To assess the relation between urinary endogenous sex steroid levels and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, a nested case-cohort study was conducted within a large cohort (the DOM cohort) in the Netherlands (n=9,349). Until the end of follow-up (1 January 1996), 397 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were identified and a subcohort of 424 women was then taken from all eligible women. Women using hormones were excluded, leaving 364 breast cancer cases and 382 women in the subcohort for the analyses. Concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, testosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol and creatinine were measured in first morning urine samples, which had been stored since enrolment at -20 degrees C. A Cox proportional Hazards model was used, with Barlows adjustment for case-cohort sampling, to estimate breast cancer risk in quartiles of each of the, creatinine corrected, hormone levels, the lowest quartile being the reference group. Women with higher levels of all four of the hormones were

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Axial BMD, change in BMD and bone turnover do not predict breast cancer incidence in early postmenopausal women. AU - Stewart, Alison. AU - Kumar, A.. AU - Torgerson, D. J.. AU - Fraser, W. D.. AU - Gilbert, Fiona. AU - Reid, David M. PY - 2005/12. Y1 - 2005/12. N2 - Previous studies have indicated a relationship between bone mineral density and the incidence of breast cancer in middle-aged and elderly women, with women with higher BMD being at significant increased risk. We investigated whether there was such a relationship in younger women who were perimenopausal or in their early postmenopausal years. As part of a population-screening program for osteoporosis, 5,119 women aged between 45 and 54 years were scanned between 1990-1994 at the Osteoporosis Research Unit. In 1997-2001, 3,884 returned for follow-up scans and questionnaires, and 3,144 returned a postal questionnaire in 2002. All cases of incident breast cancer were noted. One hundred sixty-six women indicated that they ...

Complex ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not associated with ovarian cancer risk factors: preliminary data from the Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Bazedoxifene (BZA) 20 mg tablet is an investigational medication (not approved by FDA) which is being studied for possible prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.. PREMARIN® (conjugated estrogens [CE]) is approved by FDA to treat moderate to severe symptoms of menopause (i.e., hot flashes, and/or vulvar and vaginal atrophy) and for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, breakdown and elimination in the body) of a single dose of PREMARIN® when administered together with multiple doses of bazedoxifene (BZA) to healthy postmenopausal women.. Information will also be obtained regarding the safety and tolerability of the study medications when given together to healthy postmenopausal women. ...

A decrease in breast cancer cases is associated with a decreased number of postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, a new study suggests.. Canadian researchers found that, after the therapys risks were made known in 2002, hormone use by women dropped from 12.7 percent to 4.9 percent between 2002 and 2004. Over the same period, there was a 10 percent decrease in breast cancer cases, according to the study.. The researchers estimated how many women used the hormone replacement therapies by asking 1,200 Canadian women ages 50 to 69 whether they used the therapy between 1996 and 2006.. Hormone replacement therapy was a standard treatment for women in menopause - the hormones lessen hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms. But in 2002, the U.S. Womens Health Initiative clinical trial found that the elevated risk of cancer and stroke associated with long-term use of the therapies did not outweigh the benefits of the therapies themselves.. The researchers also found mammography ...

We have reported previously an increased breast cancer risk associated with higher BMI levels in our study of postmenopausal women (15) . Our current finding that this association is restricted to women with ER+/PR+ tumors provides further evidence of a hormone-mediated effect of body fat on postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Previous experimental studies have demonstrated the conversion of androstenedione to estrone, the major form of estrogen produced by postmenopausal women, via the aromatase enzyme complex in adipose tissue (5, 6, 7) . In addition, increased serum levels of free estradiol associated with decreased sex-hormone binding globulin levels and increased triglyceride levels have been demonstrated in obese postmenopausal women (16) . Prospective studies of both premenopausal and postmenopausal women have demonstrated an increased breast cancer risk associated with higher endogenous estrogen levels (17 , 18) .. It remains unclear, however, whether higher endogenous estrogen levels ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer in the ORDET cohort. T2 - A nested case-control study. AU - Agnoli, C.. AU - Berrino, F.. AU - Abagnato, C. A.. AU - Muti, P.. AU - Panico, S.. AU - Crosignani, P.. AU - Krogh, V.. PY - 2010/1. Y1 - 2010/1. N2 - Background and aims: The increase in breast cancer incidence over recent decades has been accompanied by an increase in the frequency of metabolic syndrome. Several studies suggest that breast cancer risk is associated with the components of metabolic syndrome (high serum glucose and triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure, and abdominal obesity), but no prospective study has investigated risk in relation to the presence of explicitly defined metabolic syndrome. We investigated associations between metabolic syndrome, its components, and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study on postmenopausal women of the ORDET cohort. Methods and results: After a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 163 women ...

URL: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/102/3/573/4564305. Journal: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Publication Date: 09/2015. Summary: Heart associations recommend limited intake of sat- urated fat. However, effects of saturated fat on low-density lipopro- tein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk might depend on nutrients and specific saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in food. We explored the effects of cheese and meat as sources of SFAs or isocaloric replacement with carbohydrates on blood lipids, lipoproteins, and fecal excretion of fat and bile acids. The study was a randomized, crossover, open-label in- tervention in 14 overweight postmenopausal women. Three full- diet periods of 2-wk duration were provided separated by 2-wk washout periods. The isocaloric diets were as follows: 1) a high- cheese (96-120-g) intervention [i.e., intervention containing cheese (CHEESE)], 2) a macronutrient-matched nondairy, high- meat control [i.e., nondairy control with ...

Postmenopause: Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on postmenopause at PatientsLikeMe. 84 patients with postmenopause experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and insomnia and use Buprenorphine patch, Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen, Hydroxyzine, Oxycodone-acetaminophen, and Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) to treat their postmenopause and its symptoms.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Are depressive symptoms associated with cancer screening and cancer stage at diagnosis among postmenopausal women? The womens health initiative observational cohort. AU - Aggarwal, Arpita. AU - Freund, Karen. AU - Sato, Alicia. AU - Adams-Campbell, Lucille L.. AU - Lopez, Ana Maria. AU - Lessin, Lawrence S.. AU - Ockene, Judith. AU - Wallace, Robert B.. AU - Williams, Carla D.. AU - Bonds, Denise E.. PY - 2008/10/1. Y1 - 2008/10/1. N2 - Background: Women with depressive symptoms may use preventive services less frequently and experience poorer health outcomes. We investigated the association of depressive symptoms with breast and colorectal cancer screening rates and stage of cancer among a cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods: In The Womens Health Initiative Observational Study, 93,676 women were followed on average for 7.6 years. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and at 3 years using the 6-item scale from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale ...

The USPSTF reviewed evidence from 10 trials that evaluated the effect of risk-reducing medications for breast cancer.3,4 Four trials (n = 28,193) evaluated tamoxifen in premenopausal and postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer13-15,52-60 (in 1 additional trial of low-dose tamoxifen in postmenopausal women not at increased risk for breast cancer,61 the low dose was not found to reduce risk of breast cancer and so was not considered further by the USPSTF); 2 trials (n = 17,806) evaluated raloxifene in postmenopausal women not at increased risk for breast cancer,62-78 1 trial (n = 19,747) directly compared raloxifene with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer (STAR trial79-81), and 2 trials evaluated aromatase inhibitors (examestane82,83 [n = 4560] and anastrozole84-86 [n = 3864]) in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. Each of the studies that targeted women at increased risk for breast cancer used different combinations of risk ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of treated diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women. T2 - The womens health initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. AU - Tinker, Lesley F.. AU - Bonds, Denise E.. AU - Margolis, Karen L.. AU - Manson, Jo Ann E.. AU - Howard, Barbara V.. AU - Larson, Joseph. AU - Perri, Michael G.. AU - Beresford, Shirley A.A.. AU - Robinson, Jennifer G.. AU - Rodríguez, Beatriz. AU - Safford, Monika M.. AU - Wenger, Nanette K.. AU - Stevens, Victor J.. AU - Parker, Linda M.. PY - 2008/7/28. Y1 - 2008/7/28. N2 - Background: Decreased fat intake with weight loss and increased exercise may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus in persons with impaired glucose tolerance. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at 40 US clinical centers from 1993 to 2005, including 48 835 ...

We found an inverse association between physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, which was most pronounced for leisure-time PA. The protective effect was restricted to hormone receptor positive invasive carcinomas. PA after age 50 years appeared to be more effective at preventing postmenopausal ER+/PR+ carcinomas than PA in earlier adulthood. Further, the effect of PA on breast cancer subtypes was independent from the effect of adult weight gain, BMI, and energy intake. This study found no protective effect of PA for carcinoma in situ. After separating invasive carcinomas by histology, HER-2/neu status, or grade no substantial effect modification was seen. The magnitude of the protective effect might vary slightly but not significantly among histological and HER2-neu subtypes.. To date, this is the largest case-control study with comprehensive assessment of physical activities for two different age periods, assessing risk of breast cancer subtypes. All known or suspected ...

Women with benign proliferative breast disease (BPBD) are at increased risk for developing breast cancer. Evidence suggests that accumulation of adipose tissue can influence breast cancer development via hyperinsulinemia, increased estrogen, and/or inflammation. However, there are limited data investigating these pathways with respect to risk of BPBD. We evaluated serologic markers from these pathways in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within the Womens Health Initiative Clinical Trial. Cases were the 667 women who developed BPBD during follow-up, and they were matched to 1,321 controls. Levels of insulin, estradiol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin were measured in fasting serum collected at baseline. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs for the association of each factor with BPBD risk. Among nonusers of hormone therapy, fasting serum insulin was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of BPBD (OR for highest vs. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dietary intake, physical activity and body mass index among postmenopausal women. AU - Ranasinghe, Chaya. AU - Shettigar, Pallavi G.. AU - Garg, Meenakshi. PY - 2017/10/1. Y1 - 2017/10/1. N2 - Context: Nutrition plays a vital role in the quality of life in postmenopausal women. Aim: The aim is to determine the dietary intake, physical activity, and assess the body mass index (BMI) among postmenopausal women. Settings and Design: A community-based sample survey. Materials and Methods: The present study included 140 postmenopausal women (40-70 years) from Udupi, Manipal areas of Karnataka. The study was carried out between July and December 2013. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data included height, weight, waist, and hip circumference. Dietary intake was determined using 24 h dietary recall. Physical activity information was collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Paired t-test was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Examination of the Effect of Nongenetic Risk Factors on the Familial Risk of Breast Cancer among Relatives of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients. AU - Chen, Ping Ling. AU - Sellers, Thomas A.. AU - Potter, John D.. AU - Folsom, Aaron R.. AU - Sellers, Thomas A.. AU - Rich, Stephen S.. AU - Rich, Stephen S.. PY - 1994/10/1. Y1 - 1994/10/1. N2 - Relatives of postmenopausal breast cancer patients have a greater risk of breast cancer than do women with no family history of the disease. However, no study has previously examined the contribution of other breast cancer risk factors to risk in these relatives, thus precluding the ability to discern between shared environment or genes as the cause of familial aggregation. We conducted a nested case-control study of 251 index case families and 234 index control families. Incident breast cancer cases occurring in 1988-1989 and cancer-free controls were selected from a prospective cohort study. A pedigree development form was mailed to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Twinship and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. AU - Cerhan, James R.. AU - Kushi, Lawrence H.. AU - Olson, Janet E.. AU - Rich, Stephen S.. AU - Zheng, Wei. AU - Folsom, Aaron R.. AU - Sellers, Thomas A.. PY - 2000/2/2. Y1 - 2000/2/2. N2 - Background: Intrauterine exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogens has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer. Because estrogens and other pregnancy hormones are substantially elevated in twin pregnancies, and possibly more so in dizygotic twin pregnancies, we evaluated the association between aspects of twin membership (i.e., belonging to a twin pair) and the risk of breast cancer. Methods: In a cohort of 29 197 postmenopausal Iowa women with no prior diagnosis of cancer (except for nonmelanoma skin cancer), breast cancer risk factors were determined by use of a mailed questionnaire in 1986 (baseline); twin membership, sex of the twin, and zygosity were determined by use of a follow-up questionnaire in 1992. Results: ...

Tager, F.A., McKinley, P.S., Schnabel, F.R. et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2011) 126: 271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-009-0684- ...

Kidney cancer incidence is increasing globally. Reasons for this rise are unclear but could relate to obesity and hypertension. We analyzed longitudinal relationships between hypertension and obesity and kidney cancer incidence in 156 774 participants of the Womens Health Initiative clinical trials and observational studies over 10.8 years. In addition, we examined the effect of blood pressure (BP) on kidney cancer deaths for over 25 years among the 353 340 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In the Womens Health Initiative, systolic BP (SBP) was categorized in 6 groups from ,120 to ,160 mm Hg, and body mass index was categorized using standard criteria. In age-adjusted analyses, kidney cancer risk increased across SBP categories (P value for trend ,0.0001) and body mass index categories (P value for trend ,0.0001). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, both SBP levels and body mass index were predictors of kidney cancer. In the MRFIT sample, there were ...

The Endocrine Society - SAN FRANCISCOâ€- Postmenopausal women had better improvement in verbal learning and memory after receiving treatment with testosterone gel, compared with women who received sham treatment with a placebo, a new study found. Results were presented Monday at The Endocrine Societys 95th Annual Meeting in San Francisco.. This is the first large, placebo-controlled study of the effects of testosterone on mental skills in postmenopausal women who are not on estrogen therapy, said principal investigator Susan Davis, MBBS (MD), PhD, of Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Our study has confirmed our similar findings from two smaller studies in postmenopausal women and suggests that testosterone therapy may protect women against cognitive decline after menopause.. Menopause has been linked with memory decline because of a decrease in levels of the protective hormone estrogen. Yet testosterone also is an important hormone in women because it has a role in sexual desire, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pre-menopausal and post-menopausal depressed women. AU - Roy, Alec. AU - Linnoila, Markku. AU - Jimerson, David C.. AU - Gold, Philip. AU - Pickar, David. PY - 1986. Y1 - 1986. N2 - In a consecutive series of 28 depressed women, pre-menopausal (n = 13) and post-menopausal (n = 15) patients were compared. Post-menopausal women had significantly higher levels of plasma norepinephrine, plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol, cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and corticotropin-releasing hormone. However, when biologic measures were adjusted for age by analyses of covariance there were no significant differences. Pre-menopausal women had had significantly more life events before the onset of depression than post-menopausal women. The implications of these findings are discussed.. AB - In a consecutive series of 28 depressed women, pre-menopausal (n = 13) and post-menopausal (n = 15) patients were compared. Post-menopausal women had ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Mitotically active leiomyoma of the uterus in a postmenopausal breast cancer patient receiving tamoxifen. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Background: The potential benefits of hormone therapy (HT) in treating depressed postmenopausal women are controversial, and data on depression (re)emergence in the context of HT discontinuation are lacking.. Objective: To determine whether HT is associated with a modified risk of new-onset depressive symptoms in elderly women.. Method: Current depressive symptomatology was evaluated in 4,069 community-dwelling postmenopausal women aged 65 years and over who were randomly recruited from 3 French cities between 1999 and 2001. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale at baseline and as part of the 2- and 4-year follow-up.. Results: Over the follow-up period, multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic variables, measures of physical health, and cognitive impairment failed to find a significant association between HT at baseline and the incidence of depressive symptoms. However further analysis indicated an ...

This study investigates whether the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with statin use among postmenopausal women participating in the Womens Health Initiative (WHI).. [swfobj src=http://www.asociaciondecardiologiadeelsalvador.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/statins.swf width=590px height=480px ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. AU - Gunter, Marc J.. AU - Hoover, Donald R.. AU - Yu, Herbert. AU - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia. AU - Rohan, Thomas E.. AU - Manson, Joann E.. AU - Li, Jixin. AU - Ho, Gloria Y F. AU - Xue, Xiaonan (Nan). AU - Anderson, Garnet L.. AU - Kaplan, Robert C.. AU - Harris, Tiffany G.. AU - Howard, Barbara V.. AU - Wylie-Rosett, Judith. AU - Burk, Robert D.. AU - Strickler, Howard. PY - 2009/1. Y1 - 2009/1. N2 - Background: The positive association between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer has been attributed, in part, to the fact that estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer, is synthesized in adipose tissue. Obesity is also associated with high levels of insulin, a known mitogen. However, no prospective studies have directly assessed associations between circulating levels of insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, a related hormone, and the risk of breast cancer independent ...

There is general agreement that physical exercise can positively influence osteoporotic fracture risk along two pathways: first by reducing the risk of falls via an improvement of fall related neuromuscular abilities; second by increasing bone strength.. Whole body vibration (WBV) training has recently been proposed as a new approach for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Animal studies have shown evidence that WBV may be an effective method to improve bone mass, architecture and strength. However, the results of human WBV training studies are rather heterogeneous.. In the Erlangen Longitudinal Vibration Study II (ELVIS II), a randomized, controlled 12 month lasting study the investigators determine the effect of a thrice weekly WBV training on two different devices on the osteoporotic risk factors: bone mineral density, falls and neuromuscular performance. Particular the investigators compare a bipedal vertical oscillating Plate with a plate which rotates around a central axis leading to ...

The association between postmenopausal hormone use and risk of breast cancer may depend on histopathology. Of particular interest is the association between combined hormone therapy and increased risk of lobular carcinoma. This lesion is increasingly common but, nonetheless, comprises fewer than 10% …

We have evaluated radial bone mass and sex steroid concentrations in a group of postmenopausal white type 2 diabetics, that group at greatest risk of developing osteoporosis. The linear regression of midshaft bone mass on age for 79 patients showed a rate of loss about half the rate for normals. The …

Mathematical methods exist to determine the fractions of sex hormones bound to albumin, bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), or unbound, using total hormone concentration and SHBG concentration. We used data from eight prospective studies of postmenopausal women to assess the validity of these estimates for fractions of estradiol (E2) and to investigate the impact of using calculated values in breast cancer relative risk (RR) models. Comparisons were made between measured and calculated concentrations of free and non-SHBG-bound E2 in four studies. Relationships between the hormone fractions were investigated and a sensitivity analysis of the calculation performed. Breast cancer RRs were estimated using conditional logistic regression by quintiles of free E2. There is a high correlation (r | 0.91) between calculated and measured values of both free and non-SHBG-bound E2. The calculation is highly sensitive to total hormone concentration but is relatively insensitive to SHBG concentration. In

BACKGROUND: The impact of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) on non-cancer-related outcomes, which are known to be affected by oestrogens, has become increasingly important in postmenopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. So far, data related to the effect of AIs on lipid profile in postmenopausal women is scarce. This study, as a companion substudy of an EORTC phase II trial (10951), evaluated the impact of exemestane, a steroidal aromatase inactivator, on the lipid profile of postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The EORTC trial 10951 randomised 122 postmenopausal breast cancer patients to exemestane (E) 25 mg (n = 62) or tamoxifen (T) 20 mg (n = 60) once daily as a first-line treatment in the metastatic setting. Exemestane showed promising results in all the primary efficacy end points of the trial (response rate, clinical benefit rate and response duration), and it was well tolerated with low incidence of serious toxicity. As a secondary end point ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hot flashes in postmenopausal women treated for breast carcinoma. T2 - Prevalence, severity, correlates, management, and relation to quality of life. AU - Carpenter, Janet S.. AU - Andrykowski, Michael A.. AU - Cordova, Matthew. AU - Cunningham, Lauren. AU - Studts, Jamie. AU - McGrath, Patrick. AU - Kenady, Daniel. AU - Sloan, David. AU - Munn, Rita. PY - 1998/5/1. Y1 - 1998/5/1. N2 - BACKGROUND. Research on hot flashes (HFs) after the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma (BC) is scarce. To our knowledge, this research represents the second study of HF prevalence and severity in women with BC and the first study of 1) correlates of HF prevalence and severity, 2) use of HF management strategies, and 3) the relation between HFs and quality of life (QOL) among women with BC. METHODS. Eligible women (n = 136) participated in structured telephone interviews. RESULTS. Of the 114 postmenopausal women interviewed, 65% reported HFs, with 59% of women with HFs (n = 74) rating the ...

Aim: To examine the association between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 177 postmenopausal women participated in a cross-sectional study. They were interviewed to collect anthropometric and demographic characteristics. BMD was measured and biochemical parameters were estimated in fasting blood samples. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the association between individual components of MetS and BMD. Results: Among 177 postmenopausal women, 116 (66%) had MetS. Women with MetS had significantly higher mean values of BMD and T scores at the total hip (P Conclusions: Body weight and osteocalcin were more strongly associated with bone mass than any other component of MetS in postmenopausal women. However, further studies seem to be needed to confirm their observation.

My research is mainly focused on the effects of cholesterol, saturated fat and statin drugs on health. If you know anyone who is worried about their cholesterol levels and heart disease, or has been told to take statin drugs you could send them a link to this website, and to my statin or cholesterol or heart disease books ...

Multiple epidemiologic and animal studies have established the link between obesity and increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. Because obesity is referred to as the epidemic of the 21st century with around 36% of the adult United States women defined as obese and another one third as overweight (1), this disease has a dramatic effect on quality of life as well as on life expectancy in the United States. The estimated increased risk for breast cancer is around 1.3- to 2-fold for obese postmenopausal women as compared with normal-weight postmenopausal women (2, 3). Several mechanisms have been proposed as being responsible for this increased risk for breast cancer. Among those, a well-studied mechanism is altered estrogen biosynthesis, mainly involving increased aromatase expression (4). Aromatase catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis from androgens. Estrogen executes its effect mostly by binding to estrogen receptors (ER). Nuclear ERs function as transcription factors and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of nitric oxide in coronary vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women. AU - Guetta, Victor. AU - Quyyumi, Arshed A.. AU - Prasad, Abhiram. AU - Panza, Julio A.. AU - Waclawiw, Myron. AU - Cannon, Richard O.. PY - 1997/11/4. Y1 - 1997/11/4. N2 - Background: At physiological concentrations, 17β-estradiol selectively enhances endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation by an unknown mechanism in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results: To assess the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the vascular effects of estradiol, we measured coronary epicardial and microvascular responses to intracoronary acetylcholine (range, 3 to 300 μg/min for 2 minutes) before and after intracoronary estradiol 75 ng/min for 15 minutes in 20 estrogen-deficient women, 16 of whom had angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis. This testing was repeated after inhibition of NO synthesis with intracoronary N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) 64 μmol/min ...

A new study suggests drinking cows milk may increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, but an expert warns that the study is observational and the data should not be over-inflated.

Studies done in different ethnic groups indicate that postmenopausal women are more salt-sensitive than premenopausal women, suggesting that decreases in ovarian hormone levels and increased sensitivity to dietary sodium may be important factors in the genesis of postmenopausal hypertension.4-6 The DS and DR rat strains developed by Dahl have been useful as an animal model for the study of salt-sensitive hypertension. One of the defects characterized in this form of hypertension is a blunted pressure-natriuresis relation, so that a higher blood pressure is needed to achieve the same level of sodium excretion. Short-term studies performed by Otsuka et al25 demonstrated this antinatriuretic shift in the pressure-natriuresis relation in DS rats compared with DR rats. OVX further impaired the pressure-natriuresis response in DS but not DR rats. These investigators, however, did not study whether OVX fostered hypertension.. In the present study, we have shown that in salt-sensitive DS rats, despite a ...

Genetic factors are essential for the introduction of sarcopenia, a geriatric disorder seen as a low lean muscle mass. analyses uncovered the need for the gene in the rules of lean muscle mass. gene, rs10514346, can be an applicant BMD-related polymorphism. The association of rs10514346 with BMD was replicated within an evaluation of data through the Framingham Heart Research. Here, we record a large-scale association research for low lean muscle mass using Affymetrix 250K SNP arrays in an example of 269 unrelated postmenopausal Japanese ladies. The association of the SNP (rs12409277) situated in the 5-flanking area from the (PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous site containing proteins 16) gene was additional verified in another postmenopausal Japanese Nexavar ladies human Nexavar population comprised 1081 topics. Results We utilized the Affymetrix 250K SNP GeneChip (262 000 SNPs) to examine the hereditary association of SNPs with lean muscle mass adjusting with age group in 269 topics. The mean (SD) age ...

Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Womens Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. Writing Group for the Womens Health Initiative Investigators. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333. Available at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/288/3/321 ...

On June 4, 2011, research was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology conference regarding the use of the drug exemestane (Aromasin), an aromatase inhibitor, for use in healthy postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer.. The authors conclude that exemestane reduces the risk of breast cancer for postmenopausal women over the 3 years of follow up in the study. In the study side effects such as hot flashes, fatigue sweating, insomnia and arthralgia were more common in women on exemestane but didnt affect overall self reporting on quality of life. The study was led by Canadas NCIC Clinical Trials Group and financed in part by the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, which manufactures Aromasin.. Read on for BCActions opinion on this new study and pills for prevention in general.. Need robust definition of High Risk When exploring prophylactic treatment for breast cancer in healthy women, the bar needs to be especially high. By failing to adopt a rigorous ...

Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest known breast cancer risk factors. Estrogen and progestin therapy (EPT) has been associated with increases in MD. Dense breast tissue is characterized by increased stromal tissue and (to a lesser degree) increased numbers of breast epithelial cells. It is possible that genetic factors modify the association between EPT and MD, and that certain genetic variants are particularly important in determining MD in hormone users. We evaluated the association between MD and 340 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from about 30 candidate genes in hormone metabolism/growth factor pathways among women who participated in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in 2004. We assessed MD on 2,036 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 69 years using a computer-assisted method (Madena, University of Southern California) in a cross-sectional study. We used linear regression to determine the association between each SNP and MD, adjusting for potential

Postmenopausal women with periodontal disease were more likely to develop breast cancer than women who did not have the chronic inflammatory disease. A history of smoking significantly affected the womens risk.

Although widely used for its anti-estrogen properties tamoxifen has estrogen like effects on a number of tissues including bone and liver. Previous studies suggest a preservation of lumbar spine density in postmenopausal women but the effect on the hip had not been addressed. To determine whether tamoxifen prevents bone loss in the early postmenopausal period bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at presentation and 6 monthly thereafter for 1 year in a prospective controlled study. Also indices of bone turnover, serum osteocalcin and urinary hydroxyproline excretion, were assessed. Fifteen early postmenopausal women with Stage I or II breast cancer treated with tamoxifen and 21 normal postmenopausal women were studied. Sex hormone binding globulin and antithrombin III levels in serum were also measured as indices of the hepatic estrogenic activity. Tamoxifen (20 mg daily) prevented bone loss at the femoral neck and lumbar spine.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Colorectal tumor prevention by the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate is critically dependent on postmenopausal status. AU - Meijer, Bartolomeus J.. AU - Wielenga, Mattheus C.B.. AU - Hoyer, Patricia B.. AU - Amos-Landgraf, James M.. AU - Hakvoort, Theodorus B.M.. AU - Muncan, Vanesa. AU - Heijmans, Jarom. AU - van den Brink, Gijs R.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Meijer et al.. PY - 2018/7/17. Y1 - 2018/7/17. N2 - The large randomized placebo controlled trials of the Womens Health Initiative have shown that the combination of estrogen and progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) protects from colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. No effect was observed in women treated with estrogen alone. This suggests that progesterone, or more specifically the progestin MPA may have chemopreventive activity. The effect of MPA on colorectal carcinogenesis has been difficult to study in animal models. Most models are not affected by either depleting female hormones by ovariectomy or ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lipid metabolism, glycemic control, total body and central abdominal fat, blood pressure (BP), and arterial pulse wave velocity (APWV) in overweight postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a 12-month prospective study of 14 subjects (mean +/- SD age 57.5+/-5.6 years, BMI 29.5+/-4.8 kg/m2) randomized to 6 months of observation or HRT before crossover. HRT consisted of 2 months of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg daily, followed by 4 months CEE and medroxyprogesterone 5 mg daily. Measures included anthropometry, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, LDL particle size, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), sex hormone-binding globulin, resting energy expenditure (REE), total and central abdominal fat (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting BP, APWV (by applanation tonometry), physical activity, well-being, and sexual function

Studies conducted in Asian populations have suggested that high consumption of soy-based foods that are rich in isoflavone phytoestrogens is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. In the prospectively examined associations between the risk of postmenopausal invasive breast cancer and dietary intakes of four plant lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and matairesinol) and estimated exposure to two enterolignans (enterodiol and enterolactone), as measured with a self-administered diet history questionnaire, among 58,049 postmenopausal French women who were not taking soy isoflavone supplements, posted in PubMed, showed that hgh dietary intakes of plant lignans and high exposure to enterolignans were associated with reduced risks of ER- and PR-positive postmenopausal breast cancer in a Western population that does not consume a diet rich in soy ...

The hormone replacement therapy market forecast, trend analysis and competition tracking - global market insights, 2018-2028 report is an exclusive study revealing several facets of Hormone Replacement Therapy Market. The hormone replacement therapy market report includes forecast projections for a period of 10 years, form 2018 to 2028.. Request Free Sample Report - https://www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=S&rep_id=2224. The hormone replacement therapy market study also includes various aspects impacting the demand and sales of various hormone replacement therapy products worldwide along with a year-on-year growth assessment of hormone replacement therapy. Historical data on hormone replacement therapy adoption, current hormone replacement therapy scenario and future projections on hormone replacement therapy market are provided in the hormone replacement therapy market report.. Key findings of the hormone replacement therapy market study:. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Correlation between estrogens and serum adipocytokines in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. AU - Hong, Soon Cheol. AU - Yoo, Sang Wook. AU - Cho, Geum Joon. AU - Kim, Tak. AU - Hur, Jun Young. AU - Park, Yong Kyun. AU - Lee, Kyu Wan. AU - Kim, Sun Haeng. PY - 2007/9. Y1 - 2007/9. N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) and endogenous estrogen (estrone and estradiol) levels in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women. DESIGN: This study included 53 healthy premenopausal women, 45 healthy postmenopausal women, and 10 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome who were participating in general health examinations. A secondary analysis was performed on levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-α, estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2). RESULTS: After accounting for body mass index, TNF-α was significantly increased (1.5 ± 0.1 vs ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Better breast cancer survival for postmenopausal women who are less overweight and eat less fat. The Iowa womens health study. AU - Zhang, S.. AU - Folsom, A. R.. AU - Sellers, T. A.. AU - Kushi, L. H.. AU - Potter, J. D.. PY - 1995/7/15. Y1 - 1995/7/15. N2 - Background. The authors sought to determine whether prediagnosis obesity, body‐fat distribution, and dietary intake of fats, antioxidants, and fiber may be related to survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods. The mortality rates of 698 postmenopausal patients with unilateral breast cancer in a large cohort study were analyzed. Body‐mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and food‐frequency data were collected by questionnaire within 6 years before breast cancer was diagnosed. Results. Adjusted for age, women in the highest tertile of body mass index had a 1.9‐fold higher risk (95% confidence interval = 1.0‐3.7) of dying after breast cancer than those in the lowest tertile; adjusted for other prognostic ...

Resveratrol is a polyphenol naturally found in nuts, berries, and the skin of grapes, although in low concentrations. It possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with studies demonstrating its potential cardiovascular, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-aging benefits. Research has also shown significant benefits in several chronic inflammatory disorders.. According to a study published earlier this week in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, researchers investigated the effect of resveratrol supplementation on bone health in postmenopausal women. Resveratrol is also a phytoestrogen and animal studies have shown that it promotes osteoblastic formation similar to genistein. There have only been a few human studies investigating this; however, none of these studies were over six months in duration and none focused on postmenopausal women. This new study was a 24-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study that included 125 postmenopausal women ...

Source: https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Citation/2018/09000/Estrogen_alone_therapy_and_invasive_breast_cancer.6.aspx. HRT is commonly offered to postmenopausal women. Women who have not had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) are offered combined progesterone and estrogen replacement. Women who have had a hysterectomy are considered for estrogen replacement alone. It is understood that women who receive combined HRT are at increased risk for breast cancer compared to women who receive estrogen alone. However, it is unclear if the dose of estrogen in this second group impacts disease risk. This is important because many providers want to prescribe enough estrogen to alleviate menopausal symptoms (vaginal dryness, hot flashes, etc.) while keeping doses low enough to avoid other health complications.. This study evaluated women within the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study, a project that followed postmenopausal women over time regarding their health issues. Over ...

TUESDAY, Oct. 6, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Hormone replacement therapy may be good for a womans kidneys, a preliminary study suggests.. The risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women are still an area of active debate, and the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the kidney has shown variable results, said study author Dr. Andrea Kattah of the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota.. Her study compared nearly 700 older women taking hormone replacements with more than 1,500 who were not.. Rates of two indicators of kidney disease -- microalbuminuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate -- were much lower in the women taking hormone replacements, the study found.. Microalbuminuria occurs with higher-than-normal levels of a protein called albumin in urine that could be a sign of kidney damage.. After they adjusted for known kidney and heart disease risk factors, the researchers found that hormone replacement was still strongly associated with lower rates of ...

Published on: March 2, 2012. by Dr Ananya Mandal, MD for News Medical:. A new study finds that older women who take in substantial amount of trans fats are more likely than their counterparts to suffer an ischemic stroke.. However, the risk of stroke associated with trans fat intake was lower among women taking aspirin, according to the findings from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers. The report, Trans Fat Intake, Aspirin and Ischemic Stroke Among Postmenopausal Women, was published today online in the journal Annals of Neurology.. Researchers from the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health studied women who were enrolled in the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study. From 1994 to 2005, 1,049 new cases of ischemic stroke were documented.. The researchers looked at 87,025 generally healthy postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 found that those whose diets contained the largest amounts of trans fats were 39 percent more likely to have an ischemic stroke (clots in ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy, safety, and lowest practical dose of a transdermal estradiol gel in the treatment of symptomatic postmenopausal women.. METHODS: Healthy postmenopausal women with seven or more moderate to severe hot flushes per day or 50 to 60 or more per week were randomized to transdermal gel containing 1.5 mg (n = 73) or 0.75 mg (n = 75) estradiol (EstroGel 0.06%) or placebo (n = 73) in a phase 3 study, or to 0.375 mg (n = 119) or 0.27 mg (n = 118) estradiol (0.03% gel) or placebo (n = 114) in a phase 4 study.. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate to severe hot flushes and severity of all hot flushes significantly decreased versus placebo at weeks 4 and 12 with 1.5, 0.75, and 0.375 mg estradiol. Overall participant responder rates were generally lower in the phase 4 study than those in the phase 3 study with the approved 0.75-mg estradiol dose. Vaginal maturation index (VMI) shifts from baseline to week 12 were significant (P , 0.001) with 0.75 ...

Substantial evidence suggests that the estrogen status has significant impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.23 24 In particular, ERT lowers cardiovascular mortality and improves vascular reactivity in postmenopausal women.23 24 25 26 The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood.27 Activation of the renin-angiotensin system, or high renin levels, on the other hand, has been implicated to be an adverse factor in vascular and cardiac pathophysiology.14 In the present study, several lines of evidence suggest that the estrogen status affects the level of renin in the circulation. First, women replacing estrogen during menopause presented with significantly lower renin levels than those not using such therapy; second, women with premenopausal circulating estradiol levels displayed renin levels that were lower than found in women with postmenopausal estradiol levels; third, these differences were evident also in women using ACE inhibitors (despite feedback activation of renin by ...

Background: Vitamin D is a pro-hormone that plays an essential role in the vasculature and in kidney function. Aims: To review the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D on blood pressure, endothelial and renal function with emphasis on recent findings in postmenopausal women. Methods: Included in this review was a PubMed database search for English language articles through March 2013. This review discussed the physiology and definition of vitamin D deficiency, the recent evidence for the role vitamin D in blood pressure, vascular and renal function. Results: Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that vitamin D plays an important role in the vasculature and in kidney function. Low vitamin D concentrations appear to significantly associate with hypertension, endothelial and renal dysfunction. However, the results of clinical trials have generally been mixed. Studies specifically conducted among postmenopausal women are limited and findings are still inconsistent. Conclusions: Definitive studies are

To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to examine the consequence of intentional weight loss and weight loss maintenance on a panel of sex hormones in AA women and also compare the effects with those for non-AA women. In our study of overweight and obese postmenopausal women, intentional weight loss significantly reduced serum concentrations of estrone, estradiol, free estradiol and free testosterone, and increased SHBG, but had no effect on total testosterone and other androgen concentrations. The effect of weight loss differed by race, with AA women experiencing less change in estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, and SHBG per kilogram change than non-AA women. In addition, AA women had higher estrogen and testosterone concentrations, independent of adiposity. Sustaining the weight loss for the subsequent 12 months did not substantially change sex hormone concentrations except for slight increases in SHBG. For those who continued to lose weight during the weight maintenance phase, ...

article{d2947f44-dfb5-4a12-914b-fc2ae6c9f261, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the modification of lipid and lipoprotein by use of low doses of continuous-combined formulations of 17beta-estradiol (E-2) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) in healthy postmenopausal women. Design: The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 120 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to one of three treatment arms: (1) placebo group (n = 40); (2) E-2/NETA 0.25-mg group-subjects receiving oral continuous-combined E-2 1 mg and NETA 0.25 mg (n = 40); (3) E2/NETA 0.5-mg group-women who were treated with E-2 1 mg and NETA 0.5 mg (n = 40). The duration of study was 12 months. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B were determined on four occasions (i.e., baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month ...

The findings show that long-term hormone treatment, shown to have adverse effects in older postmenopausal women, may be unnecessary for cognitive benefit. The ideal length of treatment will be decided in further studies.. My focus the past 10 years has been studying the effects of how estrogen affects the cholinergic system in the brain, the system that deteriorates in Alzheimers disease, Newhouse said. Estrogen enhances that system.. Our findings suggest the brain remains responsive to estrogen treatment even after menopause, and that this responsiveness or plasticity is important for preserving cognitive functioning, especially in the early postmenopausal period, he said. Short term estrogen treatment in normal postmenopausal women is sufficient to increase gray matter in the brain.. Newhouse said when estrogen levels decline after menopause, the brain has to adapt. Its been seeing estrogen for decades and it has enormous effects on brain development, growth and ...

Background: There is conflicting information on the effects of oestrogen on the heart in women, especially those using postmenopausal hormone therapy. Whilst some studies reported a beneficial effect, others showed adverse outcomes. The interplay of lifestyle factors and type/timing of therapy remains to be clarified.. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lifestyle and hormone therapy on heart function and structure in postmenopausal women.. Method: As part of a large longitudinal study of women randomly recruited from an urban population, the study assessed 410 suitable women by echocardiography in Year 1 and Year 5 of the study by two independent cardiologists.. Results: In lifestyle characteristics, the difference in age and body mass (as markers of cardiovascular risk) was in favour of never-users versus hormone therapy-users. Using an arbitrary cut-off ≥15% change for an effect, we found lifestyle factors had minimal effect on the two measured parameters - ejection ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. AU - Arslan, Alan A.. AU - Koenig, Karen L.. AU - Lenner, Per. AU - Afanasyeva, Yelena. AU - Shore, Roy E.. AU - Chen, Yu. AU - Lundin, Eva. AU - Toniolo, Paolo. AU - Hallmans, Göran. AU - Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Background: It has been hypothesized that predominance of the 2-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism pathway over the 16a-hydroxylation pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Methods: We examined the associations of invasive breast cancer risk with circulating 2-hydroxyestrone (2- OHE1), 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE1), and the 2-OHE1:16a-OHE1 ratio in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within two prospective cohorts: the New York University Womens Health Study (NYUWHS) and the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort (NSMSC), with adjustment for circulating levels of estrone, and additional analyses by tumor estrogen ...

Although endurance exercise and supplemental estrogen have both been shown to improve serum lipid cardiac risk profiles in postmenopausal women, data regarding a possible synergistic influence are scarce and inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such a synergistic influence could be demonstrated. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) were obtained from postmenopausal women (N = 45) in each of 4 groups: currently exercising and taking estrogen replacement, exercising and not taking estrogen, sedentary and taking estrogen, and sedentary and not taking estrogen. HDL-C was on average 21% higher (p , .05) and the HDL-C:LDL-C ratio on average 45% higher (p , .05) in the exercise-plus-estrogen group than in any of the other 3 groups. It was concluded that the combination of endurance exercise and estrogen replacement might be associated with better lipid coronary risk profiles in postmenopausal ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Vascular effects of estrogen in type II diabetic postmenopausal women. AU - Koh, Kwang Kon. AU - Kang, Moon Ho. AU - Jin, Dong Kyu. AU - Lee, Seon Kyu. AU - Ahn, Jeong Yeal. AU - Hwang, Hee Young. AU - Yang, Seong Hee. AU - Kim, Dae Sung. AU - Ahn, Tae Hoon. AU - Shin, Eak Kyun. PY - 2001/11/1. Y1 - 2001/11/1. N2 - OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effects of estrogen on vascular dilatory and other homeostatic functions potentially affected by nitric oxide (NO)-potentiating properties in type II diabetic post-menopausal women. BACKGROUND: There is a higher cardiovascular risk in diabetic women than in nondiabetic women. This would suggest that women with diabetes do not have the cardioprotection associated with estrogen. METHODS: We administered placebo or conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 mg/day for 8 weeks, to 20 type II diabetic postmenopausal women in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, estrogen tended to lower ...

Main / Allergy Wristbands / Estradiol diabetes The association between risk of type 2 diabetes and postmenopausal estrogen use is not clear. Three longitudinal studies have shown no increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with postmenopausal estrogen use (9,12,13), although one study (9) reported a nonsignificant trend, with never users having the lowest risk. OBJECTIVE-Various observational and randomized studies have demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women who received estrogen orally. No studies have been performed on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women treated with transdermal β-estradiol.. Cross-sectional divorces have suggested an association between the maximum female hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2), and the morning of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in postmenopausal women (1,2). Even prospective honors have estradiol diabetes that among postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy, higher circulating vela of estradiol diabetes ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of increased physical activities of daily living on postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations in postmenopausal women. AU - Edamoto, Kanako. AU - Jung, Hyun Hun. AU - Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro. AU - Yanaoka, Takuma. AU - Kashiwabara, Kyoko. AU - Takahashi, Masaki. AU - Miyashita, Masashi. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Limited evidence was available to support the effect of self-selected activities performed under free-living conditions on postprandial lipaemia, particularly for older adults. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the chronic effect of increased physical activity of daily living on postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) in postmenopausal women. Twentyeight postmenopausal women, aged 71 ± 4 years (mean ± SD), were randomly divided into two groups: active (n=14) and control (n=14) groups. The participants in the active group were asked to increase their activities above their usual lifestyle levels for 4 weeks; freely deciding the duration and intensity of ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Associations of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer with excess adiposity are reasonably well characterized; however, uncertainty remains regarding the association of body mass index (BMI) with hormone-receptor negative malignancies, and possible interactions by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. METHODS: Within the European EPIC cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used to describe the relationship of BMI, waist and hip circumferences with risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-progesterone receptor (PR)- (n=1,021) and ER+PR+ (n=3,586) breast tumors within five-year age bands. Among postmenopausal women, the joint effects of BMI and HRT use were analyzed. RESULTS: For risk of ER-PR- tumors, there was no association of BMI across the age bands. However, when analyses were restricted to postmenopausal HRT never users, a positive risk association with BMI (3rd versus 1st tertile HR=1.47[1.01-2.15]) was observed. BMI was inversely associated with ER+PR+ tumors among women

Importance: Considerable efforts have been undertaken to relate single nutrients to bone health. To this point, results are inconsistent. Suboptimal single nutrient intake does not occur in isolation but rather reflects a poor diet quality.. Objective: To assess the association between adherence to a diet quality index constructed on the basis of dietary recommendations or existing healthy dietary patterns and fractures in postmenopausal women.. Design, Setting, and Participants: Post hoc analysis was conducted of longitudinal data from 40 clinical centers throughout the United States included in the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) observational study. Participants in the prospective cohort included 93 676 women who were eligible for the WHI if they were aged 50 to 79 years. Recruitment was conducted from October 1, 1993, to December 31, 1998, with the study ending August 29, 2014. The WHI food frequency questionnaire was used to derive nutrient and food intake at baseline. Diet quality and ...

The complex issues surrounding hormone replacement therapy have been escalating over the past decade. Initial results of the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) trial released in 20021 have served to further complicate the decisions made by prescibers and potential consumers of hormone therapy. The WHI report by Chlebowski et al provides specific details about breast cancer outcomes for the oestrogen plus progestogen and placebo groups. Similar results regarding hormone therapy and breast cancer have been reported in European studies.2,3. It was previously believed that the increased risk of breast cancer with hormone therapy was seen in women with longer term (,5 y) use. These recent results reveal unexpected findings of early development of invasive breast cancers with the use of oestrogen plus progestogen. Additionally, the use of combined hormone therapy resulted in higher rates of mammographic abnormalities, adding to the emotional and economic burden for both patients and providers.. Future ...

To the Editor,. Timing Hypothesis: Is it years since menopause or age at baseline?. Schierbeck et al 1 reported that initiation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) early after menopause significantly reduced risk of mortality, heart failure (HF) , or myocardial infarction (MI) without any apparent increase in risk of cancer , venous thromboembolism, or stroke when compared to no treatment. The results of this study require caution in the interpretation.. The Danish study relies on a Timing Hypothesis suggesting beneficial effects of HRT if initiated early after menopause. However, we believe that timing of HRT initiation has more relevance to the age of participants at baseline than to their years since menopause. Increased age is a well established cardiovascular risk factor. Analysis of HRT arm of WHI for cardiovascular events by age at baseline 2 supports this Age Hypothesis. Total number of CHD events in age groups 50-59 year, 60 - 69 year, and 70-79 year receiving HRT in WHI were 59, ...

The use of estrogen to supplement that which is no longer being produced by the body, and hormone therapy (HT), in which estrogen and progestin (a synthetic progesterone) are used in combination, have been the subject of great controversy over the years.. To learn more about womens health, and specifically hormone therapy, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) in 1991. The study consisted of clinical trials and an observational study, which together involved more than 161,808 generally healthy postmenopausal women.. The clinical trials were designed to test the effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy, diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements on heart disease, fractures, and breast and colorectal cancer.. The hormone trial had two studies: the estrogen-plus-progestin study of women with a uterus and the estrogen-alone study of women without a uterus. Women with a uterus were given ...

This study was supported by funds from Institut National du Cancer, the Fondation de France, and the Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique. The E3N cohort is financially supported by the Institut National du Cancer, the Mutuelle Générale de lEducation Nationale, the Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. Fournier declares no conflicts of interest.. Follow us: Cancer Research Catalyst http://blog.aacr.org; Twitter @AACR; and Facebook http://www.facebook.com/aacr.org. To interview Agnès Fournier, please contact her at [email protected] or +33-1-42-11-51-63. For all other inquiries, please contact Jeremy Moore at [email protected] or 215-446-7109. Visit our newsroom.. About the American Association for Cancer Research. Founded in 1907, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is the worlds oldest and largest professional organization dedicated to advancing cancer research and its mission to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Attenuation of endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction by 17 beta estradiol is not sustained during long-term therapy in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. AU - Jhund, P. S.. AU - Dawson, N.. AU - Davie, A. P.. AU - Sattar, N.. AU - Norrie, John David. AU - OKane, K. P. J.. AU - McMurray, J. J. V.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the long-term effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the response to endothelin-1 (ET-1) in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease.BACKGROUND It is thought that the vasoconstrictor ET-1 is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Estrogen replacement may slow the development of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.METHODS Nineteen of 20 postmenopausal women randomized to either three months of 2 mg oral estradiol or placebo completed the double-blind placebo-controlled protocol. Change in forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to a 60 min brachial arterial ...

According to a new study accepted for publication in the Endocrine Societys Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, postmenopausal HIV-infected women have a high prevalence of low bone mineral density and high bone turnover placing them at high risk for future bone fractures.

Almost all studies assessing the paracrine mediation of estrogen action have been made in rodents or use human bone cell lines or primary cultures of cells from orthopedic samples in vitro. Thus far, estrogen-regulation of bone marrow cytokines has not been studied directly in humans despite evidence that estrogen action on bone may differ substantially in humans and mice. For example, ERα knockout mice have short limbs and mild osteopenia (31), whereas a young adult male with homozygous null mutations of ERα had elongated limbs and a greater degree of osteopenia (32). Another, and possibly more relevant, example is that IL-6 consistently upregulates RANKL in murine cells in vitro (33), but fails to do so in human cells (34).. Our major objective was to determine whether expression of RANKL by bone marrow cells contributes to the increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. Thus, in estrogen-deficient and estrogen-replete women, we obtained bone marrow mononuclear cells, used ...

Led by James Gangwisch of the Department of Psychiatry at Columbia University Medical Center, the study looked at the dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, types of carbohydrates consumed and depression in data from more than 70,000 postmenopausal women who participated in the National Institutes of Healths Womens Health Initiative Observational Study between 1994 and 1998.. Consumption of carbohydrates increases blood sugar levels to varying degrees, depending on the type of food ingested. The more highly refined the carbohydrate, the higher its score on the glycemic index (GI) scale. The GI scale, which goes from 0-100, measures the amount of sugar found in the blood after eating. Refined foods such as white bread, white rice, and soda trigger a hormonal response in the body to reduce blood sugar levels. This response may also cause or exacerbate mood changes, fatigue and other symptoms of depression.. The investigators found that progressively higher dietary GI scores and consumption of ...

Hypothesis and Objectives: The state of chronic Inflammation associated with asthma may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. This study evaluated prospectively the association between history of asthma and CVD in a cohort of postmenopausal women.. Methods: Study participants are postmenopausal women (n= 90,168) who are free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, evaluated from 1993-1998. We used self-report of physician diagnosed asthma to define the exposure. Information on treatment for asthma in addition to CVD risk factors were collected. The association between asthma and the incidence of CVD and coronary heart disease (CHD) was evaluated using cox proportional hazards models.. Results: Among 90,168 women in the study sample, 6,921 (7.68%) reported asthma at baseline. Baseline characteristics were similar between the asthma and no asthma groups although asthmatics were more obese (36% vs 27%; p,0.0001) and had higher hypertension rates (38% vs 31%; ...

Did you know there are three phases of menopause: perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause? Learn more about your menopause journey from start to finish.

METHODS: In a 12-week prospective, randomized, cross-over trial, oestradiol was administered orally in a dose of 2 mg daily or transdermally in an equivalent dose of 0.05 mg daily. Forty-five healthy early postmenopausal women were included into the study within 12 weeks after the hysterectomy and ovariectomy (surgical castration). Forty-one women completed the study and their data were analyzed. The average age was of 49+/- 6 years ...

New analyses from the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) confirm that combination hormone therapy increases the risk of heart disease in healthy postmenopausal women. Researchers report a trend toward an increased risk of heart disease during the first two years of hormone therapy among women who began therapy within 10 years of menopause, and a more marked elevation of risk among women who began hormone therapy more than 10 years after menopause. Analyses indicate that overall a womans risk of heart disease more than doubles within the first two years of taking combination HT.. The difference in the initial level of risk does not appear related to age, based on findings that the increased risk of heart disease was similar between women in their 50s on combination hormone therapy and women in their 60s.. Today, most women who take hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms begin therapy shortly after menopause. Based on todays report, even these women appear to be at increased risk of heart disease ...

Cavalcanti, Alexandre B.; Berwanger, Otavio; Suzumura, Erica A.; Amato, Marcelo B. P.; Tallo, Fernando S.; Rezende, Ederlon A. C.; Telles, Jose M. M.; Romano, Edson; Guimaraes, Helio P.; Regenga, Marisa M.; Takahashi, Luzia N.; Teixeira, Cassiano; Oliveira, Roselaine P.; Carvalho, Vitor O.; Diaz-Quijano, Fredi A.; Carvalho, Carlos R. R.; Kodama, Alessandra A.; Ribeiro, Gisele F. M.; Abreu, Matheus O.; Oliveira, Ivonaldo M.; Guyatt, Gordon; Ferguson, Niall; Walter, Stephen; Vasconcelos, Marcia O. M.; Segundo, Valerio J.; Ferraz, Iris L.; Silva, Rosicley S.; Oliveira Filho, Wilson de; Silva, Nelson B.; Heirel, Debora C. B.; Takatani, Rodrigo R.; Sousa Neto, Jefferson A.; Neto, Jeronimo C. B.; Almeida, Samara D.; Chamy, Gauco; Goncalves Neto, Graciliano J. L.; Dias, Alysson P.; Silva, Rozangela R.; Tavares, Roberta C.; Souza, Marcia L. V. D.; Decio, Janaina C.; Lima, Cyntia M. L. S.; Ferreira Neto, Fleury; Oliveira, Katia R.; Dias, Polyana P. L. C.; Brandao, Andre L. S. B.; Ramos, Joroastro E.; ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A standardized exercise intervention differentially affects premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women. AU - Kretzschmar, Jan. AU - Babbitt, Dianne M.. AU - Diaz, Keith M.. AU - Feairheller, Deborah L.. AU - Sturgeon, Kathleen M.. AU - Perkins, Amanda M.. AU - Veerabhadrappa, Praveen. AU - Williamson, Sheara T.. AU - Ling, Chenyi. AU - Lee, Hojun. AU - Grimm, Heather. AU - Thakkar, Sunny R.. AU - Crabbe, Deborah L.. AU - Kashem, Mohammed A.. AU - Brown, Michael D.. PY - 2014/6. Y1 - 2014/6. N2 - OBJECTIVE: African-American women represent an understudied population in menopause research yet face greater postmenopausal challenges associated with mortality than their white peers. We investigated the effects of a mild-intensity aerobic exercise training program on markers of mortality risk in both premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women. METHODS: Sixteen premenopausal women and 19 postmenopausal women underwent 6 months of mild-intensity aerobic exercise ...

Purpose: There is strong epidemiological evidence which indicates that estrogens may not be the sole steroid drivers of breast cancer. We hypothesize that abundant adrenal androgenic steroid precursors, acting via the androgen receptor (AR), promote an endocrine resistant breast cancer phenotype. Experimental design: AR was evaluated in a primary breast cancer tissue-microarray (n=844). Androstenedione (4AD) levels were evaluated in serum samples (n=42) from hormone receptor positive, post-menopausal breast cancer. Levels of androgens, progesterone and estradiol were quantified using LC-MS/MS in serum from age and grade-matched recurrent and non-recurrent patients (n=6) pre- and post-aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy (,12 months). Androgen and estrogen receptor signaling pathways activities were analyzed in two independent AI treated cohorts. Results: AR protein expression was associated with favorable progression-free survival in the total population (Wilcoxon, p,0.001). Breast cancer patients ...