior are provided by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that adopt a plethora of diverse conformations in their free state but, at least some of them, might become fully or partially well ordered upon partner molecule binding [8, 9].. IDPs can not be described with single-conformer models but only with conformational ensembles capturing the diversity of ...
The discovery of dilute liquid crystalline media to align biological macromolecules has opened many new possibilities to study protein and nucleic acid structures by NMR spectroscopy. We inspect the basic alignment phenomenon for an ensemble of protein conformations to deduce relative contributions of each member to the residual dipolar coupling signals. We find that molecular fluctuations can affect the alignment and discover a resulting emphasis of certain conformations. However, the internal fluctuations are largely uncorrelated with those of the alignment, implying that proteins have liquidlike molecular surfaces. Furthermore, we consider the implications of a dynamic bias to structure determination using data from the weak alignment method ...
O:13:\PanistOpenUrl\:36:{s:10:\\u0000*\u0000openUrl\;N;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000idc\;N;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000fmt\;s:7:\journal\;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000doi\;s:0:\\;s:6:\\u0000*\u0000pii\;s:0:\\;s:7:\\u0000*\u0000pmid\;s:0:\\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000atitle\;s:92:\CIRCULAR DICHROISM STUDIES OF CYANATE-INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES IN HEMOGLOBINS A AND S.\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000jtitle\;s:0:\\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000stitle\;s:0:\\;s:7:\\u0000*\u0000date\;s:4:\1976\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000volume\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000issue\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000spage\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000epage\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000pages\;s:0:\\;s:7:\\u0000*\u0000issn\;s:0:\\;s:8:\\u0000*\u0000eissn\;s:0:\\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000aulast\;s:6:\SIMONS\;s:10:\\u0000*\u0000aufirst\;s:2:\ER\;s:9:\\u0000*\u0000auinit\;N;s:10:\\u0000*\u0000auinitm\;N;s:5:\\u0000*\u0000au\;a:4:{i:0;s:9:\SIMONS ER\;i:1;s:11:\HARTZBAND P\;i:2;s:8:\WHITIN J\;i:3;s:9:\CHAPMAN ...
In eukaryotic cells, proteins are translocated across the ER membrane through a continuous ribosome-translocon channel. It is unclear to what extent proteins can fold already within the ribosome-translocon channel, and previous studies suggest that only a limited degree of folding (such as the formation of isolated α-helices) may be possible within the ribosome. We have previously shown that the conformation of nascent polypeptide chains in transit through the ribosome-translocon complex can be probed by measuring the number of residues required to span the distance between the ribosomal P-site and the lumenally disposed active site of the oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme (J. Biol. Chem 271: 6241-6244).Using this approach, we now show that model segments composed of residues with strong helix-forming properties in water (Ala, Leu) have a more compact conformation in the ribosome-translocon channel than model segments composed of residues with weak helix-forming potential (Val, Pro). The main
Background. In eukaryotic cells, proteins are translocated across the ER membrane through a continuous ribosome-translocon channel. It is unclear to what extent proteins can fold already within the ribosome-translocon channel, and previous studies suggest that only a limited degree of folding (such as the formation of isolated α-helices) may be possible within the ribosome.. Results. We have previously shown that the conformation of nascent polypeptide chains in transit through the ribosome-translocon complex can be probed by measuring the number of residues required to span the distance between the ribosomal P-site and the lumenally disposed active site of the oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme (J. Biol. Chem 271: 6241-6244).Using this approach, we now show that model segments composed of residues with strong helix-forming properties in water (Ala, Leu) have a more compact conformation in the ribosome-translocon channel than model segments composed of residues with weak helix-forming potential ...
Serpins use an extraordinary mechanism of protease inhibition that depends on a rapid and marked conformational change and causes destruction of the covalently linked protease. Serpins thus provide stoichiometric, irreversible inhibition, and their dependence on conformational change is exploited fo …
The comparatively low latitude of the Tasman International Geospace Environment Radar (TIGER) (147.2°E, 43.4°S, geographic; −54.6°Λ), a Southern Hemisphere HF SuperDARN radar, facilitates the observation of extensive backscatter from decametre-scale irregularities drifting in the auroral and polar cap ionosphere in the midnight sector. The radar often detects a persistent, sharp increase over ~90 km of range in line-of-sight Doppler velocity spread, or spectral width, from ,50 m s−1 at lower latitude to ,200 m s−1 at higher latitude. It was previously shown that for moderately disturbed conditions in the pre-midnight sector, the location of the spectral width boundary (SWB) corresponds to the poleward edge of the auroral oval, as determined from energy spectra of precipitating particles measured on board Defense Meteorology Satellite Program satellites. This implies the radar SWB is a proxy for the open-closed magnetic field-line boundary (OCB) under these particular conditions. Here ...
Link for Professor Gonzalez. Abstract: Over the past two decades, stunning breakthroughs in the field of structural biology have continued to produce groundbreaking high-resolution structures of large, multi-component biomolecular machines. Comparative analyses of these static structures reveals the remarkable conformational flexibility of these machines and hints at the significant structural rearrangements that evidently accompany their functional cycles. Unfortunately, the experimental observation and characterization of these conformational dynamics is severely impeded by the size and complexity of biomolecular machines, severely limiting our understanding of the contributions that dynamics make to their functions. Using a combination of molecular genetic-, biochemical-, and single-molecule biophysical approaches, my research group aims to overcome these challenges and elucidate the precise roles that the conformational dynamics of biomolecular machines play in driving and controlling their ...
The coil to globule transition is a fundamental phenomenon in the physics of macro-molecules by reason of the multiplicity of arrangements of their conformation. Such conformational freedom is the main source of entropy in the molecule and is the main opponent to the transition towards the compact state, since a system tends to the state of maximum entropy. This phenomenon is captured by very simple models, such as the ensemble of Interacting Self avoiding Walks on the lattice. This model shows that the coil to globule transition belongs to the universality class of continuous transition called Θ point. Starting from a critical inspection of the definition of the interacting walks model, we introduce a refinement aiming to represent more precisely the entropy sourced from the local fluctuations of the molecule around its equilibrium conformations; this contribution is absent in the standard model which includes only the entropy generated by the multiplicity of the global conformations. Through ...
Some residues of the C, G, and H helices of Hb are a part of the α1β1 contact area. Most of these contacts are weak, non-covalent bonds, such as Van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds, although the latter have a less prominent role in α1β1 contact. These contacts form a rigid dimer, so that during Hb oxygenation and deoxygenation, movement in this area is extremely limited [1]. Therefore, any constitutional variation could give rise to structural modifications that can cause Hb precipitation in erythropoietic progenitors depending on the location of the residue within the helix, its participation in Hb functionality, and the characteristics of the residue. This, in turn, may cause ineffective erythropoiesis or hemolytic anemia. An example of these behaviors is Hb variants at position G19. Position 19 of the G helix of the globin β chain is occupied by residue 118, a histidine. This residue is located externally in the three-dimensional protein structure and interacts with two ...
Understanding the 3D molecular structure of proteins is of enormous importance in science, medicine and biotechnology. When determining the 3D structure of a protein using biophysical methods, it is often assumed that a protein molecule has a single, specific shape. Yet in reality, many proteins adopt a number of radically different conformations, that can interchange dynamically. Such a set of conformations is called an ensemble. It is precisely the ensemble aspect of protein structure that plays a major role in important diseases such as Parkinsons, type II diabetes or Alzheimers. Currently, there are few methods that can handle such ensembles, and the available methods are suboptimal, ad hoc and heuristic.. We have developed a statistically rigorous and computationally efficient method to determine the structure of protein ensembles (Olsson et al., J. Magn. Reson., 2010; Olsson et al., PLoS ONE, 2013), based on previous methods developed at the Bioinformatics center, targeting both NMR and ...