WASHINGTON, D.C. - Reported mid-life increase in body mass index (BMI) may lead to substantially higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, according to results of a prospective cohort study presented at the American Association for Cancer Research 101st Annual Meeting 2010, held here, April 17-21.. In previous studies, excess weight has been linked with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Scientists have speculated that in postmenopausal women, estrogen produced in adipose tissue, or body fat, may promote breast cell proliferation. Relatively few studies have looked specifically at increase in BMI and its timing in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer risk, which this study investigated.. The researchers analyzed information from 72,007 women in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort, who were 55 to 74 years old at study entry. The analysis included 3,677 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer, which makes this one of the larger studies of its ...

The Womens Health Initiative (WHI) is a large and complex clinical investigation of strategies for the prevention and control of some of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among postmenopausal women, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporotic fractures. The WHI was in …

Todays women will live more than a third of their lives after menopause, i.e. with a changed hormonal and metabolic state. Vasomotor symptoms like hot flushes and sweating are reported by about 75% of all women around menopause and may impair well-being, mental state, daily activities and night sleep. Vasomotor symptoms are less prevalent in women who participate in regular physical exercise. It is, however, still uncertain if physical exercise reduces vasomotor symptoms.. The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to establish possible beneficial health effects from 15 weeks of supervised resistance training (RT) on postmenopausal women. End-points include effects from RT in postmenopausal women on. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Insulin, physical activity, and caloric intake in postmenopausal women. T2 - Breast cancer implications. AU - Chlebowski, Rowan T.. AU - Pettinger, Mary. AU - Stefanick, Marcia L.. AU - Howard, Barbara V.. AU - Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin. AU - McTiernan, Anne. PY - 2004/12/1. Y1 - 2004/12/1. N2 - Purpose: Increased physical activity and programs to reduce body mass index (BMI) with both increased physical activity and decreased caloric intake have been proposed to reduce insulin as a potential mediator of breast cancer and other chronic diseases. However, there are few data on the relative contribution of physical activity, caloric intake, and BMI to fasting insulin levels. Materials and Methods: An ethnically diverse subsample of 2,996 mostly healthy postmenopausal women with no prior cancer history was randomly identified from the 161,809 participants in the Womens Health Initiative clinical trials and observational study. Information was collected on diet, recreational physical ...

This is to date the only study that we are aware of investigating the association of change in SS and breast cancer risk. Our data suggests that a unit increase in UK SS (eg, 12-14) every 10 years between the 20s and postmenopausal age increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by 33%. We estimated an increase in 5-year absolute risk of postmenopausal breast cancer from 1 in 61 to 1 in 51 with each unit increase in SS per 10 years. Reductions in SS decreased the risk of breast cancer (figure 2) though it should be noted that for 76% of the women in this study, SS increased over their adult lifetime. These findings may provide women with a simple and easy to understand message given that SS has been found to be a reliable measure for changes in waist circumference and one that women may relate and understand better in comparison to other adiposity measures such as BMI.5. The major strengths of this study are its prospective cohort design, sample size, comprehensive follow-up through ...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Compare the effect of lower and intermittent doses of letrozole to standard letrozole therapy on estrogen suppression in postmenopausal women at high risk for developing breast cancer.. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Comparison of the effect of lower and intermittent doses of letrozole to standard therapy on signs and symptoms of estrogen deficiency, including menopausal symptoms, serum lipid profile, and serum marker of bone turnover.. II. Comparison of the effect of lower and intermittent doses of letrozole to standard therapy on nuclear chromatin abnormality of breast epithelial cells collected by random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA).. TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Determine the prevalence of breast cancer stem cells in the fine needle breast aspirates and explore the potential intervention effect on the prevalence of breast cancer stem cells.. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms.. ARM I: Patients receive 2.5 mg of letrozole orally (PO) thrice ...

In this prospective cohort study of Korean postmenopausal women, it is of interest to note that BMI was an independent predictor of mortality for total stroke, particularly for hemorrhagic stroke. The association for death due to the total and hemorrhagic stroke mortality was stronger among women who experienced early menopause but not among those who experienced late menopause. Meanwhile, among total postmenopausal women, BMI was not associated with ischemic stroke mortality, whereas among smoking postmenopausal women, the obese women (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2) had a significantly high risk of ischemic stroke mortality (adjusted HR, 7.21) in our data.. Although being overweight, particularly obesity, is known to be a risk factor for the incidence or death of cardiovascular disease,16 study results on the relationship between obesity and stroke mortality in Asian populations are not always consistent.3,4,17⇓⇓ Some studies have also noted a substantially increased risk of total and ischemic strokes ...

Evidence continues to mount regarding the health impact of trans fats in ones diet. According to a large new study, trans fats increase the risk of ischemic strokes in postmenopausal women. In addition, the report noted that the risk could be decreased with aspirin (An ischemic stroke is one due to a blockage of an artery, which results in lack of blood supply to a portion of the brain.) The study was published online on March 1 in the Annals of Neurology.. The researchers derived their data from 87,025 generally healthy postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years who were enrolled in the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study from 1994 through 1998. The investigators assessed the womens diets via a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. The women were queried regarding their frequency of intake of fats in meat and dairy products, fats used in cooking, added fats, and reduced-fat foods during the previous three months. The women were evaluated at enrollment and at a follow-up ...

A high level of recent, but not historical, physical activity of moderate-to-vigorous intensity is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk. More precise recall of recent physical activity than activity in the distant past is one possible explanation for our findings.

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate self-reported cognitive functioning of postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and during endocrine treatment compared with healthy female controls, and to investigate associations between self-reported cognitive functioning, cognitive test perform

Results: Pre- and post-menopausal women had a median age of 35 (31 to 42) and 57 (52 to 68); body mass index 25 (24 to 28) and 27 (23 to 29), CrCl 86 (58 to 112) and 76 (65 to 104) mL/min, respectively. We enrolled 10 African American and 2 white pre-menopausal women; and 5 African American and 1 Hispanic post-menopausal women. After first dose, blood plasma exposure was similar, but genital tract exposure was increased in post-menopausal women resulting in an increased genital tract : blood plasma ratio. At steady state, post-menopausal women had greater exposure in both blood plasma (p = 0.02) and genital tract (p = 0.01), resulting in similar genital tract : blood plasma ratios. C24h was greater in blood plasma (p = 0.04) and genital tract (p = 0.01) in post-menopausal women at steady state. In post-menopausal women, blood plasma AUC and blood plasma C24h exceed standard pharmacokinetic parameters by 160% and 125%, respectively. ...

Results from a Phase III clinical trial have shown that combining two existing cancer drugs to treat post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer resistant to hormonal therapy significantly improves outcome. The BOLERO 2 trial showed that women treated with a combination of everolimus and exemestane had an improved progression-free survival of nearly seven months compared to women who were treated only with exemestane. This research will be presented on Sept. 26 at the 2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress.

A look at the following clinical trial: Anastrozole in Preventing Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Alcohol consumption and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in a cohort of postmenopausal women. AU - Kabat, Geoffrey C.. AU - Kim, Mimi. AU - Shikany, James M.. AU - Rodgers, Allison K.. AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean. AU - Lane, Dorothy. AU - Powell, Lynda. AU - Stefanick, Marcia L.. AU - Freiberg, Matthew S.. AU - Kazlauskaite, Rasa. AU - Chlebowski, Rowan T.. AU - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia. AU - Rohan, Thomas E.. PY - 2010/8/1. Y1 - 2010/8/1. N2 - Background: Observational studies have commonly linked higher alcohol consumption with a modest increase in invasive breast cancer risk, but cohort studies have not examined alcohol intake in relation to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods: The association between adulthood alcohol consumption assessed at baseline and subsequent DCIS risk was examined in a cohort of postmenopausal women participating in theWomens Health Initiative clinical trials, in which mammography was protocol-mandated. Alcohol intake was assessed ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion determined by homeostasis model assessment and risk of diabetes in a multiethnic cohort of women. T2 - The womens health initiative observational study. AU - Song, Yiqing. AU - Manson, Joann E.. AU - Tinker, Lesley. AU - Howard, Barbara V.. AU - Kuller, Lewis H.. AU - Nathan, Lauren. AU - Rifai, Nader. AU - Liu, Simin. PY - 2007/7/1. Y1 - 2007/7/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE - The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), based on plasma levels of fasting glucose and insulin, has been widely validated and applied for quantifying insulin resistance and β-cell function. However, prospective data regarding its relation to diabetes risk in ethnically diverse populations are limited. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Among 82,069 women who were aged 50-79 years, free of cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and participating in the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study, we conducted a nested case-control study to prospectively examine the relations of HOMA ...

The depletion of estrogen and progesterone in postmenopausal women is associated with increased risk for several disorders in the cardiovascular, skeletal and nervous system. To reduce this risk, hormone therapy containing estrogens and a synthetic progestagen has been used but with little success. For example, the Womens Health Initiative clinical trial showed that hormone therapy was associated with reduced incidence of hip fractures associated with osteoporosis but unexpectedly increased incidences of both stroke and dementia. The disparities between basic research studies that demonstrate neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone and recent clinical findings that report adverse neural effects of hormone therapy indicate the need for a more complete understanding of estrogens and progesterone interactions in brain and other tissues. One important issue that is not well understood is how neural effects of estrogens are affected by progestagens. Recent experimental evidence shows ...

The investigators are hypothesizing that decreasing estrogen levels will cause serum DKK1 to peak, then decrease gradually as estrogens reach a new lowe

Genome-wide association studies have identified several genomic regions that are associated with breast cancer risk, but these provide an explanation for only a small fraction of familial breast cancer aggregation. Genotype by environment interactions may contribute further to such explanation, and may help to refine the genomic regions of interest. We examined genotypes for 4,988 SNPs, selected from recent genome-wide studies, and four randomized hormonal and dietary interventions among 2,166 women who developed invasive breast cancer during the intervention phase of the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial (1993 to 2005), and one-to-one matched controls. These SNPs derive from 3,224 genomic regions having pairwise squared correlation (r2) between adjacent regions less than 0.2. Breast cancer and SNP associations were identified using a test statistic that combined evidence of overall association with evidence for SNPs by intervention interaction. The combined main effect and interaction

Context: Nutrition plays a vital role in the quality of life in postmenopausal women. Aim: The aim is to determine the dietary intake, physical activity, and assess the body mass index (BMI) among postmenopausal women. Settings and Design: A community‑based sample survey. Materials and Methods: The present study included 140 postmenopausal women (40-70 years) from Udupi, Manipal areas of Karnataka. The study was carried out between July and December 2013. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data included height, weight, waist, and hip circumference. Dietary intake was determined using 24 h dietary recall. Physical activity information was collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Paired t‑test was performed to determine the dietary adequacy. Results: Obesity was 42.1% among the study participants. Increased WHR and waist circumference were 82.1% and 77.1%. Mean daily intake of calcium and saturated fatty ...

Higher estradiol doses had significant benefits for cardiovascular risk factors in early postmenopausal women, but these effects were attenuated in late postmenopausal women.

Data from the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study show that higher than normal insulin levels are an independent risk factor for breast cancer.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Reproductive hormone exposure timing and ischemic heart disease. T2 - Complicated answers to a simple question. AU - Bairey Merz, C. Noel. AU - Shufelt, Chrisandra. AU - Johnson, B. Delia. AU - Azziz, Ricardo. AU - Braunstein, Glenn D.. PY - 2010/4/1. Y1 - 2010/4/1. N2 - The current literature, combined with improved methodology in the WISE study, suggests that there is a beneficial relation between HT use and IHD in peri- and early postmenopausal women. Our results are also consistent with recent clinical trials that have failed to show benefit of HT initiation in older postmenopausal women, either for angiographic coronary disease or cardiac events. Overall, our data suggest that the anti-atherosclerotic effect of HT, if present, may be age-dependent and primarily evident in relatively younger peri- and early postmenopausal women.. AB - The current literature, combined with improved methodology in the WISE study, suggests that there is a beneficial relation between HT use and ...

Aerobic exercise has both neuroprotective and neurorehabilitative benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and need to be investigated, especially in postmenopausal women, who are at increased risk of age-related disorders such as Alzheimers disease and stroke. To advance our understanding of the potential neurological benefits of aerobic exercise in aging women, we examined anatomical and functional responses that may differentiate women of varying cardiorespiratory fitness using neuroimaging and neurophysiology. A total of 35 healthy postmenopausal women were recruited (59 ± 3 years) and cardiorespiratory fitness estimated (22-70 mL/kg/min). Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) receptor function in the primary motor cortex (M1), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to quantify GABA and Glu concentrations in M1. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess mean cortical thickness (MCT) of

Evidence from observational studies has suggested the use of oestrogen alone, and oestrogen and progestin therapy (hormone replacement therapy, [HRT]) for postmenopausal women with CHD on the basis of a potential risk reduction in the order of 40% for recurrent events.1, 2. The HERS is the first large scale, randomised controlled trial in which the effects of HRT on CHD mortality and morbidity have been examined in postmenopausal women with established CHD. The findings of no difference in CHD mortality and non-fatal cardiac events, and increases in venous thrombosis among patients in the treated group have led to much discussion in the cardiovascular community.. Past observational studies may have been hampered by selection bias. For example, women who choose to use HRT may already be proactive in managing their health through other behaviours such as exercise and diet, and positive outcomes may have been confounded by this bias.. The increase in venous thrombosis in the treated group is an ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Factors associated with 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. AU - Robbins, John. AU - Aragaki, Aaron K.. AU - Kooperberg, Charles. AU - Watts, Nelson. AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean. AU - Jackson, Rebecca D.. AU - LeBoff, Meryl S.. AU - Lewis, Cora E.. AU - Chen, Zhao. AU - Stefanick, Marcia L.. AU - Cauley, Jane. PY - 2007/11/28. Y1 - 2007/11/28. N2 - Context: The 329 000 hip fractures that annually occur in the United States are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. Identification of those at high risk is a step toward prevention. Objective: To develop an algorithm to predict the 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 93 676 women who participated in the observational component of the Womens Health Initiative (WHI), a multiethnic longitudinal study, were used to develop a predictive algorithm based on commonly available clinical features. Selected factors that predicted hip fracture were ...

After undergoing 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy, 2 years of extended anastrozole proved as effective as 5 years for preventing breast cancer recurrence among postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer, according to the results of the ABCSG-16 phase III trial.

The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that exercise can lower levels of circulating estrogens and increase levels of SHBG in previously sedentary, overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The study had excellent retention and adherence, which decreases the chance of biased results and increases study power. The data indicate that loss of body fat in conjunction with exercise is needed to achieve these hormone changes but that exercise need not be of vigorous intensity. This is the first randomized clinical trial to test an exercise intervention on serum estrogens in postmenopausal women, and the results support our hypothesized mechanism that exercise could lower breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women by reducing body fat and ultimately circulating estrogen concentrations. Our observations of a 13.7 and 16.7% decrease in estradiol and free estradiol among exercisers who lost ,2% of body fat are likely to be clinically significant. In comparison, low-fat dietary trials (18-25% ...

Dr. Stefanicks research focuses on chronic disease prevention (particularly, heart disease, breast cancer, osteoporosis, and dementia) in both women and men. Her work on the effects of menopausal hormones on cardiovascular and other health outcomes in mostly healthy postmenopausal women (in the Womens Health Initiative, WHI), in women with established heart disease, (the Heart and Estrogen-progesterone Replacement Study, HERS), and in peri-menopausal and early post-menopausal women (the Postmenopausal Estrogen and Progesterone Interventions, PEPI) trials has been widely disseminated both nationally and internationally. She was also the principal investigator of two large diet trials focusing on the role of a low-fat eating pattern (including increased vegetables & fruits) on preventing breast cancer (WHI) and recurrence (Womens Healthy Eating and Living, WHEL, trial) and she conducted several medium-sized diet, exercise, and weight control trials focused on heart disease risk and body ...

Both obesity and inflammation have been shown to be related to several types of cancer, and this study shows that if reducing weight, can reduce inflammation as well.

Results from this study suggest that the reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with frequent episodes strenuous physical activity at 14-22 years of age may be greatest in women who were heaviest within the same time period or who, over the adult years, either lost weight or gained only modest amounts. Among women who were heaviest at age 18, risk of postmenopausal breast cancer was reduced by about 50% in those who exercised frequently.. More pronounced were results obtained from the model examining the joint effects of early-life physical activity and weight change between age 18 and 5 years before interview. Risk of postmenopausal breast cancer was reduced by about 80% among women who were active on a very frequent basis as young adults and who had lost weight between age 18 and 5 years before interview, independent of initial weight. However, given the small sample size of this subgroup, this estimate is unstable. Interestingly, among women with little lifetime weight gain ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Establishing reference intervals for hCG in postmenopausal women. AU - Patel, Khushbu K.. AU - Qavi, Abraham J.. AU - Hock, Karl G.. AU - Gronowski, Ann M.. PY - 2017/3/1. Y1 - 2017/3/1. N2 - Background Plasma concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been shown to increase with age due to pituitary secretion. We previously recommended that an hCG cutoff of 14.0 IU/L be used for women ≥ 55 years of age. However, it remains unknown whether concentrations , 14.0 IU/L can be expected in women with advanced age. Our objectives were to establish plasma hCG reference intervals and correlate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and hCG concentrations in postmenopausal females ≥ 55 years. Methods Residual plasma samples from 798 women ≥ 55 years were utilized with 303, 269, and 226 samples belonging to the age groups 55-69, 70-84, and ≥ 85 years, respectively. FSH and hCG were measured using the Abbott ARCHITECT. All positive hCG samples (hCG ≥ 5 IU/L) were ...

Studies have suggested that hormones may play a potential role in melanoma carcinogenesis. Is hormone replacement therapy associated with an increased risk of melanoma in post-menopausal women?Human Reproduction...

We examined the relation of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes and breast cancer risk in a population-based, case-control study of African-American and white women in North Carolina. GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes were not associated with breast cancer risk in African-American or white women, or among pre- or postmenopausal women. Two previous studies reported no overall association between GSTM1 genotype and breast cancer risk (19 , 20) . Helzlsouer et al. (9) and Charrier et al. (21) reported positive associations for the GSTM1 null genotype among postmenopausal but not premenopausal women, whereas Ambrosone et al. (22) reported a positive association for GSTM1 null genotype among younger postmenopausal women. In contrast, Garcia-Closas et al. (23) reported no association for GSTM1 null genotype in pre- or postmenopausal women. Helzlsouer et al. (9) reported no association for GSTT1 null genotype and breast cancer in pre- or postmenopausal women, whereas Garcia-Closas et al. (23) observed an ...

Find information about postmenopause and hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and synthetic hormone treatments.

Use words for any number that begins a sentence, title, subtitle, or heading. However, it may be better to reword the sentence so that it does not begin with a number.Three hundred twenty-eight men and 126 women were included in the study. Better: The study population comprised 328 men and 126 women. Participants: Seventy-two thousand three hundred thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 34 to 77 years. Better: Participants: A total of 72 337 postmenopausal women aged 34 to 77 years. Three patients were identified; 2 had hypertension and 1 had diabetes. Numerals may be used in sentences that begin

Women with the highest bone mass are at much greater risk of postmenopausal breast cancer than those with lower bone mass, according to the results of a long-term epidemiological study supported by the National Institutes of Health

Fat near heart in women can increase risk of heart attacks and other diseases in women. The threat of such disease increases even further during postmenopausal phase. Apart from heart disease, fat is also responsible for causing increase in cholesterol levels in women. Let us understand how fat near heart is a risk factor for postmenopausal women and how to reduce it.

Health,...Postmenopausal women without symptoms of cardiovascular problems who h...Resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities are independentl...Pablo Denes M.D. of the Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern Un...The sample analyzed included 14749 postmenopausal asymptomatic women ...,Both,minor,and,major,ECG,abnormalities,linked,with,increased,risk,of,cardiovascular,events,in,women,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news

Postmenopausal women who lose weight may have a significantly reduced chance of developing breast cancer, according to data presented at the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, held Dec. 5-9.

Postmenopausal women are often hesitant to discuss their sexual attitudes and experiences surrounding sexuality with her doctors. Sociocultural, ethnic, and medical background may affect the attitude towards menopause and the expectations regarding sexuality in these women. The aim of this study by researchers from Barcelona was to describe communication about sex between patients and doctors and its relation to extrinsic limiting factors. A total of 2,332 women between 45 and 64 years old were involved in this cross-sectional survey. The study used an ad hoc anonymous questionnaire covering the demographic and reproductive variables as well as the data related to sexual activity. The Cervantes questionnaire was administered by direct interview to determine the impact of sexuality on health-related quality of life ...

To assess the relation between urinary endogenous sex steroid levels and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, a nested case-cohort study was conducted within a large cohort (the DOM cohort) in the Netherlands (n=9,349). Until the end of follow-up (1 January 1996), 397 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were identified and a subcohort of 424 women was then taken from all eligible women. Women using hormones were excluded, leaving 364 breast cancer cases and 382 women in the subcohort for the analyses. Concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, testosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol and creatinine were measured in first morning urine samples, which had been stored since enrolment at -20 degrees C. A Cox proportional Hazards model was used, with Barlows adjustment for case-cohort sampling, to estimate breast cancer risk in quartiles of each of the, creatinine corrected, hormone levels, the lowest quartile being the reference group. Women with higher levels of all four of the hormones were

Looking for online definition of postmenopause in the Medical Dictionary? postmenopause explanation free. What is postmenopause? Meaning of postmenopause medical term. What does postmenopause mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Axial BMD, change in BMD and bone turnover do not predict breast cancer incidence in early postmenopausal women. AU - Stewart, Alison. AU - Kumar, A.. AU - Torgerson, D. J.. AU - Fraser, W. D.. AU - Gilbert, Fiona. AU - Reid, David M. PY - 2005/12. Y1 - 2005/12. N2 - Previous studies have indicated a relationship between bone mineral density and the incidence of breast cancer in middle-aged and elderly women, with women with higher BMD being at significant increased risk. We investigated whether there was such a relationship in younger women who were perimenopausal or in their early postmenopausal years. As part of a population-screening program for osteoporosis, 5,119 women aged between 45 and 54 years were scanned between 1990-1994 at the Osteoporosis Research Unit. In 1997-2001, 3,884 returned for follow-up scans and questionnaires, and 3,144 returned a postal questionnaire in 2002. All cases of incident breast cancer were noted. One hundred sixty-six women indicated that they ...

Complex ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not associated with ovarian cancer risk factors: preliminary data from the Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

A decrease in breast cancer cases is associated with a decreased number of postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy, a new study suggests.. Canadian researchers found that, after the therapys risks were made known in 2002, hormone use by women dropped from 12.7 percent to 4.9 percent between 2002 and 2004. Over the same period, there was a 10 percent decrease in breast cancer cases, according to the study.. The researchers estimated how many women used the hormone replacement therapies by asking 1,200 Canadian women ages 50 to 69 whether they used the therapy between 1996 and 2006.. Hormone replacement therapy was a standard treatment for women in menopause - the hormones lessen hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms. But in 2002, the U.S. Womens Health Initiative clinical trial found that the elevated risk of cancer and stroke associated with long-term use of the therapies did not outweigh the benefits of the therapies themselves.. The researchers also found mammography ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer in the ORDET cohort. T2 - A nested case-control study. AU - Agnoli, C.. AU - Berrino, F.. AU - Abagnato, C. A.. AU - Muti, P.. AU - Panico, S.. AU - Crosignani, P.. AU - Krogh, V.. PY - 2010/1. Y1 - 2010/1. N2 - Background and aims: The increase in breast cancer incidence over recent decades has been accompanied by an increase in the frequency of metabolic syndrome. Several studies suggest that breast cancer risk is associated with the components of metabolic syndrome (high serum glucose and triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure, and abdominal obesity), but no prospective study has investigated risk in relation to the presence of explicitly defined metabolic syndrome. We investigated associations between metabolic syndrome, its components, and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study on postmenopausal women of the ORDET cohort. Methods and results: After a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 163 women ...

URL: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/102/3/573/4564305. Journal: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Publication Date: 09/2015. Summary: Heart associations recommend limited intake of sat- urated fat. However, effects of saturated fat on low-density lipopro- tein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk might depend on nutrients and specific saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in food. We explored the effects of cheese and meat as sources of SFAs or isocaloric replacement with carbohydrates on blood lipids, lipoproteins, and fecal excretion of fat and bile acids. The study was a randomized, crossover, open-label in- tervention in 14 overweight postmenopausal women. Three full- diet periods of 2-wk duration were provided separated by 2-wk washout periods. The isocaloric diets were as follows: 1) a high- cheese (96-120-g) intervention [i.e., intervention containing cheese (CHEESE)], 2) a macronutrient-matched nondairy, high- meat control [i.e., nondairy control with ...

Postmenopause: Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on postmenopause at PatientsLikeMe. 84 patients with postmenopause experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and insomnia and use Buprenorphine patch, Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen, Hydroxyzine, Oxycodone-acetaminophen, and Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) to treat their postmenopause and its symptoms.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Are depressive symptoms associated with cancer screening and cancer stage at diagnosis among postmenopausal women? The womens health initiative observational cohort. AU - Aggarwal, Arpita. AU - Freund, Karen. AU - Sato, Alicia. AU - Adams-Campbell, Lucille L.. AU - Lopez, Ana Maria. AU - Lessin, Lawrence S.. AU - Ockene, Judith. AU - Wallace, Robert B.. AU - Williams, Carla D.. AU - Bonds, Denise E.. PY - 2008/10/1. Y1 - 2008/10/1. N2 - Background: Women with depressive symptoms may use preventive services less frequently and experience poorer health outcomes. We investigated the association of depressive symptoms with breast and colorectal cancer screening rates and stage of cancer among a cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods: In The Womens Health Initiative Observational Study, 93,676 women were followed on average for 7.6 years. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and at 3 years using the 6-item scale from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale ...

The USPSTF reviewed evidence from 10 trials that evaluated the effect of risk-reducing medications for breast cancer.3,4 Four trials (n = 28,193) evaluated tamoxifen in premenopausal and postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer13-15,52-60 (in 1 additional trial of low-dose tamoxifen in postmenopausal women not at increased risk for breast cancer,61 the low dose was not found to reduce risk of breast cancer and so was not considered further by the USPSTF); 2 trials (n = 17,806) evaluated raloxifene in postmenopausal women not at increased risk for breast cancer,62-78 1 trial (n = 19,747) directly compared raloxifene with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer (STAR trial79-81), and 2 trials evaluated aromatase inhibitors (examestane82,83 [n = 4560] and anastrozole84-86 [n = 3864]) in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. Each of the studies that targeted women at increased risk for breast cancer used different combinations of risk ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of treated diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women. T2 - The womens health initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. AU - Tinker, Lesley F.. AU - Bonds, Denise E.. AU - Margolis, Karen L.. AU - Manson, Jo Ann E.. AU - Howard, Barbara V.. AU - Larson, Joseph. AU - Perri, Michael G.. AU - Beresford, Shirley A.A.. AU - Robinson, Jennifer G.. AU - Rodríguez, Beatriz. AU - Safford, Monika M.. AU - Wenger, Nanette K.. AU - Stevens, Victor J.. AU - Parker, Linda M.. PY - 2008/7/28. Y1 - 2008/7/28. N2 - Background: Decreased fat intake with weight loss and increased exercise may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus in persons with impaired glucose tolerance. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at 40 US clinical centers from 1993 to 2005, including 48 835 ...

Women with benign proliferative breast disease (BPBD) are at increased risk for developing breast cancer. Evidence suggests that accumulation of adipose tissue can influence breast cancer development via hyperinsulinemia, increased estrogen, and/or inflammation. However, there are limited data investigating these pathways with respect to risk of BPBD. We evaluated serologic markers from these pathways in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within the Womens Health Initiative Clinical Trial. Cases were the 667 women who developed BPBD during follow-up, and they were matched to 1,321 controls. Levels of insulin, estradiol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin were measured in fasting serum collected at baseline. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs for the association of each factor with BPBD risk. Among nonusers of hormone therapy, fasting serum insulin was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of BPBD (OR for highest vs. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dietary intake, physical activity and body mass index among postmenopausal women. AU - Ranasinghe, Chaya. AU - Shettigar, Pallavi G.. AU - Garg, Meenakshi. PY - 2017/10/1. Y1 - 2017/10/1. N2 - Context: Nutrition plays a vital role in the quality of life in postmenopausal women. Aim: The aim is to determine the dietary intake, physical activity, and assess the body mass index (BMI) among postmenopausal women. Settings and Design: A community-based sample survey. Materials and Methods: The present study included 140 postmenopausal women (40-70 years) from Udupi, Manipal areas of Karnataka. The study was carried out between July and December 2013. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric data included height, weight, waist, and hip circumference. Dietary intake was determined using 24 h dietary recall. Physical activity information was collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Paired t-test was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Examination of the Effect of Nongenetic Risk Factors on the Familial Risk of Breast Cancer among Relatives of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients. AU - Chen, Ping Ling. AU - Sellers, Thomas A.. AU - Potter, John D.. AU - Folsom, Aaron R.. AU - Sellers, Thomas A.. AU - Rich, Stephen S.. AU - Rich, Stephen S.. PY - 1994/10/1. Y1 - 1994/10/1. N2 - Relatives of postmenopausal breast cancer patients have a greater risk of breast cancer than do women with no family history of the disease. However, no study has previously examined the contribution of other breast cancer risk factors to risk in these relatives, thus precluding the ability to discern between shared environment or genes as the cause of familial aggregation. We conducted a nested case-control study of 251 index case families and 234 index control families. Incident breast cancer cases occurring in 1988-1989 and cancer-free controls were selected from a prospective cohort study. A pedigree development form was mailed to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Twinship and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. AU - Cerhan, James R.. AU - Kushi, Lawrence H.. AU - Olson, Janet E.. AU - Rich, Stephen S.. AU - Zheng, Wei. AU - Folsom, Aaron R.. AU - Sellers, Thomas A.. PY - 2000/2/2. Y1 - 2000/2/2. N2 - Background: Intrauterine exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogens has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer. Because estrogens and other pregnancy hormones are substantially elevated in twin pregnancies, and possibly more so in dizygotic twin pregnancies, we evaluated the association between aspects of twin membership (i.e., belonging to a twin pair) and the risk of breast cancer. Methods: In a cohort of 29 197 postmenopausal Iowa women with no prior diagnosis of cancer (except for nonmelanoma skin cancer), breast cancer risk factors were determined by use of a mailed questionnaire in 1986 (baseline); twin membership, sex of the twin, and zygosity were determined by use of a follow-up questionnaire in 1992. Results: ...

Tager, F.A., McKinley, P.S., Schnabel, F.R. et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2011) 126: 271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-009-0684- ...

Kidney cancer incidence is increasing globally. Reasons for this rise are unclear but could relate to obesity and hypertension. We analyzed longitudinal relationships between hypertension and obesity and kidney cancer incidence in 156 774 participants of the Womens Health Initiative clinical trials and observational studies over 10.8 years. In addition, we examined the effect of blood pressure (BP) on kidney cancer deaths for over 25 years among the 353 340 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In the Womens Health Initiative, systolic BP (SBP) was categorized in 6 groups from ,120 to ,160 mm Hg, and body mass index was categorized using standard criteria. In age-adjusted analyses, kidney cancer risk increased across SBP categories (P value for trend ,0.0001) and body mass index categories (P value for trend ,0.0001). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, both SBP levels and body mass index were predictors of kidney cancer. In the MRFIT sample, there were ...

The Endocrine Society - SAN FRANCISCOâ€- Postmenopausal women had better improvement in verbal learning and memory after receiving treatment with testosterone gel, compared with women who received sham treatment with a placebo, a new study found. Results were presented Monday at The Endocrine Societys 95th Annual Meeting in San Francisco.. This is the first large, placebo-controlled study of the effects of testosterone on mental skills in postmenopausal women who are not on estrogen therapy, said principal investigator Susan Davis, MBBS (MD), PhD, of Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Our study has confirmed our similar findings from two smaller studies in postmenopausal women and suggests that testosterone therapy may protect women against cognitive decline after menopause.. Menopause has been linked with memory decline because of a decrease in levels of the protective hormone estrogen. Yet testosterone also is an important hormone in women because it has a role in sexual desire, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pre-menopausal and post-menopausal depressed women. AU - Roy, Alec. AU - Linnoila, Markku. AU - Jimerson, David C.. AU - Gold, Philip. AU - Pickar, David. PY - 1986. Y1 - 1986. N2 - In a consecutive series of 28 depressed women, pre-menopausal (n = 13) and post-menopausal (n = 15) patients were compared. Post-menopausal women had significantly higher levels of plasma norepinephrine, plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol, cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and corticotropin-releasing hormone. However, when biologic measures were adjusted for age by analyses of covariance there were no significant differences. Pre-menopausal women had had significantly more life events before the onset of depression than post-menopausal women. The implications of these findings are discussed.. AB - In a consecutive series of 28 depressed women, pre-menopausal (n = 13) and post-menopausal (n = 15) patients were compared. Post-menopausal women had ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Mitotically active leiomyoma of the uterus in a postmenopausal breast cancer patient receiving tamoxifen. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Background: The potential benefits of hormone therapy (HT) in treating depressed postmenopausal women are controversial, and data on depression (re)emergence in the context of HT discontinuation are lacking.. Objective: To determine whether HT is associated with a modified risk of new-onset depressive symptoms in elderly women.. Method: Current depressive symptomatology was evaluated in 4,069 community-dwelling postmenopausal women aged 65 years and over who were randomly recruited from 3 French cities between 1999 and 2001. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale at baseline and as part of the 2- and 4-year follow-up.. Results: Over the follow-up period, multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic variables, measures of physical health, and cognitive impairment failed to find a significant association between HT at baseline and the incidence of depressive symptoms. However further analysis indicated an ...

This study investigates whether the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with statin use among postmenopausal women participating in the Womens Health Initiative (WHI).. [swfobj src=http://www.asociaciondecardiologiadeelsalvador.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/statins.swf width=590px height=480px ...

Mathematical methods exist to determine the fractions of sex hormones bound to albumin, bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), or unbound, using total hormone concentration and SHBG concentration. We used data from eight prospective studies of postmenopausal women to assess the validity of these estimates for fractions of estradiol (E2) and to investigate the impact of using calculated values in breast cancer relative risk (RR) models. Comparisons were made between measured and calculated concentrations of free and non-SHBG-bound E2 in four studies. Relationships between the hormone fractions were investigated and a sensitivity analysis of the calculation performed. Breast cancer RRs were estimated using conditional logistic regression by quintiles of free E2. There is a high correlation (r | 0.91) between calculated and measured values of both free and non-SHBG-bound E2. The calculation is highly sensitive to total hormone concentration but is relatively insensitive to SHBG concentration. In

BACKGROUND: The impact of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) on non-cancer-related outcomes, which are known to be affected by oestrogens, has become increasingly important in postmenopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. So far, data related to the effect of AIs on lipid profile in postmenopausal women is scarce. This study, as a companion substudy of an EORTC phase II trial (10951), evaluated the impact of exemestane, a steroidal aromatase inactivator, on the lipid profile of postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The EORTC trial 10951 randomised 122 postmenopausal breast cancer patients to exemestane (E) 25 mg (n = 62) or tamoxifen (T) 20 mg (n = 60) once daily as a first-line treatment in the metastatic setting. Exemestane showed promising results in all the primary efficacy end points of the trial (response rate, clinical benefit rate and response duration), and it was well tolerated with low incidence of serious toxicity. As a secondary end point ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hot flashes in postmenopausal women treated for breast carcinoma. T2 - Prevalence, severity, correlates, management, and relation to quality of life. AU - Carpenter, Janet S.. AU - Andrykowski, Michael A.. AU - Cordova, Matthew. AU - Cunningham, Lauren. AU - Studts, Jamie. AU - McGrath, Patrick. AU - Kenady, Daniel. AU - Sloan, David. AU - Munn, Rita. PY - 1998/5/1. Y1 - 1998/5/1. N2 - BACKGROUND. Research on hot flashes (HFs) after the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma (BC) is scarce. To our knowledge, this research represents the second study of HF prevalence and severity in women with BC and the first study of 1) correlates of HF prevalence and severity, 2) use of HF management strategies, and 3) the relation between HFs and quality of life (QOL) among women with BC. METHODS. Eligible women (n = 136) participated in structured telephone interviews. RESULTS. Of the 114 postmenopausal women interviewed, 65% reported HFs, with 59% of women with HFs (n = 74) rating the ...

Aim: To examine the association between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 177 postmenopausal women participated in a cross-sectional study. They were interviewed to collect anthropometric and demographic characteristics. BMD was measured and biochemical parameters were estimated in fasting blood samples. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the association between individual components of MetS and BMD. Results: Among 177 postmenopausal women, 116 (66%) had MetS. Women with MetS had significantly higher mean values of BMD and T scores at the total hip (P Conclusions: Body weight and osteocalcin were more strongly associated with bone mass than any other component of MetS in postmenopausal women. However, further studies seem to be needed to confirm their observation.

My research is mainly focused on the effects of cholesterol, saturated fat and statin drugs on health. If you know anyone who is worried about their cholesterol levels and heart disease, or has been told to take statin drugs you could send them a link to this website, and to my statin or cholesterol or heart disease books ...

Multiple epidemiologic and animal studies have established the link between obesity and increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. Because obesity is referred to as the epidemic of the 21st century with around 36% of the adult United States women defined as obese and another one third as overweight (1), this disease has a dramatic effect on quality of life as well as on life expectancy in the United States. The estimated increased risk for breast cancer is around 1.3- to 2-fold for obese postmenopausal women as compared with normal-weight postmenopausal women (2, 3). Several mechanisms have been proposed as being responsible for this increased risk for breast cancer. Among those, a well-studied mechanism is altered estrogen biosynthesis, mainly involving increased aromatase expression (4). Aromatase catalyzes the last steps of estrogen biosynthesis from androgens. Estrogen executes its effect mostly by binding to estrogen receptors (ER). Nuclear ERs function as transcription factors and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of nitric oxide in coronary vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women. AU - Guetta, Victor. AU - Quyyumi, Arshed A.. AU - Prasad, Abhiram. AU - Panza, Julio A.. AU - Waclawiw, Myron. AU - Cannon, Richard O.. PY - 1997/11/4. Y1 - 1997/11/4. N2 - Background: At physiological concentrations, 17β-estradiol selectively enhances endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation by an unknown mechanism in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results: To assess the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the vascular effects of estradiol, we measured coronary epicardial and microvascular responses to intracoronary acetylcholine (range, 3 to 300 μg/min for 2 minutes) before and after intracoronary estradiol 75 ng/min for 15 minutes in 20 estrogen-deficient women, 16 of whom had angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis. This testing was repeated after inhibition of NO synthesis with intracoronary N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) 64 μmol/min ...

A new study suggests drinking cows milk may increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, but an expert warns that the study is observational and the data should not be over-inflated.

Studies done in different ethnic groups indicate that postmenopausal women are more salt-sensitive than premenopausal women, suggesting that decreases in ovarian hormone levels and increased sensitivity to dietary sodium may be important factors in the genesis of postmenopausal hypertension.4-6 The DS and DR rat strains developed by Dahl have been useful as an animal model for the study of salt-sensitive hypertension. One of the defects characterized in this form of hypertension is a blunted pressure-natriuresis relation, so that a higher blood pressure is needed to achieve the same level of sodium excretion. Short-term studies performed by Otsuka et al25 demonstrated this antinatriuretic shift in the pressure-natriuresis relation in DS rats compared with DR rats. OVX further impaired the pressure-natriuresis response in DS but not DR rats. These investigators, however, did not study whether OVX fostered hypertension.. In the present study, we have shown that in salt-sensitive DS rats, despite a ...

Genetic factors are essential for the introduction of sarcopenia, a geriatric disorder seen as a low lean muscle mass. analyses uncovered the need for the gene in the rules of lean muscle mass. gene, rs10514346, can be an applicant BMD-related polymorphism. The association of rs10514346 with BMD was replicated within an evaluation of data through the Framingham Heart Research. Here, we record a large-scale association research for low lean muscle mass using Affymetrix 250K SNP arrays in an example of 269 unrelated postmenopausal Japanese ladies. The association of the SNP (rs12409277) situated in the 5-flanking area from the (PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous site containing proteins 16) gene was additional verified in another postmenopausal Japanese Nexavar ladies human Nexavar population comprised 1081 topics. Results We utilized the Affymetrix 250K SNP GeneChip (262 000 SNPs) to examine the hereditary association of SNPs with lean muscle mass adjusting with age group in 269 topics. The mean (SD) age ...

Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Womens Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. Writing Group for the Womens Health Initiative Investigators. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333. Available at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/288/3/321 ...

On June 4, 2011, research was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology conference regarding the use of the drug exemestane (Aromasin), an aromatase inhibitor, for use in healthy postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer.. The authors conclude that exemestane reduces the risk of breast cancer for postmenopausal women over the 3 years of follow up in the study. In the study side effects such as hot flashes, fatigue sweating, insomnia and arthralgia were more common in women on exemestane but didnt affect overall self reporting on quality of life. The study was led by Canadas NCIC Clinical Trials Group and financed in part by the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, which manufactures Aromasin.. Read on for BCActions opinion on this new study and pills for prevention in general.. Need robust definition of High Risk When exploring prophylactic treatment for breast cancer in healthy women, the bar needs to be especially high. By failing to adopt a rigorous ...

Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest known breast cancer risk factors. Estrogen and progestin therapy (EPT) has been associated with increases in MD. Dense breast tissue is characterized by increased stromal tissue and (to a lesser degree) increased numbers of breast epithelial cells. It is possible that genetic factors modify the association between EPT and MD, and that certain genetic variants are particularly important in determining MD in hormone users. We evaluated the association between MD and 340 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from about 30 candidate genes in hormone metabolism/growth factor pathways among women who participated in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in 2004. We assessed MD on 2,036 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 69 years using a computer-assisted method (Madena, University of Southern California) in a cross-sectional study. We used linear regression to determine the association between each SNP and MD, adjusting for potential