Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2) is a prostanoid. Prostanoids is a term that collectively describes prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes. Prostanoids are a subclass of the lipid mediator group known as eicosanoids. They derive from C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3n-6), arachidonic (20:4n-6), and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids, through the action of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). The reaction product of COX is the unstable endoperoxide prostaglandin H (PGH) that is further transformed into the individual prostanoids by a series of specific prostanoid synthases. Prostanoids are local-acting mediators formed and inactivated within the same or neighbouring cells prior to their release into circulation as inactive metabolites (15-keto- and 13,14-dihydroketo metabolites). Non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids in vivo can result in prostaglandin-like substances isomeric to the COX-derived prostaglandins that are termed ...

HeLa cells were synchronized for S-phase DNA synthesis by the double thymidine-block procedure. A comparison was made of the polyamine content and S-phase DNA synthesis in cells from control cultures and cultures to which an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, alpha-difluoromethylornithine, was added to the synchronization medium. Control cells showed a peak of synchronous DNA synthesis at 3 h and a maximum concentration of polyamines at 6-9 h after release of the second thymidine block. Cells from cultures containing the inhibitor were severely inhibited in the synthesis of DNA and contained no putrescine and only traces of spermidine while the spermine content was lowered by as much as 80%. Supplementation of cultures containing alpha-difluoromethylornithine with a polyamine, at the time of release of the second thymidine block, replenished the intracellular pool of the administered polyamine and partially restored S-phase DNA synthesis, with a lag of 3-6 h. Almost complete restoration of DNA ...

Primary treatment-related effects included: initial sedation of animals exposed to 3,000 ppm and its subsequent resolution correlating with induction of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity and S-phase DNA synthesis; elevated mortality in high-exposure male rats and mice (chronic study); elevated deposition of alpha2u-globulin (alpha2U-G) and associated nephropathy and S-phase DNA synthesis in male rat kidneys; accelerated atrophy of the adrenal gland X-zone in female mice (subchronic study only); and increased occurrence and/or severity of eosinophilic foci of altered hepatocytes in male rats ...

In this study we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of univalent-cation fluxes which follow the addition of growth factors are required for cell transition through the G1-phase of the cell cycle. The effect of two drugs, amiloride and bumetanide, were tested on exit of BALB/c 3T3 cells from G0/G1-phase and entry into S-phase (DNA synthesis). Amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ antiport, only partially inhibited DNA synthesis induced by serum. Bumetanide, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+ co-transport, only slightly suppressed DNA synthesis by itself, but when added together with amiloride completely blocked cell transition through G1 and entry into S-phase. Similar inhibitory effects of the two drugs were found on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (a marker of mid-G1-phase) in synchronized cells stimulated by either partially purified fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or serum. To test this hypothesis further, cells arrested in G0/G1 were stimulated by serum, insulin or FGF. All induced ...

available through Sub-core. **= 9-HOTrE, 13-HOTrE, 13-oxo-ODE, 9-oxo-ODE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 12(13)-EpOME, 9(10)-EpOME, EKODE, 12,13-DiHOME, 9,10-DiHOME, 15-deoxy-Prostaglandin J2, 15-HEPE, 8-HEPE, 12-HEPE, 5-HEPE, 17(18)-EpETE, 15-oxo-ETE, 14(15)-EpETE, 11(12)-EpETE, 8(9)-EpETE, 12-oxo-ETE, 5-oxo-ETE, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE, 8-HETE, 12-HETE, 9-HETE, 5-HETE, 14(15)-EET, 11(12)-EET, 8(9)-EET, 5(6)-EET, 15(S)-HETrE, Prostaglandin J2, Prostaglandin B2, 8,15-DiHETE, 6-trans-Leukotriene B4, 5,15-DiHETE, 17,18-DiHET, Leukotriene B4, 14,15-DiHETE, 5,6-DiHETE, 14,15-DiHET, Leukotriene B3, 11,12-DiHET, 8,9-DiHET, 5,6-DiHET, 17-HDHA, 19(20)-EpDPA, 16(17)-EpDPA, 13(14)-EpDPA, 10(11)-EpDPA, 7(8)-EpDPA, Prostaglandin E3, Prostaglandin D3, 20-OH-Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandin E2, Prostaglandin D2, Lipoxin A4, Prostaglandin F2a, Prostaglandin E1, Prostaglandin D1, 19,20-DiHDPE, 20-COOH-LTB4, 6-keto-PGF1a, TXB2, Resolvin D1. ***= 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, anthranilic acid, L-tryptophan, ...

Porphyran is a sulfate galactan in the cell wall of Porphyra. Its acid hydrolysis product, oligo-porphyran (OP), was prepared and the structure studied by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). This oligosaccharide was mainly composed of monosulfate-oligo-galactan, disufate-oligo-galactan, trisulfate-oligo-galactan, trisulfate oligo-methyl-galactan, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose with the degree of polymerization ranging from 1 to 8. The effects of OP were investigated in the glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) model. Compared with the normal group, rats from the glycerol-induced group exhibited collecting duct and medullary ascending limb dilation and casts. The OP-treated group exerted a protective effect against glycerol-induced changes. The results showed that the administration of OP markedly decreased mortality in female ARF rats. For male ARF rats, all of which survived, OP significantly decreased the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Ion levels in

At first, one might think this is a sad story. Can someone actually be allergic to beer? Luckily, it has a happy ending. This tale of woe, comes to us from the journal Allergy. A sad man reported shortness of breath and skin rashes after drinking beer. At first, it sounds like an allergy to everyones favourite fermented beverage. A mans dreams of Oktoberfest debauchery might evaporate like the Angels share. Luckily a team of researchers at the Allergy Unit of the Faenza Hospital, in Italy took pity on this man and went all CSI on his immune system. Allergies to cereal products (i.e. beer) might be due to a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP). With the vast variety of cereals used to make beer, the researchers proposed that only one kind of cereal might contain a LTP responsible for this allergy. This brave - allergic - soul was subject to a vast number of reaction inducing skin puncture tests. His skin was violated with all sorts of beer related allergens and 36 different commercial beer ...

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1) To better understand the relationship between the phenotype and genotype of ALS and related diseases, including PLS, HSP, PMA, and FTD. (2) To develop biomarkers that might be useful in aiding therapy development for this group of disorders.. (3) To explore the gene-environment relationship in ALS and related disorders. ...

SCM427Hu, CLIA Kit for Ras Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (Rac1), TC-25; p21-Rac1; MIG5; Cell migration-inducing gene 5 protein; Ras-like protein TC25; p21-Rac1 | Products for research use only!

Study information from Be Involved at CepEsperu Baptist Medical Center for: Phenotype, genotype, and biomarkers (PGB) in ALS and related disorders

Little Bits was created in 2006 as a way for Sandi {Carisa mom} to raise money for our families mission work. We are full time missionaries in the inner city and have been for over 6 years. We live and serve in one of Americas toughest neighborhoods. ALL profits, yes ALL, come directly into our ministry account. Sandi donates it all to us...this is her calling and her mission work. We are so grateful for her service to us and mostly to the Lord ...

Little Bits was created in 2006 as a way for Sandi {Carisa mom} to raise money for our families mission work. We are full time missionaries in the inner city and have been for over 6 years. We live and serve in one of Americas toughest neighborhoods. ALL profits, yes ALL, come directly into our ministry account. Sandi donates it all to us...this is her calling and her mission work. We are so grateful for her service to us and mostly to the Lord ...

Hi, This series contains the previously posted linux-user fix for dealing with weird mmap semantics as well as some tweaks to configure as suggested in a late review of my last PR. It includes tilegx in the modified configure logic for handling deprecated fixes. There is also a fix from Max for iotests although I suspect there will be a v2 of the patch soon. Most need review: - gitlab: create a build-deprecated target - configure: include tilegx-linux-user in the auto-exclude logic - configure: also skip deprecated targets with target-list-exclude - configure: use add_to for tweaking deprecated_features - linux-user: test, dont assert addr != test in pgb_reserved_va Alex Bennée (5): linux-user: test, dont assert addr != test in pgb_reserved_va configure: use add_to for tweaking deprecated_features configure: also skip deprecated targets with target-list-exclude configure: include tilegx-linux-user in the auto-exclude logic gitlab: create a build-deprecated target Max Reitz (1): iotests: Work ...

In addition to cellular interactions via cytokines, the immune and skeletal systems share various molecules, including transcription factors, signaling molecules and membrane receptors1. RANKL stimulates osteoclastogenesis through NFATc1 in cooperation with immunoglobulin-like receptors, using the immunomodulatory molecules for signalling2. Here I will discuss emerging topics in osteoimmunology including the mechanisms underlying bone cell communication: osteocyte RANKL3, regulation of bone formation by osteoclast-derived Sema4D4, and osteoprotection by osteoblast-derived Sema3A5.. References: (1) Nat Rev Immunol 7, 292 304, 2007.. (2) Nat Rev Rheumatol 5, 667 76, 2009.. (3) Nat Med 17, 1231 34, 2011.. (4) Nat Med. 17, 1473 80, 2011.. (5) Nature, in press. ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Glomerular inflammation induces resistance to tubular injury in the rat. A novel form of acquired, heme oxygenase-dependent resistance to renal injury. AU - Vogt, Beth A.. AU - Shanley, Thomas P.. AU - Croatt, Anthony. AU - Alam, Jawed. AU - Johnson, Kent J.. AU - Nath, Karl A.. PY - 1996/11/1. Y1 - 1996/11/1. N2 - Considerable attention is directed to a surprising biologic phenomenon wherein tissues exposed to one insult acquire resistance to another. We identify a novel example of acquired resistance to acute renal failure and a mechanism that contributes to such resistance. Nephrotoxic serum, administered to rats 24 h before the induction of glycerol-induced acute renal failure, reduces functional and structural injury that occurs in this model. Since heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, protects against heme protein-induced renal injury, we questioned whether induction of heme oxygenase underlies the protection afforded by nephrotoxic serum. Kidney ...

In order to identify antifungal compounds from natural sources to be used as ingredients in the bakery industry, water/salt-soluble extracts (WSE) from different legume flour hydrolysates obtained by the use of a fungal protease were assayed against Penicillium roqueforti DPPMAF1. The agar diffusion assays allowed the selection of the pea (Pisum sativum) hydrolysate as the most active. As shown by the hyphal radial growth rate, the WSE had inhibitory activity towards several fungi isolated from bakeries. The MIC of the WSE was 9.0 mg/ml. Fungal inhibition was slightly affected by heating and variations in pH. The antifungal activity was attributed to three native proteins (pea defensins 1 and 2 and a nonspecific lipid transfer protein [nsLTP]) and a mixture of peptides released during hydrolysis. The three proteins have been reported previously as components of the defense system of the plant. Five peptides were purified from WSE and were identified as sequences encrypted in leginsulin A, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The novel mechanism of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus. AU - Avinash, Holla. AU - Sudha, Vidyasagar. AU - Laxminarayan, Bairy. AU - Nandakrishna, B.. AU - Shastry, B. A.. AU - Asha, Kamath. AU - Hande, Manjunath. PY - 2020/9/1. Y1 - 2020/9/1. N2 - Background: Steroid-induced diabetes (SID) may be due to either insulin resistance (IR) or beta cell dysfunction or combination of both. Several studies have established that these effects of steroids may be mediated by an osteoblast-derived protein called osteocalcin (OC). However, this effect has been described only in diabetic patients and has not been studied in SID patients. Aim and study design: A prospective observational study was designed to evaluate the correlation between serum OC level and blood glucose profile, in patients on steroids. Results: Out of a total of 88 subjects who were on steroid therapy, 42 (47.7%) subjects had their blood sugar levels in the diabetic range. Based on the glycemic status, subjects were ...

The CReATe Consortium, initiated and led by Dr. Michael Benatar, is a new member of the NIHs Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). The scientific goals of CReATe PGB, the first study undertaken by the CReATe Consortium, are to better understand the relationship between phenotype and genotype in ALS and related disorders (including PLS, HSP, PMA, FTD and MSP); and to develop biomarkers that might be useful in aiding therapy development for this group of disorders. Each year CReATe will also fund 1-2 pilot biomarker discovery project(s) that will utilize biological samples collected from patients who are enrolled in PBG (or other research studies) through the CReATe consortium.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Suppression of replication fork progression in low-dose-specific p53-dependent S-phase DNA damage checkpoint. AU - Shimura, T.. AU - Toyoshima, M.. AU - Adiga, S. K.. AU - Kunoh, T.. AU - Nagai, H.. AU - Shimizu, N.. AU - Inoue, M.. AU - Niwa, O.. PY - 2006/9/28. Y1 - 2006/9/28. N2 - The S-phase DNA damage checkpoint is activated by DNA damage to delay DNA synthesis allowing time to resolve the replication block. We previously discovered the p53-dependent S-phase DNA damage checkpoint in mouse zygotes fertilized with irradiated sperm. Here, we report that the same p53 dependency holds in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) at low doses of irradiation. DNA synthesis in p53 wild-type (WT) MEFs was suppressed in a biphasic manner in which a sharp decrease below 2.5 Gy was followed by a more moderate decrease up to 10 Gy. In contrast, p53-/- MEFs exhibited radioresistant DNA synthesis below 2.5 Gy whereas the cells retained the moderate suppression above 5 Gy. DNA fiber analysis ...

Principal Investigator：IKEDA Hitoshi, Project Period (FY)：2002 - 2003, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Gastroenterology