To be able to predict antibiotic resistance in bacteria from fast label-free microscopic observations would benefit a broad range of applications in the biological and biomedical fields. Here, we demonstrate the utility of label-free Raman spectroscopy in monitoring the type of resistance and the mode of action of acquired resistance in a bacterial population of Escherichia coli, in the absence of antibiotics. Our findings are reproducible. Moreover, we identified spectral regions that best predicted the modes of action and explored whether the Raman signatures could be linked to the genetic basis of acquired resistance. Spectral peak intensities significantly correlated (False Discovery Rate, p | 0.05) with the gene expression of some genes contributing to antibiotic resistance genes. These results suggest that the acquisition of antibiotic resistance leads to broad metabolic effects reflected through Raman spectral signatures and gene expression changes, hinting at a possible relation between these

Viruses can inadvertently announce their presence by displaying tell-tale patterns-often in the form of their own double-stranded (ds) RNA-and hosts have evolved a panoply of intracellular factors to detect and decode these signals and to set in motion a cascade of antiviral responses. Recently two pattern recognition receptors, RIG-1 and MDA-5, were found to act as RNA helicases and signaling adaptor proteins.. Kato et al. and Gitlin et al. show that RIG-1 and MDA-5 are distinct in their tastes for viral dsRNAs. Thus, mice lacking the MDA5 gene lost the ability to generate a type I interferon response to the dsRNA analog polyinosinic acid: polycytidylic acid [poly(I):poly(C)] and were more susceptible to infection with picornavirus. Kato et al. further compared this MDA5-dependent response with what happened in mice deficient in RIG-1 and found a requirement for RIG-1 in generating immunity to other dsRNA viruses, such as influenza and paramyxoviruses. With further antiviral dsRNA detectors ...

New Technology for IR and Raman Spectral Identification Broadcast on December 2, 2014 This webinar is now available on-demand. If you have already registered for this event, please login using the link provided in your registration confirmation email. Register now Scientists using spectroscopy to identify unknown compounds need the right answers,...

CRAIC Technologies, leading innovator in the field of optical microanalysis, is proud to now offer searchable databases of Raman spectra for use with CRAIC Technologys Spectral Database Software and the state-of-the-art Apollo™ Raman microspectrometer . With the largest database containing over eight thousand Raman spectra, spectral data may be searched as well as compared with data acquired with the Apollo™ Raman microspectrometer. Sub-sets of the entire Raman database are also offered

Soon youll be able to find food that ticks all the right boxes!Lets face it, choosing healthy, sustainable and ethical food products without blowing the budget is hard work. Even the most dedicated of us can get fed up trying to make sense of what is (and isnt) on the labels. But for many people with food allergies and intolerances, its the difference between sickness and health. Or worse, life and death!

TY - JOUR. T1 - Photoinitiated electron transfer dynamics of a terthiophene carboxylate on monodispersed zinc oxide nanocrystals. AU - Huss, Adam S.. AU - Rossini, Julia E.. AU - Ceckanowicz, Darren J.. AU - Bohnsack, Jon N.. AU - Mann, Kent R.. AU - Gladfelter, Wayne L.. AU - Blank, David A.. PY - 2011/1/13. Y1 - 2011/1/13. N2 - Photophysical data for solution phase mixtures of a new terthiophene based organic dye, 3′,4′-dibutyl-2-phenyl-2,2″:5′,2″- terthiophene-5″-carboxylic acid, and size selected, well-dispersed zinc oxide nanocrystals are reported. Time-resolved fluorescence and time- and frequency-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy confirm and characterize electron injection from the dye to the semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in room temperature ethanol dispersions at a series of dye:ZnO NC concentration ratios. The spectrum of the oxidized dye was determined by spectroelectrochemistry. The singlet excited state of the dye (190 ps lifetime in ethanol) is quenched almost ...

Dive into the research topics of Single-Cell Raman spectral profiles of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 reflects in vitro and in planta metabolic history. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis represent a complex interaction between the skin and infiltrating immune cells, resulting in damage to the skin barrier and increased inflammation. Polymorphisms in PHF11 have been associated with dermatitis and allergy and PHF11 regulates the transcription of T-cell cytokines as well as class switching to IgE in activated B-cells. The importance of skin barrier homeostasis in the context of inflammatory skin diseases, together with reports identifying PHF11 as an interferon-induced gene, have led us to examine its role in the innate immune response of keratinocytes. We developed a cell culture model that allowed us to analyze the effects of the double-stranded RNA analogue poly(I:C) on a confluent cell monolayer immediately after a 24-h treatment, as well as three days after withdrawal of treatment. Immediately after treatment with poly(I:C), PHF11, IL8, and interferon-dependent ISG15 RNA expression was increased. This was accompanied

Synthetic double-stranded ribopolynucleotides are inducers of interferon, a protein which increases the resistance of cells to virus attack.. This work describes the synthesis of poly (halogenated ribocytidylic acids) and their complex formation with both riboinosinic acid and deoxyriboinosinic acid. The RNA/RNA hybrids are potent interferon inducers with high thermal and nucleolytic stability, the DNA/RNA hybrids are, however, completely inactive . as inducers of interferon.. The synthesis and physical properties of poly (5-hydroxycytidylic . acid) are discussed. In basic solution this polymer undergoes a conformational change and can also bind magnesium ions in an unusual manner. The polymer does not hybridise with polyinosinic acid.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Crystal Structure of an RNA Quadruplex Containing Inosine Tetrad. T2 - Implications for the Roles of NH2 Group in Purine Tetrads. AU - Pan, Baocheng. AU - Shi, Ke. AU - Sundaralingam, Muttaiya. PY - 2006/10/20. Y1 - 2006/10/20. N2 - Polyinosinic acid has been known to adopt the four-stranded helical structure but its basic unit, inosine tetrad (I tetrad), has not been determined at the atomic level. Here we report the crystal structure of an RNA quadruplex containing an I tetrad at 1.4 Å resolution. The I tetrad has one cyclic hydrogen bond N1...O6 with the bond length of 2.7 Å. A water bridge is observed in the minor groove side of the base tetrad. Even though it is sandwiched by guanine tetrads (G tetrads), the I tetrad is buckled towards the 3′ side of the tetrad plane, which results from the different interaction strength with K ions on two sides of the tetrad plane. Comparison with both G tetrad and adenine tetrad indicates that lack of NH2 in the C2 position makes the I ...

The role of inflammation in the progression of neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. We have shown that systemic bacterial insults accelerate disease progression in animals and in patients with Alzheimers disease. Disease exacerbation is associated with exaggerated CNS inflammatory responses to systemic inflammation mediated by microglia that become primed by the underlying neurodegeneration. The impact of systemic viral insults on existing neurodegenerative disease has not been investigated. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) is a toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) agonist and induces type I interferons, thus mimicking inflammatory responses to systemic viral infection. In the current study we hypothesized that systemic challenge with poly I:C, during chronic neurodegenerative disease, would amplify CNS inflammation and exacerbate disease. Using the ME7 model of prion disease and systemic challenge with poly I:C (12 mg/kg i.p.) we have shown an amplified expression of IFN-alpha and ...

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the capability of a miniaturized Raman endoscope (mRE) system to monitor the advancement of colorectal tumors in model mice as a method that is noninvasive to the tumor itself. Nevertheless, the endoscope is narrow enough to observe the inside of the mouse colon in such a way that is semi-noninvasive to the animal. However, the mRE system allowed the visualization and Raman spectral measurement of any targeted point within the colorectal tumor in model mice under anesthesia, without damaging the tissue (i.e., noninvasively). Continuous monitoring of the same tumor allowed the observation of alterations in its molecular composition and size, along with its advancement. The tumor lesion was discriminated from normal tissues of the control mouse with an accuracy of 86.8%. We succeeded in visualizing and performing Raman spectral observations on a shrinking polyp type tumor. The Raman analysis suggested that it was not cured but supposedly transformed to another

The great capability of the label-free classification of tissue via vibrational spectroscopy, like Raman or infrared imaging, is shown in numerous publications (review: Diem et al., J. Biophotonics, 2013, 6, 855-886). Herein, we present a new approach, virtual staining, that improves the Raman spectral histo Optical Diagnosis

Comparative observations of fever and associated clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes after parenteral administration of poly I: poly C, inter

Ex immunoassay to measure 51 cytokines in the Nil tube of whole blood QFT-GIT from four healthy and four infected donors in the presence or absence of poly(I:C)

Infection with the dengue virus is currently clinically detected according to different biomarkers in human blood plasma, commonly measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, including non-structural proteins (Ns1), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, there is little or no mutual correlation between the biomarkers, as demonstrated in this study by a comparison of their levels in samples from 17 patients. As an alternative, the label free, rapid screening technique, Raman spectroscopy has been used for the characterisation/diagnosis of healthy and dengue infected human blood plasma samples. In dengue positive samples, changes in specific Raman spectral bands associated with lipidic and amino acid/protein content are observed and assigned based on literature and these features can be considered as markers associated with dengue development. Based on the spectroscopic analysis of the current, albeit limited, cohort of samples, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) coupled

Generation and analysis of Hprt-targeted transgenic mice. Hprt-targeted ES cells containing the DSCR-1-lacZ transgene were used to generate chimeric mice as previously described (26). Chimeric males were bred to C57BL/6J females to obtain agouti offspring. Female agouti offspring were then bred to wild-type males to generate hemizygous male mice. Analysis of embryos and hemizygous adult male tissues was carried out as previously described (26, 28). The level and pattern of transgene expression were compared with those of the littermate negative control (same genetic background) mice. All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at the University of Tokyo and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Materials and cell culture. Human and murine VEGF were obtained from R&D Systems. Thrombin and CsA were obtained from Calbiochem. LPS and polyinosinic acid potassium salt [poly(I)] were from Sigma-Aldrich. Antibodies against PECAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and Mac1 ...

Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Could also have a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity and could play a role in RNA and/or DNA metabolism. It may also have a role in the development of malignancy and the growth progression of some tumors ...

Fitness-Mads Resistance Tubes are made from a multi-stranded rubber core with a protective nylon covering, which prevents the possibility of a sudden tube

Scavenger receptors are important components of the innate immune system in the lung, allowing alveolar macrophages to bind and phagocytose numerous unopsonized targets. Mice with genetic deletions of scavenger receptors, such as SR-A and MARCO, are susceptible to infection or inflammation from inhaled pathogens or dusts. However, the signaling pathways required for scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis of unopsonized particles have not been characterized. We developed a scanning cytometry-based high-throughput assay of macrophage phagocytosis that quantitates bound and internalized unopsonized latex beads. This assay allowed the testing of a panel of signaling inhibitors which have previously been shown to target opsonin-dependent phagocytosis for their effect on unopsonized bead uptake by human in vitro-derived alveolar macrophage-like cells. The non-selective scavenger receptor inhibitor poly(I) and the actin destabilizer cytochalasin D were used to validate the assay and caused near complete

This work was to explore near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy for distinguishing tumor from normal bronchial tissue. A rapid NIR Raman system was used for tissue Raman studies. High-quality Raman spectra in the 700-1800 cm-1 range can be acquired from human bronchial tissues in vitro. Raman spectra differed significantly between normal and malignant tumor tissue, with tumors showing increased nucleic acid, tryptophan, phenylalanine signals and decreased phospholipids, proline, and valine signals than normal tissue. Raman spectral shape differences between normal and tumor tissue were also observed particularly in the spectral ranges of 1000-1100, 1200-1400, and 1500-1700 cm-1, which are related to the protein and lipid conformations and CH stretching modes in nucleic acids. The ratio of Raman intensities at 1445 cm-1 to 1655 cm-1 provided good differentiation between normal and malignant bronchial tissue, suggesting that NIR Raman spectroscopy may have a significant potential for the ...

The invention relates to methods of dynamic chemical imaging, including methods of cellular imaging. The method comprises illuminating at least a portion of a cell with substantially monochromatic light and assessing Raman-shifted light scattered from the illuminated portion at a plurality of discrete times. The Raman-shifted light can be assessed at a plurality of Raman shift (RS) values at each of the discrete times, and the RS values can be selected to be characteristic of a pre-selected component at each of the discrete times. Multivariate analysis of Raman spectral features of the images thus obtained can yield the location and chemical identity of components in the field of view. This information can be combined or overlaid with other spectral data (e.g., a visible microscopic image) obtained from the field of view.

Ideal for super chunky or multi-stranded yarns, you can swiftly knit rugs, blankets, gushy cowls and much more. Theyre a must-try for every knitter to behold as tried-and-true projects become novel, super-fast and oddly fun! Interchangeable cables are sold separately ...

Fitness-Mads Resistance Tubes are made from a multi-stranded rubber core with a protective nylon covering, which prevents the possibility of a sudden tube failure, that can occur with latex tubing.

There is a growing need for novel vaccine adjuvants that can provide safe and potent T-helper type 1 (Th1) activity. RNA-like immune response modifiers (IRMs) are candidate T-cell adjuvants that skew acquired immune responses towards a Th1 phenotype. We set out to delineate the essential signaling pathways by which the RNA-like IRMs, resiquimod (R-848) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), augment CD4+ T-helper 1 (Th1) responses. Highly purified murine conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and conventional CD4+ T-cells were co-cultured in allogeneic and MHC congenic mixed leukocyte reactions. The activation of CD4+ Th1 cells was examined utilizing cells from mice deficient in specific RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors and signaling mediators. R-848 and poly I:C stimulation of Type I interferon production and signaling in cDCs was essential but not sufficient for driving CD4+ Th1 responses. The early and rapid production of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta was equally critical for the optimal

Dermal fibroblasts from human, rhesus macaque, mouse and rat with and without dsRNA (poly I:C) stimulation (1ug/mL for 4 hours). The innate immune response - the expression programme that is initiated once a pathogen is sensed - is known to be variable among responding cells, as well as to rapidly evolve in the course of mammal evolution. To study the transcriptional divergence and cell-to-cell variability of this response, we stimulated dermal fibroblast cells from two primates (human and macaque) and two rodents (mouse and rat) with dsRNA - a mimic of viral RNA that elicits a rapid innate immune response. Subsequently, we profiled the response using bulk RNA-seq, scRNA-seq and ChIP-seq across the four species and across different time points.

Background Scavenger receptors are essential the different parts of the innate disease fighting capability in the lung, allowing alveolar macrophages to bind and phagocytose numerous unopsonized goals. receptor inhibitor poly(I) as well as the actin destabilizer cytochalasin D had been utilized to validate the assay and triggered 1204313-51-8 manufacture near comprehensive abrogation of bead binding …. Read More. ...

This is another stunning set from Julie Nordine and Ive really gotten into this type of big hole bead as they combine beautifully with multi-stranded leather cords to make great bracelets - another favourite design of mine at the moment. These also illustrate another, somewhat shocking theme that has been developing of late...a love of orange! I say shocking because I have absolutely loathed the colour since the age of about 14 when I outgrew an early adolescent passion for orange bedroom walls but had to continue living with them..! In my defense it was the early 70s and tasteful wasnt the watchword of the decade ...

A couple of weeks ago I went to my doctor for controling my f...ing Diabetes. He told me that I have to lose weight and I have to go to a sport club for exercising (outdoor is impossible now with the very cold weather). So, I checked every available club in town. They were damn expensive and I couldnt afford them. Then I found out that there is a club in the hospital too and it is just for those who work or study in here. I thought that it must be one of those clubs with a couple of dambles in a small room, but who cares, lets check that. When I went there I said just WOW! They had a very large hall with lots of machines and dambles and everything, and I with my special stupidity! just ignored that. And the membership price was just like nothing. So, I joined the club and really decided to do some exercises ...

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Post-Translational Modification (PTM) is a biological reaction which contributes to diversify the proteome. Despite many modifications with important roles in cellular activity, lysine succinylation has recently emerged as an important PTM mark. It alters the chemical structure of lysines, leading to remarkable changes in the structure and function of proteins. In contrast to the huge amount of proteins being sequenced in the post-genome era, the experimental detection of succinylated residues remains expensive, inefficient and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of computational tools for accurately predicting succinylated lysines is an urgent necessity. To date, several approaches have been proposed but their sensitivity has been reportedly poor. In this paper, we propose an approach that utilizes structural features of amino acids to improve lysine succinylation prediction. Succinylated and non-succinylated lysines were first retrieved from 670 proteins and characteristics such as ...

MSR1 antibody (macrophage scavenger receptor 1) for ELISA, FACS, ICC/IF, IHC-F, IHC-P, WB. Anti-MSR1 pAb (GTX51749) is tested in Human, Mouse, Rat samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell density can affect cholesteryl ester accumulation in the human THP-1 macrophage. AU - Rodriguez, A.. AU - Kafonek, S. D.. AU - Georgopoulos, A.. AU - Bachorik, P. S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Esterified cholesterol (EC) accumulation was induced in THP-1 macrophages after exposure to acetylated LDL (acLDL), and the extent of accumulation was dependent on cell density. EC mass was 5-fold greater in cells plated at 1.0 x 106 cells/35 mm dish compared to cells plated at density 4.0 x 106 cells/dish. In addition, [14C]oleate incorporation into EC also increased with decreasing cell number, with 4-fold greater incorporation (6 h: 177 ± 0.014 vs. 45 ± 0.001 pmol/mg cell protein, P , 0.001; 24 h: 515 ± 0.037 vs. 120 ± 0.012 pmol/mg, P , 0.001) in cells plated less densely compared to cells plated at a higher density. The rate of 125I-labeled acLDL degradation was about 2-fold greater in cells plated at the ...

Stressor and cytokine challenges provoke several common effects, and may synergistically influence behavioral and neurochemical functioning. In the present investigation, we assessed whether the effects of poly I:C would be influenced when administered on a backdrop of a psychosocial stressor. In naïve mice, poly I:C (2 mg/kg) modestly increased sickness behaviors, plasma IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 levels, but did not affect IL-1, IL-4, or IFN-γ. The viral analogue also increased plasma corticosterone levels and norepinephrine (NE) utilization within the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN) and hippocampus. However, among mice that had experienced social disruption (comprising 14 days of isolation followed by regrouping), the behavioral, IL-6, IL-10, and corticoid alterations provoked by poly I:C were markedly augmented. Moreover, following social disruption the effect of poly I:C on NE utilization was increased within the PVN, prefrontal cortex and central amygdala, as was serotonin utilization ...

The particular part of migration was measured at 0, 48, and 72 h. tumor cells. To this final end, the epithelial was analyzed by us markers E-cadherin, ZO-1, and claudin as well as the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, TWIST1, Slug, and Snail. Magnolol efficiently inhibited EMT in human being cancer of the colon cell lines by upregulating epithelial markers and downregulating mesenchymal markers. The EMT can be induced from the TGF- signaling pathway. To determine whether magnolol disrupts TGF- signaling, we analyzed several mediators of the pathway, and discovered that magnolol reduced the degrees of CGP 65015 phosphorylated (i.e., energetic) ERK, GSK3, and Smad. We conclude that magnolol blocks migration in HCT116 cells by suppressing TGF- signaling. < 0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference statistically. Result Magnolol WILL NOT Affect Apoptotic Cell Loss of life, but Suppresses the EMT in HCT116 Cells To look for the cytotoxic aftereffect of magnolol, we CGP 65015 treated ...

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Trace chemical analysis by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is made quick and easy with sample vials coated with a patented SERS-active sol-gel. A solution containing the chemical of interest is simply injected into the vial, which is placed in a Raman spectrometer sample compartment, the spectrum is recorded, and science moves forward.. The measured SER spectrum consists of a wavelength distribution of bands corresponding to molecular vibrations specific to the chemical being analyzed. This allows identification of numerous chemicals, biochemicals and pharmaceuticals. In most cases a simple calibration allows quantifying the chemicals by the intensity of the Raman spectral bands.. ...

These data establish linkage of rat genotype to a form of environmental perturbation-infection-that is potentially important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. They confirm that Iddm4 is an exceptionally strong non-MHC determinant of susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes in the rat (6,9-11). In previous studies of Iddm4, diabetes was induced by chronic treatment with poly I:C plus Treg depletion. The present data now extend the role of Iddm4 in diabetes pathogenesis to virus-induced disease expression. They also illuminate the complexity of environmental interaction with genetic susceptibility. The diabetogenic potential of Iddm4 is readily discernable in congenic rats treated with poly I:C and Treg depletion but is far less apparent in animals treated with KRV plus poly I:C unless additional BBDR genes are present. We have discovered at least one of these genes, designated Iddm20, on chromosome 17.. The Iddm20 interval (online appendix Table 3) contains at least one gene of particular ...

Macrophage scavenger receptor 1, also known as MSR1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MSR1 gene. MSR1 has also recently been designated CD204 (cluster of differentiation 204). This gene encodes the class A macrophage scavenger receptors, which include three different types (1, 2, 3) generated by alternative splicing of this gene. These receptors or isoforms are trimeric integral membrane glycoproteins and have been implicated in many macrophage-associated physiological and pathological processes including atherosclerosis, Alzheimers disease, and host defense. They were thought to be expressed macrophage-specific, but recently shown to be present on different dendritic cells classes, too. The isoforms type 1 and type 2 are functional receptors and are able to mediate the endocytosis of modified low density lipoproteins (LDLs). The isoform type 3 does not internalize modified LDL (acetyl-LDL) despite having the domain shown to mediate this function in the types 1 and 2 isoforms. It ...

Rationale: We have previously shown that innate immunity is necessary for transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to endothelial cells. A major signaling molecule involved in innate immunity is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Accordingly, we hypothesized that iNOS-generated nitric oxide (NO) might enhance transdifferentiation. Objective: To elucidate the role of NO in epigenetic plasticity during transdifferentiation. Methods and Results: We exposed the BJ fibroblasts to transdifferentiation formulation that included endothelial growth factors and innate immune activator polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC) to induce endothelial cells (iECs). Generation of iECs was associated with iNOS expression and NO elaboration. In absence of PIC, or in presence of antagonists of NFκB or iNOS activity, NO synthesis and iEC generation was reduced. Furthermore, genetic knockout (in MEFs) or siRNA knockdown (in BJ fibroblasts) of iNOS nearly abolished transdifferentiation, an effect which could be ...

A composition for delivery of a polynucleotide to mucosal, neural, or other cells, comprising a GN1-binding protein and a polynucleotide in association with the binding protein; and a method for modulating immunity comprising administering the composition to an animal and expressing the polynucleotide whereby the animal generates an immune response to the product of the polynucleotide; and a method for gene therapy comprising administering to an animal a GM1-binding protein and a functional polynucleotide and expressing the polynucleotide in the animal whereby the function of the polynucleotide confers on the animal a therapeutic effect.