Carbonylation is the covalent, non-reversible modification of the side chains of cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues by lipid peroxidation end products such as 4-hydroxy- and 4-oxononenal. In adipose tissue the effects of such modifications are associated with increased oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation centered on mitochondrial energy metabolism. To address the role of protein carbonylation in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, quantitative proteomics was employed to identify specific targets of carbonylation in GSTA4-silenced or overexpressing 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GSTA4-silenced adipocytes displayed elevated carbonylation of several key mitochondrial proteins including the phosphate carrier protein, NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplexes 2 and 3, translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50, and valyl-tRNA synthetase. Elevated protein carbonylation is accompanied by diminished complex I activity, impaired respiration, increased superoxide production, and a ...

Oxidative stress, part of the secondary injury cascade of traumatic brain injuries (TBI), has been shown to have devastating effects on the functionality and conformation of essential proteins in the brain. Carbonylated proteins have been modified with the addition of excess oxygen, in turn, promoting loss of protein function. Gamma-glutamyl cysteinyl ethyl ester (GCEE) is an antioxidant precursor used in the production pathway of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant responsible for reducing reactive species. Antioxidants are free radical scavengers that can reduce reactive species through conjugation. This research is aimed at identifying proteins that are adversely affected by oxidative stress in association with moderate traumatic brain injuries. The major focus of the study is to determine if there is a significant difference between the amounts of carbonylated proteins in injured animals that have been treated with a glutathione mimetic versus those that did not receive treatment. Through these

TY - JOUR. T1 - Oxidative Bioactivation of Crotyl Alcohol to the Toxic Endogenous Aldehyde Crotonaldehyde: Association of Protein Carbonylation with Toxicity in Mouse Hepatocytes. AU - Fontaine, F.R.. AU - Dunlop, R.A.. AU - Petersen, D.R.. AU - Burcham, Philip. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Recent confirmation that the toxic unsaturated aldehyde crotonaldehyde (CA) contributes to protein damage during lipid peroxidation confers interest on the molecular actions of this substance. However, since a plethora of structurally related aldehydes form during membrane oxidation, clarifying the toxicological significance of individual products (e.g., CA) is challenging. To facilitate study of the mechanisms underlying CA toxicity, we explored the possibility that it can be formed enzymatically from an unsaturated precursor, crotyl alcohol. This is analogous to the way allyl alcohol is converted in vivo to its toxic oxidation product, acrolein. In kinetic studies, we found that crotyl alcohol was readily ...

Weng, S. (Contributor), Huang, K. (Contributor), Kaunang, F. (Contributor), Huang, C. (Contributor), Kao, H. (Contributor), Chang, T. (Contributor), Wang, H. (Contributor), Lu, J. (Contributor), Lee, T. (Contributor) (Mar 14 2017). Additional file 3: Table S2. of Investigation and identification of protein carbonylation sites based on position-specific amino acid composition and physicochemical features. Unknown Publisher. 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3718204_d3.v1 ...

This account reviews chelation-assisted carbonylation reactions catalyzed by late transition metals. New carbonylation reactions are achieved with these catalysts in the presence of pyridin-2-ylmethanol and pyridin-2-ylmethylamine. The reactions involve activation of O-H and N-H bonds, coordination of the pyridine nitrogen to Rh being essential for the reaction to proceed. In addition, a new type of carbonylation of the ortho C-H bonds in aromatic amides in which the pyridin-2-ylmethylamino moiety functions as a bidentate directing group, is demonstrated. In this reaction, a dinuclear ruthenium complex was isolated from a stoichiometric reaction of amide and Ru3(CO)12, in which amide binds to one Ru atom in the expected N,N fashion and the carbonyl oxygen binds to the other Ru atom as an O-donor. These studies indicate that chelation methodology is useful for new types of carbonylation reaction, which cannot be achieved by non-chelation systems. ...

Non-enzymatic protein modifications occur inevitably in all living systems. Products of such modifications accumulate during aging of cells and organisms and may contribute to their age-related functional deterioration. This review presents the formation of irreversible protein modifications such as carbonylation, nitration and chlorination, modifications by 4-hydroxynonenal, removal of modified proteins and accumulation of these protein modifications during aging of humans and model organisms, and their enhanced accumulation in age-related brain diseases.

Protein Carbonyl Content Assay Kit; Protein carbonyl content assay kit has been used to determine protein carbonyl concentration.

Autori: N. Alexandru, A. Constantin, D. Popov. Editorial: Clin Chem Lab Med ), 46(4, p.528-536, 2008.. Rezumat:. Background: In normal ageing, as well as in diabetes mellitus, blood platelets are exposed to increasing amounts of reactive oxygen species. Because occurrence of carbonyl groups is the first step in oxidative damage of proteins, we questioned the formation of carbonylated proteins (i) in vitro: platelets exposed to oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and agonist thrombin (in the presence/absence of antioxidants), and(ii) in vivo: during ageing progression, and in type 2 diabetes. Methods: Platelets were isolated from the blood of experimental animals (rats and hamsters) and humans (healthy, young and elderly), as well as from type 2 diabetics (matures and elderly). 2,4-Dinitrophenyl derivatization of the amino acid side chains was used to quantify protein carbonyls (spectrophotometry)and to immunodetect carbonylated protein bands (Western blotting). Results: In animal models and humans, ...

The polymicrobial dysbiotic subgingival biofilm microbes associated with periodontal disease appear to contribute to developing pathologies in distal body sites, including the brain. This study examined oxidative stress, in the form of increased protein carbonylation and oxidative protein damage, in the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transgenic mouse that models inflammatory TNF-α excess during bacterial infection; and in the apolipoprotein knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse brains, following Porphyromonas gingivalis gingival monoinfection. Following 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization, carbonyl groups were detected in frontal lobe brain tissue lysates by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis of fixed tissue sections from the frontotemporal lobe and the hippocampus. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of variable carbonyl content and oxidative protein damage in all lysates, with TNF-α transgenic blots exhibiting increased protein carbonyl content, with consistently prominent ...

Palladium-catalysed alkoxy- and aminocarbonylation of aryl (pseudo)halides provides efficient access to aromatic esters and amides. The broad application of this approach has been restricted by functional group tolerance, high reaction temperatures and moderate catalyst efficiency. Free-radical carbonylation is a complementary approach not confined by the same inherent limitations of palladium-catalysed carbonylative cross-coupling methodology. The development of free-radical carbonylation has been hindered by the ability to selectively generate the carbon-centred radical species and the high pressures of carbon monoxide required to drive the carbonylation step. This thesis describes the development of visible light photoredox-catalysed alkoxy- and aminocarbonylation of aryl (pseudo)halides. Visible light photoredox-catalysis is a potent method to generate carbon-centred radicals selectively under mild reaction conditions. Aryl radicals can be trapped by carbon monoxide to afford carbonyl ...

The field of ROS had undergone a paradigm shift when the idea had emerged that these species are not merely damage-causing but can also serve as second messengers for signal transduction.1,2,4 Subsequent to the reports by Herzenberg and colleagues showing that antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine can inhibit nuclear factor κB and HIV activation,42,43 Baeuerle and colleagues proposed that H2O2 is a widely used second messenger for nuclear factor κB activation in T cells.8 In vascular smooth muscle, early work demonstrated that ROS promoted cell growth, protooncogene expression,44 and Ca2+ signaling.10 Subsequently, ROS were reported to mediate signal transduction induced by angiotensin II6 and platelet-derived growth factor9 in aortic SMCs. In pulmonary artery SMCs, Fanburg and colleagues found that serotonin activates the production of superoxide45,46 and H2O2,47 presumably via NAD(P)H oxidase. We have shown that GATA-4 transcription factor plays an important role in pulmonary artery SMC ...

3. Solvent accessibility is predicted by ACCpro20 (higher score = more accessible). For protein regions with known PDB structure, the solvent accessibility is also calculated using DSSP (baseline score of -5 means no structure/solvent-accessibility info). ...

Carbonylated proteins were visualized in single cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealing that they accumulate with replicative age. Furthermore, carbonylated proteins were not inherited by daughter cells during cytokinesis. Mother cells of a yeast strain lacking the sir2 gene, a life-span determinant, failed to retain oxidatively damaged proteins during cytokinesis. These findings suggest that a genetically determined, Sir2p-dependent asymmetric inheritance of oxidatively damaged proteins may contribute to free-radical defense and the fitness of newborn cells. ...

Introduction: The endogenous dipeptide L-tyrosine-L-arginine (kyotorphin, KTP) is found in brain structures related to the processing of information for nociception, the control of emotions, and memory formation. Besides the antinociceptive effect of KTP, it has a mild protective activity against the deleterious influence of the brain hypoperfusion and streptozotocin on the behavior and memory. Aim: We aimed to study the effects of the intracerebroventricular injection of effective antinociceptive doses of KTP on the motivational behavior, memory, and blood and hippocampal levels of the carbonylated proteins in healthy male adult Wistar rats.Materials and methods: We used a paw-pressure test for assessment of acute nociception, an open field test for assessment of exploration and habituation to a new environment, elevated plus maze test for the evaluation of anxiety-like behavior, and novel object recognition test for working memory. Carbonylated protein assay was used for the assessment

A CO-free palladium-catalyzed cyclizative carbonylation of 2-benzylpyridines was developed, leading to pyridoisoquinolinones. This procedure proceeded with the sequential carbonylation of the ortho-C-H bond and the dearomative C-N bond formation. The combination of acetic anhydride and formic acid rather than toxic

Introduction Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are important cytotoxic mediators generated by lipid oxidation of PUFAs, leading to alteration of the cellular function and inducing irreversible structural modifications to biomolecules. RCS belong to different chemical classes such as alfa,beta-unsaturated aldehydes [4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), acrolein (ACR)], dialdehydes [malondialdehyde (MDA), glyoxal (GO)], levuglandines and prostaglandin member of J2 series. RCS are electrophilic and reactive compounds capable to form covalent adducts with nucleophilic molecules in particular proteins and nucleic acids. RCS and the corresponding adducts with proteins (carbonylated proteins) are widely used as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and, in general, of oxidative stress. Moreover, there are several convincing evidences supporting a pathogenic role for RCS, such as in the case of diabetic-related diseases, age-dependent tissue dysfunction, and metabolic distress syndrome. Consequently, RCS, in ...

The rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a state of elevated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, is expected to cause future increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sugars produces reactive carbonyl species, which, due to their electrophilic nature, react with the nucleophilic sites of certain amino acids. This leads to formation of protein adducts such as advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs), resulting in cellular dysfunction. Therefore, an effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering agent may be able to prevent such cellular dysfunction. There is accumulating evidence that histidine containing dipeptides such as carnosine (|TEX|${\beta}$|/TEX|-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (|TEX|${\beta}$|/TEX|-alanyl-methyl-L-histidine) detoxify cytotoxic reactive carbonyls by forming unreactive adducts and are able to reverse glycated protein.

Protein carbonyl is one of the most commonly found markers of oxidative damage in proteins. It is an extremely reliable, stable marker of protein oxidation and often can be measured reliably in samples frozen for more than one year. We offer Protein Carbonyl Assays in several formats: An extremely sensitive Protein Carbonyl ELISA kit A convenient, user-friendly Protein Carbonyl Immunoblot kit A simple Protein Carbonyl Fluorometric microplate-based assay

Paper:Carbonyl protein plasma level in dialysis patients , Author:Amany Nabih Ibrahim, Osama Saad El-Shaer, Gamal Eliwa Mohamed, Hisham Ali Issa. , Year:2012 , Faculty of Medicine ,Department of CLINICAL & CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY ,Benha University

Accumulation of oxidative damage is a common feature of neurodegeneration that, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, point to the fact that reactive oxygen species are major contributors to loss of neuronal homoeostasis and cell death. Among several targets of oxidative stress, free-radical-mediated damage to proteins is particularly important in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In the majority of cases, oxidative-stress-mediated post-translational modifications cause non-reversible modifications of protein structure that consistently lead to impaired function. Redox proteomics methods are powerful tools to unravel the complexity of neurodegeneration, by identifying brain proteins with oxidative post-translational modifications that are detrimental for protein function. The present review discusses the current literature showing evidence of impaired pathways linked to oxidative stress possibly involved in the neurodegenerative process leading to the development of ...

Coastal marine environments have become increasingly impacted by anthropogenic contamination, particularly from industrialisation, agricultural run-off and marine traffic. It is essential that we better understand the underlying mechanisms of toxicity that these pollutants pose to natural populations of marine species. Oxidative stress (OS) in organisms occurs when the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation exceeds the scavenging capacity of an organisms antioxidant (AO) system and is an important unifying feature underlying the toxicity of many chemical contaminants in aquatic organisms. Oxidative stress is also thought to be a possible mediator of trade-offs between current and future reproduction. The studies included in this thesis utilized AO enzyme activities, levels of the molecular antioxidant glutathione, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation and levels of 8-OHdG in DNA as OS biomarkers in a range of marine invertebrates. The objectives were to evaluate the general ...

JOURNAL «ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY» №3 2017, VOLUME 23: Oxidative carbonylation of proteins in experimental hind-limb ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Buy Modern Carbonylation Methods (ISBN) 3527318968 at best cost range online in India. Get lowest price deal, free home delivery & cash on delivery.

High intake of natural antioxidants (NA) from plant-derived foods and beverages is thought to provide cardiovascular benefits. The endothelium plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and for this reason, the molecular events resulting from NA actions on endothelial cells (ECs) are actively investigated. Here, we show the direct impact of two NA, coumaric acid and resveratrol, on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, protein carbonylation, and cell physiology in human ECs. While at lower doses, both NA promoted antioxidant effects, at moderately high doses, NA elicited a dose-dependent pro-oxidant effect, which was followed by apoptosis, cell damage, and phospho-Akt downregulation. NA-induced pro-oxidant effects were counteracted by N-acetyl cysteine and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), suggesting a role for flavin oxidases in NA-induced toxicity. DPI also prevented NA-induced phospho-Akt downregulation indicating that Akt can work downstream of flavin oxidases in mediating cellular ...

CCD-WT mice exhibited heightened nociception than pain free mice and nociception tightly correlated with circulating aldehyde (4-HNE) accumulation and cardiac protein carbonylation. CCD induced 4-HNE overload provoked cardiac SIRT1 carbonylative inactivation and impairment the cardioprotection of LKB1-mediated AMPK activation during MI/R, which resulting in enhanced MI/R injury and higher mortality compare with pain free WT mice. In comparison to WT, chronic neuropathic pain enhanced susceptibility to MI/R injury was further exacerbated by ALDH2 deficiency in which associated with more impaired SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK signaling. Further, peripheral injection of 4-HNE induced a sustained allodynia, and increased circulating aldehyde load to the same degree as that seen in CCD-WT mice. The 4-HNE exposure can simulate cardiac SIRT1 carbonylative inactivation and sensitization to MI/R injury, which was observed in CCD-WT mice. However, treatment of CCD-WT mice with ALDH2-selective activator (Alda-1) ...

Shearn CT, Pulliam CF, Pedersen K, Meredith K, Mercer KE, Saba LM, Orlicky DJ, Ronis MJ, Petersen DR. Knockout of the Gsta4 Gene in Male Mice Leads to an Altered Pattern of Hepatic Protein Carbonylation and Enhanced Inflammation Following Chronic Consumption of an Ethanol Diet. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 07; 42(7):1192-1205 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an isocaloric beverage with added protein and vitamins (CHOPA) would influence oxidative stress and inflammation after cycling to exhaustion as indicated by plasma protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Twelve trained men (18-33 yr) volunteered and performed this randomized crossover study. Participants cycled at 70% VO2peak until fatigue and at 80% VO2peak 22-24 hr later to fatigue with either carbohydrate or CHOPA. Blood collected before the cycling at rest and 24, 48, and 72 hr after the exercise was analyzed for PC and LOOH spectrophotometrically and for IL-6 via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed with SPSS using repeated-measures ANOVA. PC demonstrated significant treatment (p = .037) and time (p = .004) effects with no Treatment × Time interaction. PC was higher in the CHOPA treatment than with CHO independent of time and increased at 24 (48%), 48 (59%), and 72 (67%) hr ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Plant redox proteomics. AU - Navrot,Nicolas. AU - Finnie,Christine. AU - Svensson,Birte. AU - Hägglund,Per. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - In common with other aerobic organisms, plants are exposed to reactive oxygen species resulting in formation of post-translational modifications related to protein oxidoreduction (redox PTMs) that may inflict oxidative protein damage. Accumulating evidence also underscores the importance of redox PTMs in regulating enzymatic activities and controlling biological processes in plants. Notably, proteins controlling the cellular redox state, e.g. thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, appear to play dual roles to maintain oxidative stress resistance and regulate signal transduction pathways via redox PTMs. To get a comprehensive overview of these types of redox-regulated pathways there is therefore an emerging interest to monitor changes in redox PTMs on a proteome scale. Compared to some other PTMs, e.g. protein phosphorylation, redox PTMs have received less ...

In compilation Catalytic Hydroprocessing in Oil Refining : II Scientific-Technological Symposium, Belgrade, 2016. 2016. - C.159-160 ...

Description: The most common products of protein oxidation in biological samples are the carbonyl derivatives of proline, lysine, arginine and threonine residues. Such derivatives are chemically stable and serve as markers for oxidative stress in most types of reactive oxygen species. Our OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl ELISA Kit provides a rapid, efficient method for the detection of protein carbonyl residues. The ELISA format is perfect for higher throughput and high sensitivity; we have eliminated concentration and precipitation steps allowing greater sample retention ...

Description: The most common products of protein oxidation in biological samples are the carbonyl derivatives of proline, lysine, arginine and threonine residues. Such derivatives are chemically stable and serve as markers for oxidative stress in most types of reactive oxygen species. Our OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl ELISA Kit provides a rapid, efficient method for the detection of protein carbonyl residues. The ELISA format is perfect for higher throughput and high sensitivity; we have eliminated concentration and precipitation steps allowing greater sample retention ...

293456328 - EP 0978501 A1 20000209 - Acetic acid reactive distillation process based on dme/methanol carbonylation - A process for the production and purification of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol, DME or reactive derivatives thereof in a distillation column containing a homogenous catalyst system.[origin: EP0978501A1] A process for the production and purification of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol, DME or reactive derivatives thereof in a distillation column containing a homogenous catalyst system.

Purpose : Lack of research efforts to evaluate the mechanisms of corneal toxicity from chloropicrin (Trichloronitromethane; PS, CP) exposure has hampered the development of effective treatments against ocular surface injury from this fumigant and pesticide, which is a potential agent of warfare and terrorism. This study tested our hypothesis that CP-induced oxidative stress-related 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) production and subsequent protein carbonylation could play an important role in the mechanism of corneal toxicity from CP. Methods : Toxic effects of CP (0-100 µM) were studied in primary human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Cell viability and apoptotic cell death was determined using MTT and Hoechst assays, respectively. Western blot analysis was carried out at 24 h post-exposure to examine molecular markers of CP-induced toxicity, which could contribute to the CP (50 µM)-induced cellular toxicity. Proteomic analysis was carried out to identify carbonylated proteins via biotin-hydrazide ...

The inositolphosphosphingolipid phospholipase C (Isc1p) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae belongs to the family of neutral sphingomyelinases that generates the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide. In this work the role of Isc1p in oxidative stress resistance and chronological lifespan was investigated. Loss of Isc1p resulted in a higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide that was associated with an increase in oxidative stress markers, namely intracellular oxidation, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation. Microarray analysis showed that Isc1p deficiency up-regulated the iron regulon leading to increased levels of iron, which is known to catalyze the production of the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. In agreement, iron chelation suppressed hydrogen peroxide sensitivity of isc1Delta mutants. Cells lacking Isc1p also displayed a shortened chronological lifespan associated with oxidative stress markers and aging of parental cells was correlated with a decrease in Isc1p activity. The

0052]The carbonylation reactions were carried out in a pressure flow reactor unit consisting of 16 identical reactors of the type described in for example, WO 2005063372. Prior to the loading of a catalyst sample into the reactor, a 5 cm (approx.) bed of steatite of sieve fraction of 100-350 μm was placed in the respective catalyst sample holder. A 5 cm (approx.) zone of corundum of sieve fraction of 125-160 μm was placed on top of the steatit bed. A 1 ml sample of a catalyst was placed on top of the corundum bed. The catalyst sample was covered by approximately 5 cm corundum zone (inner diameter of the reactor used for the test is 3.6 mm) of a particle size of 125-160 μm. A 5 cm (approx.) zone of steatite of sieve fraction of 100-350 μm was placed on top of the corundum bed. Every zone was compacted via hitting or vibrating to get a stable bed and a defined starting height of the catalyst zone. The catalyst sample was then pressurised to the desired reaction pressure of 45 bar with CO at a ...

A multi-biomarker approach was conducted in the scallop Chlamys farreri from three sites, denoted here as S1, S2, and S3, in Qingdao coastal areas of China in March, June, September and December 2014 to assess pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to select appropriate biomarkers. A suite of biological responses of the gills and digestive glands of the scallops was assayed, including: (i) phase I detoxification enzymes of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), epoxide hydrolase (EH), and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD) and phase II detoxification enzymes of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and sulfotransferase (SULT); (ii) antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); (iii) oxidative damage parameters: lipid peroxidation (LPO) expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, protein carbonylation (PC) and DNA damage (F value); and (iv) the metabolism-related genes of EH, DD, GST, SULT and SOD ...

Sanjanwala, Harshin U. (2019) Molecular Nickel-Catalysts for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2. Undergraduate thesis, under the direction of Jared Delcamp from Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi. Sessums, Ryan (2015) Effect of Biochar and Activated Carbon Amendments on Gaseous Mercury Emissions of Soil and Mercury Methylation Rates in Sediment. Undergraduate thesis, under the direction of James Cizdziel from Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi. Sharpe, Emily Anne (2016) Rhenium-Pyridyl-NHCs for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Undergraduate thesis, under the direction of Jared H. Delcamp from Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi. Sheffield, Dalton (2019) Assessing the Effects of Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Protein Carbonylation. Undergraduate thesis, under the direction of Yu-Dong Zhou from Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi. Singh, Manpreet (2016) The Synthesis of ...

Huntingtons disease (HD) is caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical damage occur in both R6/2 mice and HD patient brains and might play a role in disease pathogenesis. In cell culture systems, heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a small molecular chaperone, suppresses mutant huntingtin-induced reactive oxygen species formation and cell death. To investigate this in vivo, we conducted an extensive phenotypic characterization of mice arising from a cross between R6/2 mice and Hsp27 transgenic mice but did not observe an improvement of the R6/2 phenotype. Hsp27 overexpression had no effect in reducing oxidative stress in the R6/2 brain, assessed by measuring striatal aconitase activity and protein carbonylation levels. Native protein gel analysis revealed that transgenic Hsp27 forms active, large oligomeric species in heat-shocked brain lysates, demonstrating that it is efficiently activated upon stress. In contrast, Hsp27 in ...

Iron nanoparticles are widely utilized in cosmetic makeup products, food products and textile industry. peroxidation and proteins carbonylation along with a significant lower in activity of 1448671-31-5 supplier Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, total Glutathione amounts and total antioxidant capability with raising focus of shown nanoparticles indicated that the cells had been under oxidative tension. The study established WAG cell series as an operational system to study toxicity systems of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. Launch Nanoparticles possess exclusive physicochemical properties credited to their little size, huge surface area region and high reactivity. These particular properties give them ideal for many applications such as therapeutics [1], environmental remediation [2], antimicrobial realtors [3], transfection vectors [4], customer items [5] and neon brands [6]. Therefore, nanotechnology based sectors are developing leading to large range creation of engineered nanoparticles ...

The ecotoxicology of nano-TiO2 has been extensively studied in recent years; however, few toxicological investigations have considered the photocatalytic properties of the substance, which can increase its toxicity to aquatic biota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on fish exposed to different nano-TiO2 concentrations and illumination conditions. The interaction of these variables was investigated by observing the survival of the organisms, together with biomarkers of biochemical and genetic alterations. Fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were exposed for 96 h to 0, I, 10, and 100 mg/L of nano-TiO2, under visible light, and visible light with ultraviolet (UV) light (22.47 J/cm(2)/h). The following biomarkers of oxidative stress were monitored in the liver: concentrations of lipid hydroperoxide and carbonylated protein, and specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Other biomarkers of physiological function were also studied: the specific ...

Buy, download and read Redox Proteomics ebook online in PDF format for iPhone, iPad, Android, Computer and Mobile readers. Author: Isabella Dalle-Donne; Andrea Scaloni; D. Allan Butterfield; Dominic M. Desiderio; Nico M. Nibbering. ISBN: 9780471973119. Publisher: Wiley. Methodology and applications of redox proteomics The relatively new and rapidly changing field of redox proteomics has the potential to revolutionize how we diagnose disease, assess risks, determin

This perspective focuses on illustrating the underappreciated connections between reactive carbonyl species (RCS), preliminary binding in the nonenzymatic glycation (NEG) course of, and nonenzymatic covalent protein modification (right here termed NECPM). While glucose is the central species concerned in NEG, latest research point out that the initially-bound glucose species in the NEG of human hemoglobin (HbA) and human serum albumin (HSA) are non-RCS ring-closed isomers. The ring-opened glucose, an RCS construction that reacts in the NEG course of, is most probably generated from previously-bound ring-closed isomers present process concerted acid/base reactions whereas sure to protein. The technology of the glucose RCS can contain concomitantly-bound physiological species (e.g., inorganic phosphate, water, and so on.); right here termed effector reagents. Extant NEG schemes dont account for these latest findings. In addition, effector reagent reactions with glucose in the serum and ...

It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational changes be it enzymatic or non-enzymatic. in the Western Society for the Biomedical Study on Alcoholism Achieving held September 12-15 2015 in Valencia Spain. electrophilic varieties including reactive aldehydes (carbonylation) acyl organizations (acetylation) and sugars moieties (glycosylation). CARBONYLATION A key contributor to the pathogenesis of ALD is definitely enhanced hepatocellular oxidative stress resulting from the production of reactive oxygen varieties induction of Cyp2E1 as well as xanthine and NADPH oxidases[12-16]. These reactive varieties in turn induce lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid forming α/β unsaturated aldehydes[17 18 The best KX2-391 2HCl characterized of these carbonyl-derivatives include 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KX2-391 2HCl (4-HNE) 4 malondialdehyde (MDA) and acrolein. Following their formation these highly reactive lipid electrophiles improve DNA as well as ...

Chemistry Synthesis of test compounds is outlined in Schemes Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Scheme 3, Scheme 4. Compounds 3-5 were synthesized as described in Scheme 1. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of triflates derived from phenols 19a and b in the presence of methanol afforded methyl esters 20a and b. Bromination of 20a and b with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of benzoyl perbromide provided 21a and b, respectively. Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) reduction of 4-bromo-2-methyl benzoic acid 22 gave an alcohol 23. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 23 in the presence of methanol provided a methyl benzoate 24, bromination of which afforded a benzylbromide 21c. Alkylation of a phenol intermediate 25 with benzyl halides 21a-c in the presence of potassium carbonate afforded 26a-c, respectively. Alkaline hydrolysis of methyl esters 26a-c gave 3-5, respectively. Synthesis of 6 is described in Scheme 2. Esterification of the benzoic acid 27 with diazomethane followed by LAH reduction gave a benzyl ...

Principal Investigator：IZUMI Yusuke, Project Period (FY)：1991 - 1992, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B), Research Field：有機工業化学

Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry. Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry II. Organisk kemi. ...

RESULTS: Reduced neurotransmission at the CA3-CA1 synapse and reduced number of cells accompanied with reduced width of CA1 pyramidal cell layer were observed at the late stage of TMT intoxication (7 mg/kg, i.p.). Long-term potentiation of excitatory postsynaptic potential, elicited by train stimulation (100 Hz, 1s), was not impaired by the dose of TMT tested. Activation of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 suggests involvement of apoptosis in neuronal cell death in the hippocampus at the late stage of TMT intoxication. Increased protein carbonyl formation was proved in the cortex at the early stage of TMT intoxication compared both to controls in the early and late stage and to the late stage of TMT action ...

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Modulation of glutathione peroxidase activity by age-dependent carbonylation in glomeruli of diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Nov 22. pii: S1056-8727(17)31094-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.007. [Epub ahead of print] ...

Modulation of glutathione peroxidase activity by age-dependent carbonylation in glomeruli of diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Nov 22. pii: S1056-8727(17)31094-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.007. [Epub ahead of print] ...

Our mechanistic study of CO generation from phenyl formate (1) revealed that abstraction of formyl proton by a weak base like trialkylamine triggers the simultaneous formation of CO and phenoxide in a concerted bimolecular α-elimination fashion (Scheme 2).17 The base works catalytically, and the use of stronger bases or polar solvents accelerates the CO generation. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups into phenyl formate also enhances its reactivity, which rationalizes the higher reactivity of 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl formate (2) compared to that of 1. Importantly, the rate of CO generation can be actively controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions and changing the structure of the aryl formates. Indeed, we have succeeded in performing room-temperature carbonylation of iodoarenes using 1 that previously required a high temperature (80 °C) for CO generation.17 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Access to oxetane-containing psico-nucleosides from 2-methyleneoxetanes. T2 - A role for neighboring group participation?. AU - Liang, Yanke. AU - Hnatiuk, Nathan. AU - Rowley, John M.. AU - Whiting, Bryan T.. AU - Coates, Geoffrey W.. AU - Rablen, Paul R.. AU - Morton, Martha. AU - Howell, Amy R.. PY - 2011/12/16. Y1 - 2011/12/16. N2 - The first psico-oxetanocin analogue of the powerful antiviral natural product, oxetanocin A, has been readily synthesized from cis-2-butene-1,4-diol. Key 2-methyleneoxetane precursors were derived from β-lactones prepared by the carbonylation of epoxides. F +-mediated nucleobase incorporation provided the corresponding nucleosides in good yield but with low diastereoselectivity. Surprisingly, attempted exploitation of anchimeric assistance to increase the selectivity was not fruitful. A range of 2-methyleneoxetane and related 2-methylenetetrahydrofuran substrates was prepared to explore the basis for this. With one exception, these substrates ...

Protein oxidation is a recognized component of aging and a consequence of severe or prolonged exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Direct attack of protein by ROS causes formation of...

Egea, J., Fabregat, I., Frapart, Y. M., Ghezzi, P., Görlach, A., Kietzmann, T., Kubaichuk, K., Knaus, U. G., Lopez, M. G., Olaso-Gonzalez, G., Petry, A., Schulz, R., Vina, J., Winyard, P., Abbas, K., Ademowo, S., Afonso, C. B., Andreadou, I., Antelmann, H., Antunes, F., Aslan, M., Bachschmid, M. M., Barbosa, R. M., Belousov, V., Berndt, C., Bernlohr, D., Bertrán, E., Bindoli, A., Bottari, S. P., Brito, P. M., Carrara, G., Casas, A. I., Chatzi, A., Chondrogianni, N., Conrad, M., Cooke, M. S., Costa, J. G., Cuadrado, A., My-Chan Dang, P., De Smet, B., Debelec-butuner, B., Dias, I., Dunn, J. D., Edson, A. J., El Assar, M., El-Benna, J., Ferdinandy, P., Fernandes, A. S., Fladmark, K. E., Förstermann, U., Giniatullin, R., Giricz, Z., Görbe, A., Griffiths, H., Hampl, V., Hanf, A., Herget, J., Hernansanz-Agustín, P., Hillion, M., Huang, J., Ilikay, S., Jansen-Dürr, P., Jaquet, V., Joles, J. A., Kalyanaraman, B., Kaminskyy, D., Karbaschi, M., Kleanthous, M., Klotz, L-O., Korac, B., Korkmaz, K. S., ...