Avian metapneumovirus causes acute respiratory tract infection and reductions in egg production in various avian species. We isolated and characterized an increasingly prevalent avian metapneumovirus subgroup C strain from meat-type commercial chicke
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), causes an acute, highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection of turkeys and chickens. In turkeys, the virus causes a disease known as turkey rhinotracheitis. This disease can occur from a very young age in turkeys and is characterised by snicking, rales, sneezing, nasal discharge, foaming conjunctivitis, swelling of the infraorbital sinuses and submandibular edema. Secondary adventitious agents can dramatically exacerbate the clinical signs.. ...
The domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is a large fowl, one of the two species in the genus Meleagris and the same as the wild turkey. Although turkey domestication was thought to have occurred in central Mesoamerica at least 2,000 years ago, recent research suggests a possible second domesticati
Resumo: O metapneumovírus aviário (AMPV) é o agente primário da rinotraqueíte dos perus (TRT). O AMPV pertence à família Paramyxoviridae, subfamília Pneumovirinae, gênero Metapneumovirus. Também está associado à síndrome da cabeça inchada (SHS) em galinhas e é responsável por significativas perdas econômicas em sua produção. O presente estudo foi dividido em três partes. A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu em avaliar a beta-actina, gene utilizado como controle interno das técnicas moleculares de detecção viral, das células chicken embryo related (CER). Para isso, foi realizado o sequenciamento dos amplicons gerados pelo PCR do gene da beta-actina. A beta-actina das células BHK21 e CER foram detectadas utilizando oligonucleotídeos hamster-específicos. Além disso, pela análise filogenética as células CER e BHK21 apresentaram uma alta similaridade genética (p,0.996). Estes resultados sugerem que as células CER não deveriam ser mais consideradas como células ...
we can state that the level of IgG production induced by live aMPV vaccines is not a good indicator of the degree of protection, although it may be useful for differentiating between flocks in which high pressure from the field virus persists (with high levels of seroconversion) and flocks in which the vaccine is displacing the field virus.. ...
No Thanksgiving dinner is complete without roast turkey. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that consumers cook and eat more than 45 million turkeys every Thanksgiving. Very few Americans, however, know much about the difference between their gravy-smothered poultry and the poultry that earlier generations of Americans ate to celebrate the holiday.
Family-wide molecular diagnostic assays are valuable tools for initial identification of viruses during outbreaks and to limit costs of surveillance studies. Recent discoveries of paramyxoviruses have called for such assay that is able to detect all known and unknown paramyxoviruses in one round of PCR amplification. We have developed a RT-PCR assay consisting of a single degenerate primer set, able to detect all members of the Paramyxoviridae family including all virus genera within the subfamilies Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae. Primers anneal to domain III of the polymerase gene, with the 3′ end of the reverse primer annealing to the conserved motif GDNQ, which is proposed to be the active site for nucleotide polymerization. The assay was fully optimized and was shown to indeed detect all available paramyxoviruses tested. Clinical specimens from hospitalized patients that tested positive for known paramyxoviruses in conventional assays were also detected with the novel family-wide test. A high
Maize was the staple food for prehistoric people as well as for domestic turkeys (Coltrain ., 2007; Cordell and Mc Brinn, 2012; Geib, 2011 ; Matson and
TY - JOUR. T1 - Interferencia de la vacunación simultánea contra Metapneumovirus Aviar, bronquitis infecciosa y enfermedad de Newcastle en pollos de carne. AU - Víctor Palomino, T.. AU - Icochea Darrigo, Maria Eliana. AU - John Guzmán, G.. AU - Rosa Sam, T.. AU - Alberto Manchego, S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - The study evaluated the interference in the immune protection system against Newcastle disease (ENC) caused by the vaccination against Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) in a simultaneous vaccination against ENC and Infectious Bronchitis (BI) in oneday-old broilers. Four hundred Cobb-Vantress 500 broilers were distributed into four groups. Group I vaccinated at 1-day-old against BI (H120), ENC (VG/GA) and aMPV (11/94) with revaccination at day 9 against ENC (VG/GA). Group II vaccinated at 1-day-old against BI (Ma5), ENC (C2) and aMPV (11/94) and revaccinated at day 9 against ENC (Clone 30). Group III vaccinated at 1-day-old ...
Pneumoviridae (from Greek pneumo-, lung, -viridae, virus from Latin, poison, slimy liquid) is a new virus family in the order Mononegavirales. It was created in 2016 by elevating the now dissolved paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae. Natural hosts include humans, cattle, and rodents. There are currently 5 species in the Pneumoviridae family, divided between 2 genera (Metapneumovirus and Orthopneumovirus). Pneumoviruses are pleomorphic, capable of producing spherical and filamentous enveloped virions (virus particles) that vary in size from 150 to 200 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid consisting of a protein shell and viral nucleic acids has a helical symmetry. Nucleocapsids have a diameter of 13.5 nm and a helical pitch of 6.5 nm. The genome is composed of negative-sense single-stranded RNA that is non-segmented. It is about 15kb in size, and encodes 11 proteins. A unique feature of the genome is the M2 gene, which encodes proteins M2-1 and M2-2. The Pneumoviridae M2-1 protein is distinctive, ...
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Perhaps the best understood virgin vertebrate is the common domesticated turkey. In the 1800s, reports started appearing of virgin births among chickens. Then researchers started studying similar events among turkeys, finding that these large fowl could lay unfertilised eggs that produced live young.. The baby turkeys were always male, however, which was put down to a quirk of bird genetics in which male sex chromosomes are dominant. Soon a parthenogenetic strain of the domestic turkey was developed in which most males appeared normal and reproduced successfully. ...
The Bourbon Red is a breed of domestic turkey named for its unique reddish plumage and for Bourbon County, Kentucky. The breed standard indicates mature Bourbon Red toms (males) weigh 15 kilograms (33 pounds), and mature hens (females) weigh 8.2 kilograms (18 pounds). The breed standard indicates the Bourbon Red should weigh 10.4 kilograms (23 pounds) for toms and 6.3 kilograms (14 pounds) for hens at slaughter age (28 weeks). These standard weights were published with anticipation of the potential of the Bourbon Red and when the breed was at its prime. Though there are efforts to restore and accomplish the Bourbon Red standard, today these weights are realized by few breeders and growers. Bourbon Reds have been unrefined for too long due to the lack of selective breeding to preserve the breed. However, Mature Turkeys in a breeding flock will exhibit an intense fluctuate ~30% from these published weights due to their relentless, extensive and highly instinctive breeding season with their lowest ...
In 2012, cases of lethal pneumonia among Chinese miners prompted the isolation of a rat-borne henipavirus (HNV), Mòjiāng virus (MojV). Although MojV is genetically related to highly pathogenic bat-borne henipaviruses, the absence of a conserved ephrin receptor-binding motif in the MojV attachment glycoprotein (MojV-G) indicates a differing host-cell recognition mechanism. Here we find that MojV-G displays a six-bladed β-propeller fold bearing limited similarity to known paramyxoviral attachment glycoproteins, in particular at host receptor-binding surfaces. We confirm the inability of MojV-G to interact with known paramyxoviral receptors in vitro, indicating an independence from well-characterized ephrinB2/B3, sialic acid and CD150-mediated entry pathways. Furthermore, we find that MojV-G is antigenically distinct, indicating that MojV would less likely be detected in existing large-scale serological screening studies focused on well-established HNVs. Altogether, these data indicate a unique host
Meet archaeologists who hunt for animal bones and oyster shells to piece together human stories. Plus, the tale of the domestic turkey.
Your numbers will drop even lower when you move up to the 10mg pen but I agree with you; my goal is to keep my numbers in the range for a normal person. You can easily tolerate numbers from the 60s on up but if you drop into the 50s thats too low!! With that being said, I would add the Glipizide back into the mix. I dont know how much you were taking, but a good dose to add to those numbers would be 5mg every time you take the shot...then take your blood glucose readings the same way. If you have 10mg pills, buy a pill splitter. 5 mg of Glipizide should push those post prandial numbers into the 70s and that will help bring down your overnight numbers!! If 5mg proves too much and you do drop too low(and you can usually feel this before you see it on your meter - drink orange juice)...use the pill splitter and try again. I use both the metformin and the glipizide and it works wonders to keep my blood sugar below a hundred all the time. My A1c went from above 7 to 5.4 and thats just fine with me ...
A synergistic combination of two next-generation sequencing platforms with a detailed comparative BAC physical contig map provided a cost-effective assembly of the genome sequence of the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Heterozygosity of the sequenced source genome allowed discovery of more than 600,000 high quality single nucleotide variants. Despite this heterozygosity, the current genome assembly (,1.1 Gb) includes 917 Mb of sequence assigned to specific turkey chromosomes. Annotation identified nearly 16,000 genes, with 15,093 recognized as protein coding and 611 as non-coding RNA genes. Comparative analysis of the turkey, chicken, and zebra finch genomes, and comparing avian to mammalian species, supports the characteristic stability of avian genomes and identifies genes unique to the avian lineage. Clear differences are seen in number and variety of genes of the avian immune system where expansions and novel genes are less frequent than examples of gene loss. The turkey genome ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Recent vaccine development for human metapneumovirus. AU - Ren, J.. AU - Phan, T.. AU - Bao, Xiaoyong. PY - 2015/7/1. Y1 - 2015/7/1. N2 - Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hMPV is also acommon cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and older adults. Repeated infections occur often, demonstrating a heavy medical burden. However, there is currently no hMPV-specific prevention treatment. This review focuses on the current literature on hMPV vaccine development. We believe that a better understanding of the role(s) of viral proteins in host responses might lead to efficient prophylactic vaccine development.. AB - Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hMPV is also acommon cause ...
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children, but the age-related incidence and effect of hMPV in unselected children in the community have not been evaluated. We studied a cohort of 1,338 children <13 years of age throughout 1 respiratory season in Finland during 2000-2001. We examined children and obtained a nasal swab for viral detection at any sign of respiratory infection. hMPV was detected in 47 (3.5%) of the 1,338 children. The age-related incidence of hMPV infection was highest (7.6%) in children <2 years of age, in whom hMPV accounted for 1.7% of all infections during the season. During the epidemic peak, hMPV caused 7.1% of all respiratory infections in the cohort. Acute otitis media developed in 61% of hMPV-infected children <3 years of age. Our findings demonstrate that the effect of hMPV in the community is greatest in children <2 years of age.
The mixing of dinosaurs also would have promoted the exchange of disease. The introduction of new diseases into previously isolated populations can be devastating. One example of disease exchange in the animal kingdom is the infection of antelopes in Africa with the rinderpest virus carried by cattle from India in the late 1800s. Another example is the spread of Blackhead disease from domestic turkeys to heath hens in the eastern United States in the early 1900s. Examples in human history include the introduction of the Black Plague from Asia into Europe during the Middle Ages and the spread of European diseases among the native populations of the Americas and the Pacific during the Age of Exploration. In each case, the local populations were greatly reduced.. ...
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a member of the subfamily Pneumovirinae within the family Paramyxoviridae. Other members of this subfamily, respiratory syncytial virus and avian pneumovirus, can be divided into subgroups based on genetic or antigenic differences or both. For HMPV, the existence of different genetic lineages has been described on the basis of variation in a limited set of available sequences. We address the antigenic relationship between genetic lineages in virus neutralization assays. In addition, we analyzed the genetic diversity of HMPV by phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained for part of the fusion protein (n = 84) and the complete attachment protein open reading frames (n = 35). On the basis of sequence diversity between attachment protein genes and the differences in virus neutralization titers, two HMPV serotypes were defined. Each serotype could be divided into two genetic lineages, but these did not reflect major antigenic differences.
For the purposes of this webpage processed egg means an egg of a domestic hen belonging to the species Gallus domesticus or of a domestic turkey belonging to the species Meleagris gallopavo.