Phylogenetic analysis was utilized to investigate biological relationships (tissue tropism, disease presentation, and epidemiologic success), as evidenced by coevolution, among human strains ofChlamydia trachomatis. Nucleotide sequences ofomp1, the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. trachomatis, were determined for 40 strains representing 11 serovars. These data were combined with availableomp1 sequences from GenBank for an analysis encompassing a total of 69 strains representing 17 serovars infecting humans. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequences showed no evolutionary relationships among serovars that corresponded to biological or pathological phenotypes (tissue tropism, disease presentation, and epidemiologic success). In addition, no specific residues that may have evolved to play a role in determining biologically relevant characteristics of chlamydia, such as tissue specificity, disease presentation, and epidemiologic success, ...

A vaccine against C. trachomatis infection has proven difficult to develop. Early vaccine studies showed that whole inactivated bacterial cells administered intramuscularly were partially protective in human and primate trials. Primate vaccine trials and human experimental infection studies suggested that C. trachomatis immunity was in part strain specific, and the identification of MOMP as the strain-specific antigen of C. trachomatis quickly focused vaccine efforts on this protein. In general, use of MOMP or peptide epitopes derived from it as a vaccine has engendered variable or no protective immunity in a variety of animal model systems. The best results were observed when MOMP was used as a structurally intact molecule, suggesting that conformationally intact antigenic sites on the molecule are important for protective immunity.. We previously reported that MOMP DNA administered parenterally was also partially effective in inducing protective immunity against lung infection with MoPn. The ...

This entry represents both eukaryotic mitochondrial porins and Tom40 proteins.. Eukaryotic mitochondrial porins are voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC) that behave as general diffusion pores for small hydrophilic molecules [ (PUBMED:8031826) (PUBMED:1384178) (PUBMED:1689252) (PUBMED:2442148) ]. The channels adopt an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The eukaryotic mitochondrial porins are beta-barrel proteins, composed of between 12 to 16 beta-strands that span the mitochondrial outer membrane. Yeast contains two members of this family (genes POR1 and POR2); vertebrates have at least three members (genes VDAC1, VDAC2 and VDAC3) [ (PUBMED:8812436) ]. They are related to the mitochondrial import receptor subunit Tom40 proteins, sharing a common evolutionary origin and structure [ (PUBMED:22178864) ]. Tom40 is a mitochondrion outer membrane protein and a component of the TOM (translocator of the outer ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of mitochondrial porins and the permeability transition pore in learning and synaptic plasticity. AU - Weeber, Edwin J.. AU - Levy, Michael. AU - Sampson, Margaret J.. AU - Anflous, Keltoum. AU - Armstrong, Dawna L.. AU - Brown, Sarah E.. AU - David Sweatt, J.. AU - Craigen, William J.. PY - 2002/5/24. Y1 - 2002/5/24. N2 - Mitochondrial outer membrane permeability is conferred by a family of porin proteins. Mitochondrial porins conduct small molecules and constitute one component of the permeability transition pore that opens in response to apoptotic signals. Because mitochondrial porins have significant roles in diverse cellular processes including regulation of mitochondrial ATP and calcium flux, we sought to determine their importance in learning and synaptic plasticity in mice. We show that fear conditioning and spatial learning are disrupted in porin-deficient mice. Electrophysiological recordings of porin-deficient hippocampal slices reveal deficits in long and ...

In the current study, the construction of a toxR+ V. cholerae strain that expresses the ToxR-repressed porin OmpT in place of the ToxR-activated porin OmpU has allowed us to dissect the role these porins play in V. cholerae pathogenesis. Amazingly, merely substituting one outer membrane porin for another resulted in a number of attenuated pathogenic properties, including bile resistance, virulence factor expression, and intestinal colonization. ToxR-dependent regulation of outer membrane porins appears to have preceded the evolution of V. cholerae, because ToxR performs similar functions in other members of the Vibrionaceae (14, 17). However, these other bacteria do not have the additional regulatory factors TcpP and ToxT whose genes are located on the V. cholerae-specific pathogenicity island VPI (30). The recruitment of the ancestral ToxR protein into the virulence regulatory cascade involving recently acquired elements ties porin regulation to pathogenesis. We suggest that the contribution of ...

1.B.8 The Mitochondrial and Plastid Porin (MPP) Family Porins of the MPP family are found in eukaryotic organelles. The organelles include mitochondria of many eukaryotes as well as chloroplasts and plastids of plants. The best characterized members of the MPP family are the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) porins in the mitochondrial outer membrane. These porins have an estimated channel diameter of 2.5-3 nm. Topological models have been proposed in which VDAC consists of an N-terminal, globular α-helix and (1) 12 or 13 β-strands, (2) 16 β-strands or (3) 19 β-strands (now favored; see below) (Casadio et al., 2002). VDAC also appears to be present in plasma membranes (De Pinto et al., 2010). Prostacyclin receptor-mediated ATP release from ethrocytes requires VDAC (Sridharan et al., 2011). Phylogenetic analyses of eukaryotic VDAC proteins from diverse organisms have been reported (Wojtkowska et al. 2012). Over-oxidation of cysteines and succinylation of cysteines in VDACs has ...

Ertapenem is a potent carbapenem antibiotic for most clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a typical MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited of 0.03 to 0.06 μg/ml (6, 9), but occasional strains for which the MICs are ≥16 μg/ml have been detected (6, 7). In one such strain resistance was dependent on the presence of the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) SHV-2 and additional host events presumably affecting ertapenem permeativity (7). Further studies were undertaken to elucidate the contribution of β-lactamase and host mutation to such exceptional resistance.. The K. pneumoniae strain for which the ertapenem MIC was 16 μg/ml was treated with ethidium bromide to cure the resident plasmid. The ertapenem MIC for the resulting strain, C2, was still elevated at l μg/ml, and the strain was found to be defective in expression of outer membrane porins OmpK35 and OmpK36 (10). To evaluate the influence of different β-lactamases on the ertapenem ...

Our results provide some important confirmation of theories regarding OprF structure and function. We have demonstrated that residues in the C-terminal domain of OprF are required for strong peptidoglycan association, as previously proposed (9). Expression of our truncated OprF mutants in E. coli orP. aeruginosa suggests that the first 154 to 163 aa of OprF are needed to produce a stable protein. This possibility is in strong agreement with the proposal that the first 160 aa of OprF form a β-barrel structure and suggests that residues critical to proper conformation of this domain are present between aa 154 and 163. The residues between aa 150 and 160 conform to the consensus sequence of the 16th C-terminal β strand of the porin superfamily (21, 22). Studies of other porins, such as E. coli PhoE, suggest that a phenylalanine residue in this terminal strand (equivalent to OprF residue 160) is critical for protein stability and proper folding (8). Our results may thus reflect deletion of such a ...

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Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are highly regulated large-pore channel-forming proteins that participate in cellular communication via small molecular exchange with the extracellular microenvironment, or in the case of connexins, directly between cells. in Cx40?/? mice was further exaggerated in double knockout mice. Thus, while gestation and gross development were conserved in Cx40?/?Panx1?/? mice, they exhibit cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, and impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation that phenocopies Cx40?/? mice. Nevertheless, the augmented renin homeostasis observed in the double knockout mice suggests that both Cx40 and Panx1 may play an integrative role. [3C5]. Conversely, the most well-understood pannexin, pannexin1 (Panx1), has been demonstrated to form large-pore membrane channels, which facilitate autocrine/paracrine-mediated signaling via the release of purine nucleotides, most notably ATP [6]. Within the mammalian cardiovascular system (cardiac tissue and peripheral ...

As we compare the condition of the world to-day with its condition at any former period, we find a marked differ- ence in the sentiments of the masses. The spirit of inde- pendence is now abroad, and men are not so easily blind- folded, deceived and led by rulers and politicians, and therefore they will not submit to the yokes of former days. This change of public sentiment has not been a gradual one from the very beginning of mans effort to govern L t pi- self, but clearly marked only as far back as the sixteenth century ; and its progress has been most rapid within the last fifty years. This change, therefore, is not the result of the experience of past ages, but is the natural result of the recent increase and general diffusion of knowledge among the masses of mankind. The preparation for this general diffusion of knowledge began with the invention of printing, about 1440 A. D., and the consequent multiplica- tion of books and news periodicals. The influence of this invention in the general ...

2017. Trebosc, V. et al. Reversion of Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium tubercolosis by spiroisoxazoline SMARt-420″. Science 2017. Mar 2017 Vol. 355, Issue 6330, pp. 1206-1211 doi: 10.1126/science.aag1006. A. Gilardi, S.P. Bhamidimarri, M. Broenstrup, U. Bilitewski, R.K.R. Marreddy, K.M. Pos, L. Benier, P. Gribbon, M. Winterhalter, B. Windshuegel. Biophysical characterization of E. coli TolC interaction with the known blocker hexaamminecobalt.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017 Nov;1861(11 Pt A):2702-2709. Epub 2017 Jul 23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.014. Ramaswamy, V. K., Vargiu, A.V., Malloci, G., Dreier, J. G., & Ruggerone, P. Molecular rationale behind the differential substrate specificity of bacterial RND multi-drug transporters. Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 8075(2017) doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08747-8. Harsha Bajaj, Silvia Acosta-Gutiérrez, Igor Bodrenko, Giuliano Malloci, Mariano Andrea Scorciapino, Mathias Winterhalter and Matteo Ceccarelli. Bacterial Outer Membrane Porins ...

Molecular dynamics simulations by Department of Biochemistrys Dr Phillip Stansfeld, in the lab of Professor Mark Sansom, have helped to reveal how bacteria construct a barrier against antibiotics and the bodys immune system.

The asymmetric outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is formed of the inner leaflet with phospholipids and the outer leaflet with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Outer membrane protein F (OmpF) is a trimeric porin responsible for the passive transport of small molecules across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Here, we report the impact of different levels of heterogeneity in LPS environments on the structure and dynamics of OmpF using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations provide insight into the flexibility and dynamics of LPS components that are highly dependent on local environments, with lipid A being the most rigid and O-antigen being the most flexible. Increased flexibility of O-antigen polysaccharides is observed in heterogeneous LPS systems, where the adjacent O-antigen repeating units are weakly interacting and thus more dynamic, compared to homogeneous LPS systems in which LPS interacts strongly with each other with limited overall flexibility due to dense ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause chronic and often life-threatening infections of the respiratory tract, particularly in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Because infections with P. aeruginosa remain the major cause of the high morbidity and mortality of CF, a vaccine against P. aeruginosa would be very useful for preventing this disorder. The outer membrane protein F (OprF) of P. aeruginosa is a promising vaccine candidate and various B cell epitopes within OprF have been identified. Given that adenovirus (Ad) vectors have strong immunogenic potential and can function as adjuvants for genetic vaccines, the present study evaluates the immunogenic and protective properties of a novel replication-deficient Ad vector in which the Ad hexon protein was modified to include a 14-amino acid epitope of P. aeruginosa OprF (Epi8) in loop 1 of the hypervariable region 5 of the hexon (AdZ.Epi8). Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with AdZ.Epi8 resulted in detectable ...

Dispensable loops shield the functionally-important extracellular loops of the essential Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane protein LptD from antibody interference.

Anand A, LeDoyt M, Karanian C, Luthra A, Koszelak-Rosenblum M, Malkowski MG, Puthenveetil R, Vinogradova O, Radolf JD. Bipartite Topology of Treponema pallidum Repeat Proteins C/D and I: OUTER MEMBRANE INSERTION, TRIMERIZATION, AND PORIN FUNCTION REQUIRE A C-TERMINAL ß-BARREL DOMAIN. J Biol Chem. 2015 May 08; 290(19):12313-31 ...

In biochemistry, a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. A homo-trimer would be formed by three identical molecules. A hetero-trimer would be formed by three different macromolecules. Type II Collagen is an example of homo-trimeric protein. Porins usually arrange themselves in membranes as trimers. ...

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A - Tilt: 3° - Segments: 1( 6- 16), 2( 31- 39), 3( 43- 50), 4( 68- 78), 5( 85- 92), 6( 111- 120), 7( 128- 136), 8( 151- 160), 9( 167- 174), 10( 192- 201), 11( 204- 214), 12( 223- 230), 13( 237- 244), 14( 259- 268 ...

A - Tilt: 5° - Segments: 1( 6- 16), 2( 31- 41), 3( 42- 50), 4( 68- 78), 5( 84- 92), 6( 111- 122), 7( 127- 135), 8( 151- 161), 9( 166- 173), 10( 192- 200), 11( 204- 212), 12( 234- 244), 13( 247- 256), 14( 271- 279 ...

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Phlogenzym je obvykle dobre znášaný, ani pri dlhodobom užívaní vysokých dávok neboli pozorované nežiaduce účinky. Pôsobením enzýmov môžu nastať neškodné zmeny farby, pachu a konzistencie stolice. Počas užívania vyšších jednorázových dávok sa môžu objaviť pocity plnosti, nafukovania a výnimočne pocit nevoľnosti. Tomu sa dá zabrániť rozdelením dávky na viacero dávok v priebehu dňa. Ak tieto príznaky aj po znížení dávky pretrvávajú, poraďte sa s lekárom. Zriedka pozorované alergické reakcie (kožná vyrážka) odoznejú po vysadení lieku. Pri ich prípadnom výskyte prerušte užívanie Phlogenzymu a poraďte sa s lekárom. Zriedkavými nežiaducimi účinkami sú: bolesť hlavy, pocit hladu a zvýšená potivosť. S lekárom sa o ďalšom užívaní Phlogenzymu poraďte aj v prípade výskytu akýchkoľvek neobvyklých reakcií ...

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Forms a channel through the cell membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules (By similarity). Plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial morphology (PubMed:25190516).

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

OprF is a major outer membrane protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a homolog of OmpA from Escherichia coli. The N-terminal domains of both proteins have been demonstrated to form low conductance channels in lipid bilayers. Homology models, consisting of an eight-stranded beta-barrel, of the N-terminal domain OprF have been constructed based on the crystal structure of the corresponding domain from E. coli OmpA. OprF homology models have been evaluated via a set (6 x 10 ns) of simulations of the beta-barrel embedded within a solvated dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer. The conformational stability of the models is similar to that of the crystal structure of OmpA in comparable simulations. There is a degree of water penetration into the pore-like center of the OprF barrel. The presence of an acidic/basic (E8/K121) side-chain interaction within the OprF barrel may form a gate able to close/open a central pore. Lipid-protein interactions within the simulations were analyzed and revealed that

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. This protein is reported to interact with, and increase the opening of, the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which leads to the loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. The expression of this gene is regulated by the tumor suppressor P53 and has been shown to be involved in P53-mediated apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been reported for this gene. Product Name ...

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. This protein is reported to interact with, and increase the opening of, the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which leads to the loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. The expression of this gene is regulated by the tumor suppressor P53 and has been shown to be involved in P53-mediated apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been reported for this gene. Product Name ...

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form oligomers or heterodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein localizes to mitochondria, and functions to induce apoptosis. It interacts with and accelerates the opening of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, which leads to a loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. This protein also interacts with the tumor suppressor P53 after exposure to cell stress. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] ...

Genome analysis identified a large number of genes that would enable utilization of dilute carbon sources and provides a comprehensive picture of the strategies used by C. crescentus for survival in nutrient-limiting conditions. Unlike E. coli and Vibrio cholerae, C. crescentus has no OmpF-type outer membrane porins that allow the passive diffusion of hydrophilic substrates across the outer membrane. However, it does possess 65 members of the family of TonB-dependent outer membrane channels that catalyze energy-dependent transport across the outer membrane. This is more than any other organism thus far characterized, with the next highest being 34 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32), and with no other sequenced proteobacteria possessing more than 10. C. crescentus has substantially fewer cytoplasmic membrane transporters relative to genome size than either E. coli or V. cholerae (33). Given C. crescentus low nutrient habitat, it is surprising that PTS or ATP-binding cassette domain transporters, ...

Sugar permeation through maltoporin of Escherichia coli, a trimer protein that facilitates maltodextrin translocation across outer bacterial membranes, was investigated at the single channel level. For large sugars, such as maltohexaose, elementary e

Khandelwal and colleagues succeeded in identifying the insecticidal factor. The active component was found in a large complex normally associated with the bacterial outer membrane, and was also present in or on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from the bacterial surface, says Khandelwal. They then searched through OMV components and identified a small (17 kDa) toxic protein. When purified, this protein was toxic to cultured larval cells and directly killed H. armigera larvae. Gene cloning and sequencing showed this protein is related to a class of bacterial outer membrane proteins that form protrusions, called pili or fimbriae, which often help bacteria attach to host cells during infection. Similar to pili proteins, the purified 17 kDa protein self-associated to form oligomers, each of which was connected to the next by a strand. Most importantly, the recombinant 17 kDa protein killed H. armigera larvae, demonstrating its potential as a biological control agent in a world desperately in ...

An axial flow staged zone oligomerization reaction process includes the steps of passing a hydrocarbon feedstock into the lower portion of the axial flow staged zone reactor which includes axial circulation of the hydrocarbon reaction fluid serially in each of the reaction zones, passing catalyst through a constriction zone located between successive upper and lower catalytic reaction zones which includes heat exchanging of the fluids being the constriction zone within the reactor and further includes withdrawing the oligomerized product from the top of the reactor.

Introduction. The marA, soxS, ramA, acrB and ompF genes have been studied in order to characterize mechanisms of AcrAB-TolC active efflux pumps and membrane permeability alterations that reduce fluoroquinolones susceptibility in Salmonella spp. Methods. Mutations in marA, soxS, ramA, acrB and ompF genes were detected, as well as their expression levels in presence and absence of ciprofloxacin, calculating the level of change between them by qPCR. Data were analysed by using SPSS 19.0. Results. No mutations in these genes were found, but both AcrAB-TolC regulatory genes and structural acrB gene expression were affected by ciprofloxacin in both mutant strains and wild type bacterial strains (WT ...

Using mathematical models that combine population genetic and epidemiological processes, we resolve the paradox that many important pathogens appear to persist as discrete strains despite the constant exchange of genetic material. We show that dominant polymorphic determinants (that is, those that elicit the most effective immune responses) will be organized into nonoverlapping combinations as a result of selection by the host immune system, thereby defining a set of discrete independently transmitted strains. By analysing 222 isolates of Neisseria meningitidis, we show that two highly polymorphic epitopes of the outer membrane protein PorA exist in nonoverlapping combinations as predicted by this general framework. The model indicates that dominant polymorphic determinants will be in linkage disequilibrium, despite frequent genetic exchange, even though they may be encoded by several unlinked genes. This suggests that the detection of nonrandom associations between epitope regions can be employed as a

TY - JOUR. T1 - The effect of altered porin expression in Escherichia coli upon susceptibility to 4-quinolones. AU - Piddock, L J. AU - Wise, R. PY - 1986/10. Y1 - 1986/10. KW - Bacterial Proteins. KW - Escherichia coli. KW - Gene Expression Regulation. KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests. KW - Quinolines. M3 - Article. C2 - 3533892. VL - 18. SP - 547. EP - 549. JO - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. SN - 0305-7453. IS - 4. ER - ...

Simple and facilitated diffusion: Diffusion of molecules or ions through a membrane is of two types - simple and facilitated. The simple diffusion refers to the type of transfer in which the diffusing molecules or ions do not combine with the constituents of the membrane. For example, gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide etc., and water molecules diffuse readily through gas created by the random movement of fatty acyl chain of lipids. The facilitated diffusion is the movement through the membrane with the help of certain transport proteins. Membranes have several such proteins which facilitate the diffusion of solutes (Cl-, HCO3- etc.) Plasma membranes of some organisms have protein pores called, porins which are water-filled transmembrane channels.. ...

Import of porin is inhibited into tom40 mutant mitochondria. (A) Radiolabeled porin precursor (10 μl reticulocyte lysate per lane) was incubated with isolated

The expression of the clpP gene, and probably the expression of the complete clpPX operon that codes for a protease, is affected by antibiotic pressure. As the antibiotic (tetracycline) concentration increases, the gene expression also increases. The role of the induced protease could be the degradation of porins to protect the cell against the antibiotic ,CITS: [17426813],. ...

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Aspirin induces apoptotic cell death in various cancer cell lines. Here we showed that silencing of VDAC1 protected HeLa cells from aspirin-induced cell death. Compared to the wild type cells, VDAC1 knocked down cells showed lesser change of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), upon aspirin treatment. Aspirin augmented ATP and ionomycin-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake which was abolished in VDAC1 knocked down cells. Aspirin dissociated bound hexokinase II (HK-II) from mitochondria. Further, aspirin promoted the closure of recombinant human VDAC1, reconstituted in planar lipid bilayer. Taken together, these results imply that VDAC1 serves as a novel target for aspirin. Modulation of VDAC1 is possibly associated with the cell death and anticancer effects of aspirin.

Mapping the Laminin Receptor Binding Domains of Neisseria meningitidis PorA and Haemophilus influenzae OmpP2. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major bacterial agents of meningitis. They each bind the 37/67-kDa laminin receptor (LamR) via the surface protein adhesins: meningococcal PilQ and PorA, H. influenzae OmpP2 and pneumococcal CbpA. We have previously reported that a surface-exposed loop of the R2 domain of CbpA mediates LamR-binding. Here we have identified the LamR-binding regions of PorA and OmpP2. Using truncated recombinant proteins we show that binding is dependent on amino acids 171-240 and 91-99 of PorA and OmpP2, respectively, which are predicted to localize to the fourth and second surface-exposed loops, respectively, of these proteins. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the loops bound LamR and could block LamR-binding to bacterial ligands in a dose dependant manner. Meningococci expressing PorA lacking the apex of loop 4 and H. influenzae expressing OmpP2 lacking the apex of loop 2 showed significantly reduced LamR binding. Since both ...

Corynebacterium jeikeium, a resident of human skin, is often associated with multidrug resistant nosocomial infections in immunodepressed patients. C. jeikeium K411 belongs to mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes, the mycolata and contains a channel-forming protein as judged from reconstitution experiments with artificial lipid bilayer experiments. The channel-forming protein was present in detergent treated cell walls and in extracts of whole cells using organic solvents. A gene coding for a 40 amino acid long polypeptide possibly responsible for the pore-forming activity was identified in the known genome of C. jeikeium by its similar chromosomal localization to known porH and porA genes of other Corynebacterium strains. The gene jk0268 was expressed in a porin deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum strain. For purification temporarily histidine-tailed or with a GST-tag at the N-terminus, the homogeneous protein caused channel-forming activity with an average conductance of 1.25 nS in 1M KCl ...

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the phytopathogen that causes black rot in crucifers. The xanthan polysaccharide and extracellular enzymes produced by this organism are virulence factors, the expression of which is upregulated by Clp (CRP-like protein) and DSF (diffusible signal factor), which is synthesized by RpfF. It is also known that biofilm formation/dispersal, regulated by the effect of controlled synthesis of DSF on cell-cell signalling, is required for virulence. Furthermore, a deficiency in DSF causes cell aggregation with concomitant production of a gum-like substance that can be dispersed by addition of DSF or digested by exogenous endo-β-1,4-mannanase expressed by Xcc. In this study, Western blotting of proteins from a mopB mutant (XcMopB) showed Xcc MopB to be the major outer-membrane protein (OMP); Xcc MopB shared over 97 % identity with homologues from other members of Xanthomonas. Similarly to the rpfF mutant, XcMopB formed aggregates with simultaneous production of a

TY - JOUR. T1 - The arabidopsis voltage-dependent anion channel 2 is required for plant growth. AU - Tateda, Chika. AU - Kusano, Tomonobu. AU - Takahashi, Yoshihiro. N1 - Funding Information: We thank Masahiro Yano for providing vectors and Thomas Berberich for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to CT (21-6801).. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - The voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), known as a major group of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins, are present in all eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, they have been established as a key player in mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis regulation. By contrast, little is known about the function of plant VDACs. Recently, we performed functional analysis of all VDAC gene members in Arabidopsis thaliana, and revealed that each AtVDAC member has a specialized function. Especially, in spite of similar subcellular localization and expression profiling ...

The fucose binding lectin LecB affects biofilm formation and is involved in pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LecB resides in the outer membrane and can be released specifically by treatment of an outer membrane fraction with fucose suggesting that it binds to specific ligands. Here, we report that LecB binds to the outer membrane protein OprF. In an OprF-deficient P. aeruginosa mutant, LecB is no longer detectable in the membrane but instead in the culture supernatant indicating a specific interaction between LecB and OprF.

Several properties of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins were analyzed to define related proteins in various isolates. H. influenzae type b 760705 had six major outer membrane proteins with the following characteristics. Protein a (Mr, 47,000) demonstrated heat modifiability in sodium dodecyl sulfate; its apparent molecular weight was 34,000 at temperatures below 60 degrees C. This protein was extracted from cell envelopes by using Triton X-100-10 mM MgCl2; in cell envelope preparations, the protein was degraded by trypsin. Proteins b (Mr, 41,000) and c (Mr, 40,000) were insensitive to trypsin degradation, were not heat modifiable in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and were peptidoglycan associated in 0.5% Triton X-100-0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of protein b was reduced in ultrasonically obtained cell envelopes. Protein d (Mr, 37,000) was heat modifiable in sodium dodecyl sulfate with an Mr of 28,000 at temperatures below 100 degrees C and was degraded by trypsin, leaving a ...

Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred as antisense transcript, natural antisense transcript (NAT) or antisense oligonucleotide, is a single stranded RNA that is complementary to a protein coding messenger RNA (mRNA) that hybridize with it and thereby blocks its translation into protein. asRNAs occur naturally in nature and have been found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and belongs to a subtype of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is larger than 200 nucleotides. The primary function of asRNA is regulating gene expression. asRNAs may also be produced synthetically and have found wide spread use as research tools for gene knockdown. They may also have therapeutic applications. Some of the earliest asRNAs were discovered while investigating functional proteins. An example was micF asRNA. While characterizing the outer membrane porin ompC in E.coli, some of the ompC promoter clones observed were capable of repressing the expression of other membrane porin such as ompF. The region responsible for ...

Cloning and characterization of the major outer membrane protein gene (ompH) of Pasteurella multocida X-73.: The major outer membrane protein (OmpH) of Pasteure

The channel-forming protein called VDAC forms the major pathway in the mitochondrial outer membrane and controls metabolite flux across that membrane. The different VDAC isoforms of a species may play different roles in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. The mouse has three VDAC isoforms (VD …

The susceptibility of the E. coli B strain to a variety of stressful conditions and antibiotics revealed by PM tests (Figure S3 in Additional file 1) can be explained by several observations (Figure 5). First, differences in the composition of the LPS core and expression of outer membrane proteins may influence the permeability and integrity of the cell envelope. B strains produce more OmpF porin than K-12 strains because the B genome lacks micF, which post-transcriptionally prevents production of OmpF [24]. This is further supported by the transcriptome data showing high levels of ompF expression in the B strain and high expression of ompC and ompA in the K-12 strain (Figure 4). These observations were also consistent with results of proteome analysis of the outer membrane fractions (Figure S2B in Additional file 1). Noxious agents such as antibiotics and bile acids diffuse more easily through OmpF than OmpC because the former produces a channel with a larger pore size [25]. Second, synthesis ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pore-forming proteins and adaptation of living organisms to environmental conditions. AU - Andreeva-Kovalevskaya, Zh I.. AU - Solonin, A. S.. AU - Sineva, E. V.. AU - Ternovsky, V. I.. PY - 2008/12/1. Y1 - 2008/12/1. N2 - Pore-forming proteins are powerful tools for adaptation of living organisms to environmental conditions. A wide range of these proteins isolated from various sources, from viruses to mammals, has been used for the analysis of their role in the processes of intra- and inter-species competition, defense, attack, and signaling. Here we review a large number of pore-forming proteins from the perspective of their functions, structures, and mechanisms of membrane penetration. Various mechanisms of cell damage, executed by these proteins in the course of formation of a pore and after its passing to conducting state, have been considered: endo- and exocytosis, lysis, necrosis, apoptosis, etc. The role of pore-forming proteins in evolution is discussed. The relevance ...

Nair, S A and Rathinavelan, Thenmalarchelvi (2015) Bidirectional water conductivity of E.coli outer membrane lectin(Wzi) is regulated by surface aromatic residues and luminal hydrophobic plug. In: National Symposium on Biophysics and Golden Jubilee Meeting of Indian Biophysical Society, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, 14-17 February 2015, New Delhi, India. Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy ...

The periplasm (the space between the inner and outer membranes of bacteria) is the site of activation of the periplasmic stress response. Like the cytosolic stress response and the eukaryotic endoplasmic and cytosolic stress responses, unfolded proteins trigger a transcriptional activation profile that allows cells to produce more chaperones and protein-folding agents (see Young and Hartl). Although, the periplasmic stress response is fairly well characterized, the sensor that initiates the process has remained elusive. The response consists of activation of the protease DegS, which cleaves transmembrane protein RseA, which then releases the transcription factor σE to allow the activation of stress response genes. Walsh et al. show that DegS is inhibited by its PDZ domain and that binding of the PDZ domain toYQF motifs of outer membrane protein porins activates the protease. Bacteria expressing DegS lacking the PDZ domain showed increased σE activity. Using an oriented peptide library, a ...

Mitochondria originated from Gram-negative bacteria through endosymbiosis. In modern day mitochondria, the Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) is res

Our Ionotec product line offers instrumentation, consumables, and services centered around membrane biophysics with two options for the automated, reproducible, and hence routine oriented generation of lipid bilayers for the analysis of biomembrane related phenomena. The Ionovation Scout is our second generation of automated bilayer instruments and picks up the traditional concept of an artificial biomembrane spanned vertically between two individually accessible compartments for electrophysiological measurements. And, with its automation and range of consumables, it turns bilayer experiments on reconstituted membrane proteins into a routine technique no longer reserved to the expert.. The Ionovation Explorer has taken the lipid bilayer or BLM concept to a new level of scientific insights. With its unique horizontal bilayer design, dual perfusion and even temperature control option it makes the membrane easily accessible for advanced microscopic analyses and opens novel experimental options to ...

Download Free Full-Text of an article EXTRACTION OF THE OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS OF H. PYLORI AND EVALUATION OF THEIR PRESENCE IN STOOL OF THE INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

I arrived in Armidale in 1961 to start my graduate work with you. At that time, there were a number of visitors and they were exciting times. Do you have any memories of those visitors?. One of the first was John Agar who had been my supervisor in Cambridge. He was very interested in something Id recently discovered. I hadnt discovered it, but I had discovered one of its unexpected effects. That was that the Soret effect of thermal diffusion, in which John was very interested. It could be responsible for quite significant errors in conductance measurements, unless you knew about it. There was a paper on the Soret effect which I think has affected some peoples way of doing conductance measurements.. We got ideas from a lot of people. Loren Hepler, I remember particularly. Jean, Loren and I set up a system for measuring changes of volume on mixing dilute electrolytes with water. This sounds like a fairly boring thing to do but, in fact, its got a lot of theoretical interest. One needs to work ...

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