TY - JOUR. T1 - Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding a novel lysine-specific cysteine proteinase (Lys-Gingipain) in porphyromonas gingivalis. T2 - Structural relationship with the arginine-specific cysteine proteinase (Arg-Gingipain). AU - Okamoto, Kuniaki. AU - Kadowaki, Tomoko. AU - Nakayama, Koji. AU - Yamamoto, Kenji. PY - 1996. Y1 - 1996. N2 - Lys-gingipain (KGP), so termed due to its peptide cleavage specificity for lysine residues, is a cysteine proteinase produced by the Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mixed oligonucleotide primers designed from the NH2-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme were used to clone the KGP-encoding gene (kgp) from the organism. The nucleotide sequence of kgp had a 5,169-bp open reading frame encoding 1,723 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 218 kDa. As the extracellular mature enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa in gels, the precursor of KGP was found to comprise at least four domains, the signal ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of immunization on Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization and invasion in the mouse chamber model. AU - Genco, C. A.. AU - Kapczynski, D. R.. AU - Cutler, C. W.. AU - Arko, R. J.. AU - Arnold, R. R.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. N2 - The effects of immunization with invasive or noninvasive Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis strains on the pathogenesis of infection in a mouse chamber model were examined. BALB/c mice were immunized by a single injection of heat-killed P. gingivalis invasive strain A7436 or W83 or noninvasive strain 33277, HG405, or 381 directly into subcutaneous chambers. P. gingivalis-specific antibody was detected in chamber fluid 21 days postimmunization, and mice were subsequently challenged by injection of exponential-phase P. gingivalis into chambers. Immunization with A7436 or W83 followed by challenge with A7436 protected mice against secondary abscess formation and death; however, P. ...

Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis, produces a broad spectrum of virulence factors, including Arg- and Lys-gingipain cysteine proteinases. In this study, we investigated the capacity of P. gingivalis gingipains to trigger a proinflammatory response in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Both Arg- and Lys-gingipain preparations induced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-8 by macrophages. Stimulation of macrophages with Arg-gingipain A/B preparation at the highest concentration was associated with lower amounts of cytokines detected, a phenomenon likely related to proteolytic degradation. The inflammatory response induced by gingipains was not dependent of their catalytic activity since heat-inactivated preparations were still effective. Stimulating macrophages with gingipain preparations was associated with increased levels of phosphorylated p38α MAPK suggesting its involvement in cell activation. In conclusion, our study brought clear evidence that P. gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC ® BAA-308D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83 TypeStrain=False Application:

K-antigen capsule is one of the key virulence factors of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This cell surface structure is synthesized by proteins encoded by a series of genes in an operon that is transcribed as a large polycistronic message. Previously, a 77-bp inverted repeat region was identified upstream of the start codon of PG0106, the first gene in the synthesis cluster, and this inverted repeat was predicted to form a large stem-loop structure. Furthermore, two genes that flank the synthesis cluster (PG0104 and PG0121) were also found to be co-transcribed with the K-antigen capsule synthesis operon. Interestingly, these genes are both predicted to encode DNA binding proteins; indicated by their high similarity to other known DNA binding proteins. PG0104 shares a 57% sequence similarity to DNA topoisomerase III from Bacillus subtilis, while PG0121 is 72% similar to DNA binding protein HU of Bacillus caldotenax. The transcript levels of the K-antigen capsule synthesis genes in ...

K-antigen capsule is one of the key virulence factors of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This cell surface structure is synthesized by proteins encoded by a series of genes in an operon that is transcribed as a large polycistronic message. Previously, a 77-bp inverted repeat region was identified upstream of the start codon of PG0106, the first gene in the synthesis cluster, and this inverted repeat was predicted to form a large stem-loop structure. Furthermore, two genes that flank the synthesis cluster (PG0104 and PG0121) were also found to be co-transcribed with the K-antigen capsule synthesis operon. Interestingly, these genes are both predicted to encode DNA binding proteins; indicated by their high similarity to other known DNA binding proteins. PG0104 shares a 57% sequence similarity to DNA topoisomerase III from Bacillus subtilis, while PG0121 is 72% similar to DNA binding protein HU of Bacillus caldotenax. The transcript levels of the K-antigen capsule synthesis genes in ...

It has been demonstrated that the Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine proteinases (gingipains) activate and/or degrade a broad range of host proteins. Inactivation of gingipains R prior to infection of mice results in a decrease in the virulence of P. gingivalis. Analysis of mouse, rabbit, and chicken antisera raised to gingipain R1 demonstrated that the hemagglutinin domains of gingipains are very immunogenic; however, immunization of mice with a peptide derived from the hemagglutinin domain did not protect mice from P. gingivalis infection. Our recent studies indicate that immunization of mice with a peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the catalytic domain of gingipains R results in the generation of an immune response that affords protection of mice from P. gingivalis infection. It is postulated that the protection observed results from the inactivation of the enzymatic activity of gingipains R as a result of antibody recognition of a processing site on the gingipain R precursor.. ...

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, can invade primary cultures of gingival epithelial cells. Optimal invasion occurred at a relatively low multiplicity of infection (i.e., 100) and demonstrated saturation at a higher multiplicity of infection. Following the lag phase, during which bacteria invaded poorly, invasion was independent of growth phase. P. gingivalis was capable of replicating within the epithelial cells. Invasion was an active process requiring both bacterial and epithelial cell energy production. Invasion was sensitive to inhibitors of microfilaments and microtubules, demonstrating that epithelial cell cytoskeletal rearrangements are involved in bacterial entry. P. gingivalis, but not epithelial cell, protein synthesis was necessary for invasion. Invasion within the epithelial cells was not blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase activity. Invasion was inhibited by protease inhibitors, suggesting that P. gingivalis proteases may be involved in the invasion process. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The GroEL protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerates tumor growth by enhancing endothelial progenitor cell function and neovascularization. AU - Lin, F. Y.. AU - Huang, C. Y.. AU - Lu, H. Y.. AU - Shih, C. M.. AU - Tsao, N. W.. AU - Shyue, S. K.. AU - Lin, C. Y.. AU - Chang, Y. J.. AU - Tsai, C. S.. AU - Lin, Y. W.. AU - Lin, S. J.. PY - 2015/6/1. Y1 - 2015/6/1. N2 - Porphyromonas gingivalis is a bacterial species that causes destruction of periodontal tissues. Additionally, previous evidence indicates that GroEL from P. gingivalis may possess biological activities involved in systemic inflammation, especially inflammation involved in the progression of periodontal diseases. The literature has established a relationship between periodontal disease and cancer. However, it is unclear whether P. gingivalis GroEL enhances tumor growth. Here, we investigated the effects of P. gingivalis GroEL on neovasculogenesis in C26 carcinoma cell-carrying BALB/c mice and chick eggs in vivo ...

Chronic periodontitis is strongly associated with composition of the oral biofilm occupying the gingival crevicular aspect of the tooth and its associated root. Some gram-negative, red complex bacteria instigate periodontal bone loss in patients, principal among these Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis is a late colonizer, indicating not only its physical location within the oral biofilm, but also the pathogenic dynamic of the interaction between P. gingivalis and the host innate immunity. Among several other subversive tactics, P. gingivalis has been shown to compel receptors vital to the orchestration of an appropriate immune response to co-associate and consequently signal in a way that directly benefits the pathogen. Upon interaction with human monocytes and murine macrophages, P. gingivalis has been shown to induce TLR2 and CXCR4 to co- associate in lipid rafts via its surface fimbriae. The ensuing crosstalk results in a cAMP dependent, PKA mediated inhibition of NF-KB which in turn leads

Background: It has been suggested that bacterial infections have a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). P gingivalis, a Gram-negative, anaerobic rod, is one of the major pathogens associated with periodontal disease.. Objective: To examine P gingivalis infection and its effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis of human articular chondrocytes.. Methods: Primary human chondrocytes cultured in monolayers were challenged with P gingivalis. Infection and invasion of P gingivalis into chondrocytes was analysed by scanning electron microscopy, double immunofluorescence and by antibiotic protection and invasion assay. Cell cycle progression of infected chondrocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Also, cell apoptosis was visualised by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) of DNA strand breaks and by western blot analysis.. Results: Data showed that P gingivalis could adhere and infect primary human chondrocytes. After chondrocyte ...

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Porphyromonas gingivalisis an anaerobic, asaccharolytic bacterium that is recognized as an important etiologic agent in adult periodontitis (7, 18, 34). Virulence factors of P. gingivalisidentified in the mouse abscess animal model include the cysteine proteases Arg- and Lys-gingipain (10, 20). An allelic-exchange mutant of P. gingivalis W83 deficient in arginine-specific cysteine protease activity displayed reduced virulence in this animal model (10). Similar results have been obtained with naturally occurring and allelic-exchange lysine-specific protease mutants of P. gingivalis W83 (20). The specific role of such proteases in virulence has not been elucidated, but they might contribute to the ability of the bacteria to colonize the oral cavity by the exposure of cryptic sites and binding to an extracellular matrix, the evasion of host defense mechanisms through the hydrolysis of immunoglobulin and complement proteins, and the alteration of neutrophil antimicrobial activity by degradation of ...

The chemical structure of lipid A isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was elucidated by compositional analysis, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The hydrophilic backbone of free lipid A was found to consisted of beta(1,6)-linked D-glucosamine disaccharide 1-phosphate. (R)-3-Hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanoic acid and (R)-3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid are attached at positions 2 and 3 of the reducing terminal residue, respectively, and positions 2 and 3 of the nonreducing terminal unit are acylated with (R)-3-O-(hexadecanoyl)-15-methylhexadecanoic acid and (R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoic acid, respectively. The hydroxyl group at position 4 is partially replaced by another phosphate group, and the hydroxyl groups at positions 4 and 6 are unsubstituted. Considerable heterogeneity in the fatty acid chain length and the degree of acylation and phosphorylation was detected by liquid secondary ion-mass spectrometry (LSI-MS). A significant ...

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes destructive chronic periodontitis. In addition, this bacterium is also involved in the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P. gingivalis infection on gene and protein expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) and its relation to cellular function.. Results: AoSMCs were exposed to viable P. gingivalis for 24 h, whereafter confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to study P. gingivalis invasion of AoSMCs. AoSMCs proliferation was evaluated by neutral red assay. Human genome microarray, western blot and ELISA were used to investigate how P. gingivalis changes the gene and protein expression of AoSMCs. We found that viable P. gingivalis invades AoSMCs, disrupts stress fiber structures and significantly increases cell proliferation. Microarray results showed that, a total of 982 genes were identified as differentially expressed with the threshold log2 ...

Polyphosphate (polyP) has bactericidal activity against a gram-negative periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobic rod. However, current knowledge about the mode of action of polyP against P. gingivalis is incomplete. To elucidate the mechanisms of antibacterial action of polyP against P. gingivalis, we performed the full-genome gene expression microarrays, and gene ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We successfully identified 349 up-regulated genes and 357 down-regulated genes (|1.5-fold, P | 0.05) in P. gingivalis W83 treated with polyP75 (sodium polyphosphate, Nan+2PnO3n+1; n = 75). Real-time PCR confirmed the up- and down-regulation of some selected genes. GO analysis of the DEGs identified distinct biological themes. Using 202 DEGs belonging to the biological themes, we generated the protein-protein interaction network based on a database of known and predicted protein interactions. The

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease that is highly prevalent worldwide and is characterized by inflammation of the gums, and loss of connective tissue and bone support. The Gram-negative anerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is generally accepted as the main etiological agent for chronic periodontitis. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the feasibility of achieving protection against periodontitis though immunization against P. gingivalis. Until now, animal studies have showed no complete protection against P. gingivalis. However, current knowledge about P. gingivalis structures could be applicable for further research to develop a successful licensed vaccine and alternative therapeutic strategies. This review reveals that a multicomponent vaccine against P. gingivalis, which includes structures shared among P. gingivalis serotypes, will be feasible to induce broad and complete protection ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Identification of a new membrane-associated protein that influences transport/maturation of gingipains and adhesins of Porphyromonas gingivalis. AU - Sato, Keiko. AU - Sakai, Eiko. AU - Veith, Paul D.. AU - Shoji, Mikio. AU - Kikuchi, Yuichiro. AU - Yukitake, Hideharu. AU - Ohara, Naoya. AU - Naito, Mariko. AU - Okamoto, Kuniaki. AU - Reynolds, Eric C.. AU - Nakayama, Koji. PY - 2005/3/11. Y1 - 2005/3/11. N2 - The dual membrane envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria provide two barriers of unlike nature that regulate the transport of molecules into and out of organisms. Organisms have developed several systems for transport across the inner and outer membranes. The Gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis produces proteinase and adhesin complexes, gingipains/adhesins, on the cell surface and in the extracellular milieu as one of the major virulence factors. Gingipains and/or adhesins are encoded by kgp, rgpA, rgpB, and hagA on the chromosome. In this ...

The suitability of a mouse model for host response in the induction of alveolar bone loss by Porphyromonas gingivalis was explored. The mouths of immunocompetent and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were infected with P. gingivalis ATCC 53977. P. gingivalis was not isolated from the mouths of these mice before infection, but was present at least 42 days after infection. P. gingivalis-specific IgG was present in sera from the infected, immunocompetent mice at the end of these experiments (42 days). Specific IgG was not present in sham-infected or uninfected immunocompetent mice, nor in any immunodeficient mice. Specific IgM was not present in any sera at 42 days. Infected, immunocompetent mice of two strains showed significant bone loss in comparison to sham-infected or uninfected immunocompetent mice (p | 0.05). Infected SCID mice, which are genetically lacking both B and T lymphocytes, also showed significant bone loss compared with sham-infected or uninfected SCID mice (p | 0.05

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a leading cause of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident, and independent associations with periodontal disease (PD) are reported. PD is caused by polymicrobial infections and aggressive immune responses. Genomic DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the best-studied bacterial pathogen associated with severe PD, is detected within atherosclerotic plaque. We examined causal relationships between chronic P. gingivalis oral infection, PD, and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoEnull mice. ApoEnull mice (n = 24) were orally infected with P. gingivalis for 12 and 24 weeks. PD was assessed by standard clinical measurements while the aorta was examined for atherosclerotic lesions and inflammatory markers by array. Systemic inflammatory markers serum amyloid A, nitric oxide, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were analyzed. P. gingivalis infection elicited specific antibodies and alveolar bone loss. Fluorescent in situ hybridization detected viable P. gingivalis

Characterization of a second cell-associated Arg-specific cysteine proteinase of Porphyromonas gingivalis and identification of an adhesin-binding motif involved in association of the prtR and prtK proteinases and adhesins into large complexes

A nonpigmented mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis was constructed by using transposon mutagenesis. The mutant possessed the transposon DNA at the novel gene porR. Gene targeted mutagenesis revealed that porR was responsible for pigmentation. The porR gene shared similarities with genes of the degT family, the products of which are now considered to be transaminases involved in biosynthesis of sugar portions of cell-surface polysaccharides and aminoglycosides. The porR mutant showed a pleiotropic phenotype: delayed maturation of fimbrillin, preferential presence of Rgp and Kgp proteinases in culture supernatants, and no haemagglutination. The porR mutant had altered phenol extractable polysaccharide compared to the porR + sibling strain. A mAb, 1B5, that reacts with sugar portions of P. gingivalis cell surface polysaccharide and membrane-type Rgp proteinase showed no reaction with the cell lysates of the porR mutant. These results indicate that porR is involved in biosynthesis of cell surface

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Methods: in vivo laboratory, experimental research was conducted using posttest only control group design. The samples were 20 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups. Groups I and II were groups injected using LPS P. gingivalis for 6 w and were decapited on the day 3 and day 7, groups III and IV were the control groups (not injected using LPS P. gingivalis) and decapited on the day 3 and day 7. Subsequently, conducting tissue preparation, staining using haematoxilin eosin, and calculating the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts cells using a microscope (Optilab) with 400x magnification. The results of osteoblast and osteoclast cell calculation were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD one-way test. ...

ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner.

Porphyromonas gingivalis porphypain protein: isolated from Prophyromonas gingivalis W12; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank U42210; do not confuse with PrtP from Lactococcus

Download Free Full-Text of an article Study of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a key outer membrane protein found in Gram-negative bacteria that contributes to several crucial processes in bacterial virulence. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, OmpA is predicted as a heterotrimer of OmpA1 and OmpA2 subunits encoded by adjacent genes. Here we describe the role of OmpA and its individual subunits in the interaction of P. gingivalis with oral cells. Using knockout mutagenesis, we show that OmpA2 plays a significant role in biofilm formation and interaction with human epithelial cells. We used protein structure prediction software to identify extracellular loops of OmpA2, and determined these are involved in interactions with epithelial cells as evidenced by inhibition of adherence and invasion of P. gingivalis by synthetic extracellular loop peptides and the ability of the peptides to mediate interaction of latex beads with human cells. In particular, we observe that OmpA2-loop 4 plays an important role in the interaction with host cells. These ...

Periodontal disease is of established aetiology in which polymicrobial synergistic ecology has become dysbiotic under the influence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Following breakdown of the hosts protective oral tissue barriers, P. gingivalis migrates to developing inflammatory pathologies that associate with Alzheimers disease (AD). Periodontal disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders (CVD), type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), AD and other chronic diseases, whilst T2DM exacerbates periodontitis. This study analysed the relationship between the P. gingivalis/host interactome and the genes identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the aforementioned conditions using data from GWASdb (P

Porphyromonas gingivalis KGP-381 protein: gene kgp(381) has high homology with the proteolytic domain of cysteine proteases/hemagglutination genes; MW 40 kDa; amino acid sequence in first source

Oral mucosa provides the first line of defense against a diverse array of environmental and microbial irritants by forming the barrier of epithelial cells interconnected by multiprotein tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junction complexes. Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), an epithelial-specific transcription factor, may play a role in the formation of the mucosal epithelial barrier, as it regulates the expression of the junction proteins. The current study investigated the role of GRHL2 in the Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)-induced impairment of epithelial barrier functions. Exposure of human oral keratinocytes (HOK-16B and OKF6 cells) to Pg or Pg-derived lipopolysaccharides (Pg LPSs) led to rapid loss of endogenous GRHL2 and the junction proteins (e.g., zonula occludens, E-cadherin, claudins, and occludin). GRHL2 directly regulated the expression levels of the junction proteins and the epithelial permeability for small molecules (e.g., dextrans and Pg bacteria). To explore ...

http://library.hku.hk:4550/resserv?sid=HKU:IR&issn=1932-6203&volume=7&issue=12&spage=e51008&epage=&date=2012&atitle=Baicalin+Downregulates+Porphyromonas+gingivalis+Lipopolysaccharide-Upregulated+IL-6+and+IL-8+Expression+in+Human+Oral+Keratinocytes+by+Negative+Regulation+of+TLR+ ...

The purpose of our study was to examine if lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) modifies the vasomotor responses to Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) in rat coronary arteries. The arteries were studied directly or following organ culture for 24 h in absence and presence of 2.5EU/ml LPS. The contractile responses of coronary arteries were investigated by using the selective ETB receptor agonist S6c (1 pM-0.3 μM) and ET-1 (1 pM-0.3 μM). The functional studies demonstrated an augmented contractile response only to S6c in isolated rat coronary arteries after organ culture (with or without LPS). These contractile responses by S6c were blocked by the selective ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 in both vessel groups. The augmented contractile response to S6c was supported by immunohistochemistry, where a significant increase in fluorescence intensity for ETB receptors in smooth muscle cells was observed after organ culture. The presence of LPS in the culture medium ...

Gln-70, which is located near the active-site metal, is conserved in aligned amino acid sequences of iron-containing superoxide dimutases (Fe-SODs) and cambialistic SOD from Porphyromonas gingivalis, but is complementarily substituted with Gln-142 in manganese-containing SODs (Mn-SODs). In order to clarify the contribution of this exchange of Gln to the metal-specific activity of P. gingivalis SOD, we have prepared a mutant of the enzyme with conversions of Gln-70 to Gly and Ala-142 to Gln. The ratio of the specific activities of Mn- to Fe-reconstituted P. gingivalis SOD increased from 1.4 in the wild-type to 3.5 in the mutant SODs. Furthermore, the visible absorption spectra of the Mn- and Fe-reconstituted mutant SODs more closely resembled that of Mn-specific SOD than that of the wild-type SOD. We conclude that a difference in configuration of the Gln residues of P. gingivalis SOD partially accounts for the metal-specific activity of the enzyme.. ...

Principal Investigator：田中 雅子, Project Period (FY)：1991, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A), Research Field：Morphological basic dentistry

TY - JOUR. T1 - Innate immune recognition of invasive bacteria accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. AU - Gibson, Frank C.. AU - Hong, Charlie. AU - Chou, Hsin H.. AU - Yumoto, Hiromichi. AU - Chen, Jiqiu. AU - Lien, Egil. AU - Wong, Jodie. AU - Genco, Caroline Attardo. PY - 2004/6/8. Y1 - 2004/6/8. N2 - Background - Infectious diseases have emerged as potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies support a connection between periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, and CVD. Methods and Results - To directly test the connection between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis, apoE-/- mice were orally challenged with the periodontal disease pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis or an invasion-impaired P gingivalis fimbriae-deficient mutant (FimA-). Both wild-type P gingivalis and the FimA- mutant were detected in blood and aortic arch tissue of apoE-/- mice by PCR after challenge. ApoE-/- ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, which play an important role in in-nate immune signaling in response to microbial infection. It has been demonstrated that TLRs are differentially up regulated in response to microbial infection and chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Furthermore hyperlipidemic mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 signaling exhibit diminished inflammatory responses and decreased atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has implicated specific infectious agents including the periodontal disease pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in the progression of atherosclerosis. Evidence in humans suggesting that periodontal infection predisposes to atherosclerosis is derived from studies demonstrating that the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis resides in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels and seroepidemiological studies demonstrating an association between pathogen-specific IgG antibodies and atherosclerosis. We ...

While the 16S ribosomal gene is the standard for distinguishing among bacterial species, it is insufficiently variable among P. gingivalis strains for resolution. The ribosomal ISR is the most variable portion of the ribosomal operon and is sufficiently variable within a species to resolve strains (18). This locus also offers a technical advantage since it can be amplified with species-specific and conserved primers in the 16S and 23S ribosomal genes, thus avoiding the need to culture bacteria from clinical specimens. There are four copies of the ribosomal operon in P. gingivalis (P. gingivalis genome project [http://www.forsyth.org/pggp/number_of_rrna_operons.htm]). Ribosomal operons in general, including the ISR, are maintained by concerted evolution (2, 4). This correction minimizes replacement by exogenous sequences, so that the operon should closely reflect the evolutionary history of the organism.. We have previously used the ISR for both sequence-based and heteroduplex type-based P. ...

Periodontitis is a common, progressive disease that eventually affects the majority of the population. The local destruction of periodontitis is believed to result from a bacterial infection of the gingival sulcus, and several clinical studies have provided evidence to implicate Porphyromonas gingivalis. If P. gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen, it would be expected to be present in most subjects with disease and rarely detected in subjects with good periodontal health. However, in most previous studies, P. gingivalis has not been detected in the majority of subjects with disease, and age-matched, periodontally healthy controls were not included for comparison. The purpose of the study reported here was to compare the prevalence of P. gingivalis in a group with periodontitis to that of a group that is periodontally healthy. A comprehensive sampling strategy and a sensitive PCR assay were used to maximize the likelihood of detection. The target sequence for P. gingivalis-specific amplification ...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) as an acute-phase protein plays a crucial role in innate host response to bacterial challenge. Our previous study shows that LBP expression in human gingiva is associated with periodontal status. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontopathogen, and its LPS with lipid A structural heterogeneity critically accounts for periodontal pathogenesis. This study investigated the effects of LBP and its interactions with two featured isoforms of P. gingivalis LPS (tetra-acylated LPS1435/1449 and penta-acylated LPS1690) on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), and the involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. HOKs were pre-incubated with recombinant human LBP (rhLBP) at 10ng/ml, 100ng/ml and 1μg/ml for 1 h, followed by the treatment of P. gingivalis LPS1690 or LPS1435/1449 for 3h or 24h respectively. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8, and involvements of TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed. The genes associated with

Cortexyme, Inc. (Nasdaq: CRTX), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company pioneering a novel, disease-modifying therapeutic approach to treat what it believes to be a key underlying cause of Alzheimers (AD) and other degenerative diseases, today announced the publication of research further documenting the ability of the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis to invade neurons and trigger Alzheimers-like neuropathology.

Summary The sequence of events involved in haemagglutination and lysis of erythrocytes by washed cells, vesicles and the culture supernate of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83 was monitored by 51Cr release and transmission electronmicroscopy. All preparations, except capsular material and lipopolysaccharide, caused haemagglutination and, by a slow process of attachment and specific attack on the surface structures of the red blood cells, produced minute pores and eventual leakage of cellular contents. N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and several other sugars such as glucose and sucrose had no effect on haemagglutination. Antiserum raised against a cloned haemagglutinin of P. gingivalis strain 381 inhibited the activity of strain W83 cells, vesicles and supernate. The antiserum-neutralised supernate lost 70-80% of its hydrolytic activity towards α-N-benzoyl-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide but the residual activity behaved in a manner similar to the native supernate in that it was completely

nucleatum ATCC 25586 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 were grown anaerobically (85% N2, 10% H2, 5% CO2) at 37°C in trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1 mg/ml yeast extract, 1 μg/ml menadione and 5 μg/ml hemin (TSB). S. gordonii DL1 was grown anaerobically. at 37°C in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB). Chemicals HPLC grade acetonitrile was from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA); high purity acetic acid (99.99%) and ammonium acetate (99.99%), from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). High purity water was generated with a NANOpure UV system (Barnstead, Dubuque, IA, USA). Proteomics of model bacterial communities High density bacterial communities were generated by the method of Merritt et al. [44]. Bacteria were cultured to mid-log phase, harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in pre-reduced PBS (rPBS). 1 × 109 cells of P. gingivalis were mixed with an equal number of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum as a combination of the three species. P. gingivalis PCI-32765 ic50 cells alone were also used ...

Projekt „Repozytorium otwartego dostępu do dorobku naukowego i dydaktycznego UJ współfinansowany w ramach poddziałania 2.3.1 „Cyfrowe udostępnianie zasobów nauki Programu Operacyjnego Polska Cyfrowa z Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego i budżetu państwa na podstawie umowy o dofinansowanie nr POPC.02.03.01-00-0030/17-00 ...

森 修二 , 広瀬 公治 , 大井戸 真理 , 室 三之 , 磯貝 恵美子 , 中島 啓介 , 上田 五男 , 小鷲 悠典 日本歯周病学会会誌 40(1), 58-65, 1998-03-28 CiNii PDF - オープンアクセス J-STAGE 医中誌Web 参考文献22件 被引用文献2件 ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection Induces Amyloid-β Accumulation in Monocytes/Macrophages. AU - Nie, Ran. AU - Wu, Zhou. AU - Ni, Junjun. AU - Zeng, Fan. AU - Yu, Weixian. AU - Zhang, Yufeng. AU - Kadowaki, Tomoko. AU - Kashiwazaki, Haruhiko. AU - Teeling, Jessica L.. AU - Zhou, Yanmin. PY - 2019/1/1. Y1 - 2019/1/1. N2 - Abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is the most significant pathological hallmark of Alzheimers disease (AD). We have found that chronic systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) induces the accumulation of Aβ in the brain of middle-aged mice. On the other hand, recent research has shown that circulating Aβ is transferred into the brain; however, the involvement of chronic systemic P. gingivalis infection in the peripheral Aβ metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that chronic P. gingivalis infection expands Aβ pools in peripheral inflammatory tissues and thereby contributes to the accumulation ...

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by exaggerated host immune responses to dysregulated microbiota in dental biofilms leading to degradation of tissues and alveolar bone loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontal pathogen and expresses several potent virulence factors. Among these factors, arginine and lysine gingipains are of special importance, both for the bacterial survival/proliferation and the pathological outcome. The major aim of this thesis was to develop and test novel methods for diagnosis and prevention of P. gingivalis infection and periodontitis. In study I, anti-P. gingivalis antibodies were developed in vitro for immunodetection of bacteria in clinical samples using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor. Specific binding of the antibodies to P. gingivalis was demonstrated in samples of patients with periodontitis and the results were validated using real-time PCR and DNA-DNA checkerboard analysis. In study II, we elucidated the ...

The pathogenicity of the periodontal biofilm is highly dependent on a few key species, of which Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be one of the most important pathogens. P. gingivalis expresses a broad range of virulence factors, of these cysteine proteases (gingipains) are of special importance both for the bacterial survival/proliferation and for the pathological outcome. Several cell types, for example, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts, reside in the periodontium and are part of the innate host response, as well as platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages. These cells recognize and respond to P. gingivalis and its components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), for example, Toll-like receptors and protease-activated receptors. Ligation of PRRs induces downstream-signaling pathways modifying the activity of transcription factors that regulates the expression of genes linked to inflammation. This is followed by the

Yes. Theres a lot of discussion about it. So, first of all, its a risk factor. So, often, when you see p. gingivalis, or when you see periodontitis, you often see, also, other diseases like diabetes. So, but, they showed the association. But the problem is: both diseases; or a lot of diseases, like cardiovascular diseases; are so complex and caused by different factors, thats its very difficult to find 1 cause or 1 relation. So, there has never been a causal relationship that has been demonstrated. So, what I can say is, maybe, if you have periodontitis with p. gingivalis, there are studies that demonstrate, so: the invasiveness of p. gingivalis. It can go to the liver, and there it can interact with the process of the glucose mechanism. So, the invasiveness, first of all: p. gingivalis makes that it may ... yes, I would say: induce the diabetes. But, on the other hand; you see, for diabetes patients, the problem is there: they may have a loss in bone density. And when you see to the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Porphyromonas gingivalis may multiply and advance within stratified human junctional epithelium in vitro. AU - Papapanou, P. N.. AU - Sandros, J.. AU - Lindberg, K.. AU - Duncan, M. J.. AU - Niederman, R.. AU - Nannmark, U.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. M3 - Article. C2 - 7799218. VL - 29. SP - 374. EP - 375. JO - Journal of Periodontal Research. JF - Journal of Periodontal Research. SN - 0022-3484. IS - 5. ER - ...

Principal Investigator：TSUKUBA Tomoko, Project Period (FY)：2004 - 2005, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Functional basic dentistry

TY - JOUR. T1 - Relationship of periodontal infection to serum antibody levels to periodontopathic bacteria and inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients with coronary heart disease. AU - Yamazaki, K.. AU - Honda, T.. AU - Domon, H.. AU - Okui, T.. AU - Kajita, K.. AU - Amanuma, R.. AU - Kudoh, C.. AU - Takashiba, S.. AU - Kokeguchi, S.. AU - Nishimura, F.. AU - Kodama, M.. AU - Aizawa, Y.. AU - Oda, H.. PY - 2007/9/1. Y1 - 2007/9/1. N2 - Several reports have demonstrated a possible association of periodontal infections with coronary heart disease (CHD) by elevated antibody titre to periodontopathic bacteria in CHD patients compared with non-diseased controls. Although each periodontopathic bacterium may vary in virulence for periodontitis and atherosclerosis, antibody response to multiple bacteria in CHD patients has not been understood fully. Therefore, serum levels of antibody to 12 periodontopathic bacteria together with other atherosclerotic risk markers were compared among 51 patients ...

View more ,Periodontal disease is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases affecting tooth-supporting tissues. The early stage is the presence of biofilm-associated gingival inflammation which, in patients having juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), might function as a reservoir of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis has been associated with an increased level of anticardiolipin and anti-b2-glycoprotein antibodies in patients with SLE, which implies periodontal disease as a modifiable risk factor for SLE morbility1 . Besides, Porphyromonas gingivalis also express functional endogenous Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, which catalyzes a citrullination reaction that can lead to formation of citrullinated peptides. PAD can frequently be recognized in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosusand primary Sjögren syndrome2 . Laugisch et al. 3 reported that PAD secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis ...

Tobacco Smoke Augments Porphyromonas gingivalis - Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm Formation. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Edelweiss journal of Dental Research and Management consists of high indexed articles related to the topics of Neural arterial gingival simplex, Porphyromonas gingivalis. It welcomes the authors from all over the world to publish their manuscripts and innovative works which are available for free for the global readers.

The polymicrobial dysbiotic subgingival biofilm microbes associated with periodontal disease appear to contribute to developing pathologies in distal body sites, including the brain. This study examined oxidative stress, in the form of increased protein carbonylation and oxidative protein damage, in the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) transgenic mouse that models inflammatory TNF-α excess during bacterial infection; and in the apolipoprotein knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse brains, following Porphyromonas gingivalis gingival monoinfection. Following 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization, carbonyl groups were detected in frontal lobe brain tissue lysates by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis of fixed tissue sections from the frontotemporal lobe and the hippocampus. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of variable carbonyl content and oxidative protein damage in all lysates, with TNF-α transgenic blots exhibiting increased protein carbonyl content, with consistently prominent ...

Nagata, H., Iwasaki, M., Maeda, K., Kuboniwa, M., Hashino, E., Toe, M., … Shizukuishi, S. (2009). Identification of the Binding Domain of Streptococcus oralis Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase for Porphyromonas gingivalis Major Fimbriae. Infection and Immunity, 77(11), 5130-5138. Kuboniwa, M., Hendrickson, E. L., Xia, Q., Wang, T., Xie, H., Hackett, M., & Lamont, R. J. (2009). Proteomics of Porphyromonas gingivalis within a model oral microbial community. BMC Microbiology, 9, 98.. Gambone, J. E., Dusaban, S. S., Loperena, R., Nakata, Y., & Shetzline, S. E. (2011). The c-Myb target gene neuromedin U functions as a novel cofactor during the early stages of erythropoiesis. Blood, 117(21), 5733-5743.. To see more references related to this product click here. ...

Porphyromonas gingivalis is the foremost oral pathogen of adult periodontitis in humans. However, the mechanisms of bacterial invasion and the resultant destruction of the gingival tissue remain largely undefined. We report host-P. gingivalis interactions in primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. Quantitative immunostaining revealed the need for a high multiplicity of infection for optimal infection. Early in infection (2-12 h), P. gingivalis activated the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa B, partly via the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway. This was accompanied by the induction of cellular anti-apoptotic genes, including Bfl-1, Boo, Bcl-XL, Bcl2, Mcl-1, Bcl-w and Survivin. Late in infection (24-36 h) the anti-apoptotic genes largely shut down and the pro-apoptotic genes, including Nip3, Hrk, Bak, Bik, Bok, Bax, Bad, Bim and Moap-1, were activated. Apoptosis was characterized by nuclear DNA degradation and activation of caspases-3, -6, -7 and -9 via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Use of

Invasion of host cells by S. aureus is likely to play an important role during colonisation and infection. Studies have shown S. aureus invasion to occur via an interaction between its fibronectin binding proteins (FnBPs) and the host integrin a5~J utilising fibronectin (Fn) as a bridging molecule. The reports of S. aureus invasion vary in a number of ways and a number of factors are likely to influence invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate factors involved in determining S. aureus invasion of epithelial cells. The presence of a stable sub-population with enhanced invasive capability has previously been identified for the oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. In this study consecutive antibiotic protection assays were used in an attempt to determine whether such a sub-population structure exists in S. aureus cultures. Initial findings indicated that S. aureus cultures may contain an invasive sub-population but that this was transient and not stable. This was later attributed to ...

article{cb2802ac-4204-46e9-980f-a6355a16c123, abstract = {Objective Examine the relationship between antibodies to 25 oral bacteria and pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective cohort study. Design We measured antibodies to oral bacteria in prediagnosis blood samples from 405 pancreatic cancer cases and 416 matched controls, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression and additionally adjusted for smoking status and body mass index. Results Individuals with high levels of antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis ATTC 53978, a pathogenic periodontal bacteria, had a twofold higher risk of pancreatic cancer than individuals with lower levels of these antibodies (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.36; >200ng/ml vs 200ng/ml). To explore the association with commensal (non-pathogenic) oral bacteria, we performed a cluster analysis and identified two groups of individuals, based on their antibody ...

Discussion. The study found that 48 (65.7%) of the cases suffered with periodontitis, indicating a very strong association with periodontitis and heart disease. These results are supported by earlier findings.7,8 Recent evidence has suggested that chronic inflammations, among then dental infections, particularly the periodontal disease, are involved in the pathogenesis of CAD.9 It is an alarming evidence that periodontal diseases could play an important role in the initiation and progression of CVDs.10 HVD is a major public health concern, and a significant rise in its prevalence with age has been observed.11 The present study found a strong association between HVD and periodontitis which is in line with studies showing porphyromonas gingivalis being one of the major opportunistic periodontal pathogens.12 The link between periodontitis and heart attack is inflammation, or swelling, which leads to hardening of arteries, and is called atherosclerosis. The current study showed significant ...

González, Octavio A. et al HIV-1 Reactivation Induced by the Periodontal Pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis Involves Toll-Like Receptor 4 and 9 Activation in Monocytes/Macrophages. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17.9 (2010): 1417-1427. Web. 03 June. 2020. ...

Analysis of post-mortem with and without dementia has found lipopolysaccharide, a component of an oral bacterium (Porphyromonas gingivalis), in four out of 10 Alzheimers disease brain samples, but not in any of the 10 brains of people who didnt have Alzheimers.. Gingivitis is extremely common, and about 64% of American seniors (65+) have moderate or severe periodontal disease.. The finding adds to evidence linking gum disease and Alzheimers.. http://www.futurity.org/alzheimers-may-ties-gum-disease/. ...

Multimorbidity of intestinal cancer (IC), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is a posh set of ailments, affected by environmental and genetic threat components. High-fat diet (HFD) and oral bacterial infection play essential roles in the etiology of these ailments by way of irritation and numerous organic mechanisms. To research the complexity of this multimorbidity, we used the collaborative cross (CC) mouse genetics reference inhabitants. We aimed to research the multimorbidity of IC, T2D, and obesity using CC lines, measuring their responses to HFD and oral bacterial infection.. The research used 63 mice of each sexes generated from two CC lines (IL557 and IL711). For 12 weeks, experimental mice have been maintained on particular dietary regimes mixed with co-infection with oral micro organism Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, whereas management teams werent contaminated. Body weight (BW) and outcomes of a intraperitoneal glucose tolerance check (IPGTT) have been recorded ...

Multimorbidity of intestinal cancer (IC), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is a posh set of ailments, affected by environmental and genetic threat components. High-fat diet (HFD) and oral bacterial infection play essential roles in the etiology of these ailments by way of irritation and numerous organic mechanisms. To research the complexity of this multimorbidity, we used the collaborative cross (CC) mouse genetics reference inhabitants. We aimed to research the multimorbidity of IC, T2D, and obesity using CC lines, measuring their responses to HFD and oral bacterial infection.. The research used 63 mice of each sexes generated from two CC lines (IL557 and IL711). For 12 weeks, experimental mice have been maintained on particular dietary regimes mixed with co-infection with oral micro organism Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, whereas management teams werent contaminated. Body weight (BW) and outcomes of a intraperitoneal glucose tolerance check (IPGTT) have been recorded ...

Poor dental health and gum disease may be linked to Alzheimers disease, a study suggests. Brains of deceased dementia patients were found to contain signs of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the bug respons...

Affiliation (Current)：東京医科歯科大学,大学院医歯学総合研究科,准教授, Research Field：Conservative dentistry,Periodontal dentistry,Periodontal dentistry, Keywords：歯周病原性細菌,歯周疾患,Porphyromonas gingivalis,ELISA法,歯周炎,歯周組織,ICAM-1,VCAM-1,成人性歯周炎,歯周病, # of Research Projects：16, # of Research Products：43

Periodontal disease is a condition in which the gums and bones surrounding the teeth are inflamed. It is a common cause of oral discomfort and tooth loss, but in recent years has been linked to a variety of systemic problems. Among them is cardiovascular disease, which is the top cause of death in the developed world. There is evidence that periodontal pathogens invade the bloodstream from the gingival pockets and contribute to the progression of disease through a variety of different mechanisms. First, they initiate the systemic inflammatory process by invading and activating vascular endothelial cells to upregulate adhesion molecules and chemokines, which then in turn activate macrophages to take up low density lipoprotein and deposit it on the luminal wall. Atherosclerotic plaque is pro-thrombotic, which increases the chances of forming blood clots and ischemic attacks. Periodontal pathogens also can induce the proliferation of antibodies that can cross-react with self-antigens, resulting in ...

Results: P. gingivalis lipid A heterogeneity was found to be due to culture medium conditions and extraction procedures and was not the result of degradation due to isolation procedures. Lipid A was identified as the component of LPS responsible for E selectin antagonism. Two different preparations of P. gingivalis LPS which differed in their lipid A species content were obtained. It was found that one was an agonist while the other was an antagonist for E selectin expression on human endothelial cells ...

Scientists at Forsyth, along with a colleague from Northwestern University, have discovered that the protein, Transgultaminase 2 is a key component in the process of gum disease.

It is unusual for us to comment on a particular company event during a quarter. However, Parateks announcement yesterday after the close that it completed...

BOSTON, May 02, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:PRTK) announced today the dosing of the first patient in its Phase 1b...

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