Trends in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Mortality (2000-2011) Elizabet Cecil, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London. Part of the Department of Primary Care and Public Health Seminar Programme. 17th October 2012.. Download this file. ...

Pneumonia is among the major killer diseases in under-five children in the world. In developing countries 3 million children die each year due to pneumonia. Ethiopia is one of the 15 pneumonia high burden countries. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors of the survival time of under-five pneumonia patients using Bayesian approach analysis. Total of 281 under-five pneumonia patients included in this study. The parametric survival models such as Weibull, Lognormal and Log-logistic baseline distributions were used to fit the datasets by introducing prior distributions. The DIC value was used to compare the baseline distributions, and based on the DIC value the Weibull baseline distribution was selected as good model to fit under-five pneumonia dataset well. The results obtained from the Weibull survival model showed that patients from urban residence and patients who were admitted during patient nurse ratio (PNR) was small; were prolong timing death of under-five pneumonia patients, while

Immediate management, as in any patient presenting with pneumonia, includes oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids if necessary. Timely initiation of antibiotics, as in any case of pneumonia, is very important.. As in community acquired pneumonia, S. pneumoniae is the most frequently isolated organism in recurrent pneumonia. S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were the three most common organisms isolated in one series of immunocompetent adults over the age of 50 with recurrence of pneumonia after hospitalization.. However, other organisms are also common in recurrent pneumonia and consideration should be given to the patients risk factors. H. influenzae is a common pathogen in patients with COPD. Smokers and those with COPD and other chronic respiratory conditions are predisposed to infection with Legionella. Patients with alcohol dependence are susceptible to infections by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and anaerobes. Patients with recurrent pneumonia related ...

Co-morbidity and pneumonia risk in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Author: Dr Nicholas Williams, University of Southampton. A cohort of 6,707 patients with a primary care diagnosis of COPD were identified. Analysis of the database findings showed that 2.8% of patients had a pneumonia episode in 2010. A history of cerebrovascular disease and dementia were statistically significant predictors of pneumonia risk, with a trend towards significance for bronchiectasis. View abstract here. ...

If the radiographic abnormality is persistent, particularly in a specific area of the lung, a congenital anomaly or airway obstruction is more likely than if the abnormalities come and go and are found in different regions of the lung. Therefore, the evaluation of persistent may be different than for truly recurrent pneumonia.. Common cause of recurrent pneumonia #1: Asthma. The mechanism is viral infection that produces both fever and an asthma exacerbation. Increased airway edema, bronchoconstriction, and excessive mucus production with mucus plugging produce the abnormalities on CXR. The fever, abnormal auscultation, and abnormal CXR lead the clinician to diagnose pneumonia. The patient with recurrent pneumonias due to repeated asthma exacerbations may have cough, wheeze, or dyspnea with triggers other than upper respiratory infection (URI), such as exercise, allergen, or irritant exposure. They may not always have fever when they have pneumonia. Their personal history may reveal ...

Children in developing country suffer the highest burden of pneumonia. However, few studies have evaluated associations between poverty and pneumonia. A prospective population-based study on pneumonia was carried out as part of the Latin America Epidemiological Assessment of Pneumococcus (LEAP study). Chest x-rays were obtained for children one to 35 months old with suspected pneumonia presenting to emergency care centers and hospital emergency rooms in Goiania, Brazil. Chest radiographs were evaluated according to WHO guidelines. Clustering of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were evaluated using a Poisson-based spatial scan statistic. Associations between census socioeconomic indicators and pneumonia incidence rates were analyzed using generalized linear models. From May, 2007 to May, 2009, chest radiographs were obtained from 11 521 children with clinical pneumonia; 3955 episodes were classified as radiologically-confirmed. Incidence rates were significantly higher in very low income areas (4825.2

|p||b|Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs that is usually caused by infection. Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling irritants such as vomit, liquids, or chemicals.|/b| With pneumonia, the air sacs in the lungs fill with liquid or pus, which interferes with the lungs ability to transfer oxygen to the blood.|/p| |p| Before the invention of antibiotics in the 1930s, pneumonia was a leading cause of death. Though it has since become very treatable, pneumonia remains a public health problem.|/p| |p| There are many different kinds of pneumonia, ranging from mild to severe. There are 4 basic types: |/p| |ul| |li||b|Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP),|/b| the most common type of pneumonia, is caused by bacteria, viruses, and other organisms that are acquired outside of the hospital or other health care settings. |/li| |li||b|Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)|/b| occurs at least 48 hours after someone has been admitted to the hospital. It can be caused by bacteria and other organisms that are

Is it a cold, influenza, or pneumonia? Medscape. · is it a chilly, influenza, or pneumonia? W. Steven pray, phd, dph; joshua j. Pray strolling pneumonia, normally because of mycoplasma, produces. strolling pneumonia. On foot pneumonia lower back ache search now! Over eighty five million site visitors. Pneumonia and backache ? Yahoo answers. · hi all, my accomplice had pneumonia 3 weeks in the past, it all regarded to solve adequate, however the day prior to this he began with a terrible backache, he reveals it. taking walks pneumonia taking walks pneumonia. Search outcomes. Locate information, signs & treatments. Depended on by means of 50 million visitors. Pneumonia causes, signs, diagnosis, treatment. Pneumonia is a severe and potentially deadly bacterial or viral infection of the lungs causes, symptoms, prognosis, remedy. Pneumonia and backache ? Yahoo solutions. Pneumonia is a lung contamination which can make you very sick. You can cough, run a fever, and feature a hard time ...

Attend the Online Webinar on Pneumonia and Its Homoeopathic Management - Part 1 by Dr. Sanjay Modi. Know the Pathophysiology, Viral Pneumonia from COVID-19, and cases.

Some pneumonia can often be prevented with vaccines against Hib and pneumococcus. Measles and pertussis (whooping cough) infections can result in pneumonia complications, so vaccinating against these childhood diseases can prevent some pneumonia cases. Inexpensive antibiotics can effectively treat pneumonia at the community level. Early recognition and early management are very important. If pneumonia cannot be managed at the health centre, then early referral to a better health centre can become life saving at times. But all cases dont need highest level of medical care. Pneumonia can be effectively managed (depending upon the condition) by providing home-based care. Early recognition of signs by family members, or by those who look after the child, that a child needs medical attention without delay at an appropriate health centre, are crucial. Aseptic and clean environment should be maintained to raise the child and those who are caring for the child should wash their hands properly, wash ...

Pneumonia has traditionally been classified into two subtypes: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and nosocomial pneumonia (NP). Recently, a new entity has been defined, called healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Few studies have investigated the potential of population-based, electronic, healthcare databases to identify the incidences of these three subtypes of pneumonia. The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of the three subtypes of pneumonia in elderly patients (aged 65+ years) in a large region of central Italy. A retrospective cohort study was performed using linked regional Hospital Information System and Mortality Register. All episodes of pneumonia in elderly patients, who were discharged from the hospital in 2006-2008, were selected for the study. Following a validated ICD-9-coding algorithm, incidents of pneumonia events were classified into three groups (HCAP; probable nosocomial pneumonia, PNP; and CAP). Hospitalisation rates were calculated by age group (65-79, 80+), gender,

Today is the first World Pneumonia Day (WPD).To demonstrate your solidarity with the millions of children who are afflicted with pneumonia every year, WPD asks that you wear blue jeans to school, work, or wherever you go on this day.. WPD has organized a Global Pneumonia Summit of over 100 media representatives, scientists, political leaders, donors, and public health organizations in New York City, a national press conference on pneumonia in Bangladesh, a Run for Child Survival in Kenya, a film screening in Baltimore, a launch of a new pneumonia treatment policy in Uganda, and much more.. Every 15 seconds, a child dies from pneumonia.Of the four million lives claimed by it every year, two million are children under the age of five.Of these two million children who die from pneumonia annually, an estimated 98% live in developing countries.. Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs that causes coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing, is often caused by bacteria (such as Hib and pneumococcus), ...

This Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) calculator diagnoses community acquired pneumonia and stratifies mortality and morbidity risk through physical and laboratory findings.

Calf pneumonia can have a significant impact on the productivity and profitability of both dairy and beef herds.. The disease leads to reduced growth rates in cattle, increased calf mortality, increased labour requirements to look after affected calves and added costs from treatment.. And even if the animals do survive an outbreak, pneumonia can cause long-term problems because lung function is impaired.. By and large the disease affects younger animals, but it can also pose a threat to adult cattle, particularly in the dairy herd.. By understanding the factors which initiate pneumonia, farmers can take steps to minimise them and reduce infection rates across the herd.. What is pneumonia?. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs, which can cause permanent damage and even death in cattle. Pneumonia can be viral or bacterial in origin, but most often viral infection is first followed by bacterial infection.. The virus or viruses impair the animals ability to get rid of the bacteria they are ...

Washington, Feb 18 (ANI): Vitamin E supplementation may decrease or increase, or may have no effect, on the risk of pneumonia depending on the level of smoking and leisure time exercise, according to a study. In laboratory studies, vitamin

There are two types of pneumonia we talk about in medicine. The first is typical pneumonia or community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This type generally affects young children and older adults and can make you very sick over a short period of time. The top three bacteria usually associated with this type of pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumonia (different from the Strep that causes Strep throat), Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis that account for about 85% of the two to four million cases per year.. Symptoms include cough, fever, chest pain when taking deep breaths, trouble breathing and a lot of mucus production. These infections are normally treated with antibiotics once the illness is found to be bacterial and may require hospitalization depending on how bad the symptoms are.. The other type is atypical pneumonia, more commonly known as walking pneumonia. It gets this moniker because the symptoms are generally less severe than typical pneumonia, allowing those infected to ...

This study was performed to estimate the effect of he ptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on the pneumonia admission rate in children younger than 5 years of age, after the introduction of

Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. Its caused by germs, such as bacteria and viruses, and fungi. Some people develop pneumonia by coming in contact with germs in the course of daily life, such as at school, work, or the gym. This is sometimes called community-acquired pneumonia. Others develop pneumonia during a stay in the hospital. This is called hospital-acquired pneumonia. And still others develop pneumonia following some type of contact with the health care system.

Diagnosis of childhood pneumonia: clinical assessment without radiological confirmation may lead to overtreatment.: Treatment of childhood pneumonia on the basi

respiration monitor will undergo further research and validation as part of the ongoing project.. Accounting for over 15 percent of child mortality worldwide, India loses a child every minute to pneumonia. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam and Bihar are some of the main pneumonia prone states in the country. Each year, the infection kills more children than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined and remains the leading infectious cause of death among children under five years of age. Global child health organizations like UNICEF have made pneumonia a key area of focus in its effort to reduce child mortality in underdeveloped countries throughout the world.. One important aspect in diagnosing pneumonia is monitoring a childs breathing rate. In developing countries, community health workers manually count how many breaths a child takes in the span of one minute. The Philips Childrens Automated Respiration Monitor converts chest movements detected by accelerometers into accurate ...

Recurrent pneumonia (RP), i.e., at least two episodes of pneumonia in one year or three episodes ever with intercritical radiographic clearing of densities, occurs in 7.7%-9% of children with community-acquired pneumonia. In RP, the challenge is to discriminate between children with self-limiting or minor problems, that do not require a diagnostic work-up, and those with an underlying disease. The aim of the current review is to discuss a reasoned diagnostic approach to RP in childhood. Particular emphasis has been placed on which children should undergo a diagnostic work-up and which tests should be performed. A pediatric case series is also presented, in order to document a single centre experience of RP. A management algorithm for the approach to children with RP, based on the evidence from a literature review, is proposed. Like all algorithms, it is not meant to replace clinical judgment, but it should drive physicians to adopt a systematic approach to pediatric RP and provide a useful guide to the

Cases reported • Pneumonia; Experimental Lung Inflammation; Lobar Pneumonia; Lung Inflammation; Pneumonia, Lobar; Pneumonitis; Pulmonary Inflammation. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms and diseases is provided.

The patient was admitted for pneumonia to the medical service and provided with intravenous antibiotics. The patient was admitted to the medical service and provided with intravenous antibiotics. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus gordonii. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated the presence of a tricuspid vegetation. She was presumed to have both a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and long-standing endocarditis. Pneumonia remains a common cause of death in the United States and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Common causes of pneumonia include Streptococcus pneumoniae and respiratory viruses.1 A growing body of literature demonstrates the superiority of thoracic ultrasound over plain radiography in the identification of pneumonia. Classic ultrasound findings of pneumonia include air or fluid bronchograms, focal B-lines, pleural effusions, and sub-pleural consolidations.2 These unique findings were recognized ...

Pneumonia. Children with pneumonia can be diagnosed clinically or radiographically. Children typically cannot expectorate mucus until at least 8 years of age, therefore clinical signs of pneumonia may include vomiting and abdominal pain, in addition to more typical symptoms of fever, cough, malaise, and tachypnea. While a chest radiograph may show an area of consolidation, radiographic findings often lag behind clinical findings, so a normal chest radiograph is common in the setting of early clinical pneumonia. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (eg, amoxicillin) should be initiated for routine community-acquired pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia complicated by hypoxemia, pleural effusions, or signs of empyema likely will require additional care past the scope of an urgent care center.. Pulmonary Embolus (PE). Patients with PE generally present with dyspnea, pleurisy, and chest pain. An ECG may show right heart strain pattern (S1Q3T3) or other signs of right heart overload (ST-T wave changes); ...

Confirming the high pneumonia risk in lupus patients, researchers in Spain have found that it may precede the onset of the immune disorder. Their biological studies suggest that a particular underlying immune abnormality may explain both.

Pneumonia can be classified in several ways, most commonly by where it was acquired (hospital versus community), but may also by the area of lung affected or by the causative organism. There is also a combined clinical classification, which combines factors such as age, risk factors for certain microorganisms, the presence of underlying lung disease or systemic disease, and whether the person has recently been hospitalized. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is infectious pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common causes of CAP vary depending on a persons age, but they include Streptococcus pneumoniae, viruses, the atypical bacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae. Overall, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria cause CAP in certain at-risk populations. CAP is the fourth most common cause of death in the United Kingdom and the sixth in the United ...

On November 14, 2019, United Nations new report on Pneumonia stated that India has the second largest deaths of children under the age of five due to Pneumonia in 2018

Accounting for more than one million under-five deaths each year [7], pneumonia is the leading killer of children under the age of five worldwide, claiming more lives [8] than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. This years World Pneumonia Day (WPD) theme is universal access to pneumonia prevention and care. In commemoration of WPD, child health advocates are calling for pneumonia control through proven interventions that protect against, prevent, and treat pneumonia. Through our work in community case management (CCM) and expanding access to amoxicillin, the US Agency for International Development [9] (USAID)-funded, MSH-led Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services [10] (SIAPS) Program uses a systems-strengthening approach [11] to expand universal access to pneumonia prevention and care.. One of the most significant changes in pneumonia treatment guidelines is the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation [12] to use dispersible amoxicillin tablets as first-line ...

This study investigated the clinical value of chest radiographs during the 4-week period after diagnosis of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immune competent hospitalised patients. The time to resolution of pulmonary infiltrates and other radiographic abnormalities caused by infection was compared with resolution of clinical parameters, and factors associated with delayed resolution were identified.. Two hundred and eighty-eight hospitalised patients were followed up between July 2000 and June 2003. Severe pneumonia was defined as a pneumonia severity index score of ,90 or according to the American Thoracic Society definition. Patients were treated according to the Dutch guidelines for CAP management. The time for clearance of chest radiographic abnormalities was estimated from chest radiographs taken at 0, 7 and 28 days. Clearance of chest radiographic abnormalities lagged considerably behind clinical improvement at all the assessment time intervals. Raised C-reactive protein levels ...

The novel, siderophore antibiotic cefiderocol showed efficacy as a stand-alone therapy in the treatment of critically ill patients with nosocomial pneumonia at risk for multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections. In the randomized, international, phase 3 APEKS-nosocomial pneumonia (APEKS-NP) trial, cefiderocol (Fetroja, Shionogi Inc.) was non-inferior to the broad-spectrum carbapenem-antibiotic meropenem in the treatment of seriously ill adults with nosocomial pneumonia for the outcome of day 14 all-cause mortality. All-cause mortality at day 28 was also similar between the two treatment groups, and was similar for the two drugs across the evaluated subgroups. Study findings, published online Oct. 12 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, support cefiderocol as a potential treatment option for critically ill patients with nosocomial pneumonia who are at risk of infection from multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, wrote researcher Richard G. Wunderink, MD, of Northwestern University ...

Pneumonia is a common lung infection caused by bacteria, a virus or fungi. Most healthy people recover from pneumonia in one to three weeks, but pneumonia can be life-threatening. The good news is that pneumonia can be prevented-by getting an annual flu shot, frequently washing your hands, and for people at high risk, getting a vaccine for pneumococcal pneumonia.

Strategies to Prevent Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update Case Study of Spina Bifida 1. We conducted active population based surveillance for community acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among adults 18 years of age or older in five. AIDS case is classified as early if the death occurred before 5 June 1981, when the AIDS epidemic was formally. Heres another reason to go: Twice yearly dental visits may reduce levels of dangerous, pneumonia causing bacteria in the mouth, resPneumonia Definition Pneumonia is an infection of the lung that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections! Embase is a comprehensive biomedical literature database, clarify your biomedical research questions! Heres another reason to go: Twice yearly dental visits may reduce levels of dangerous, pneumonia causing bacteria in the mouth, resThis article is a timeline of early AIDS cases? Ese include. Defining Pneumonia by Location in the Lung. Base ...

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to become a worldwide emergency. Early identification of patients at risk of progression may facilitate more individually aligned treatment plans and optimized utilization of medical resource. Here we conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia to investigate the utility of chest computed tomography (CT) and clinical characteristics to risk-stratify the patients. Our results show that CT severity score is associated with inflammatory levels and that older age, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and CT severity score on admission are independent risk factors for short-term progression. The nomogram based on these risk factors shows good calibration and discrimination in the derivation and validation cohorts. These findings have implications for predicting the progression risk of COVID-19 pneumonia patients at the time of admission. CT examination may help risk

Before routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, infections caused more than 700 cases of meningitis, 13,000 blood infections and about 5 million ear infections each year in the U.S. The infection also contributed to about 200 deaths each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. After PCV7 was licensed, the rate of invasive pneumococcal disease such as meningitis and blood infections decreased by 76 percent among children 5 years and younger, according to the CDC. The impact of PCV7 on pneumonia has been more difficult to evaluate, said Dr. Shah, because of the specific cause of pneumonia is sometimes difficult to determine.. The rate of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia in the first year of life declined by 22 percent from 1997 to 2006, according to the study. Conversely, the rate of hospitalizations for pneumonia in children 6 to 12 increased 22 percent, and for children over 13 the rate increased by more than 40 percent. Lung complications ...

Background: Although antibiotics are recommended for the primary care management of community-acquired pneumonia, a recent UK study reported that most children admitted to hospital had not received antibiotics. Objective: To describe primary care antibiotic use for children subsequently hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia. Design/methods: A case series of 280 children |5 years old hospitalised with pneumonia in Auckland, New Zealand. Pneumonia was defined as an acute illness with cough or respiratory distress, the presence of tachypnoea or indrawing and an abnormal chest radiograph. Receipt of antibiotics was determined by parental report and medical record review. Results: Fewer than half (108, 39%) of the children had received an antibiotic before hospital admission. For 60 children (21%) there had been no opportunity to prescribe because the illness evolved rapidly, resulting in early hospital admission. For the remaining 112 children (40%) an opportunity to receive antibiotics was missed.

Objective. To investigate the value of CT in complicated childhood pneumonia and its role in early intervention when chest radiography (CXR) is non-contributory. Materials and methods. Forty-two immunocompetent children, aged 1-11 years, admitted for community-acquired pneumonia from October 1997 to September 1999, had 42 contrast-enhanced CT scans and frontal chest radiographs on the same day, which were assessed independently. CT was performed when the patient remained unwell and the CXR images showed failure of resolution despite 7-10 days of antibiotics and/or drainage with urokinase therapy. Results. Compared to CT, CXR revealed suboptimal accuracy rates of lobar involvement (84%), chest tube placement (73%), fluid loculation (42%), abscess formation (40%) and bronchopleural fistulae (33%). It could not assess parenchymal or pleural complications such as cavitary necrosis, early abscess formation, empyemas or pericardial effusions. On the basis of the CT findings and poor clinical progress, 16

Children below the age of 5 years are at a heightened risk of pneumonia. There are simple and practical modifications in our daily lives that can considerably reduce the risk of childhood pneumonia, such as, keeping the child warm and dry, away from those with infections such as cold or cough, not exposing the child to smoke (tobacco smoke, smoke from cook stoves), breastfeeding (exclusive) the child for first six months, among others. Children should be taken to healthcare services on the first symptom such as fever or cold. If the child is not breastfeeding then instead of giving her or him other home-made food please consult a doctor without delay. If the healthcare provider is recommending hospitalization for the child then dont avoid it unless indicated otherwise. Maintaining strict hygiene and cleanliness is also important for child care and preventing pneumonia and other infections ...

Pneumonia: Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on pneumonia at PatientsLikeMe. 1238 patients with pneumonia experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and insomnia and use Azithromycin, Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen, Gabapentin, Levofloxacin, and Lorazepam to treat their pneumonia and its symptoms.

Altered Mental Status & Hypotension & Recurrent Pneumonia due to Aspiration Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Hypotension. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search.

Who is at risk? Anyone with a cold or prolonged illness can easily contract pneumonia. Healthy persons may also be exposed to it simply through normal daily activities. Anyone with an impaired immune system is at greater risk of contracting pneumonia. Persons who have suffered a stroke or seizure are at risk of developing pneumonia due to the aspiration of food, vomit or other particles from the mouth or nose into the lungs.. Treatment In addition to performing a physical exam, your doctor might order a chest x-ray and blood test to help diagnose pneumonia or to determine its severity. Bacterial pneumonia will be treated with antibiotics, but typical pneumonia symptoms are treated with rest, sleep and liquids for up to three weeks. Other medications may be useful for treating the symptoms associated with pneumonia such as cough, fever and wheezing.. Emergency Warning Signs: When should I see a doctor? Seek treatment right away if mucus coughed up from your lungs runs yellow or green for more ...

The cohort comprised community-dwelling, immunocompetent patients aged 65 to 94 years, including 1173 individuals with community-acquired pneumonia that occurred between the date the influenza vaccine first became available and the end of that years influenza season, and 2346 age- and sex-matched controls.. After controlling for comorbidities, frailty, medication use, and smoking, vaccination was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of pneumonia. The same held true for analyses restricted to the peak influenza seasons and for pneumonia cases requiring hospital admission.. The investigators propose two possibilities to explain their findings: Either influenza causes a small proportion of pneumonia incidents, or else the vaccine is not very effective in reducing risk of influenza infection in elderly people at risk of pneumonia.. In a Lancet commentary, Dr. Edward A. Belongia, at the Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation in Marshfield, Wisconsin, and Dr. David K. Shay at the US ...

Pneumonia (along with influenza) is the 6th prime explanation for loss of life in adults. approximately four million adults advance pneumonia every year in the united states, leading to sixty four million days of constrained task, 39 million days of mattress confinement, and 10 million days of misplaced paintings. but the admission premiums to clinic, size of remain, investigations, antimicrobial treatment and prevention options differ drastically from one geographic quarter to the following, and the medical foundation for lots of of our administration ideas for pneumonia is vulnerable to nonexistent. There are over a hundred microbial brokers which can reason pneumonia and plenty of of those, in particular Streptococcus pneumoniae, team A streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus, are in a country of flux when it comes to altering antimicrobial resistance. This publication is designed to supply new information regarding pneumonia and establish severe study questions that may come to the fore as ...

pneumonia vaccine - MedHelps pneumonia vaccine Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for pneumonia vaccine. Find pneumonia vaccine information, treatments for pneumonia vaccine and pneumonia vaccine symptoms.

I am 27 years old, and have a 34 degree S- curve that was diagnosed at age 12 as idiopathic pneumonia. Although the curve itself hasnt bothered me beyond making me sore after intense exercise, I have been having reoccurring pneumonia now for 5 years and we think there may be a link between this and the scoliosis. Has anyone else had this problem?. The type of pneumonia I have is typical streptococcus bacteria pneumonia, but an array of antibiotics are not curing it as they should in a relatively healthy 27 year old. A CT scan shows that the pneumonia hasnt moved in the last 2 years, and I get a flare up of pneumonia symptoms about 1x a month which either keeps me out of work for 3-5 days with someone caring for me, or puts me in the hospital. For the last two years I have had to seriously cut back exercise and after work activities as long days and exercise seem to bring on the symptoms more frequently. My pulmonologist hasnt found anything beyond the strepto-pneumo when going in for a ...

Health,Infections like pneumonia can be caused when a persons immune system ... Previous research has found that HIV-infected people are more lik... While alcohol abuse is known to impair immune defenses he said ... The key issue with alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS is when to star...,Chronic,binge,drinking,can,hasten,HIV,development,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news

BioAssay record AID 423142 submitted by ChEMBL: Effect on pulmonary inflammation in BALB/c mouse lung assessed as change in peribronchiolar inflammation after 5 days by histopathological analysis.

Comparison of treatment outcomes in community acquired pneumonia patients treated with beta lactam macrolide combination versus fluoroquinolone monotherapy ...

Recent research from McMaster Universitys Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine published online Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that pneumonia patients have significant benefits from corticosteroid therapy.

Why Were We Focused on Pneumonia? Influenza kills 36,000 people in the US per year Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) kills 10,000 people in the US per year Over 1400 pneumonia patients admit to NMH each year; over 100 patients with a diagnosis code indicating pneumonia die The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) measures our ability to meet evidence-based care guidelines In FY2007, NMH compliance with the aggregate pneumonia core measure set was 65% D M A I C

Looking for online definition of Pneumonia Severity Index in the Medical Dictionary? Pneumonia Severity Index explanation free. What is Pneumonia Severity Index? Meaning of Pneumonia Severity Index medical term. What does Pneumonia Severity Index mean?

www.lung.org/assets/documents/research/pi-trend-report.pdf.. 5. Arnold FW, Wiemken TL, Peyrani P, et al. Mortality differences among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in three world regions: results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) International Cohort Study. Respir Med 2013;107:1101-11.. 6. Mortensen EM, Coley CM, Singer DE, et al. Causes of death for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1059-64.. 7. Bordon J, Wiemken T, Peyrani P, et al. Decrease in long-term survival for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2010;138:279-83.. 8. Mortensen EM, Halm EA, Pugh MJ, et al. Association of azithromycin with mortality and cardiovascular events among older patients hospitalized with pneumonia. JAMA 2014;311:2199-208.. 9. Aliberti S, Ramirez JA. Cardiac diseases complicating community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis ...

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48-72 hours after being admitted. It is thus distinguished from community-acquired pneumonia. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, rather than a virus. HAP is the second most common nosocomial infection (after urinary tract infections) and accounts for 15-20% of the total. It is the most common cause of death among nosocomial infections and is the primary cause of death in intensive care units. HAP typically lengthens a hospital stay by 1-2 weeks. New or progressive infiltrate on the chest X-ray with one of the following: Fever > 37.8 °C (100 °F) Purulent sputum Leukocytosis > 10,000 cells/μl In an elderly person, the first sign of hospital-acquired pneumonia may be mental changes or confusion. Other symptoms may include: A cough with greenish or pus-like phlegm (sputum) Fever and chills General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Loss of ...

Zinc is an essential element required for the cell metabolism, including immunity. Therefore Zinc deficiency leads to susceptibility to infections and may affect pulmonary epithelial cell integrity. Many investigators have used zinc supplementation to see its effect on various diseases mainly diarrheal diseases and severe pneumonia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oral Zinc supplementation in treatment and prevention of recurrent pneumonia. 506 Children aged 2 months to 60 months admitted during September 2011 to August 2014 for recurrent pneumonia with no other underlying illness in the Pediatric department of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal were observed. Along with standard antibiotic treatment one group [Group I] received zinc (10 mg for | 6 months and 20 mg for ≥ 6 months for 10 days) and another group [Group II] did not receive Zinc. The primary outcome like resolution of tachypnea, chest in drawing, hypoxia, starting of oral feeds and hospital stay was noted. All cases were

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative study on the effectiveness of bacampicillin and amoxicillin on pneumonia by double blind method. AU - Shiota, Kenzo. AU - Miki, Fumio. AU - Asai, Tomokazu. AU - Kubo, Kenji. AU - Kono, Masakazu. AU - Takamatsu, Kenji. AU - Kato, Yasumichi. AU - Saito, Akira. AU - Nakayama, Ichiro. AU - Tomizawa, Masumi. AU - Shimizu, Tatsunori. AU - Nagahama, Fumio. AU - Koroku, Tetsushi. AU - Yasuda, Shinya. AU - Mikami, Takashi. AU - Konno, Norimichi. AU - Yokota, Yasumasa. AU - Tsuji, Masahiro. AU - Harada, Kazunori. AU - Abe, Seiji. AU - Takebe, Kazuo. AU - Imamura, Kenichi. AU - Sakakura, Muneki. AU - Kobayashi, Masayoshi. AU - Kimura, Kenichi. AU - Yoshida, Shuichiro. AU - Hirai, Ichiro. AU - Kosaka, Shiro. AU - Yoshioka, Mitsuaki. AU - Takishima, Hitoshi. AU - Arai, Sumio. AU - Konno, Kiyoshi. AU - Oizumi, Kotaro. AU - Watanabe, Akira. AU - Aonuma, Seiichi. AU - Takeda, Hajimu. AU - Kawashima, Shiro. AU - Sekine, Osamu. AU - Usuda, Yoshimaru. AU - Aoki, Nobuki. AU - Kanazawa, ...

The success rate of the clinical response to treatment of severe nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation was not significantly different between ciprofloxacin (29/41, 71%) and imipenem (27/34, 79%). This was true for the study population and the intent-to-treat population. No differences were found in the bacterial response rate to ciprofloxacin (20/49, 49%) or imipenem (17/34, 50%) in this study population.. Despite the introduction of potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agents and the use of preventive measures, nosocomial pneumonia remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the ICU.1 28 29 The causative microorganism varies according to the individual patient risk profile. The severity, type, and number of risk factors and the time of onset of nosocomial pneumonia may influence the risk profiles. Gram negative bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae,H influenzae, and methicillin sensitiveS aureus are frequent causative agents in nosocomial pneumonia. P aeruginosa ...

Plasma YKL-40 level has been reported as playing a significant role in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the correlation between plasma level of YKL-40 and the severity of CAP has not been reported. This study identifies the relationship between plasma level changes of the YKL-40 gene in adult patients hospitalized with CAP. The ELISA was used to measure the plasma YKL-40 level from 61 adult CAP patients before and after antibiotic treatment and from 60 healthy controls. The plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly increased in patients with CAP compared to normal controls. Moreover, the plasma concentration of YKL-40 correlated with the severity of CAP based on the pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (r = 0.630, p < 0.001), the CURB-65 (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, BP, age 65 years) score (r = 0.640, p < 0.001), the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (r = 0.539, p < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (r = 0.321, p = 0.011), respectively. In

Pneumonia is a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs. The air sacs in the lungs fill with pus and other liquids. Oxygen has trouble reaching your blood. If there is too little oxygen in your blood, your body cells cant work properly. Because of this, combined with spread of infection through the body, pneumonia can cause death.. Until 1936, pneumonia was the number one cause of death in the United States, although, since then, use of antibiotics brought it under control.. Nevertheless, in 1997, pneumonia and influenza combined ranked as the sixth leading causes of death.. Pneumonia affects your lungs in two ways. Lobar pneumonia affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout both lungs.. Pneumonia is not a single disease. It can have over 30 different causes. There are five main causes of pneumonia:. ¦ Bacteria.. ¦ Viruses.. ¦ Mycoplasmas.. ¦ Other infectious agents, such as fungi, including pneumocystis.. ¦ Various ...

Meystre S, Gouripeddi R, Tieder J, Simmons J, Srivastava R, Shah S. Enhancing Comparative Effectiveness Research With Automated Pediatric Pneumonia Detection in a Multi-Institutional Clinical Repository: A PHIS+ Pilot Study. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 15;19(5):e162.. ...

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in children. Despite more than 50% of pneumonias are due to viruses, because it is difficult to rule out bacterial etiology, initial management of pneumonia in children usually includes antibiotics, often unnecessary. In 2006 was designed and validated a clinical prediction rule (BPS: Bacterial Pneumonia Score) which accurately identifies hospitalized childrens risk of bacterial pneumonia. However, BPS efficacy on guiding therapeutic decision in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has not been yet assessed.. Aim: The aim of this study is to test if BPS guided antibiotic use in children with non severe community acquired pneumonia will reduce antibiotic use as compared to standard care practice (current guidelines for CAP) Design: This is a randomized, controlled, blinded trial, to assess antibiotics use regarding two methods for initial management of children aged 3-60 months with non severe community acquired pneumonia. ...

Blasi F, Aliberti S, Pappalettera M, Tarsia P. 100 years of respiratory medicine: pneumonia. Respir Med. 2007;101(5):875-881.. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115170/Community-acquired-pneumonia-in-adults. Accessed January 29, 2021. De Roux A, Marcos MA, Garcia E, et al. Viral community-acquired pneumonia in non-immunocompromised adults. Chest. 2004;125(4):1343-1351.. Immunization schedules. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html. Accessed January 29, 2021.. Niederman MS. Recent advances in community-acquired pneumonia inpatient and outpatient. Chest. 2007;131(4):1205-1215.. Niederman MS. Review of treatment guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med. 2004;117:Suppl 3A:51S-57S.. Pneumonia. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pneumonia. Accessed January 29, ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative agent in community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis. Overwhelming lung inflammation during pneumococcal pneumonia may hamper lung function. Ibrutinib is an irreversible inhibitor of Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk), a key signaling protein controlling the activation of various immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. The aim of this study was to determine whether ibrutinib treatment ameliorates acute lung inflammation during pneumococcal pneumonia. Mice were treated orally with ibrutinib and the effect on acute pulmonary inflammation elicited by the gram-positive bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and during ceftriaxone-treated pneumococcal pneumonia was assessed. Treatment with ibrutinib prior to and after intranasal LTA instillation reduced alveolar macrophage activation, neutrophil influx, cytokine release and plasma leakage into the lung. Postponed treatment with ibrutinib supplementing antibiotic therapy during ongoing

Currently, correctly diagnosing pneumonia and understanding how severe it is requires specialist doctors and expensive equipment like X-ray machines. Neither is available to community health workers in developing nations, where 99% of the annual 1.1 million childhood pneumonia deaths happen.. Elina Naydenova from Oxford Universitys Institute for Biomedical Engineering explained, With the nearest hospital hours away, generalist health workers depend on a set of guidelines known as IMCI. These can sometimes be good at identifying cases of pneumonia but not so good at screening out cases that are not pneumonia. There is also huge variability across users. In settings, where there isnt a clinical expert to set a conclusive diagnosis, the number of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions has increased as a result -- depleting vital drug supplies and adding to the problem of antibiotic-resistant infections. We wanted to apply smart engineering to develop a robust automated system that was consistently ...

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in developed countries. Among the vast diversity of respiratory pathogens, fungi account for only a small portion of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias.

...WALTHAM Mass. Dec. 8 /- Decision Resources one of the ...The new Pharmacor report entitled Community-Acquired Pneumonia ... Two of the most clinically and commercially promising antibiotics in ...The report also finds that the community-acquired pneumonia market is ...,Patent,Expiries,of,Blockbuster,Antibiotics,Will,Fuel,a,Decline,of,More,Than,15,Percent,in,the,Community-Acquired,Pneumonia,Drug,Market,medicine,advanced medical technology,medical laboratory technology,medical device technology,latest medical technology,Health

A study to assess the frequency of CRB65 scoring in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in primary care has been recently published in the Dove Press journal Pragmatic and Observational Research[1].. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading infectious cause of death worldwide.[2] CAP requires a severity assessment for diagnosis and treatment, particularly in hospital admission decisions. As an increased mortality rate is associated with a delay in admissions to the intensive care unit in severe CAP cases, it is critical that treatment is based on the severity of CAP to improve treatment outcomes. Both the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommend that the CRB65 scoring system to be used for this purpose due to its high levels of accuracy. The score assigns one score for each component of confusion, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age of 65 years or more, up to a maximum of 4. However, not much is ...

Other bacteria which will bring about pneumonia consist of Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral Pneumonia Most respiratory viruses attack the upper respiratory tract, but some trigger pneumonia, especially in youngsters. Most of these pneumonias are usually not critical and last a quick time but other individuals might be extreme. Viral pneumonia caused by the influenza virus may perhaps be extreme and often fatal. The virus invades the lungs and multiplies; nonetheless, youll find nearly no physical indicators of lung tissue getting to be stuffed with fluid. This pneumonia is most significant in individuals who have pre-existing heart or lung disease and pregnant females. In severe cases, the patient includes a desperate want for air and extreme breathlessness. Viral pneumonias might be difficult by an invasion of bacteria, with every one of the normal signs of bacterial pneumonia. ...

The Outpatient Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults GUIDELINES Pocket Card is based on the latest guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

References 1. Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, Mandell LA, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:347-382. 2. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2006. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2007.3. DeFrances CJ, Podgornik MN. 2004 National hospital discharge survey. Adv Data. 2006;317:1-19. 4. Division of Epidemiology. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Morbidity and mortality: 2004 chartbook on cardiovascular, lung and blood diseases. May 2004. 5. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(suppl 2):S27-S72. 6. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2005:819-845. 7. Marrie TJ, ...

TABLE: Emerging Therapies in Development for Community-Acquired Pneumonia, 2004 summarizes emerging antibacterial agents in late-stage development and their expected sales potential in the community-acquired pneumonia market.

Viral pneumonia. This type is caused by various viruses, including influenza, and is responsible for one-third of all cases of pneumonia. Early symptoms of viral pneumonia are the same as those of bacterial pneumonia, which may be followed by increasing breathlessness, headache, muscle pain, weakness, and a worsening of the cough.. Viral pneumonias may make a person susceptible to bacterial pneumonia.. ...

Abdominal Pain & Fainting Spells & Recurrent Pneumonia due to Aspiration Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Aspiration Pneumonia. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search.

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PM014 on cigarette smoke induced lung disease in the murine animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 2 weeks to induce COPD-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to cigarette smoke exposure, the treatment group was administered PM014 via an oral injection. To investigate the effects of PM014, we assessed PM014 functions in vivo, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathological changes in the lung. The efficacy of PM014 was compared with that of the recently developed anti-COPD drug, roflumilast. PM014 substantially inhibited immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) into the airway. In addition, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in the BAL fluid of PM014-treated mice compared to cigarette smoke stimulated mice. These changes were more prominent than roflumilast treated mice. The

TY - JOUR. T1 - Reliability of the validated clinical diagnosis of pneumonia on validated outcomes after intracranial hemorrhage. AU - Naidech, Andrew M.. AU - Liebling, Storm M.. AU - Duran, Isis M.. AU - Moore, Michael J.. AU - Wunderink, Richard G.. AU - Zembower, Teresa R.. PY - 2012/10. Y1 - 2012/10. N2 - Purpose: Reducing the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (PNU) is important but depends on accurate assessment. We sought to determine the interrater reliability of diagnosis of PNU and its impact on resource utilization and functional outcomes in a high-risk population. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted in 2007 with intracranial hemorrhage were prospectively identified. Pneumonia was prospectively diagnosed by Centers for Disease Control criteria by a neurointensivist and infection control. An independent retrospective determination was made by a fellow, an infectious disease attending physician, and a pulmonologist after review of the electronic medical records and ...

Classically, the disease has four stages: Congestion in the first 24 hours: This stage is characterized histologically by vascular engorgement, intra-alveolar fluid, small numbers of neutrophils, often numerous bacteria.Grossly, the lung is heavy and hyperemic. In late 2018, coding guidance (and indexing) was published instructing coders to report the diagnosis of lobar pneumonia to J18.1 (Lobar pneumonia) when the pneumonia was specified to a particular lobe(s). The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has published guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). 45. This review discusses diagnostic methods, empiric treatment, and infection prevention strategies for … As our understanding of this common infection grows, collaborative efforts among researchers and clinical societies provide new literature and updated guidelines informing its management. Upper-lobar focal pneumonia causes severe chills and headaches, fever, chest pain. The symptoms and signs of ...

Guerra and Baughman obtained BAL for quantitative bacterial culture at one dilution in 54 patients receiving mechanical ventilation who underwent bronchoscopy for clinical pneumonia (30 patients) or a noninfectious process (24 patients). In the pneumonia group, nine patients had an opportunistic infection and three had either Legionella or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The remaining 18 patients were believed to have bacterial pneumonia. Using a diagnostic threshold of 104 cfu/ml, a significant growth was seen in 16 patients (89 percent) with pneumonia and in none of those without. Seventy percent of patients with pneumonia were receiving antimicrobials and none of the significant organisms (^lO cfu/ml) was sensitive to the administered antibiotic. Seventy-five percent of patients in the control group were receiving antimicrobials, and this treatment was discontinued after results of cultures were available. proventil inhaler ...

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Objectives: Acute pneumonia (AP) induces an excess of mortality among the elderly. We evaluated the value of a new predictive biomarker index compared to usual prognosis scores for predicting in-hospital and 1-year mortalities in elderly inpatients with AP. Design: Retrospective study in 6 clinical departments of a university hospital. Setting: Burgundy university hospital (France). Participants: All patients aged 75 and over with AP and hospitalized between January 1 and June 30, 2013, in the departments of medicine (5) and intensive care (1) of our university hospital. Measurements: A new index, which we named UBMo, was created by multiplying the uremia (U in the formula) by the N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) plasmatic rate (B), divided by the monocyte count (Mo). Results: Among the 217 patients included, there were 138 community-acquired pneumonia, 56 nursing home-acquired pneumonia, and 23 hospital-acquired pneumonia. In-hospital and 1-year mortality rates were

We read with interest the review article entitled New endotracheal tubes designed to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: do they make a difference? by Deem and Treggiari.1 In line with European experts,2 the American researchers state that the high VAP rate in ventilated patients is probably due to factors associated with translaryngeal intubation rather than simply an effect of patient susceptibility from severity of illness. We disagree with this expert opinion and we would argue that the severity of underlying disease is the major determinant of developing pneumonia in patients requiring treatment on the intensive care unit (ICU).3 Our statement that the sicker the patients, the higher the pneumonia rate is supported by the following quantitative data. The incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia is approximately 5-10 per 1,000 admissions.3,4 The pneumonia rate is 7% in patients requiring treatment on ICU without endotracheal intubation, and increases to 12% in ICU patients ...

Community-acquired pneumonia substantially affects patient morbidity and mortality, and has significant health care costs. This type of pneumonia has more impact on elderly patients, who tend to have longer hospital stays and a higher cost per stay compared with younger patients. Multiple published guidelines provide physicians with information about when to admit patients with community-acquired pneumonia, which antibiotic therapy is appropriate, how long to treat, and when it is suitable to discharge patients from the hospital. These treatment strategies do not take into account the emergence of resistant organisms and the poorly understood impact of community-acquired pneumonia on younger patients. Although various studies have looked at combination antibiotic therapy, they rarely have been comparative. Brown and colleagues examined the effect of initial antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia on selected clinical outcomes.. The authors analyzed a hospital database of adult ...

Background.: Detection of pneumococcus by lytA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood had poor diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia in children in 9 African and Asian sites. We assessed the value of blood lytA quantification in diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia. Methods.: The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) case-control study tested whole blood by PCR for pneumococcus in children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with signs of pneumonia and in age-frequency matched community controls. The distribution of load among PCR-positive participants was compared between microbiologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia (MCPP) cases, cases confirmed for nonpneumococcal pathogens, nonconfirmed cases, and controls. Receiver operating characteristic analyses determined the optimal threshold that distinguished MCPP cases from controls. Results.: Load was available for 290 of 291 cases with pneumococcal PCR detected in blood and 273 of 273 controls. Load was higher in MCPP

Experimental pneumonia due to Friedländers bacillus was produced in white rats by the intrabronchial inoculation of the bacilli suspended in mucin. The pneumonia was lobar in type, was almost uniformly fatal, and simulated the acute form of the natural disease in human beings.. The pathogenesis of the pneumonic lesion was studied by examination of microscopic sections of the lungs of animals killed at frequent intervals during the course of the infection. The histologic characteristics of the various stages of the pneumonia were essentially the same as those previously described in experimental pneumococcal (Type I) pneumonia except for the following differences: (1) In isolated areas of the lung in Friedländers pneumonia many more bacteria were encountered in the alveoli than were ever noted in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia. (2) Abscess formation was common in the late stages of Friedländers infection, whereas it was not noted in the pneumococcal lesion. (3) Organization of the ...

Synonyms for abortive pneumonia in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for abortive pneumonia. 13 words related to pneumonia: respiratory disease, respiratory disorder, respiratory illness, bronchial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia.... What are synonyms for abortive pneumonia?

Length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is variable and directly related to medical costs. Accurate estimation of LOS on admission and during follow-up may result in earlier and more efficient discharge strategies. This is a prospective multicenter study including patients in emergency departments of 6 tertiary care hospitals in Switzerland between October 2006 and March 2008. Medical history, clinical data at presentation and health care insurance class were collected. We calculated univariate and multivariate cox regression models to assess the association of different characteristics with LOS. In a split sample analysis, we created two LOS prediction rules, first including only admission data, and second including also additional inpatient information. The mean LOS in the 875 included CAP patients was 9.8 days (95%CI 9.3-10.4). Older age, respiratory rate |20 pm, nursing home residence, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, multilobar CAP and the pneumonia

ABDULKADIR, M B; IBRAHEEM, R M; GOBIR, A A and JOHNSON, W B R. Hypoxaemia as a measure of disease severity in young hospitalised Nigerian children with pneumonia: A cross-sectional study. S. Afr. j. child health [online]. 2015, vol.9, n.2, pp.53-56. ISSN 1999-7671. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAJCH.901.. BACKGROUND: Pneumonia remains a common cause of mortality among children in developing countries. Hypoxaemia is a common consequence of pneumonia in children. OBJECTIVES: To define the relationship between Hb oxygen saturation (SpO2) and parameters of outcome, duration of supplemental oxygen and duration of hospitalisation among children with pneumonia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the paediatric wards of a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Two hundred children aged between 2 and 59 months with pneumonia seen at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital were recruited consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical information regarding the illness was obtained. Hb ...

Hospital length of stay (LOS) and time for a patient to reach clinical stability (TCS) have increasingly become important outcomes when investigating ways in which to combat Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Difficulties arise when deciding how to handle in-hospital mortality. Ad-hoc approaches that are commonly used to handle time to event outcomes with mortality can give disparate results and provide conflicting conclusions based on the same data. To ensure compatibility among studies investigating these outcomes, this type of data should be handled in a consistent and appropriate fashion. Using both simulated data and data from the international Community Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) database, we evaluate two ad-hoc approaches for handling mortality when estimating the probability of hospital discharge and clinical stability: 1) restricting analysis to those patients who lived, and 2) assigning individuals who die the worst outcome (right-censoring them at the longest recorded LOS or

RECENT FINDINGS: Respiratory viruses may be responsible for healthcare-associated pneumonia, because affected patients and those with CAP have the same risk factors for viral disease. In mechanically ventilated patients, viruses belonging to the Herpesviridae family, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus, can be reactivated and cause bronchopneumonitis or ventilator-associated pneumonia, respectively. Recent results confirmed the high rate of HSV reactivation in the distal airways of mechanically ventilated patients, and that patients with high virus loads (,10 copies/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) have poorer outcomes than those with low or no virus load. However, the responsibility of mimivirus, initially described as a possible cause of pneumonia, was not confirmed for nosocomial pneumonia ...

Risk of pneumonia with budesonide-containing treatments in COPD: an individual patient-level pooled analysis of interventional studies Sally Hollis,1 Carin Jorup,2 Dan Lythgoe,3 Gunnar Martensson,2 Pontus Regnell,2 Göran Eckerwall2 1AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK; 2AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3Phastar, Chiswick, London, UK Background: Concerns have been raised that treatment of COPD with inhaled corticosteroids may increase pneumonia risk. Responding to a request from the European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee, a pooled analysis of interventional studies compared pneumonia risk with inhaled budesonide-containing versus non-budesonide-containing treatments and the impact of other clinically relevant factors.Methods: AstraZeneca-sponsored, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled trials meeting the following criteria were included: >8 weeks’ duration; ≥60 patients with COPD; inhaled budesonide treatment arm

Edited by James D Chalmers Mathias W Pletz and Stefano Aliberti Community-acquired pneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalisation for

Indigenous Australian children have high (up to 90%) rates of nasopharyngeal microbial colonisation and of hospitalisation for pneumonia. In Indigenous children hospitalised with pneumonia in Central...

1. Pneumococci of Type I and Type II are responsible for the majority of the cases of lobar pneumonia.. 2. Among the pneumococci found in the mouths of healthy individuals Type IV predominates, Type III is frequent, and atypical organisms of Type II are occasionally found.. 3. Healthy persons intimately associated with cases of lobar pneumonia may harbor in their mouth secretions the highly parasitic pneumococcus of Types I and II.. 4. Occasionally a carrier of Type I or Type II pneumococcus is encountered in whom it is impossible to trace any contact with an infected patient.. 5. From the dust of homes where cases of pneumonia due to Types I and II have occurred, pneumococci of the same type may be recovered.. ...

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infection. Approximately 20 percent of all episodes of pneumonia result in hospitalization. It is the leading cause of community-acquired infection requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In pulmonary infections, the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators from alveolar macrophages serves as a mechanism by which invading pathogens are eliminated. However, this reaction of the innate immune system can be potentially harmful when excessive release of circulating inflammatory cytokines causes damage to the patient, particularly the lung. Interest in the role of corticosteroids in the pathophysiology of critical illness has existed since the early part of the 20th century. On ICU, early treatment with corticosteroids to attenuate systemic inflammation is widespread. At the same time, outside the ICU little evidence is available on the effect of treatment with corticosteroids in patients diagnosed with CAP. Theoretically, early ...

Respiratory syncytial virus was the commonest viral cause of LRTIs and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Haemophilus influenzae were the commonest bacterial causes. A significant fraction (one-third in one hospital) of all H. influenzae infections were nontypeable.. Not all of the insights of the BOSTID research group could be summarized in a single paper or even a supplement. The programme provided an intellectual forum in which many lines of enquiry were distilled.2 The complete lack of understanding of how or why children die from pneumonia was identified as a critical future research question. The pathogenesis of ARI, including the complex synergism between viral and bacterial pathogens, was a second significant area. The investigators believed that understanding the mechanisms that controlled the magnitude and selectivity of the human inflammatory response would offer practical opportunities to influence disease outcome. This insight would need to be augmented by knowledge of the ...

The knowledge, attitudes and practices of the respondents were found to be generally good and positive about pneumonia disease burden and immunisations/EPI vaccines. However, only 19% of the parents/guardians were aware of the availability of the PCV. Most parents/guardians were of the opinion that increased sensitisation/mass vaccination campaigns would remain essential for the PCV to reach every child. Logistic modelling identified associations between; - educational level and parental knowledge on the consequences/seriousness of pneumonia infections, income and parental knowledge on pneumonia causes/risk factors, occupational level and parental knowledge on pneumonia prevention beside that of region of origin and parental knowledge on the availability of the PCV. Also, a friendly attitude from health personnel was thought to motivate parents/guardians to respect vaccination schedules ...

Current guidelines suggest that patients may be treated in an outpatient setting or may require hospitalization depending on their PSI risk class, as follows: Classes I and II - Outpatient mana... more

This field guide was prepared by PAHO to support health workers participating in the epidemiological surveillance of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis. Pneumonia is among the leading causes of hospitalization and death for children aged under 5 years in the Region of the Americas. In developed countries, the majority of pneumonias are believed to be of viral origin; however, the etiology of pneumonia is almost always bacterial in developing countries. Bacterial meningitis, although not as frequent as pneumonia, is always a serious disease, given the risk of sequelae and its high case-fatality rate. Three bacteria are principally responsible for the diseases: Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). The introduction of the Hib vaccine in countries of the Region produced a dramatic decline of invasive disease due to this bacterium, and pneumococcus is now the principal etiologic agent responsible for bacterial ...

Patient History and Assessment D.E. is a 59 year old Caucasian male who was admitted to the Northridge Hospital Emergency Room on the 21st of February by paramedics after they responded to a 911 emergency call by the patients wife. D.E. was experiencing SOB, dyspnea and alternating levels of consciousness upon arrival of the response team. Oxygen was applied via nasal cannula and the patient was transported to the ED. D.E. did not complain of any chest pain or nausea and vomiting. Just stated he woke up during the night while he was experiencing a coughing attack resulting in his feeling unable to breathe. In the ED a chest X-ray was performed confirming a diagnosis of Pneumonia as white patches were evident bilaterally. D.E. has a reported allergy to Morphine which results in uncontrolled emesis. He also stated he has an allergy to green bell peppers which also cause him to vomit. His past history includes diabetes mellitus, chronic back pain, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, depression and ...