The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor, and key regulator of prostate development and cancer, which has discrete functions in stromal versus epithelial cells. AR expressed in mesenchyme is necessary and sufficient for prostate development while loss of stromal AR is predictive of prostate cancer progression. Many studies have characterized genome-wide binding of AR in prostate tumour cells but none have used primary mesenchyme or stroma. We applied ChIPseq to identify genomic AR binding sites in primary human fetal prostate fibroblasts and patient derived cancer associated fibroblasts, as well as the WPMY1 cell line overexpressing AR. We identified AR binding sites that were specific to fetal prostate fibroblasts (7534), cancer fibroblasts (629), WPMY1-AR (2561) as well as those common among all (783). Primary fibroblasts had a distinct AR binding profile versus prostate cancer cell lines and tissue, and showed a localisation to gene promoter binding sites 1 kb upstream of the
Diabetic Mouse Prostate Smooth Muscle Cells from Creative Bioarray are isolated from the prostate of Diabetic (db/db) mice (8 weeks). Diabetic Mouse Prostate Smooth Muscle Cells are grown in T25 tissue culture flasks pre-coated with gelatin-based coating solution for 2 min and incubated in Creative Bioarrays Culture Complete Growth Medium generally for 3-7 days. Prior to shipping, cells at passage 1 are detached from the culture flasks and immediately cryo-preserved in vials. Each vial contains at least 0.5x10^6cells per ml and is delivered frozen ...
Prostate Epithelial Cell Basal Medium is a sterile, phenol red-free, liquid tissue culture medium intended for use as one component in a complete ATCC ® Primary Cell Solutions ™ system. This serum-free system is designed to support prostate epithelial cells derived from normal human prostate. Prostate Epithelial Cell Basal Medium contains essential and non-essential amino acids, vitamins, other organic compounds, trace minerals and inorganic salts. To support the proliferation and plating efficiency of various types of prostate epithelial cells, Prostate Cell Basal Medium must be supplemented with the appropriate cell-specific growth kit. When using this complete media system, the growth of prostate epithelial cells is supported without the use of feeder layers, extracellular matrix proteins or other substrates. A. For prostate epithelial cells derived from prostate tissue (e.g., Primary Prostate Epithelial Cells, Normal, Human, ATCC ® PCS-440-010), supplement Prostate Epithelial Cell Basal
4. Kill mouse by cervical dislocation 5. Spray with 70%ethanol, open skin over abdomen with sterile scissors, open muscle tissue to face abdominal organs (best place to cut is lower abdominal region) 6. Take out the bladder by holding onto it with forceps; pull organs attached to bladder, including urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles (SV) out. Cut urethra and connective tissue below to pull out whole periurethral region. Put into 60 mm dish with HBSS. 7. Using a stereo microscope, dissect prostate lobes. First, remove all non-prostate tissue and connective tissue: remove ductus deferens, ampullary gland (if present), and all fat tissue (resembles Styrofoam in appearance). Keep prostate tissue (transparent glandular tissue). Prostate lobes can be found: the anterior prostate is the biggest lobe and lines the inner curvature of the SV. The dorsal prostate is attached to both the initial segment of the outer curvature of the SV and the urethra. The lateral and ventral prostates are located above ...
A functional model of adult human prostate epithelium is described. This model shows that stromal cells, but not an androgenic stimuli, are required for architectural organisation of prostate epithelium. Within an organised structure, androgenic stimulation is required for the establishment of secretory epithelial cell morphology and associated function. In the absence of stromal cells but in the presence of androgens architectural organisation and secretory function are lost. Epithelial parenchymal units (organoids) from human prostate tissue were isolated, cultured within a three-dimensional collagen matrix, and xenografted subcutaneously into athymic mouse hosts. The grafted gels were rapidly invaded by host fibroblasts. Epithelial organisation initially disappeared but was re-established concurrently with the stromal cell invasion. In intact male hosts, cuboidal and columnar cells that expressed human prostate-specific secretory markers were found. In castrated male and in female hosts ...
Early Effects of Castration Therapy in Non-malignant and Malignant Prostate Tissue. BACKGROUND. Androgen ablation, the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer, results in increased apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation and subsequent involution of the prostate gland. The mechanisms behind these responses are largely unknown, but effects in the prostatic epithelium are believed to be mediated by primary changes in the stroma. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate short-term cellular effects of castration-induced prostate tissue involution in mice and humans.. METHODS. Prostate tissue factors affected by castration were investigated using cDNA-arrays, micro-dissection, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The effects of local insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) administration were investigated in intact and castrated mice. Non-malignant and malignant epithelial and stromal cells were micro-dissected from human prostate biopsies taken before and within two ...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the United States (Siegel et al., 2016) and the second most common malignancy in men worldwide (Torre et al., 2015). Although prostate carcinoma arises from the epithelium, numerous studies have revealed the potential influence of reciprocal interactions between prostate stromal cells (fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells or SMCs) and cancer epithelial cells on tumor progression (Barron and Rowley, 2012; Franco and Hayward, 2012). For example, human prostate carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, but not normal prostate fibroblasts, induce substantial growth and neoplasia of nonmalignant human prostate epithelial cell lines in tissue recombinants in mice (Olumi et al., 1999). Furthermore, the proportion of reactive stroma within human PCa samples has prognostic value for PCa-specific death (Ayala et al., 2003, 2011). Unlike normal prostate stroma that is primarily composed of mature SMCs, the reactive stroma of ...
Loss of TP63 expression in the prostate epithelium is a hallmark of invasive prostate cancer. An inability of prostate epithelial cells to undergo apoptosis, a process regulated by both TP63 and TP53, is a feature of their malignant transformation. p53 mutations in prostate cancer are uncommon, being mainly associated with advanced metastatic disease. Therefore it is likely that the inability of wild-type p53 to initiate and execute apoptosis is due to molecular alterations elsewhere in the apoptotic pathway. iASPP is an inhibitory member of the ASPP family of proteins and is known to inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis and regulate p63 function. In this work we have investigated how iASPP can affect normal prostate development and prostate tumourigenesis. By utilising an iASPP-deficient mouse model, we show that iASPP plays a key role in normal prostate development and homeostasis by maintaining the TP63-positive basal cell lineage of the prostate epithelium. The loss of iASPP is associated with ...
Aim: Establish the main differences in the prostate volume, prostate specific antigen density (PSAD), number of biopsy samples in patients with primarily or rebiopsy detected prostate cancer. Materials and methods: In the 2007-2009 period, at the KCUS Urology Clinic, there were 379 TRUS guided prostate biopsies in 323 patients with known prostate volume. The total of 56 patients (17.3%) underwent the first rebiopsy, primarily due to precancerous lesions. The mean prostate volume, ranges of prostate size, PSAT, PSAD and the number of biopsy samples were analysed retrospectively, and the main characteristics in patients with primarily and rebiopsy diagnosed Pca were evaluated as well. Results: The first biopsy cancer detection rate was 29.6% (112/379). The rebiopsy detection rate was 30.3%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prostate volume and the number of biopsy samples among the total number of patients with prostate cancer against the group with benign (suspected) ...
Background: The incidence of infection associated with transrectal prostate biopsy has been increasing largely due to fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR). Purpose: To identify the antibiotic prescribing patterns employed when men seek medical professionals due to infectious complications of prostate biopsy, and employ a quality improvement initiative to improve antibiotic selection. Methods: A retrospective review determined the percentage of patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) after TRUS biopsy, and whether they were given appropriate antibiotic therapy. Prospective quality improvement was initiated by obtaining cultures via rectal swab at the time of transrectal biopsy in order to allow culture results and fluoroquinolone sensitivities to be available in the electronic medical record. The provider to guide antibiotic selection if the patient returned with infection symptoms could utilize the data. Findings: From 10/2009 to 6/2014, 0.5% (9/1724) of patients who underwent TRUS prostate
The paired non-malignant and malignant African-American prostate epithelial cell lines RC-77 T/E and RC-77 N/E represent one of only a few cell lines derived from African-American prostate cancer patients [30]. E006AA, RC-165 N, and MDA-PCa 2a/2b are other African-American patient-derived cell lines. E006AA also has a highly tumorigenic derivative, E006AA-hT, and an associated stroma cell line, S006AA [27]. While the E006AA-hT model can be used to examine the differences between less and more highly tumorigenic cancers, it does not have a non-malignant paired epithelial cell line. The RC-165 N cell line is unique because it was derived from benign prostate tissue of an African-American male and was immortalized by telomerase [41]. This cell line is useful for understanding the functions of the androgen receptor in prostate epithelial cells. MDA-PCa 2a/2b cells are tumorigenic but differ in vivo and in vitro. These cell lines are a useful androgen sensitive model, but, unlike RC-77 cells, they do ...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of vascular response in the castration-induced regression of benign and malignant human prostate tissue, as recent studies show that castration rapidly decreases blood flow and induces endothelial cell death, which may be important for subsequent epithelial cell death and involution of the glandular tissue of the prostate.. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors was analysed using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in benign and tumour areas of core biopsies taken before, and approximately 1 week after castration therapy. The castration-induced VEGF response was related to therapy-induced changes in tumour cell apoptotic index and subsequent response in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In another set of patients, serum VEGF was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before, and at 3--6 months after castration therapy.. RESULTS: VEGF mRNA was down-regulated ...
Prostate development is a complex process, and knowledge about this process is increasingly required for both basic developmental biology studies and clinical prostate cancer research, as prostate tumorigenesis can be regarded as the restoration of development in the adult prostate. Using rodent animal models, scientists have revealed that the development of the prostate is mainly mediated by androgen receptor (AR) signaling and that some other signaling pathways also play indispensable roles. However, there are still many unknowns in human prostate biology, mainly due to the limited availability of proper fetal materials. Here, we first briefly review prostate development with a focus on the AR, WNT, and BMP signaling pathways is necessary for prostate budding/BMP signaling pathways. Based on the current progress in in vitro prostatic differentiation and organoid techniques, we propose human pluripotent stem cells as an emerging model to study human prostate development.
Clusterin, ubiquitously distributed in mammalians, was cloned and identified as the most potently induced gene during rat prostate involution following androgen deprivation. Also found to be involved in many other patho-physiological processes, its biological significance is still controversial, particularly with regard to apoptosis. We previously showed that transient over-expression of clusterin blocked cell cycle progression of simian-virus-40-immortalized human prostate epithelial cell lines PNT1A and PNT2. We show in the present study that the accumulation of an intracellular 45 kDa clusterin isoform was an early event closely associated with death of PNT1A cells caused by cell detachment followed by apoptosis induction (anoikis). Cell morphological changes, decreased proliferation rate and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1-S-phase checkpoint were all strictly associated with the production and early translocation to the nucleus of a 45 kDa clusterin isoform. Later, nuclear clusterin was found ...
Supplementary Material for: Are Transrectal Prostate Biopsies Routinely Indicated in Patients with Incidentally Diagnosed Prostate Cancer following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Disease?
A transperineal biopsy of the prostate, performed under a general anaesthetic, is therefore carried out via the skin overlying this area. Epub 20. The recovery prostate biopsy after effects process after biopsy usually depends on the patients health and age.. &0183;&32;Physical after-effects following prostate biopsy in routine practice are common, and in some men, serious enough to warrant contacting hospital or community services. prostate biopsy after effects Are there any side effects after Prostate Biopsy? &0183;&32;Some people may notice a prostate biopsy after effects rust- or red-colored prostate biopsy after effects tint to their semen for several weeks after their prostate biopsy after effects biopsies, notes Mayo Clinic. Early management prostate biopsy after effects of side effects has been shown to help patients prostate biopsy after effects live longer, better lives. Clots in the bladder are a problem only if they obstruct the flow of urine i.. Patients often times see clots in ...
{ consumer: A prostate biopsy is a test to remove small samples of prostate tissue to be looked at under a microscope. The tissue samples taken are looked at for cancer cells. For a transrectal prostate biopsy, an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum. Guided by ultrasound, a spring-loaded needle is used to take samples..., clinical: A prostate biopsy is a test to remove small samples of prostate tissue to be looked at under a microscope. The tissue samples taken are looked at for cancer cells. For a transrectal prostate biopsy, an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum. Guided by ultrasound, a spring-loaded needle is used to take samples... } Greater Williamsburg Network of Care, Virginia
TY - JOUR. T1 - Patients tolerance and early complications of transrectal sonographically guided prostate biopsy. T2 - Prospective study of 300 patients. AU - Sheikh, Mehraj. AU - Hussein, Ali Y.T.. AU - Kehinde, Elijah O.. AU - Al-Saeed, Osama. AU - Rad, Am B.. AU - Ali, Yusuf M.. AU - Anim, Jehoram T.. PY - 2005/12/1. Y1 - 2005/12/1. N2 - Purpose. To determine the degree of pain and discomfort associated with transrectal sonography (TRS)-guided biopsy of the prostate and to analyze the complications associated with this procedure. Methods. Three hundred men referred as part of an investigation to exclude prostate cancer were studied. The reasons for referral were suspected prostate cancer due to increased serum prostate-specific antigen level (,4 ng/ml), the finding of a palpable nodule or greater firmness of one prostatic lobe than the other on digital rectal examination, or the finding of a suspicious area of neoplasm of the prostate on TRS biopsy. All TRS-guided biopsies were performed as ...
Transrectal prostate biopsy and fiducial marker placement in a standard 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging scanner Academic Article Article ...
Topic Index - Prostate Health Prostate Health Home Anatomy of the Prostate Gland Benign Prostate Problems Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Impotence / Erectile Dysfunction Prostatitis Urinary Incontinence Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Overview Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Statistics Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Staging of Prostate Cancer Grading of Prostate Cancer Diagnostic and Evaluation Procedures Treatments for Prostate Cancer Expectant Therapy Surgery Radiation Ther...
The prostate is one of the most complex glands in the human body in both an anatomical and pathological sense. Even the slightest modification in the prostate gland can create a disastrous cascade of events that can lead to both emotional and physical harm. Endocrinologists are now working around the clock to find the causes and treatments to prostate diseases. In China, the 3D Prostate Treatment is taking lead in creating an environment that fosters research in both finding causes in the most common and obscure prostate diseases and treating them with their proprietary 3D Prostate Treatment. The purpose of the prostate is to secrete prostate fluid, a milky solution of alkaline pH. The prostate fluid is then used by the body to make semen that can fertilize eggs of a women during sexual intercourse. The muscles of the prostate gland help in this process as they are able to propel seminal fluid from the prostate into the urethra before ejaculation. Problems or diseases of the prostate can ...
Abstract Background Zinc plays important roles in maintaining normal function of the prostate and in development of prostate malignancy. It has been demonstrated that prostate malignant epithelial cells contain much less cellular zinc than the surrounding normal epithelial cells. However, the pathway(s) which leads to lower zinc accumulation in malignant prostate epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, the zinc homeostatic features of two human prostate epithelial cell lines (non-tumorigenic, RWPE1, and tumorigenic, RWPE2) were investigated. Effects of over-expression of ZIP1 in RWPE2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were also studied. Results RWPE2 accumulated less intracellular zinc than RWPE1 due to the decreased zinc uptake activity. The mRNA expression of ZIP1 and ZIP3 in RWPE1 and RWPE2 was comparable. However, the protein expression of ZIP1 in RWPE2 was lower than that in RWPE1. ZIP3 was detected in a lysosomal compartment of RWPE2 while no ZIP3 was detected in the same
The Effectiveness of Caudal Block with Low Doses of Dexmedetomidine and Pethidine in Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: Preliminary Results ...
Adult bladder epithelium (BLE) is induced to differentiate into glandular epithelium after association with urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM) and subsequent in vivo growth in syngeneic male hosts. Alteration of epithelial cytodifferentiation is associated with the expression of prostate-specific antigens, histochemical and steroid metabolic activities. These observations suggest that the inductive influence of the UGM has reprogrammed both the morphological and functional characteristics of the urothelium. In this report, differences regarding the mechanisms and effects of androgenic stimulation of prostate and bladder are exploited to determine the extent to which UGM plus BLE recombinants express a prostatelike, androgen-dependent phenotype. Results from cytosolic and autoradiographic binding studies suggest that androgen binding is induced in UGM plus BLE recombinants and that this activity is accounted for by the induced urothelial cells. In UGM plus BLE recombinants, androgen-induced ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Aberrant expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in prostate epithelial cells allows induction of promatrilysin expression by fibroblast growth factors. AU - Udayakumar, T. S.. AU - Klein, Russell D.. AU - Maliner, M. Suzanne. AU - Nagle, Raymond B.. AU - Bowden, G. T.. PY - 2001/1/15. Y1 - 2001/1/15. N2 - Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix proteins, and there is evidence that they play a role in tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis. Matrilysin (MMP-7) is over-expressed in prostate cancer cells and increases prostate cancer cell invasion. Prostate stromal fibroblasts secrete a factor(s), including fibroblast growth factor-I (FGF-I), which induces promatrilysin expression in the prostate carcinoma cell line LNCaP but not in normal prostate epithelial cells (PrECs). Since FGF-I is present in the prostate, an altered sensitivity to FGF-I might explain the up regulation of matrilysin expression in prostate cancer cells compared to normal ...
Cypate-octreote peptide analogue conjugate (Cytate) was investigated as a prostate cancer receptor- targeted contrast agent. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Cytate were ranged in the near- infrared tissue optical window. Time-resolved investigation of polarization-dependent fluorescence emitted from Cytate in solution as well as in cancerous and normal prostate tissues was conducted. Polarization preservation characteristics of Cytate in solution and tissues were studied. Fluorescence intensity emitted from the Cytate-stained cancerous prostate tissue was found to be much stronger than that from the Cytate-stained normal prostate tissue, indicating more Cytate uptake in the former tis sue type. The polarization anisotropy of Cytate contained in cancerous prostate tissue was found to be larger than that in the normal prostate tissue, indicating a larger degree of polarization preservation in Cytate-stained cancerous tissue. The temporal profiles of fluorescence from Cytate solution ...
Did you understand?. Your risk of prostate cancer will increase as you become older. Most males with the illness are over 50. If your brother or father has had prostate cancer, your risk can also be increased. What is prostate cancer?. Prostate cancer occurs when the conventional cells within the prostate gland change and develop to type a mass of cells known as a tumour. These cancer cells can have an effect on how the prostate works.. Prostate cancer cells might not develop in any respect or else develop slowly throughout a persons lifetime. Many males by no means develop issues or signs from their prostate cancer. In some, prostate cancer grows extra rapidly and wants remedy to stop it spreading outdoors of the prostate gland.. In most instances, prostate cancer might be cured or stored beneath management.. Prostate cancer most frequently happens in males of their fifties and onwards. It can happen on uncommon events in males of their late forties. The risk of creating prostate cancer rises ...
Using nuclear medicine, German researchers may have found a way to accurately differentiate cancerous tissue from healthy tissue in prostate cancer patients. The research is highlighted in findings published by Rahbar et al in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.. These new findings demonstrate that the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans correlates with PSMA-expression in primary prostate cancer. By this means, researchers were able to generate an SUVmax cutoff for the differentiation of cancerous and benign prostate tissue.. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to generate a cutoff SUVmax, validated by immunohistochemistry, for separating prostate cancer from normal prostate tissue by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images, explained Vikas Prasad, MD, PhD, of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Germany. Our SUVmax cutoff can be used to confirm or rule out ...
Second to skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men; approximately 300,000 men in the United States are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year. The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown. According to the American Cancer Society, an average American man has a one in six chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime.. Located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum, the prostate is a walnut sized gland that is part of the male reproductive system. The urethra, which is the tube that urine flows through, runs through the center of the prostate gland. The prostate gland produces prostatic fluid which, when mixed with sperm, produces semen.. Prostate cancer occurs when the prostate gland develops malignant cells. Localized prostate cancer is when the cancer remains inside the prostate. However, it is possible for the cancer to grow to surrounding tissue, or spread (metastasize) to the lymph nodes or bone. As with many forms of ...
Results The validity of CHKA-antibody was verified using CHKA-transfected cells and siRNA knockdown. Immunoblotting of tissues showed good resolution of CHKA protein in malignant prostate, verifying use of the antibody for IHC. There was minimal qRT-PCR detectable CHKA mRNA in normal tissue, and conversely high expression in malignant prostate tissues. IHC of normal prostate cores showed mild (intensity) CHKA expression in only 28% (7/25) of samples with no Ki67 expression. In contrast, CHKA was expressed in all malignant prostate cores along with characteristically low proliferation (median 2% Ki67-LI; range 1-17%). Stratification of survival according to CHK intensity showed a trend towards lower progression-free survival with CHK score of 3. ...
Its usually performed after you have abnormal results from a PSA test and DRE. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is a common screening test for prostate cancer. A prostate MRI may help determine if a biopsy is needed. NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Biopsies taken to diagnose prostate cancer commonly cause … One big one: a near-zero risk of infection! MRI-guided prostate biopsy can help doctors locate suspicious tissue and lower the chance of a false-negative result, however. Use the gland-reducing/ pampering methods detailed elsewhere on this site. The results are available after one to three days, but it can sometimes take longer. What I find surprising is how long it takes to get the results. Its called the proteomic profile. A biopsy is a procedure in which small samples of the prostate are removed and then looked at with a microscope. Sex after Prostate Biopsy or Not? Alternatives to a Prostate Biopsy: 4 Tests to Identify Your Risk of Prostate Cancer Medically reviewed by Seunggu ...
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There are various tests to detect the presence of prostate cancer, the only sure way to detect the condition is through a prostate biopsy. Every year in theUS, there are approximately over a million men who undergo prostate biopsy. Within the biopsies that are preformed, around 25% indicate the existence of prostate cancer. In the other 75% of prostate biopsies, one third indicates a false negative result. With this information, researchers are concerned that prostate cancer is not being detected in the earlier stages.. A prostate biopsy is when a prostate gun which shoots tiny little needles into the prostate is used to take small samples of the tissue. This procedure is preformed in the physicians office without the use of anesthesia. Since this procedure can be painful, the approximate numbers of tissue samples that are taken are about 6 cores. The specimen is taken to a lab for a pathologist to read to determine if cancer is present. If cancer is present the pathologist will assign a ...
Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer among American men. Prostate cancers usually grow slowly. Most men with prostate cancer are older than 65 and do not die from the disease.. The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system, and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is about the size of a walnut and surrounds the urethra (the tube that empties urine from the bladder). As a man ages, the prostate tends to increase in size. This can cause the urethra to narrow and decrease urine flow. This is condition is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and it is not the same as prostate cancer.. All men are at risk. Out of every 100 American men, about 13 will get prostate cancer during their lifetime, and about two to three men will die from prostate cancer. The most common risk factor is age. The older a man is, the greater the chance of getting prostate cancer. Men who are African-American or have a family history of prostate cancer are at increased ...
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Presentation Authors: Xiaolong Wang, Yiming Wang, Christian Gratzke, Anna Ciotkowska, Qingfeng Yu, Ruixiao Wang*, Bingsheng Li, Frank Strittmatter, Christian G. Stief, Martin Hennenberg, Munich, Germany. Introduction: Leptin is a metabolic peptide hormone produced by adipocytes, with assumed roles in proflieration of prostate cancer cells and of prostate cells in animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Thus, a role of leptin as a molecular link connecting BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPH with metabolic syndrom appears possible/feasible, but is still unknown. In fact, a connection between metabolic syndrome and BPH/LUTS is becoming increasingly evident from epidemiologic studies. Key factors of LUTS suggestive of BPH are an increased prostate smooth muscle tone, and prostate enlargement, which may both contribute to bladder outlet obstruction. Here, we examined the effects of leptin on contraction of human prostate smooth muscle and on growth of stromal ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cancer detection rates of systematic and targeted prostate biopsies after biparametric MRI. AU - Gayet, Maudy C.W.. AU - van der Aa, A.A.M.A.. AU - Beerlage, Harrie P.. AU - Schrier, Bart Ph.. AU - Gielens, Maaike. AU - Heesakkers, Roel. AU - Jager, Gerrit J.. AU - Mulders, Peter F.A.. AU - Wijkstra, Hessel. PY - 2020/4/3. Y1 - 2020/4/3. N2 - Objective. To compare prostate cancer detection rates (CDRs) and pathology results with targeted prostate biopsy (TB) and systematic prostate biopsy (SB) in biopsy-naive men. Methods. An in-patient control study of 82 men undergoing SB and subsequent TB in case of positive prostate MRI between 2015 and 2017 in the Jeroen Bosch Hospital, the Netherlands. Results. Prostate cancer (PCA) was detected in 54.9% with 70.7% agreement between TB and SB. Significant PCA (Gleason score ≥7) was detected in 24.4%. The CDR with TB and SB was 35.4% and 48.8%, respectively (p=0.052). The CDR of significant prostate cancer with TB and SB was both 20.7%. ...
For men with an abnormal PSA, there are now additional tests that may be considered before prostate needle biopsy. These include prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and other genomic tests such as the 4k test and the Prostate Health Index (PHI).If prostate cancer is detected, it is stratified into risk categories of low, intermediate and high risk. Additional educational resources on prostate cancer risk stratification and diagnosis are provided through the NCCN Guidelines.Additional work up with imaging (bone scan, CAT scan or MRI) and treatment options are based on a mans prostate cancer risk stratification.Learn more here about having an MRI or CT scan performed at Weill Cornell Medicine.Locally advanced prostate cancers may obstruct urinary flow and/or cause severe irritation in the bladder region when the cancer extends from the prostate into the base of the bladder. Treatment of this locally advanced cancer can be very difficult. Obstruction to urinary flow may be opened by transurethral
Gene fusions involving ETS family transcription factors (mainly TMPRSS2-ERG and TMPRSS2-ETV1 fusions) have been found in ~50% of human prostate cancer cases. Although expression of TMPRSS2-ERG or TMPRSS2-ETV1 fusion alone is insufficient to initiate prostate tumorigenesis, they appear to sensitize prostate epithelial cells for cooperation with additional oncogenic mutations to drive frank prostate adenocarcinoma. To search for such ETS-cooperating oncogenic events, we focused on a well-studied prostate tumor suppressor NKX3.1, as loss of NKX3.1 is another common genetic alteration in human prostate cancer. Previous studies have shown that deletions at 8p21 (harboring NKX3.1) and 21q22 (resulting in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion) were both present in a subtype of prostate cancer cases, and that ERG can lead to epigenetic silencing of NKX3.1 in prostate cancer cells, whereas NKX3.1 can in turn negatively regulate TMPRSS2-ERG fusion expression via suppression of the TMPRSS2 promoter activity. We recently ...
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Many men do not realize that they have a choice when a physician recommends a prostate biopsy. Often they sit there in shock when told that they will need a biopsy. This scenario is played out over a million times annually though out the United States each year. The fact that alternative diagnostic procedures are not discussed or even brought to the patients attention is amazing. It is important to note that medical practitioners have relied upon prostate biopsies since the first one performed in 1930. A lot has changed in eighty years however the prostate biopsy is still the most relied upon diagnostic procedure. Today revenue generation from prostate biopsies is estimated at 3 billion dollars annually in the US. If you have ever found yourself facing a biopsy you may be surprised how most health care providers fail to discuss the alternatives to a prostate biopsy. In addition no one ever discusses the fact that men who undergo a prostate biopsy often experience side effects due to the ...
If you are a male over 50, or are over 40 and at increased risk for prostate cancer because you have a family history of prostate cancer or are of African-American descent, your doctor should screen you for prostate cancer during your yearly examination by conducting a prostate physical examination (the digital rectal test), a urine evaluation, and a PSA test.. Because of the prostates location, your physician performs the physical examination of the prostate (also known as the Digital Rectal Examination or DRE) by briefly inserting a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the back wall of the prostate. The examination allows your doctor to check for any areas in the back wall of the prostate for firmness, hard nodules, lumps or irregularities.. Combined with the DRE, the PSA test can serve to detect prostate cancer in its early stages. The PSA test measures the amount of prostate specific antigen (PSA), an enzyme that is produced by the prostate and released into the bloodstream. ...
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) was first identified in the rodent prostate and is abundantly expressed in human and rodent prostate epithelium, stroma, immune cells, and endothelium of the blood vessels. Genomic deletion of ERβ led to hyperplasia of prostate epithelium as well as upregulation of androgen receptor (AR) regulated genes. ERβ has been shown to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells; however, role of ERβ in regulating AR activity in prostate cancer has not been studied in detail. Additionally, the role of ERβ in PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway, which is one of the most altered in prostate cancer, is not known. Chapter 2 of this dissertation describes the role of ERβ in regulating PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway. ERβ upregulated INPP4B in prostate cancer cells, PC3, as well as non-malignant cells BPH-1. Upregulation of INPP4B inhibited Akt activity measured by phosphorylation of Ser473 and its downstream target GSK3β. Further, we show that ERβ inhibited migration of PC3 ...
Prostate cancer is the most common nondermatologic cancer in men. Approximately 90 percent of men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer have cancer confined to the prostate gland (clinically localized disease). The percentage of men diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer might change as a result of the recent recommendations from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).1,2 Clinically localized prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic or may be associated with symptoms that overlap with benign lower urinary tract symptoms. Presenting symptoms, a physical examination, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and a biopsy may be used to diagnose localized prostate cancer.. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Guideline for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer, published in 2015, defined clinically localized prostate cancer as clinical stages T1-T3a, which includes tumors confined to the prostate (T1-T2) and tumors with extracapsular extension but ...
ATCC ® Normal Human Primary Prostate Epithelial Cells, when grown in Prostate Epithelial Cell Basal Media supplemented with Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Kit components, provide an ideal cell system to propagate prostate epithelial cells in serum-free conditions. The cells are cryopreserved at the second passage to ensure the highest viability and plating efficiency. ATCC ® Primary Cell Solutions™ cells, media, supplements and reagents are quality tested together to guarantee optimum performance and reliability.
New York, NY, August 20, 2014 /3BL Media/ - Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer, but international reports have suggested that the number of risks associated with the procedure is increasing. In a new nationwide population-based study, Swedish researchers found that six percent of men filled a prescription for antibiotics for a urinary tract infection within 30 days after having a prostate biopsy, with a twofold increase in hospital admissions over five years, reports The Journal of Urology®.. Earlier studies reported serious adverse events after prostate biopsy including febrile urinary tract infection and urosepsis in one to four percent of men, despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics. There have also been reports that chronic conditions such as diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and a history of urinary tract infection increase the risk of infections.. To estimate the incidence of infection after prostate biopsy and assess ...
The Global Prostate Cancer Market is expected to reach $ 72 billion by the end of 2020 growing at a CAGR of around 9.7% from 2014 to 2020. Prostate cancer is an advancement of cancer in the prostate, a gland present in the male reproductive system which exists directly under the bladder in front of the rectum. The cancer cells may spread from the prostate to the other parts of the body, viz. the bones and lymph nodes. In the later stages of cancer it can cause difficulty in urination, blood in the urine, etc. Old age, family history and race are some of the factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is most of the times diagnosed by biopsy.. U.S is considered to be the largest market of prostate cancer because the incidence of prostate cancer is common in African American population. The Global Prostate Cancer Market is segmented on the basis of Diagnostic Techniques (Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA)), Surgery (Radical Prostatectomy, ...
Prostatic development is induced by androgens acting via mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Androgens elicit their morphogenetic effects by acting through androgen receptors (ARs) in urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM), which induces prostatic epithelial development. In adulthood reciprocal homeosta …
Cancer of the prostate is the most common type of cancer among American men. It is estimated that one out of every 10 American men will develop prostate cancer before the age of 85. The risk of developing prostate cancer greatly increases with age. It rarely occurs in men younger than 40.. The prostate is a male gland normally the size of a walnut. It secretes a milky fluid that is part of the semen needed for ejaculation. The prostate gland lies at the base of the penis, just below the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the first inch of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder.. The cause of prostate cancer remains unknown. Several factors associated with a higher rate of prostate cancer, however, have been identified. The risk of developing prostate cancer increases as a man ages. A family history of prostate cancer in a brother or a father also doubles ones chances of getting prostate cancer. There may be evidence a high-fat diet is associated with ...
The cDNAs encoding human prostatic acid phosphatase were cloned and characterized. The mRNAs contain 3 noncoding regions of heterogeneous sizes 646, 1887 or 1913 nucleotides. A dimer and a monomer of the conserved Alu-repeats are present in the longer 3 noncoding sequences. The complete sequence of 354 amino acids for the mature enzyme was determined by sequencing both cDNA and protein. Human prostatic and lysosomal acid phosphatases exhibit 50% sequence homology, including five Cys residues and two putative N-linked glycosylation sites. The Acp-3 gene coding for human prostatic acid phosphatase was mapped onto chromosome 3 in this investigation. The Acp-2 gene coding for lysosomal acid phosphatase has previously been located on chromosome 11, while the Acp-1 gene coding for red blood cell acid phosphatase is on chromosome 2.
Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase/ACPP ELISA Kit (Colorimetric). High sensitivity ELISA kit for detection of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase/ACPP. Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
Purpose: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer but international reports suggest that increasing risks are associated with the procedure. We estimated incidence and risk factors for infection after prostate biopsy as well as 90-day mortality using a nationwide Swedish sample.. Material and Methods: We performed a population based study of 51,321 men from PCBaSe between 2006 and 2011. Primary outcome measures were dispensed prescriptions of antibiotics for urinary tract infection and hospitalization with a discharge diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for infection in men who underwent prostate biopsy.. Results: During the 6 months before biopsy the background incidence of urinary tract infection was approximately 2%. Within 30 days after biopsy 6% of the men had a dispensed prescription for urinary tract antibiotics and 1% were hospitalized with infection. The strongest risk ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Transrectal ultrasound appearance of hematolymphoid malignancies involving the prostate. AU - Terris, Martha K.. AU - Freiha, Fuad S.. PY - 1998/2/1. Y1 - 1998/2/1. N2 - Objectives. Although the clinical presentation and physical examination findings in patients with lymphoma or leukemia involving the prostate have been described previously, the transrectal ultrasound appearance of hematolymphoid malignancies involving the prostate has not been previously described. Methods. Nine patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies were found to have hematolymphoid malignancies involving the prostate at the time of subsequent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. The ultrasound images and prostate needle biopsy results are presented. Results. Prospective analysis of transrectal ultrasound images revealed no abnormality other than hypoechogenicity typical of prostate cancer in 7 of the 9 patients (77.8%). In 2 patients, the ...
In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7894), Rosario and colleagues assess the effects of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in primary and secondary healthcare on patient reported outcomes.1. Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy is the core means but also the core problem of diagnosing prostate cancer. New and old serum markers, such as prostate specific antigen and its isoforms p2PSA and benign prostatic hyperplasia associated PSA,2 and improved imaging techniques based on fusion of images guided by transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, will certainly optimise patient selection, thus improving specificity (by reducing the number of men undergoing unnecessary biopsy procedures). However, the entire process is handicapped by an ailing biopsy procedure, which has changed little since the introduction of Stameys sextant biopsy technique.. Most of todays research aims to identify new and better serum markers for prostate cancer.3 The main concern is that most ...
Need antibody products for research? Find and compare multiple sources of anti-Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) antibody using the Linscotts Directory search engine. Monoclonal, polyclonal, and recombinant antibodies. Select applications, conjugates, hosts, and reactivity. Get complete supplier details here.
Background: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been used as a screening test for the early detection of prostate cancer (PC) for many years. Although the introduction of PSA test led to a considerable increase in reported prostate cancer cases, there is still some controversy over the sensitivity and specificity of this marker in distinguishing PC patients from those with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), the most common benign prostate condition. Objective: An attempt is made to elucidate if the plasma level of Interleukin 8 (IL-8) could be used effectively as a marker for the detection of prostate cancer. Methods: Plasma levels of IL-8 and PSA were measured in two groups of 40 BPH and PC patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques, respectively. In addition IL-8 levels in PC3 and DU145 cell line supernatants were measured by ELISA technique. Results: The concentration of IL-8 in the plasma of PC patients was not significantly higher than the BPH subjects.
The radiologist will first carry out a DRE with a Preparation for an ultrasound guided prostate biopsy An ultrasound probe, which is about the thickness of 1. Taking antibiotic tablets by mouth, usually a thumb, will then be inserted into your rectum. The for 1 or 2 days before the biopsy, and on the probe is sterilised, covered with two condoms to morning of the procedure, to help prevent contamination, and a lubricant to help it glide easily You may have a small enema inserted into your rectum half an hour or so before the Sometimes an injection of local anaesthetic or procedure to clean out your bowels and clear sedative may be given into the area of your rectum the rectum of faeces (so that the prostate to minimise discomfort during the procedure. Often the procedure is carried out after you have been given a light general anaesthetic, which means you will be asleep or sedated during the procedure. 3. You may have an injection of antibiotics just After having examined your prostate with the ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Periprostatic local anesthesia before ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. T2 - An update of the Miami experience. AU - Vaidya, Anil. AU - Soloway, Mark S.. PY - 2001/9/6. Y1 - 2001/9/6. N2 - Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy is a very common office procedure for most urologists. Pain or discomfort associated with this procedure has been addressed recently by the use of periprostatic local anesthesia. We re-address this issue with an update of our experience and emphasize the crucial steps that contribute to the success of the technique. We also analyzed the subsequent intraoperative effects of injecting lidocaine into the area of the neurovascular bundles. Materials and Methods: Between June 1999 and December 2000, 200 patients underwent TRUS-guided biopsies of the prostate. Patients were properly consented and subjected to the procedure using periprostatic nerve block with 10 cm3 of 1% plain lidocaine. An ultrasonographic wheal was created between the ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Independent origin of multiple foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. T2 - Comparison with matched foci of prostate carcinoma. AU - Bostwick, David G.. AU - Shan, Ailin. AU - Qian, Junqi. AU - Darson, Micheal. AU - Maihle, Nita J.. AU - Jenkins, Robert B.. AU - Cheng, Liang. PY - 1998/11/1. Y1 - 1998/11/1. N2 - BACKGROUND. Prostate carcinoma usually is heterogeneous and multifocal, with diverse clinical and morphologic manifestations. Understanding of the molecular basis for this heterogeneity is limited, particularly for the putative precursor, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). In this study, the authors attempted to determine the genetic relation between multiple foci of PIN and matched loci of carcinoma, and whether they are independent in origin. METHODS. The distribution and prevalence of allelic imbalance at 6 microsatellite polymorphic markers on chromosomes 7q, 8p, 8q, and 18q were examined in 84 microscopically excised PIN foci (mean, 1.6 ...
Izmirli M, Arikan B, Bayazit Y. Associations of polymorphisms in HPC2/ELAC2 and SRD5A2 genes with benign prostate hyperplasia in Turkish men. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011; 12: 731-3. Parsons JK, Bergstrom J, Barrett-Connor E. Lipids, lipoproteins and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in community-dwelling men. BJU Int. 2008; 101: 313-8. Duarsa GWK, Lesmana R, Mahadewa TGB. High serum prostate specific antigen as a risk factor for moderate-severe prostate inflammation in patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Bali Med J. 2016; 4: 148-51. Robert G, Descazeaud A, Allory Y, Vacherot F, de la Taille A. Should we investigate prostatic inflammation for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Eur Urol. 2009; (Suppl 8): 879-86. Irani J, Levillain P, Goujon JM, Bon D, Dore B, Aubert J. Inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: correlation with prostate specific antigen value. J Urol. 1997; 157: 1301-3. Kaplan SA, Walmsley K, Te AE. Tolterodine extended release attenuates lower ...
FRIDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) -- Cystoscopy and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy performed in the office setting appear to pose...login to view the rest of this post ...
Causes and natural remedies for BPH - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, including dietary changes, supplements and a comprehensive Wellness Program - BPH, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, BPH Treatment, Cause of PPH, BPH Symptoms, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostate Cancer, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptoms, BPH Prostate
Prostate cancer is rare in men younger than 50 years of age. The chance of developing prostate cancer increases as men get older.. Family history of prostate cancer. A man whose father, brother, or son has had prostate cancer has a higher-than-average risk of prostate cancer.. Race. Prostate cancer occurs more often in African-American men than in white men. African-American men with prostate cancer are more likely to die from the disease than white men with prostate cancer.. Hormones. The prostate needs male hormones to work the way it should. The main male sex hormone is testosterone. Testosterone helps the body develop and maintain male sex characteristics.. Testosterone is changed into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by an enzyme in the body.. DHT is important for normal prostate growth but can also cause the prostate to get bigger and may play a part in the development of prostate cancer.. Vitamin E. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) found that vitamin E taken alone ...
Prostate cancer is classified as an adenocarcinoma, or glandular cancer, that begins when normal semen-secreting prostate gland cells mutate into cancer cells. The region of prostate gland where the adenocarcinoma is most common is the peripheral zone. Initially, small clumps of cancer cells remain confined to otherwise normal prostate glands, a condition known as carcinoma in situ or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Although there is no proof that PIN is a cancer precursor, it is closely associated with cancer. Over time, these cancer cells begin to multiply and spread to the surrounding prostate tissue (the stroma) forming a tumor. Eventually, the tumor may grow large enough to invade nearby organs such as the seminal vesicles or the rectum, or the tumor cells may develop the ability to travel in the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Prostate cancer is considered a malignant tumor because it is a mass of cells that can invade other area of the body. This invasion of other organs is ...
1ND6: Crystal structures of human prostatic acid phosphatase in complex with a phosphate ion and alpha-benzylaminobenzylphosphonic acid update the mechanistic picture and offer new insights into inhibitor design
View Poster. INTRODUCTION. The steroid 5-α reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) is critical for prostatic development and growth. Strategies to block SRD5A2 using 5-α reductase inhibitors (5ARI) remain a mainstay in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, one-third of men are resistant to 5ARI therapies. We previously showed that body mass index (BMI) correlates with increased SRD5A2 gene promoter methylation and decreased protein expression in men with symptomatic BPH. We have demonstrated that there is an androgenic to estrogenic switch when SRD5A2 is absent in the prostate gland. Here we wished to identify whether BMI is associated with the androgenic to estrogenic switch in human prostate tissue. METHODS. Prostate specimens were collected from 35 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for symptomatic BPH at Massachusetts General Hospital. Medical records were reviewed to retrospectively collect clinical and pathological data. Patients were categorized by ...
View Poster. INTRODUCTION. Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) may lead to lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms usually start upfront pharmacotherapy (e.g., alpha-blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, or combination). Pharmacotherapy doesnt necessarily cure BPH & patients may require subsequent surgical interventions such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). An alternative to TURP & pharmacotherapy, Greenlight laser photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GL-PVP), has lower costs compared to TURP & faster symptomatic improvement compared to pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-utility of upfront pharmacotherapy (i.e., alpha-blockers or 5-ARI or combination) followed by delayed surgical intervention (i.e., TURP, GL-PVP) for those who fail, compared to receiving an upfront surgical intervention. METHODS. The target population were men with moderate-to-severe symptoms & no contraindications for BPH surgery. ...
Association of prostate volume with incidence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer Shadi Al-Khalil, Christine Ibilibor, James Thomas Cammack, Werner de Riese Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between prostate volume and aggressiveness and incidence of prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and methods: A chart review of a cohort of 448 consecutive prostate biopsy-naive men was performed. These men underwent at least a 12-core biopsy at our institution due to increased prostate-specific antigen serum levels (|4 ng/mL) and/or suspicious findings on digital rectal examination during the period between 2008 and 2013. Transrectal ultrasound was used to determine the prostate volume.Results: The positive biopsy rate was 66% for patients with a prostate volume of ≤35 cc and 40% for patients with a prostate volume of ≥65 cc (P
TY - JOUR. T1 - PAC1-R null isoform expression in human prostate cancer tissue. AU - Mammi, Caterina. AU - Frajese, Giovanni V.. AU - Vespasiani, Giuseppe. AU - Mariani, Stefania. AU - Gnessi, Lucio. AU - Farini, Donatella. AU - Fabbri, Andrea. AU - Frajese, Gaetano. AU - Moretti, Costanzo. PY - 2006/4/1. Y1 - 2006/4/1. N2 - BACKGROUND. PACAP is a member of the VIP/GHRH family of neuropeptides and has important effects on prostate cell proliferation. Here we analyze the expression and localization of PACAP and its specific receptor variants (PAC1-R) in tissues collected from patients undergoing prostate biopsy and surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS. PACAP and PAC1-R were localized by immunohistochemistry in the prostate tissue. While in healthy and BPH tissues PAC1-R positive staining is present in all the epithelial cells lining the lumen ...
Src family kinases (SFK) integrate signal transduction for multiple receptors, regulating cellular proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in human cancer. Although Src is rarely mutated in human prostate cancer, SFK activity is increased in the majority of human prostate cancers. To determine the molecular mechanisms governing prostate cancer bone metastasis, FVB murine prostate epithelium was transduced with oncogenic v-Src. The prostate cancer cell lines metastasized in FVB mice to brain and bone. Gene expression profiling of the tumors identified activation of a CCR5 signaling module when the prostate epithelial cell lines were grown in vivo versus tissue cultures. The whole body, bone, and brain metastatic prostate cancer burden was reduced by oral CCR5 antagonist. Clinical trials of CCR5 inhibitors may warrant consideration in patients with CCR5 activation in their tumors.. ...
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents an enlargement of the prostate gland. In men, prostate has the role of producing the liquid in which semen swim. It is placed directly under the bladder and in front of the rectum.. Prostate growth is a natural phenomenon. First, it doubles in size during puberty, when the other sex organs become active. Next, it starts a secondary, gradual growth phase after the age of 25.. The name benign signifies that this type of prostate enlargement is not cancer related, thus it does not pose a threat for your life. However, it brings forth a series of unpleasant symptoms, among which frequent urination during the night.. How Widespread Is Benign Prostate Hyperplasia?. BPH is one of the most frequent conditions associated with advancing in age for men. Around 50% of men aged 60 have BPH. The percentage goes as high as 95% by the age of 85. However, around half of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia suffer from symptoms which need to be treated.. Why It Is ...
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy) or swelling of the prostate, is characterized by symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction, progressive urinary urgency and frequency, increased nightly urination, and urination with reduced force and caliber of urine. Patients with BPH typically present with an enlarged, inflamed and swollen prostate smooth muscle, glandular epithelium and stromal tissue in the peri-urethral region of the prostate. Experts estimate that BPS affects 50-60% of men between 40 and 59 years of age in the United States, resulting in a projected annual overall cost of hospital care and surgery of over one billion dollars per year. Neglect of prostate inflammation and swelling can lead to a rise in prostatic specific antigen (PSA). It is important to note that the connection between elevated PSA scores and prostate cancer has now been debunked. Prolonged obstruction can also result in uremia, also known as chronic renal failure.. Analysis of ...
BACKGROUND:The present study aimed to assess the correlation between prostate volume and prostate cancer (PCa) detection by strain elastography (SE)-guided targeted biopsy (TB) compared with conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy (SB). MATERIAL AND METHODS:This retrospective study enrolled 357 patients suspected to have PCa. All patients received TRUS-guided 10-core SB and SE-guided TB. The sensitivity for PCa detected by SE-guided TB was compared with that by TRUS-guided SB, in combination with prostate biopsy pathology. The correlation between the prostate volume and the detection rate of SE-guided TB was investigated. RESULTS:PCa was pathologically confirmed in 151 out of 357 patients. The by-patient detection rate of TRUS-guided SB was 72.8% (110/151). Subsequently, a further increase of 6.6% (10/151) in PCa determination was obtained by the SE-guided TB. The sensitivity of SE-guided TB for patients with prostate volume |30 ml, 30-50 ml, 51-80 ml, and |80 ml was 91.7%
The multifocal origin of prostate cancer suggests a pan-organ defect in a tumor suppressor pathway. Although structural mutations in the p53 gene have been implicated in late-stage prostate cancer, little is known about the p53 response to genotoxic stress in normal human prostatic epithelial cells from which adenocarcinomas originate. We found that the majority (10 of 12) of epithelial cell cultures derived from histologically normal tissues of radical prostatectomy specimens failed to exhibit p53 accumulation in response to ionizing radiation. Epithelial cell cultures derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia and a primary prostatic adenocarcinoma also failed to accumulate p53 in response to ionizing radiation. In contrast, cultures of prostatic stromal cells derived from normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or adenocarcinoma tissues exhibited a 3-9-fold induction of p53 within 1-3 h after irradiation. Since p53 regulates a cell cycle checkpoint through the induction of the cyclin-cdk ...
Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostate enlargement (BPH).It inhibits conversion of testosterone (T) into the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to stop prostate (and possibly prostate cancer) growth. DHT regulates the expression of certain genes in the prostate. The pharmacodynamics of DHT reduction in the prostate were never investigated until now, as every measurement would require prostate tissue retrieval, which is medically and ethically unacceptable. A recently developed test is able to quantitatively measure gene expression in prostate-borne cells, in urine sediments after prostate massage. By measuring this gene expression in patients using dutasteride, it has become possible to assess the pharmacodynamics of gene expression reduction, which is representative for the pharmacodynamics of DHT reduction. Repeated prostate tissue sampling has therefore become unnecessary. This newly gained knowledge will lead to a better understanding of the action of dutasteride and will ...
Press Release issued Feb 14, 2017: Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) test is a type of blood test to determine health of prostate gland by measuring prostatic acid phosphatase levels. PAP is an enzyme found in men and majorly present in the prostate gland and semen. Significant amounts of PAP are also found in platelets, bone, spleen, kidney and liver. PAP measurement is important in the management of prostatic cancer patients especially in monitoring remission or relapse of prostatic malignancy and in assessing the effectiveness of various treatment regimes.
While women suffer from urinary tract infections more often than men, males have a condition to deal with of their very own. This condition is called prostate hyperplasia. The prostate gland located between the urethra, a tube which urine flows through, and the bladder where the urine is collected. Aging causes this gland to slowly enlarge, which is also known as prostate hyperplasia. As the prostate enlarges, urine flow is compromised, leading to a prostate infection or symptoms of urinary tract infection. Prostate hyperplasia can also lead to blood in the urine or bladder stones.. ...
What is the prostate gland?. The prostate gland is a walnut-sized gland that produces and secretes the fluid in a mans semen. Its located at the base of your bladder and wraps around your urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from your bladder out through your penis.. What is prostate cancer surgery?. Prostate cancer surgery is a procedure to remove all of your prostate gland. It also includes removal of the seminal vesicles (where seminal fluid is produced), the surrounding tissues, and sometimes the nerve bundles on either side of your prostate that are responsible for erections.. Types of prostate cancer surgery. There are several approaches to prostate cancer surgery and they can be performed using a variety of methods. Your surgery will depend on the stage and grade of your cancer as well as your general health and your surgeons skills.. Why is it done?. Prostate cancer is a malignant tumour of the prostate gland which most commonly affects men over 50. Surgery is aimed at ...
Prostatic inflammation is normally a nearly ubiquitous pathological feature seen in specimens from harmless prostate prostate and hyperplasia cancer individuals. prostatic epithelium by causing the expansion of the chosen epithelial progenitor cell people within an IL-1 receptor-dependent way. These results may possess significant effect on our knowledge of how irritation promotes proliferative illnesses such as harmless prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancers, both which rely on extension of cells that display a progenitor-like character. stress 1677 (2 106 bacterias/ml, 100 l/mouse) was instilled through catheters in to the urinary system of C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and IL-1R1?/? mice (The Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, Me personally; confirmed by genotyping) at 8 wk old as previously defined (2, 16). Mice had been inoculated with 100 g of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; Roche) 2 h before euthanization, and groupings had been euthanized daily 1C7 times after bacterial induction. PBS-instilled pets were ...
PURPOSE: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. The diagnosis or followup of prostate cancer in men older than 50 years is based on digital rectal examination, measurement of the free-to-total prostatic specific antigen ratio and transrectal ultrasound assisted needle biopsy of the prostate. We developed and evaluated a noninvasive method for diagnosing prostate cancer based on the measurement of telomerase activity after prostatic massage in fresh voided urine or after urethral washing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 36 specimens of cells after prostatic massage in the fresh voided urine of 16 patients who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy and after urethral washing in 20 who underwent prostate needle biopsies. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was immediately added to the collected urine or washing to a final concentration of 20 mM. After protein extraction by CHAPS buffer each specimen was tested for telomerase activity in a 2-step m
If youre concerned you might have prostate cancer, or just want a routine check-up, dont put off a visit to the doctor. Your doctor will conduct several tests to see if prostate cancer is likely. These might include a PSA test, a digital rectal examination, and an MRI scan. If these tests show worrying signs, your doctor might want to do a prostate biopsy (a small surgery that takes some body tissue samples for further examination) to confirm the diagnosis.. A PSA test measures the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Prostate specific antigen is a protein made in the prostate gland. Low levels of PSA are normally found in the blood, but as you get older, the prostate often grows and the level of PSA gets higher.. A digital rectal examination (DRE) is where a doctor places a gloved finger into the rectum to feel for size, shape and outline of the prostate. Although the prostate sits below the bladder, it can be felt through the rectum.. A prostate MRI can see if a likely ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Biomarkers That Differentiate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia from Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review. AU - McNally, Christopher. AU - Ruddock, MW. AU - Moore, Tara C. B.. AU - McKenna, Declan J. PY - 2020/7/1. Y1 - 2020/7/1. N2 - Prediction of prostate cancer in primary care is typically based upon serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and digital rectal examination results. However, these tests lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to over-diagnosis of disease and unnecessary, invasive biopsies. Therefore, there is a clinical need for diagnostic tests that can differentiate between benign conditions and early-stage malignant disease in the prostate. In this review, we evaluate research papers published from 2009 to 2019 reporting biomarkers that identified or differentiated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from prostate cancer. Our review identifies hundreds of potential biomarkers in urine, serum, tissue, and semen proposed as useful targets for differentiating ...
These screenings allow your urology doctor to check for chronic prostate conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition in which the prostate is enlarged.. An enlarged prostate will press on a mans urethra, and make it difficult for him to retain urine. Prostatitis is a condition in which the prostate is inflamed. If the doctor finds prostatitis, he will continue to do further testing in order to determine the cause and develop a treatment plan.. It is the best way to detect if you have prostate cancer. Early detection is crucial in fighting prostate cancer, which is why it is recommended that male patients over the age of 40 have a prostate screening every year.. Prostate cancer is very common in men, and during the early stages there are virtually no symptoms. This is why an annual prostate screening is so important because a man could be battling cancer and not even realize it. When detected early, prostate cancer is very easy to ...
China; 24, February 2017: The prostate gland is found in men, which can have 16-32 ducts. These ducts are often prone to blockages and which can give rise to one or another kind of prostate disease. While the traditional medical system recommends a surgical treatment to unblock these ducts, Dr. Song has invented an acupuncture technique that can cure prostate diseases naturally, without a need of a surgery.. People suffering from any kind of prostate problem can rely on Dr. Songs 3d prostatitis treatment, which is 100% safe and dont offer any side effects. A patient may suffer from several kinds of prostate related complications, such as inflammation of the prostate gland, posterior urethritis, seminal vesiculitis, etc. According to a latest research, the prostate problem is one of the major health problems that men suffer from. This is the reason why Dr. Songs natural prostate therapy has its own significance, allowing men to cure their prostate diseases ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Human α(2)β(1)(HI) CD133(+VE) epithelial prostate stem cells express low levels of active androgen receptor. AU - Williamson, Stuart C. AU - Hepburn, Anastasia C. AU - Wilson, Laura. AU - Coffey, Kelly. AU - Ryan-Munden, Claudia A. AU - Pal, Deepali. AU - Leung, Hing Y. AU - Robson, Craig N. AU - Heer, Rakesh. PY - 2012/11/7. Y1 - 2012/11/7. N2 - Stem cells are thought to be the cell of origin in malignant transformation in many tissues, but their role in human prostate carcinogenesis continues to be debated. One of the conflicts with this model is that cancer stem cells have been described to lack androgen receptor (AR) expression, which is of established importance in prostate cancer initiation and progression. We re-examined the expression patterns of AR within adult prostate epithelial differentiation using an optimised sensitive and specific approach examining transcript, protein and AR regulated gene expression. Highly enriched populations were isolated consisting of stem ...
Difference Between Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition that occurs in 50% of men over the age of 45. However, in certain cases, it may be indicative of prostate cancer. How do you make out whether your enlarged prostate is a symptom of prostate cancer? Read on! The […]
It also is a concern for middle aged men thinking of trying testosterone supplementation (Hormone replacement therapy). You may have read about some links between prostate cancer and. steroids/HRT therapy. Is it really fact or is it just based on far reaching assumptions?. Steroids and. prostate growth (BPH). Before we discuss steroids and. its role on prostate cancer, first we must discuss steroids possible actions on prostate growth (BPH). The prostate first grows during puberty. Then around 25, the prostate starts to grow again in a 2nd phase. The 2nd phase eventually may lead to prostate enlargement years down the road. Half the men in their 60s will have significant prostate enlargement.. Steroids(including normal testosterone in the body) stimulate the and. rogen receptors in the prostate. Excessive levels of and. rogenic steroids (such as through steroid use) causes prostate growth/enlargement called BPH (Benign prostate hyperplasia) in a short period of time. Once excessive system ...
Acute bacterial prostatitis is an acute infection of the prostate gland that causes pelvic pain and urinary tract symptoms, such as dysuria, urinary frequency, and urinary retention, and may lead to systemic symptoms, such as fevers, chills, nausea, emesis, and malaise. Although the true incidence is unknown, acute bacterial prostatitis is estimated to comprise approximately 10% of all cases of prostatitis. Most acute bacterial prostatitis infections are community acquired, but some occur after transurethral manipulation procedures, such as urethral catheterization and cystoscopy, or after transrectal prostate biopsy. The physical examination should include abdominal, genital, and digital rectal examination to assess for a tender, enlarged, or boggy prostate. Diagnosis is predominantly made based on history and physical examination, but may be aided by urinalysis. Urine cultures should be obtained in all patients who are suspected of having acute bacterial prostatitis to determine the responsible
Prostate massage, when performed on a regular basis, can be used to reduce an enlarged prostate and get rid of toxins and increase its suppleness. Prostate massage is also a form of sexual play. Whatever your reason may be, lets say you would like to have a prostate massage from your husband or partner. First of all, make sure you are okay with having a prostate massage. Massage may cause you to ejaculate and become sexually stimulated. If you are suffering from a prostate disorder like prostatitis, BPH, have to frequently use the bathroom or are simply looking to promote a healthy prostate, then prostate massage may be a viable alternative to conventional treatments like antibiotics and surgery. Prostate massage has long been used as a means of maintaining prostate health and to promote increased sexual health. If you want to pursue the matter further, the website below will answer many of your questions about an enlarged prostate ...
Abstract. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) is a major prognostic marker of several tumor types, but its value as a marker for prostate cancer is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to measure the relationship of ESM1 expression with androgen receptor (AR) expression and with Gleason score in human prostate carcinoma tissue. Expression of ESM1 and AR were determined by immunohistochemical staining of prostate tissues from healthy individuals and patients with prostate cancer. The results showed that ESM1 expression was significantly higher in prostate tumor tissues than in normal prostate tissues (p , 0.01), and that ESM1 expression in prostate tumor tissue correlated with Gleason score (p , 0.016) and Gleason grade (p , 0.013). ESM1 expression was also greater in prostate tissues with higher Gleason score and Gleason grade (p , 0.001 for both comparisons), and also correlated with AR expression (R = 0.727, p , 0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ESM1 should ...
PEREZ GUERRA, Yohani; MOLINA CUEVAS, Vivian; OYARZABAL YERA, Ambar and MAS FERREIRO, Rosa. Pharmacological treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rev Cubana Farm [online]. 2011, vol.45, n.1, pp.109-126. ISSN 0034-7515.. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in over 50 years-old men consisting in uncontrolled and benign growth of prostatic gland that leads to lower urinary tract symptoms. The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia is multifactoral involving the increased conversion of testosterone in dihydrotestosterone by the prostatic 5a-reductase action, which brought about events that encourage the prostate growth (static component) and the increase of the bladder and prostate smooth muscle tone (dynamic component) regulated by the a1 -adrenoceptors (ADR). The pharmacological treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia includes the prostatic 5a-reductase inhibitors, the a1-adrenoreceptor blockers, their combined therapy and the phytotherapy. This paper was aimed at ...
BACKGROUND: Antipsychotics (APs) are known to exacerbate symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and may even cause urinary retention. The anticholinergic effects of APs and their dopamine D2- and α-receptor blockade may lead to voiding dysfunction of BPH patients. The objective of our study was to investigate whether the use ... read more of APs is associated with an increased risk of initiating medication for BPH in men with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Data from the nationwide MEDALZ (MEDication use and ALZheimers disease) cohort, including all community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD in Finland, were utilized. Register-based data included medication dispensing, comorbidities, and hospital discharge diagnoses. Men who initiated APs (n = 4579) were 1:1 matched with men who did not initiate APs (n = 4579), according to time since AD diagnoses and age. The risk of starting BPH medication was investigated with Cox regression. RESULTS: Among AP users, BPH medication was initiated ...
We show here that peptides selected from phage libraries for homing to the prostate vasculature reveal tissue-specific features in the blood vessels of the prostate. We also show that a peptide capable of homing to the blood vessels in the prostate can target a proapoptotic peptide to the prostate, and that systemic treatment with this targeted compound can cause destruction of prostate tissue and delay the development of prostate cancer in mice. Our results show that, like the vasculature of many other tissues analyzed in previous work (2-4), the vasculature of the prostate is biochemically distinct. The accumulation of the SMSIARL phage and fluorescein-labeled SMSIARL peptide in the prostate blood vessels after an i.v. injection indicates that this peptide binds selectively to the blood vessels in the prostate. The selective destruction of prostate tissue caused by targeting of a proapoptotic peptide to the prostate with the SMSIARL homing peptide supports this conclusion.. The molecular ...
Rationale: Prostate cancer is a frequently observed malignancy in men, especially in elderly men. Besides diagnosis and treatment, also prevention of prostate cancer is an important point of interest to reduce the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer. Selenium is considered to be a promising chemopreventive agent for prostate cancer. Exact mechanisms of chemoprevention by selenium are not fully understood. However, it is expected that selenium (among other effects) directly affects gene expression in the prostate.. Objective: The aim of this study is to get insight into bioavailability of selenium in prostate tissue and changes of gene expression profiles that might be responsible for selenium-induced chemoprevention. To meet this objective, the relationship between dietary selenium intake and changes in gene expression profiles, tissue selenium levels and blood flow in prostate tissue will be examined.. Study design: The present study is designed as a double-blind, randomized and ...
In most cases, prostate cancer grows slowly. In fact, for some men, the prostate cancer grows so slowly that it never becomes a major problem. However, some types of prostate cancer can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads from its point of origin to other locations, it is termed metastasized cancer. Prostate cancer most commonly metastasizes to the bones, bone marrow, liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and bladder. By far, prostate cancer most frequently metastasizes to the bones. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death among American men, according to the American Cancer Society. However, prostate cancer related deaths are decreasing, probably because of improved detection methods and treatments. The exact cause of prostate cancer is not always known. Researchers have recently discovered that some types of prostate cancer are linked to changes in DNA. Your DNA is the carrier of your genetic information, including directions for how your ...
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.
September 3, 2010. In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate gland grows in size and it may compress the urethra which courses through the center of the prostate,www.jordanphoenixsuns8.us. This article emphasizes on some of the important facts about BPH.. The term prostate is a minute organ with an approximate size of a walnut. It is situated under the bladder and surrounds the urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder). This prostate makes a fluid that helps to foster sperm as part of the semen (ejaculatory fluid). Some may think that when you have the benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms this will lead to a kind of cancer. That can affect the emotional state of the one who is involved,www.jordanphoenixsuns8.us. In fact, a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland. Meaning this is not a precursor to prostate cancer. In BPH, the prostate gland grows in size and it may compress the urethra which courses through the center of the prostate. ...
Your prostate cancer prognosis depends on your age, size and stage of the tumor at diagnosis. However, compared to other cancers, the prognosis of prostate cancer is not alarming. In most cases, the cancer remains localized in the prostate and has little or no effect on general health or longevity.. Another benefit is that the prostate cancer progresses slowly. In most cases, after diagnosis, thecancer grows slowly and remains confined to the prostate gland for 10 years or more. Thus, many prostate cancer victims die with prostate cancer but not of prostate cancer. The survival rates of prostate cancer vary from one race to another. The overall 5-year relative survival rate for 1999-2005 from 17 SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends Results) geographic areas was 99.7%. Five-year relative survival rates by race were:. ...