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Today most of the people are interested in botany and students and researchers are engaging in botany. When studying botany, leaf recognition is an essential part. The different shapes and different nerve structures of the leaves are considered to classify the leaves. This research is developed to recognize a plant leaf by image. In the system highly considered about the nerve structure of the leaf. Basic Image processing Techniques, Artificial Neural Networks were used to implement the system. Identify a leaf using an image is a challenge. There are lots of different leaves around the world. It is not easy to identify all those leaves by single system. This research was developed to identify sample of 5types of leaves, Jack, Guava, Coral jasmine, lemon, Asoka. System accepts an image (one leaf with white background) and identifies the shape and nerve structure of the leaf. If it is pre identified leaf of the system it will give the details of that particular tree. Otherwise it will give a ...
In wild-type (WT) Columbia and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., trichomes are present on the adaxial surfaces of all rosette leaves but are absent from the abaxial surfaces of the first-formed leaves. We have determined that both long-day (LD) photoperiod and gibberellin (GA) stimulate trichome formation. WT plants grown in LD conditions produce the first abaxial trichome on earlier leaves than plants grown in short-day (SD) conditions. Photoperiod sensitivity of abaxial trichome formation on WT plants develops gradually over time, reaching the maximum sensitivity about 24 d after germination. Application of gibberellic acid to WT plants growing in SD conditions accelerates the onset of abaxial trichomes. Conversely, application of 20 to 80 mg L-1 paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, to wild-type plants suppresses trichome initiation on the abaxial epidermis. The GA-deficient mutants ga1-5 and ga4-1 and the GA-insensitive mutant gai-1 exhibit delayed onset of ...
We report eight new mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana possessing altered leaf morphology and epicuticular wax. These were isolated from a T-DNA-mutagenized population using a visual screen for altered leaf reflectance, i.e. increased glaucousness or glossiness. The mutants were placed into three distinct classes based on alterations in overall plant morphology: knobhead (knb), bicentifolia (bcf), and wax. The four knb mutants formed callus-like growths in the axillary region of the rosette leaves and apical meristem, the two bcf mutants produced hundreds of narrow leaves, and the two wax mutants had leaves and stems that were more glossy than wild type and organs that fused during early development. Leaves of knb and bcf were more glaucous and abnormally shaped than wild type. Epicuticular wax crystals over knb and bcf leaf surfaces (where none were present on wild type) likely contributed to their more glaucous appearance. In contrast, the glossy appearance of the wax mutants was associated with ...
A physiologically based steady-state model of whole leaf photosynthesis (WHOLEPLOT) is used to analyze observed net photosynthesis daily time course of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., leaves. Observations during two time periods of the 1978 growing season are analyzed and compared. After adjustment of the model for soybean, net photosynthesis rates are calculated with the model in response to measured incident light intensity, leaf temperature, air carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf diffusion resistance. The steady-sate calculations closely approximate observed net photosynthesis. Results of the comparison reveal a decrease in photosynthetic capacity in leaves sampled during the second time period, which is associated with decreasing ability of leaves to respond to light intensity and internal air space carbon dioxide concentration, increasing mesophyll resistance, and increasing stomatal resistance.. ...
A key question in biology is how differences in gene function or regulation produce new morphologies during evolution. Here we investigate the genetic basis for differences in leaf form between two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta. We report that in C. hirsuta, class I KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) proteins are required in the leaf to delay cellular differentiation and produce a dissected leaf form, in contrast to A. thaliana, in which KNOX exclusion from leaves results in a simple leaf form. These differences in KNOX expression arise through changes in the activity of upstream gene regulatory sequences. The function of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/ROUGHSHEATH2/PHANTASTICA (ARP) proteins to repress KNOX expression is conserved between the two species, but in C. hirsuta the ARP-KNOX regulatory module controls new developmental processes in the leaf. Thus, evolutionary tinkering with KNOX regulation, constrained by ARP function, may have produced diverse leaf forms by
Purpose/Objectives:. To define the term photosynthesis and practice iodine test for the presence of starch in leaves. Compare the results of iodine test of two leaves one that has been exposed to sunlight and one that wrapped or unexposed.. Methods:. Parts of the geranium plant leaves have been covered by aluminum wrap for 48 hours. Take off a leaf with its petiole (stem) that has an aluminum shade on part of it. Make a drawing of the leaf exactly as you see it with the shades.. Remove the shade and place the leaf in boiling alcohol for about 10 minutes until the leaf is bleached white(the alcohol removes the chlorophyll).. Place the leaf carefully in to a dish of distilled water for about 2 minutes. Then place the leaf carefully in the Petri dish and add several drops of iodine solution.. Draw a picture of the leaf in the Petri dish at the end of the 2 minutes. Compare it to the 1st drawing. Your result will be these two pictures. Make sure that you label the pictures.. Results and Data:. The ...
We are excited to announce two exciting events coming up at our clinic in May!. 1) Keys To Obtaining A Healthy Weight. When: Tuesday, May 14 from 6-8pm. Where: A New Leaf Naturopathic Clinic. Who: Dr. James R. Conway, ND. What: An educational event that highlights some of the main factors that contribute to challenges with weight and how a healthy weight can be improved through various food and lifestyle changes. Dr. Conway, ND will examine some of the current health trends and diets-discussing some of the pros and cons of fad diets. A general approach to weight balance will be offered with a focus on nutrition, lifestyle, and physical activity. There will be a sneak peek of A New Leafs new TARGET Weight Management Program with 10-minute free mini-consults after the event. Free mini consultations can also be booked on Friday, May 17 and Saturday, May 18 by calling A New Leaf Naturopathic Clinic reception.. ...
For genetic analysis of mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis, we chose Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. as a model for leaf development in dicotyledonous plants. Leaves of the angustifolia mutant were the same length as but narrower and thicker than wild-type leaves. The total number of cells in leaf blades of angustifolia plants was the same as in the wild type. At the cellular level in the angustifolia mutant it was found that the cells were smaller in the leaf-width direction and larger in the leaf-thickness direction than in wild type, revealing the function of the ANGUSTIFOLIA gene, which is to control leaf morphology by regulating polarity-specific cell elongation. The existence of similar genes that regulate leaf development in the length direction was, therefore, predicted. Three loci and several alleles associated with short-leaved mutants were newly isolated as rotundifolia mutants. The rotundifolia3 mutant had the same number of cells as the wild type, with reduced cell elongation in the ...
These environmental causes are the triggers initiating the leaf movements and such mechanisms are called proximate causes. The ultimate cause is the adaptive significance of these movements to the growth or success of the species. There must be a significant adaptive importance to leaf movement in rhododendrons because of several lines of evidence. First the leaf anatomy is very unusual because the water and food carrying system (xylem and phloem) has a corrugated shape traveling from one side of the leaf and back. This orientation limits stretching of the rigid water conducting tissue during leaf curling. There must have been strong evolutionary pressure for leaf curling to select for such an unusual leaf anatomy. Second, if the leaves are not allowed to curl during the winter, up to 30% die. The remaining leaves have a much reduced photosynthetic rate. The leaves which are not able to curl or droop become chlorotic (yellow) before death. We believe that rhododendron leaves curl to prevent ...
Its pale green leaves … Calathea Fusion White has lovely green and white marbling on the leaves with pale purple undersides. The most common reason your Calatheas leaves are turning brown on the edges could be due to your tap water. Rattlesnake plant, scientific name Calathea lancifolia, is a popular variety of the Calathea plants. Calathea zebrina gets its name from its beautifully striped leaves. Jul 23, 2020 - Explore April Chavezs board Calathea roseopicta on Pinterest. Calathea leaves curling up, which usually goes with leaves turning brown, is a sign of serious dehydration. Originating in the humid forests of South America, C. ornata features leaves with pale pink striations that become white with age and purple undersides. Calatheas are commonly called Prayer Plants because their leaves close at night. The upper surfaces of the leaves are marked with dark green blotches along the veins, and the lower surfaces coloured deep purple, with leaf shafts that are very thin. This plant ...
On One Hand: No-Pepper Plant Leaves Should Not Be EatenIn their natural state, many pepper plant leaves are poisonous for human consumption. Specifically, the capsicum annum species, commonly referred to as the chili pepper, is an example of a pepper with poisonous leaves. Even common bell peppers should not have their leaves eaten raw.On the Other: Yes-Some Pepper Plants Can Be EatenBell pepper leaves, while raw can be poisonous, are edible after being boiled or cooked. This is true of many pepper varieties. If prepared properly, through cooking or boiling, pepper leaves can be cooked and consumed similar to spinach.Bottom LineTreat all p...
Figure 1. Acer platanoides leaf. Upper side of leaf is on left.. The leaf is very dark green-almost black, in artificial light. The veins and stem are a reddish purple, especially on the underside of the leaf. The leaf is palmately lobed with two small lobes near the base and 5 major lobes toward the tip. I had noticed yesterday that the stem of the Horse-chestnut seemed comparatively long, but this stem is much longer relative to the leaf. The stem is half-again longer than the leaf. I noticed, however, that there was a lot of variability in stem length. The leaf has 11 holes where presumably insects have been consuming leaf material. Most holes run along a vein. One hole spans a vein in the leaf leaving just a narrow bridge across the hole. A number of holes have a kidney shaped pattern with smooth outward borders and a ragged inner border, perhaps related to the pattern of consuming the leaf.. On the underside of the leaf is a small, white cocoon. The area is covered over with a dense layer ...
The large flowers of orchids make them popular as cultivated plants. Seven species of orchids in the genus Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) have been crossbred to create more than 220 hybrids that serve as popular cultivated ornamentals. The present study examined the daily variation in the patterns of the net photosynthetic rate and the photosynthetic response of wild Cymbidium faberi in the Qinling Mountains in northwestern China. The photosynthetic characteristics of this species were studied under natural conditions with a portable photosynthesis system. Double peaks were observed in the net photosynthetic rate with one around 09:00 and another around 17:00 in spring, as well as one around 11:00 and another around 15:00 in winter. Midday depression of photosynthesis was observed in wild C. faberi plants around 13:00 in both spring and winter. The net photosynthetic rate was strongly positively correlated with both stomatal conductance (R = 0.913) and the transpiration rate (R = 0.659) and weakly negatively
Kattge J, Knorr W. 2007. Temperature acclimation in a biochemical model of photosynthesis: a reanalysis of data from 36 species. Plant, Cell & Environment 30: 1176-1190.. Kattge J, Diaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice C, Leadley P, Boenisch G, Garnier E, Westoby M, Reich PB, Wright IJ, et al. 2011. TRY - a global database of plant traits. Global Change Biology 17: 2905-2935.. Walker AP, Beckerman AP, Gu L, Kattge J, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Scales JC, Wohlfahrt G, Wullschleger SD, Woodward FI. 2014. The relationship of leaf photosynthetic traits-Vcmax and Jmax-to leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and specific leaf area: A meta-analysis and modelling study. Ecology and Evolution.. Wullschleger SD. 1993. Biochemical limitations to carbon assimilation in C3 plants - a retrospective analysis of the A/Ci curves from 109 species. Journal of Experimental Botany 44: 907-920.. Data Source References: Aranda I, Castro L, Pardos M, Gil L, Pardos JA. 2005. Effects of the interaction between drought and shade on water ...
Premise of the study: Phenotypes of two Andropogon gerardii subspecies, big bluestem and sand bluestem, vary throughout the prairie ecosystem of North America. This study sought to determine the role of genetics and environment in driving adaptive variation of leaf structure in big bluestem and sand bluestem. Methods: Four populations of big bluestem and one population of sand bluestem were planted in common gardens at four sites across a precipitation gradient from western Kansas to southern Illinois. Internal leaf structure and trichome density of A. gerardii were examined by light microscopy to separate genetic and environmentally controlled traits. Leaf thickness, midrib thickness, bulliform cells, interveinal distance, vein size, and trichome density were quantified. Key results: At all planting sites, sand bluestem and the xeric population of A. gerardii had thicker leaves and fewer bulliform cells compared with mesic populations. Environment and genetic source population were both ...
Four to 10 h of soil flooding delayed and suppressed the normal daily increase in root hydraulic conductance (Lp) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Ailsa Craig) plants. The resulting short-term loss of synchrony between Lp and stomatal conductance decreased leaf water potential ([psi]L) relative to well-drained plants within 2 h. A decrease in [psi]L persisted for 8 h and was mirrored by decreased leaf thickness measured using linear displacement transducers. After 10 h of flooding, further closing of stomata and re-convergence of Lp in flooded and well-drained roots returned [psi]L to control values. In the second photoperiod, Lp in flooded plants exceeded that in well-drained plants in association with much increased Lp and decreased stomatal conductance. Pneumatic balancing pressure applied to roots of intact flooded plants to prevent temporary loss of [psi]L in the 1st d did not modify the patterns of stomatal closure or leaf expansion. Thus, the magnitude of the early negative ...
Leaf biochemistry and biophysical parameters are important for simulating soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere exchanges of energy, water, CO2 and ammonia. The accumulation of leaf nitrogen (N) in vegetation canopies is a major component of the ecosystem N balance, and leaf N concentration and leaf area index (LAI) are important determinants of the maximum CO2 uptake by plants and trees. In NEU, high spatial resolution remote sensing data from the SPOT satellite were acquired to prepare maps of leaf N and LAI for 5 European landscapes. Mapping was conducted using the REGFLEC model which is an automatic and image‐based methodology developed for regional chlorophyll (Cab) and LAI estimation (ie. Houborg and Andersen, JARS 3, 2009). REGFLEC combines models for atmospheric correction (6S), canopy reflectance ...
Heterophylly, or phenotypic plasticity in leaf form, is a remarkable feature of amphibious plants. When the shoots of these plants grow underwater, they often develop surprisingly different leaves from those that emerge in air. Among aquatic plants, it is typical for two or more distinct leaf development processes to be observed in the same individual exposed to different environments. Here, we analyze the developmental processes of heterophylly in the amphibious plant Callitriche palustris L. (Plantaginaceae). First, we reliably cultured this species under laboratory conditions and established a laboratory strain. We also established a framework for molecular-based developmental analyses, such as whole-mount in situ hybridization. We observed several developmental features of aerial and submerged leaves, including changes in form, stomata and vein formation, and transition of the meristematic zone. Then we defined developmental stages for C. palustris leaves. We found that in early stages, aerial and
Looking for simple leaf? Find out information about simple leaf. A leaf having one blade, or a lobed leaf in which the separate parts do not reach down to the midrib Explanation of simple leaf
Abstract:. The mixed salt stress is common in nature. Salt stressalways affects plant growth. Different plant species have different adaptive capacity to salty soil. Leymus chinensis is an herbaceous plant with different leaf colors. However, little research was conducted to explore the different tolerance mechanisms to salt stress among the three different leaf colour genotypes of Leymus chinensis (grey green, transitional color, yellow green). Pot experiments for Leymus chinensis in three leaf colors were conducted under mixed salt treatments in 2010. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein concentrations, and the activity of various antioxidant enzymes [i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)] were determined and compared among the three leaf color genotypes of Leymus chinensis. The concentrations of MDA and protein, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes ...
Cleared leaf and X-ray images of leaf samples from specimens of the Senckenberg herbaria FR and GLM; X-ray images were produced using 2D contact microradiography and 3D X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT). For images of leaf fragments, the lowest visible vein order is indicated as reference vein (see comment); for each of these fragments, there is usually an associated image of the entire leaf in this collection. All specimens with a herbarium ID or barcode (e.g. FR-0012813) can usually be searched in the Senckenberg Collection Management System to retrieve more detailed specimen data (e.g. locality, date of collection, digital herbarium specimen etc.) together with the leaf venation images. Due to the use of different image processing standards, multiple 2D X-ray images may be available for a specimen. For part of the specimens, leaf venation data (e.g. vein density) were incorporated in the TRY database (www.try-db.org). Leaf samples of Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, Quercus faginea ...
Cleared leaf and X-ray images of leaf samples from specimens of the Senckenberg herbaria FR and GLM; X-ray images were produced using 2D contact microradiography and 3D X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT). For images of leaf fragments, the lowest visible vein order is indicated as reference vein (see comment); for each of these fragments, there is usually an associated image of the entire leaf in this collection. All specimens with a herbarium ID or barcode (e.g. FR-0012813) can usually be searched in the Senckenberg Collection Management System to retrieve more detailed specimen data (e.g. locality, date of collection, digital herbarium specimen etc.) together with the leaf venation images. Due to the use of different image processing standards, multiple 2D X-ray images may be available for a specimen. For part of the specimens, leaf venation data (e.g. vein density) were incorporated in the TRY database (www.try-db.org). Leaf samples of Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, Quercus faginea ...
In the field, leaves may face very different light intensities within the tree canopy. Leaves usually respond with light-induced morphological and photosynthetic changes, in a phenomenon known as phenotypic plasticity. Canopy light distribution, leaf anatomy, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and pigment composition were investigated in an olive (Olea europaea, cvs. Arbequina and Arbosana) orchard planted with a high-density system (1,250 trees ha−1). Sampling was made from three canopy zones: a lower canopy (,1 m), a central one (1-2 m), and an upper one (,2 m). Light interception decreased significantly in the lower canopy when compared to the central and top ones. Leaf angle increased and photosynthetic rates and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased significantly and progressively from the upper canopy to the central and the lower canopies. The largest leaf areas were found in the lower canopy, especially in the cultivar Arbequina. The palisade and spongy parenchyma were ...
An easy way to enjoy fresh salad right from your own garden is to plant leaf lettuce. Unlike Bibb or iceberg lettuce, which you harvest all at once, leaf lettuce can be harvested as needed, a few leaves at a time, and will continue to produce new leaves over most of the growing season. To make sure theres always ...
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, salad greens, pot herbs, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Although they come from a very wide variety of plants, most share a great deal with other leaf vegetables in nutrition and cooking methods. Nearly one thousand species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach. Woody plants of various species also provide edible leaves. The leaves of many fodder crops are also edible for humans, but usually only eaten under famine conditions. Examples include; alfalfa, clover, most grasses, including wheat and barley. These plants are often much more prolific than traditional leaf vegetables, but exploitation of their rich nutrition is difficult, due to their high fiber content. This can be overcome by further processing such as drying and grinding into powder or pulping and ...
Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, vegetable greens, leafy greens, or salad greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Although they come from a very wide variety of plants, most share a great deal with other leaf vegetables in nutrition and cooking methods. Nearly one thousand species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach. Woody plants of various species also provide edible leaves. The leaves of many fodder crops are also edible for humans, but usually only eaten under famine conditions. Examples include; alfalfa, clover, most grasses, including wheat and barley. These plants are often much more prolific than traditional leaf vegetables, but exploitation of their rich nutrition is difficult, due to their high fiber content. This can be overcome by further processing such as drying and grinding into powder or pulping and pressing ...
The growth and development of the banana bunch rely on the physiological activity of functional leaves that are present from the appearance of inflorescence at the apex of the pseudostem and during fruit development (Barrera et al., 2009). The maximum leaf area in the banana plant coincides with the emergence of inflorescence at the apex of the pseudostem since afterwards no new leaves are produced because the bunch is terminal and the area begins to decline as older leaves become senescent (Robinson and Guy, 2010; Turner et al., 2010). In the Urabá region, the banana plant emits 35 to 36 leaves during the vegetative phase at a frequency of 1 leaf/week during the rainy season and 0.4 to 0.6 leaves/week in drought conditions (Mira et al., 2004).. Studies have shown that in Musa, defoliation, depending on the timing and intensity, reduces yield and fruit quality (Ostmark, 1974; Stover, 1980; Satyanarayana, 1986). In this regard, Daniells et al. (1994) suggest the retention of 9-10 leaves from ...
Scoffoni et al. determined the physiological drought tolerance and architecture of 10 woody species. The authors test key components of leaf venation architecture to understand the underlying leaf structural mechanisms for drought tolerance. Most work on drought tolerance focuses on stems and highlight xylem geometries, but the authors show that the density of veins in a leaf are the best correlate with its physiological tolerance of drought. High vein density provides insurance against embolism and allows water to continue to be supplied to areas adjacent to veins that have experienced embolisms that necessarily accompany low water potentials. ...
Leaf vegetables are leaves from various plants that are edible with some leaves having tender shoots, such as beet greens, attached. Leaf vegetables are very high in nutrition and may be used in various culinary dishes.. While there are over a thousand species of leaf vegetables, they generally come from plants that are short-lived such as lettuce and spinach. Leaf vegetables are high in vitamin K which is caused from the photosynthesis that takes place during the growing phase. Anyone on anticoagulant therapy such as Coumadin will need to monitor their intake of leaf vegetables, as they will interfere with the anticoagulant levels in the blood stream.. Other benefits of eating leaf vegetables is that they are low in fat and calories, high in protein and fiber, high iron and calcium content as well as vitamin C, folate, magnesium, and carotenoids.. During periods of famine, leaves from fodder crops such as alfalfa, clover, and most grasses, can also be eaten. The leaves can be dried or ground ...
Leaf senescence is a complex process, controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables. In sunflower, leaf senescence is triggered abruptly following anthesis thereby limiting the capacity of plants to keep their green leaf area during grain filling, which subsequently has a strong impact on crop yield. Recently, we performed a selection of contrasting sunflower inbred lines for the progress of leaf senescence through a physiological, cytological and molecular approach. Here we present a large scale transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq and its integration with metabolic profiles for two contrasting sunflower inbred lines, R453 and B481-6 (early and delayed senescence respectively), with the aim of identifying metabolic pathways associated to leaf senescence. Gene expression profiles revealed a higher number of differentially expressed genes, as well as, higher expression levels in R453, providing evidence for early activation of the senescence program in this line. Metabolic pathways
Perennials, Aquatic, leaves emergent, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 2-6 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades disarticulating from sheath, deciduous at ligule, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades lanceolate, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades 2 or more cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Ligule present, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence ...
Drought has dramatic negative effects on plants growth and crop productivity. Although some of the responses and underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, there is increasing evidence that drought may have a negative effect on photosynthetic capacity. Biochemical models of leaf photosynthesis coupled with models of radiation transfer have been widely used in ecophysiological studies, and, more recently, in global change modeling. They are based on two fundamental relationships at the scale of the leaf: (i) nitrogen content-light exposure and (ii) photosynthetic capacity nitrogen content. Although drought is expected to increase in many places across the world, such models are not adapted to drought conditions. More specifically, the effects of drought on the two fundamental relationships are not well documented. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of a long-term drought imposed slowly on the nitrogen content and photosynthetic capacity of leaves similarly exposed ...
Olive leaf teas have been used for thousands of years to lower fevers, and olive leaf poultices are among the oldest therapies for infections of the skin. Olive leaf is associated with a variety of modern medical claims, some of them backed up with scientific evidence: ´ Antibacterial effects. Elenoic acid from olives is known to be antibacterial (killing both infectious and helpful bacteria), but the elenoic acid in olive leaf may be broken down in the process of making the tea. Olive leaf poultices may heal skin by encouraging circulation rather than by killing bacteria. ´ Cardiovascular effects. Oleuropein in olive leaf and in olives may prevent LDL cholesterol from oxidizing into a form that can form atherosclerotic plaques. The chemical also lowers blood pressure, although only slightly (3 to 8 mm/Hg after 3 to 4 weeks? use). ´ Diabetes. Olive leaf extracts have been shown in laboratory studies to lower blood sugars, but their use in treating diabetes in humans is not well ...
The leaf blade, or lamina, of Vitis species is bordered on the upper and lower surfaces by the upper and lower epidermal layers. Between these layers are the inner tissues of the leaf that are collectively called the mesophyll. Palisade parenchyma tissue is located near the adaxial (upper) surface of the leaf. These parenchyma cells contain many chloroplasts and are thus main players in the process of photosynthesis. The spongy mesophyll tissue is made up of more loosely packed parenchyma cells. Areas within the spongy mesophyll, termed substomatal cavities, are where gas exchange takes place.. Many leaves in Vitis species contain raphide crystals. In this leaf these calcium oxalate crystals are contained in a bundle. ...
Plants with leaves all year round are evergreens, and those that shed their leaves are deciduous. Deciduous trees and shrubs generally lose their leaves in autumn. Before this happens, the leaves change colour. The leaves will grow back in spring. Leaves come in many shapes and sizes. The biggest undivided leaf is that of a giant edible arum. This lives in marshy parts of the tropical rain forest of Borneo. One of its leaves can be ten feet across and have a surface area of over 30 square feet (~2.8 sq. metres).[1] However, leaves are always thin so carbon dioxide can diffuse quickly to all cells. ...
Olive Leaf Health and Wellness Information is your source for the latest info and research on olive leaf health. Discover the health benefits of our olive leaf extract drink. Many scientific studies show that olive leaf health benefits include boosting immune system, fighting cholesterol, treating diabetes, lowering high blood pressure, fighting arthritis, and preventing cancer. Olive leaf also contains many phenols, antioxidants that neutralize the action of free radicals. The oleuropein, and other compound found in olive leaf, have a unique feature that makes the leaves particularly effective in fighting against bacteria and viruses such as herpes.
Angiosperm - Angiosperm - Leaves: Leaves initially arise from cell divisions in the shoot apical meristem. A slight bulge (a leaf buttress) is produced, which in dicots continues to grow and elongate to form a leaf primordium. (Stipules, if present, appear as two small protuberances.) Marginal and submarginal meristems on opposite flanks of the primordium initiate leaf-blade formation. Differences in the local activity of marginal meristems cause the lobed shapes of simple leaves and the leaflets in compound leaves. An increase in width and in the number of cell layers is brought about by marginal meristems. Subsequent expansion and increase in length is achieved by
Olive Leaf Health and Wellness Information is your source for the latest info and research on olive leaf health. Discover the health benefits of our olive leaf extract drink. Many scientific studies show that olive leaf health benefits include boosting immune system, fighting cholesterol, treating diabetes, lowering high blood pressure, fighting arthritis, and preventing cancer. Olive leaf also contains many phenols, antioxidants that neutralize the action of free radicals. The oleuropein, and other compound found in olive leaf, have a unique feature that makes the leaves particularly effective in fighting against bacteria and viruses such as herpes.
A total APAL nutrient analysis enables you or your agronomist to formulate and exact foliar program.. Leaf/Soil analysis: There are significant differences between a soil and plant leaf analysis. LEAF (TISSUE) ANALYSIS. Represents plant nutrient levels and uptake of elements as a result of soil levels and soil imbalances.. A leaf analysis is not always an indication of soil levels.. SOIL ANALYSIS. Shows available soil elements and mineral imbalances.. Plant uptake can be different due to soil imbalances.. UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE. BETWEEN A LEAF AND A SOIL ANALYSIS and the IMPORTANCE OF BOTH. A leaf analysis can often be seen as a reflection of the soil in that it reflects what nutrients the soils mineral balance is allowing the plant to extract eg. High soil potassium inhibit plant uptake of magnesium, high magnesium soils inhibit plant potassium, high sodium inhibits plant potassium and calcium and high soil calcium inhibits plant uptake of most trace elements, so we often see a mineral ...
Appropriate leaf positioning is essential for optimizing photosynthesis and plant growth. However, it has not been elucidated how green leaves reach and maintain their position for capturing light. We show here the regulation of leaf positioning under blue light stimuli. When 1-week-old Arabidopsis seedlings grown under white light were transferred to red light (25 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) for 5 d, new petioles that appeared were almost horizontal and their leaves were curled and slanted downward. However, when a weak blue light from above (0.1 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) was superimposed on red light, the new petioles grew obliquely upward and the leaves were flat and horizontal. The leaf positioning required both phototropin1 (phot1) and nonphototropic hypocotyl 3 (NPH3), and resulted in enhanced plant growth. In an nph3 mutant, neither optimal leaf positioning nor leaf flattening by blue light was found, and blue light-induced growth enhancement was drastically reduced. When blue light was increased from 0.1
Symptoms: Small dark, angular, necrotic lesions occur on the upper surface of grapevine leaves. On the lower leaf surface, the lesions are covered by sporulating pustules (Weinert et al. 2003). The disease can cause premature defoliation and reduce the fruit quality and yeld (Ono 2000). The fungus: P. euvitis is heteroecious and macrocyclic. Uredina on Vitis, hypophyllous, minute, scattered or aggregate in small groups, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, surrounded by cylindrical to weakly incurved, evenly thin-walled or dorsally thick-walled (1.5?4 µm) paraphyses of 30?75 µm high. Urediniospores obovoid, obovoid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 15?29 x 10?18 µm, the wall ca 1.5 µm thick, echinulate with 6 scattered or rarely 4 equatorial germ pores. Telia on Vitis, hypophyllous, crustose, brown to blackish brown, often confluent, subepidermal, applanate. Teliospores more or less regularly arranged in 3?5 layers, oblong to oblong-ellipsoid, 13?32 x 7?13 µm, the wall thin, pale brown at the top ...
In this study, backward and forward fluorescence radiance within the emission spectrum of 640-850 nm were measured for leaves of soybean, cotton, peanut and wheat using a hyperspectral spectroradiometer coupled with an integration sphere. Fluorescence parameters of crop leaves were retrieved from the leaf hyperspectral measurements by inverting the FluorMODleaf model, a leaf-level fluorescence model able to simulate chlorophyll fluorescence spectra for both sides of leaves. This model is based on the widely used and validated PROSPECT (leaf optical properties) model. Firstly, a sensitivity analysis of the FluorMODleaf model was performed to identify and quantify influential parameters to assist the strategy for the inversion. Implementation of the Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) method showed that the leaf chlorophyll content and the fluorescence lifetimes of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) were the most sensitive parameters among all eight inputs of the FluorMODleaf
Ammonia exchange fluxes between grassland and the atmosphere were modelled on the basis of stomatal compensation points and leaf surface chemistry, and compared with measured fluxes during the GRAMINAE intensive measurement campaign in spring 2000 near Braunschweig, Germany. Leaf wetness and dew chemistry in grassland were measured together with ammonia fluxes and apoplastic NH4+ and H+ concentration, and the data were used to apply, validate and further develop an existing model of leaf surface chemistry and ammonia exchange. Foliar leaf wetness which is known to affect ammonia fluxes may be persistent after the end of rainfall, or sustained by recondensation of water vapour originating from the ground or leaf transpiration, so measured leaf wetness values were included in the model. pH and ammonium concentrations of dew samples collected from grass were compared to modelled values. The measurement period was divided into three phases: a relatively wet phase followed by a dry phase in the first ...
Abstract: This paper presents an automated medicinal plant leaf identification system. The Colour Texture analysis of the leaves is done using the statistical, the Grey Tone Spatial Dependency Matrix(GTSDM) and the Local Binary Pattern(LBP) based features with 20 different colour spaces(RGB, XYZ, CMY, YIQ, YUV, $YC_{b}C_{r}$, YES, $U^{*}V^{*}W^{*}$, $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$, $L^{*}u^{*}v^{*}$, lms, $l\alpha\beta$, $I_{1} I_{2} I_{3}$, HSV, HSI, IHLS, IHS, TSL, LSLM and KLT). Classification of the medicinal plant is carried out with 70\% of the dataset in training set and 30\% in the test set. The classification performance is analysed with Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD), kNearest Neighbour(kNN), Support Vector Machines based on Radial basis function kernel(SVM-RBF), Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA) classifiers. Results of classification on a dataset of 250 leaf images belonging to five different species of plants show the identification rate of 98.7 \%. The ...
As common in other Poaceae, bamboos have similar characters of leaf anatomy, such as fusiform and arm cells in the chlorenchyma, not radiate mesophyll and two-celled trichomes of the Panicum type (GPWG 2001). However, the effectiveness of these and other characters for the taxonomy of the group has been little evaluated, especially with regard to herbaceous groups. The available literature indicates that these characters can vary little within a genus, as indicated in Oliveira et al. (2008a) for Raddia Bertol., or they can vary considerably and even help in specific delimitation, as for instance within Pariana Aubl. in Eastern Brazil (Oliveira et al., 2008b).. The data analysed here represent the first formal description of leaf anatomy of members of Parodiolyra, contributing to increase the knowledge about the group. Our main objective was to examine the leaf anatomy of representatives of this genus occurring in forests of Eastern Brazil, based on samples collected in the state of Bahia, in ...
Changes in the level of phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins with leaf positions were studied in L. camara twigs. Leaves at different positions (from apex to base) in a twig represented gradient increase in the leaf age, apical being the youngest leaves. The study showed that the fresh weight, dry weight and area of the leaves increased rapidly from I until IV position in a twig. Levels of phenolics remained unchanged from I to V leaf position, while a sharp increase in the levels of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids was observed during I to III leaf position which decreased markedly thereafter. At any leaf position in a twig, the level of proanthocynidin was higher than both phenolics and flavonoids, while the proportion of flavonoids was much higher than the phenolics. In fact, phenolics were present in very small amounts. In addition, antioxidant potential of leaves extracts was measured in terms of reducing and scavenging activity. The study revealed that extracts prepared from leaves ...
Measurement or estimation of leaf area is essential for understanding crop responses to experimental treatments. The objective of this study was to develop regression models for estimating leaf area of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from measurements of leaf dry weight (LDW), vegetative components (stems and leaves) dry weight (VDW) and plant height (PH). Three cotton cultivars (Deltapine 25, Sahel and Siokra 324) with different leaf morphologies were grown under varying growth conditions created by four different planting dates in a temperate sub-humid environment (Gorgan, Iran). Leaf area, LDW, VDW and PH were measured at one month after emergence, squaring, flowering, bolling, boll opening and second harvest. Data set for validation was collected during growing season of 2003 in different experiments. Measured leaf area ranged from 170 to 8167 cm2 plant -1. Different regression models were examined for describing leaf area relationships to LDW, VDW and PH. It was found that the power
Bean leaf beetle injury to soybean seedlings (two plants). Where do bean leaf beetles spend the winter? Bean leaf beetle adults overwinter throughout the Midwest primarily beneath leaf litter in woodlots surrounding soybean fields. Dr. Larry Pedigo, professor of entomology, Iowa State University, reports that approximately 80% of adults spend the winter in wooded areas, 20% beneath soybean residue in fields, and fewer than 1% in protected areas of alfalfa stands, cornfields, and other grassy areas. Bean leaf beetle adults become active in April and are commonly observed in stands of alfalfa. While in alfalfa, some feeding and egg laying takes place; however, bean leaf beetles are not considered to be of any economic importance to this crop. When do bean leaf beetle adults abandon alfalfa? As the first cutting of alfalfa is taking place and the earliest-planted soybean fields begin to emerge, bean leaf beetle adults leave alfalfa and colonize soybeans. Females that fly to soybean fields have ...
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Bruce Potter and Ken Ostlie (University of Minnesota) developed a rating scale to help make treatment decisions:. 0 no spider mites or injury observed. 1 minor stippling on lower leaves and no premature yellowing observed. 2 stippling common on lower leaves and small areas on scattered plants with yellowing observed. 3 heavy stippling on lower leaves with some stippling progressing into the middle canopy and leaf yellowing and some leaf loss observed; mites scattered in the middle and top canopy [Economic threshold]. 4 lower leaf yellowing readily apparent and leaf drop common; stippling, webbing and mites common in the middle canopy; mites and minor stippling present in upper canopy [Economic injury]. 5 lower leaf loss common and yellowing moving to the middle canopy; stippling and distortion of upper leaves common; mites in upper canopy observed.. Organophosphates are the recommended insecticidal chemistry for twospotted spider mite control (e.g., dimethoate and chlorpyrifos). Most pyrethroids ...
Leaves of higher plants are produced in a sequential manner through the differentiation of cells that are derived from the shoot apical meristem. Current evidence suggests that this transition from meristematic to leaf cell fate requires the down-regulation of knotted1-like homeobox (knox) gene expression. If knox gene expression is not repressed, overall leaf shape and cellular differentiation within the leaf are perturbed. In order to identify genes that are required for the aquisition of leaf cell fates, we have genetically screened for recessive mutations that confer phenotypes similar to dominant mutations (e.g. Knotted1 and Rough sheath1) that result in the ectopic expression of class I knox genes. Independently derived mutations at the rough sheath2 (rs2) locus condition a range of pleiotropic leaf, node and internode phenotypes that are sensitive to genetic background and environment. Phenotypes include dwarfism, leaf twisting, disorganized differentiation of the blade-sheath boundary, ...
To investigate the interactive effects of drought, heat and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on plant water relations and grain yield in wheat, two wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance (Gladius and Paragon) were grown under ambient and elevated [CO2], and were exposed to post-anthesis drought and heat stress. The stomatal conductance, plant water relation parameters, abscisic acid concentration in leaf and spike, and grain yield components were examined. Both stress treatments and elevated [CO2] reduced the stomatal conductance, which resulted in lower leaf relative water content and leaf water potential. Drought induced a significant increase in leaf and spike abscisic acid concentrations, while elevated [CO2] showed no effect. At maturity, post-anthesis drought and heat stress significantly decreased the grain yield by 21.3%-65.2%, while elevated [CO2] increased the grain yield by 20.8% in wheat, which was due to the changes of grain number per spike and thousand ...
Introduction Because of its vigorous growth, poplar can play an important role for sustainable production of woody biomass to cover renewable energy needs. Hence, the selection of suitable genotypes has to be based on relevant traits, among which intrinsic water use efficiency (W i, estimated through leaf carbon isotope discrimination, Δ) may be a key trait. Besides a large genetic variation in Δ among the frequently planted poplar hybrids, the use of Δ in deployment or breeding programmes requires insights in the robustness of the genotype ranking for Δ across environments and years. Methods Two F1 full-sib families of poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra and Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa) were grown at two sites in Europe, i.e. northern Italy and central France. For each family, leaf samples from 31 F1 genotypes collected during different field studies were used (1) to assess the effect of genotype, site and year on Δ in leaves, as well as their mutual interactions, and ...
Abstract: The genus Quercus is known for the occurrence of frequent hybridization events between species. Although this phenomenon is not common among holm oak (Q. ilex) and cork oak (Q. suber), these species can hybridize when they coexist in mixed stands. The result of hybridization is a viable hybrid progeny with very heterogeneous leaf morphology. Literature concerning the leaf morphology of suber-ilex hybrid seedlings is scarce, and non-existent from a quantitative point of view. In the case of the leaf morphology of hybrids and their progeny, it has been observed a high frequency of leaves with fluctuating asymmetry or developmental abnormalities, which can have a marked effect on fitness. In this work, we have characterized seedlings leaf morphology corresponding to two- and four-year-old half-sib progenies of holm oak, cork oak and their hybrids. For this purpose, three to ten leaves of each individual were collected, and two methodologies were used for analysis. Firstly, we used a classic
Remington Electric Leaf Blower. Echo 354 Gas Leaf Blower . Toro 51618 Ultra-Plus Leaf Blower Vacuum. Toro 51619 Ultra Electric (Best for Big Yards or Heavy-Duty Jobs) Buy on Amazon.com. Toro 51621 UltraPlus Leaf Blower Vacuum, Variable-Speed (up to 250 mph) with Metal Impeller, 12 amp (Renewed) 4.2 out of 5 stars 57 $115.81 $ 115 . Sort by . Here is a list of The Best Leaf Blowers. What you will get from this list are high-performance leaf blowers that surely will get the job done for the coming years. 20 Best Rated Leaf Blowers On Sale In 2021 Reviews + Guide; Top 5 Leaf Blowers For The Money: Gas & Electric Reviews 2021; Best 5 Cordless Leaf Blower Vacuum Models In 2021 Reviews; Post navigation. Sun Joe SBJ597E Leaf Blower Sun Joe SBJ597E Leaf Blower. Compare. These units come with collection bags you can easily empty in a bin, and some of the best leaf blower vacuums can even turn yard debris into mulch. The Toro 51585 electric leaf blower is one cordless leaf blower that is quite popular ...
Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is an enzyme which mediates a regeneration of ascorbate from dehydroascorbate using GSH as the electron donor. Here we report a tropical fig lacking a heat-stable DHAR activity in leaves. The leaves of Ficus microcarpa L. f. cv. Golden Leaves are normally green under dim light but are yellow under full sunlight in the field. We compared DHAR activity from the leaves of Golden Leaves to that of the wild type using two distinct assay methods. Total leaf DHAR activity of Golden Leaves, determined in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and EDTA, was 0.3 μmol min−1 (mg protein)−1 which was comparable to that of the wild type or spinach leaves. This activity was completely eliminated by heat treatment at 80°C, whereas 40% of the activity was resistant to this treatment in the wild type leaves. Similar results were obtained with another assay method employing dithiothreitol and gel filtration. We conclude that the absence of heat-stable DHAR activity is a ...
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Abstract: To investigate the genotypic differences associated with the growth potential and leaf traits of Cornus wilsoniana W., we planted twenty C. wilsoniana families in southeastern China and analyzed nineteen leaf morphological and physiological traits that have potential relationships with growth. Seedling growth and leaf traits exhibited high variability among the C. wilsoniana families. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (CVs) of these traits varied from 5.33% (leaf length/leaf width, LL/LW) to 23.17% (stomatal conductance, gs), and their heritabilities (H2) ranged from 0.17 (chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b, Chla/Chlb) to 0.75 (stem height, H and Chla). There was greater genetic variation in the physiological traits than in the morphological traits. H was significantly positively correlated with instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), Chla, Chlb and total Chl, and diameter (D) was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate (Pn), gs, WUE, Chla, Chlb and total Chl and was
TY - JOUR. T1 - Consumption of purple sweet potato leaves modulates human immune response. T2 - T-lymphocyte functions, lytic activity of natural killer cell and antibody production. AU - Chen, Chiao-Ming. AU - Li, Sing Chung. AU - Lin, Ya Ling. AU - Hsu, Ching Y.. AU - Shieh, Ming J.. AU - Liu, Jen-Fang. PY - 2005/10/7. Y1 - 2005/10/7. N2 - Aim: To study the immunological effects of physiological doses of purple sweet potato leaves (PSPL). Methods: The randomized crossover study (two periods, each lasting for 2 wk) involved 16 healthy non-smoking adults of normal weight. The 6-wk study consisted of a run-in (wk 1) PSPL diet (daily consumption of 200 g PSPL) or a control diet (low polyphenols, with the amount of carotenoids adjusted to the same level as that of PSPL) (wk 2-3), washout diet (wk 4), and switched diet (wk 5-6). Fasting blood was collected weekly in the morning. T-lymphocyte function was assessed via the proliferation and secretion of immunoreactive cytokines. Salivary IgA secretion ...
The removal of Mg,Superscript,2+,/Superscript, is an important step in the chlorophyll degradation pathway and extracts from senescent and presenescent ,Emphasis Type=Italic,Arabidopsis thaliana,/Emphasis, leaves were analyzed for Mg-dechelatase activity, using chlorophyllin, an artificial derivative of the natural substrate, chlorophyllide. The optimum temperature and pH for this reaction were determined to be at approximately 50 °C and 7.2, respectively. Mg-dechelatase activity was enhanced by addition of EDTA and inhibited by MgCl,Subscript,2,/Subscript,, HgCl,Subscript,2,/Subscript, and reduced glutathione, indicating phenomenons such as retroinhibition by reaction products and dependence on the redox state of the mixture. Size exclusion chromatography was performed on ,Emphasis Type=Italic,Arabidopsis,/Emphasis, leaf extracts, and Mg-dechelatase activity was found in the fraction corresponding to molecular mass of about 42 kDa, which indicates that the Mg-dechelating compound in ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Pause-and-stop. T2 - The effects of osmotic stress on cell proliferation during early leaf development in Arabidopsis and a role for ethylene signaling in cell cycle arrest. AU - Skirycz, Aleksandra. AU - Claeys, Hannes. AU - de Bodt, Stefanie. AU - Oikawa, Akira. AU - Shinoda, Shoko. AU - Andriankaja, Megan. AU - Maleux, Katrien. AU - Eloy, Nubia Barbosa. AU - Coppens, Frederik. AU - Yoo, Sang Dong. AU - Saito, Kazuki. AU - Inzé, Dirk. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011/5. Y1 - 2011/5. N2 - Despite its relevance for agricultural production, environmental stress-induced growth inhibition, which is responsible for-significant yield reductions, is only poorly understood. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-cycle inhibition in young proliferating leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana when subjected to mild osmotic stress. A detailed cellular analysis demonstrated that as soon as osmotic stress is sensed, ...
Squeezed nchanwu leaves are applied to the skin for treating skin diseases and ringworm. The liquid extract can also cure cold and catarrh. Dilute the mixture with water and then drunk 3 times a day. Bitter leaf has many health benefits such as helping in treating eczema, ringworm, rashes among other infections of the skin. List of various diseases cured by Bitter Leaf. 5. Squeezed scent leaves are applied on the skin for treating skin diseases and ringworm. Basil contains effective anti-aging properties; therefore, it can help the skin fight against oxidative stress and free radical damage. Below is the list of amazing benefits of scent leaves and bitter leaves. Mashed scent leaves are also used in treating skin diseases such as ring worms. The compounds in Scent can overcome the problem of premature ejaculation in men. Here are the health benefit of scent leaf!!! Scent leaf crushed and applied to skin infections is a known remedy for their treatment. Crushed scent leaves of fragrant essential ...
Garden egg plant leaves. Heres a fall planting guide to help you decide what to plant in the fall vegetable garden with tips on succession gardening and the last planting dates for fall. Buy tickleme plant egg terrarium with paint set. There is nothing finer than the sight of a poinsettia blooming naturally. Rhubarb rheum rhabarbarum or rheum hybridum according to the british royal horticultural society is a species of plant in the family polygonaceae. The best way to maintain a healthy garden is to educate yourself and learn to identify common garden pests. This ancient plant also suits a variety of. The leaves of the plant close up when tickled or when blown a kiss. Trillium grandiflorum commonly known as great white trillium or wood lily is a simple graceful perennial that is one of the most. The hot red colour of its bracts never fail to liven and its famous red and green foliage. Eggplant us aubergine uk or brinjal south asia and south africa is a plant species in the nightshade family ...
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Read Effect of knockout of α-carbonic anhydrase 4 gene on photosynthetic characteristics and starch accumulation in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Links between leaf morphology and temperature have been established at a range of ecological scales [1,2]. Narrower leaves can lose heat without evapotranspiration during hot, dry summers [3]. We proposed that an observed decrease in leaf width in Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima was consistent with expectations from a changing climate based on a latitudinal cline [4].. Duncan [5] proposes a different interpretation by analysing leaf width data dating from before and after the onset of a significant warming trend separately. Duncan proposes the shift occurred before this warming trend and is not linked to temperature. Although this data split could be considered arbitrary, there is merit to the approach, in that a strong warming trend began from 1950. However, other analytical permutations may also be informative.. If temperature increases post-1950 have driven decreases in leaf width, we would expect to observe a shift between pre-1950 and more recent collections. We would also expect to ...
Betula papyrifera trees were exposed to elevated concentrations of CO2 (1.4 x ambient), O3 (1.2 x ambient) or CO2 + O3 at the Aspen Free-air CO2 Enrichment Experiment. The treatment effects on leaf surface characteristics were studied after nine years of tree exposure. CO2 and O3 increased epidermal cell size and reduced epidermal cell density but leaf size was not altered. Stomatal density remained unaffected, but stomatal index increased under elevated CO2. Cuticular ridges and epicuticular wax crystallites were less evident under CO2 and CO2 + O3. The increase in amorphous deposits, particularly under CO2 + O3, was associated with the appearance of elongated plate crystallites in stomatal chambers. Increased proportions of alkyl esters resulted from increased esterification of fatty acids and alcohols under elevated CO2 + O3. The combination of elevated CO2 and O3 resulted in different responses than expected under exposure to CO2 or O3 alone. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vitro rearing of Perkinsiella saccharicida and the use of leaf segments to assay Fiji disease virus transmission. AU - Hughes, G. L.. AU - Allsopp, P. G.. AU - Brumbley, S. M.. AU - Johnson, K. N.. AU - O'Neill, S. L.. PY - 2008/7. Y1 - 2008/7. N2 - Fiji leaf gall (FLG) is caused by the Reovirus, Fiji disease virus (FDV), which is transmitted to sugarcane by planthoppers of the genus Perkinsiella. Low vector transmission rates and slow disease symptom development make experimentation within the FDV-Perkinsiella-sugarcane system inherently difficult. A laboratory-based technique was devised to rear the vector using sugarcane leaves as a food source. Planthoppers were reared on sugarcane leaf segments embedded in agarose enclosed within plastic containers. To provide a nondestructive assay for determination of the inoculation potential of planthoppers, FDV was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in newly infected sugarcane leaf segments ...
PB Reich, MB Walters, DS Ellsworth, Leaf age and season influence the relationships between leaf nitrogen, leaf mass per area and photosynthesis in maple and oak trees, Plant, Cell & Environment Volume 14, Issue 3, pages 251-259, April 1991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01499.x p.253 fig. ...
Acharya TP, Welbaum GE, Arancibia RA (2020). Low tunnels reduce insect populations, insecticide application, and chewing insect damage on brussels sprouts. Journal of Economic Entomology 113:2553-2557. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa154 Bodhe TS, Mukherji P (2013). Selection of color space for image segmentation in pest detection. In: International Conference on Advances in Technology and Engineering (ICATE), Jan 23-25, 2013, Mumbai, India pp 1-7. Boissard P, Martin V, Moisan S (2008). A cognitive vision approach to early pest detection in greenhouse crops. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 62:81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.11.009 Chen J, Fan YY, Wang T, Zhang C, Qiu ZJ, He Y (2018). Automatic segmentation and counting of aphid nymphs on leaves using convolutional neural networks. Agronomy 8:1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080129 Gao XK, Xue H, Luo JY, Ji JC, Zhang LJ, Niu L, … Cui JJ (2020). Molecular evidence that Lysiphlebia japonica regulates the development ...
COMMON NAME Standardized: ginkgo Other: maidenhair tree BOTANICAL NAME Ginkgo biloba L. Plant Family: Ginkgoaceae OVERVIEW Ginkgo, the oldest living species of plant on earth, is more than 225 million years old. In this U.S. it has been one of the ten best selling herbs for more than 5 years and a standardized extract of ginkgo leaf is presently one of the most frequently used plant-based remedies in Europe. Recent research into the plant has discovered a range of active compounds in the leaves and this has excited a lot of interest in the health-promoting potential of the plant. The leaves contain ginkgolides, these are compounds that are unknown in any other plant species. The leaves are best harvested in the late summer or early autumn just as they begin to change color. They are dried for later use. Ginkgo leaf supports cognitive health.* USES AND PREPARATIONS Dried leaf. The leaves are considered sweet and have a gentle effect. They can be used in teas, capsules, and extracts. HERBAL
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Characteristic Value CLASS (1 = Oil Type, or 2 = Confectionery, non-oil type) 2 NO. OF DAYS TO FLOWERING 67 NO. OF DAYS TO MATURITY PLANT HEIGHT AT MATURITY (cm) 170 NUMBER OF LEAVES AT FLOWERING 28 STEM BRANCHING 1 = No Branching, 2 = Basal Branching, 3 = Top Branching (with central head) and 4 = Fully Branched (without central head). 4 INTERNODE LENGTH AT FLOWERING (cm) 7.3 STEM COLOR OF GROWING POINT (1 = Green or 2 = Yellow) 1 DEPTH OF LEAF MARGIN INDENTATIONS (1 = shallow, 2 = intermediate, 2 or 3 = deep) LEAF APEX (1 = acuminate or 2 = other) 1 LEAF ATTITUDE (1 = erect, 2 = ascending, 3 = horizontal or 4 = descending) 4 LEAF BASE 1 = auriculate, 2 = truncate, 3 = acute, 4 = rounded, or 5 = cordate 1 LEAF BLADE LENGTH (cm) 30 LEAF BLADE WIDTH (cm) 30 LEAF COLOR (1 = light green, 2 = green, 3 = dark green, or 4 = brown) 2 LEAF MARGIN (1 = entire, 2 = crenate, or 3 = serrate) 3 LEAF MARGIN COLOR (1 = green or 2 = yellow) 1 LEAF SHAPE (1 = cordate, 2 = lanceolate, 3 = ...
The interesting thing (for me, anyway) about net blotch is that there once was a time when the Helminthosporium leaf spot diseases, to which net blotch belongs, caused quiet a stir in the landscape. In particular, leaf spot and melting out of Kentucky bluegrass was a significant issue for some of the early bluegrass varieties. In susceptible grasses, leaf spot diseases cause large areas of turfgrass to rapidly decline. Plant breeders long ago brought leaf spot resistance into our varieties, but we still see some samples now and then.. Leaf spot and melting out of Kentucky bluegrass is caused by the fungus Drechslera poae and is characterized by reddish/purple, football shaped lesions that turn tan in the center.. ...
In my home garden, my cucumber plant leaves are turning brown/ yellow. It seems to be spreading. What should I do? I worked so hard on...
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a drought-tolerant species that grows in arid and semi-arid environments exposing to long periods of water deficit stress. Structure and functions of the plant organs including leaf anatomy are affected by drought stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress on some leaf anatomical traits including leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermal thickness, xylem width, metaxylem diameter, and vascular bundle width and their relationship with grain yield using 20 safflower genotypes under field conditions. A randomized complete block design was used in each of the non-stress and drought stress field conditions. Analysis of variance showed that drought stress significantly reduced all variables measured except vascular bundle width. The results also revealed the positive and significant correlations between grain yield with leaf thickness (r = 0.53**) and xylem width (r = 0.51**) under drought stress conditions. Due to this ...
Microbes emit volatile compounds that affect plant growth and development. However, little or nothing is known about how microbial emissions may affect primary carbohydrate metabolism in plants. In this work we explored the effect on leaf starch metabolism of volatiles released from different microbial species ranging from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to fungi. Surprisingly, we found that all microbial species tested (including plant pathogens and species not normally interacting with plants) emitted volatiles that strongly promoted starch accumulation in leaves of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. Starch content in leaves of plants treated for 2 d with microbial volatiles was comparable with or even higher than that of reserve organs such as potato tubers. Transcriptome and enzyme activity analyses of potato leaves exposed to volatiles emitted by Alternaria alternata revealed that starch overaccumulation was accompanied by up-regulation of sucrose synthase, invertase inhibitors, ...
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The research was conducted in Isparta ecological conditions during the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 crop growing seasons. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of late-season N application (LSN) on chlorophyll content and leaf area index (LAI) of wheat. The experiment was laid out in as Randomized Complete Block split-plot design with three replications. Gun-91, Gerek-79 and Altay-2000 wintery bread wheat cultivars were used. Nitrogen was applied as conventional N (two equal amounts at seed sowing and tillering stage) and late-season N supplies (one-third of was applied during sowing, one-third at the tillering stage and the rest was applied as foliar at post-pollination stage). Chlorophyll content and LAI were significantly affected by N applications in both years. Chlorophyll content an LAI of wheat cultivars varied, depending on cultivars, N application forms and growing period. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained from Gerek-79 x conventional N application during the ...
How to Harvest Tea using Scissors. Before tea plants produce shoots in seedbeds (in February- March), the surface is flatted. Dividing tea gardens into parts and making flattening in different times allow the crop to reach harvesting maturity in different times and expand the period of harvest. In this way, fresh leaves can be picked continuously. Harvesting in tea gardens reaching maturity is performed with bagged scissors. When the bag of scissors gets full, harvested tea leaves are poured on a fabric material. Tea leaves on the fabric material are observed. Wrongly harvested leaves and twigs are selected with hand and removed from the crop through breaking off properly. Moreover, tough and dry leaves, visible weeds and other leaf varieties are eliminated from the crop. Harvesting continues in this way. When the fabric material is full of leaves, another one is laid. Fabric material full of tea leaves is carried to cold places for protecting leaves from the Sun. Tea leaves on fabric material ...
Key identification features. Sterile brome from a young plant has a hairy stem and leaves, it has a dense covering of hairs on the stem and leaf surface. It is easy to spot in barley crops due to its twisted slender leaf appearance; it is more difficult to distinguish from wheat crops due to the twisted leaf and slender leaf structure of the wheat plant. The key feature to look for is the hairs on the stem and leaf, a magnify glass is sometimes required to see the hairs especially on young plants. It helps to roll the leaf over your finger and hold it up to the light to see the surface of the leaf hairs.. It must be noted that all bromes have hairs so furthermore identification may be required, if possible finding the seed that the plant emerged from can be a good indicator but it is sometimes hard to differentiate between the different bromes.. The ligule is like a barcode for grass weeds, the ligule of each plant differs allowing for accurate identification. To find the ligule of a plant is ...
t to have developed as the society ladies often discussed their daily lives and schedules over a cup of tea. People realized that they could see patterns in their tea leaves, much like finding shapes in the sky with clouds. With tea rooms and tea parlors becoming more popular in the mid-1800s, Europeans started inviting the Romani people in to offer tea leaf readings as they were more accurate and entertaining. Tea leaf readers interpret the symbols and patterns found in the leaves. Finally around the 1800s, Tea leaf readings finally found a home in the U.S. as tea was becoming more popular, and so too the entertainment value of community gatherings. Delicate pastries and snacks were added to bring the full experience to light. As this phenomenon grew ladies in all cultures would pass the art of tea readings down through the generations.. This leads one to open up their clairvoyance as an added tool in their arsenal of Mediumship and/or Psychic delivery. Todays times of tea leaf readings are a ...
Olive Leaf extract Supports the immune system and promotes a healthy intestinal environment The Mediterranean olive tree, Olea europaea, defends itself against bacteria, fungi, parasites and insects through eutrophic compounds it produces. Its leaf extract is popular in herbal and folk remedies and has benefited individuals for 150 years. The active nutrient in the olive leaf is oleuropein, a phenolic glucoside (structurally classified as an iridoid). The olive leaf also contains the bioflavonoids rutin, luteolin, and hesperidin, which work synergistically with oleuropein to enhance its natural activity. This pharmaceutical grade olive leaf extract contains the highest concentration (17-23%) of oleuropein available, and provides natural protection and a healthy environment for cells, without suppressing immune system function or harming beneficial microflora.Supplement Facts: Amount Per Serving each vegetable capsule contains: olive leaf (Olea europaea l.) extract 500 mg. (standardized to
Olive Leaf extract Supports the immune system and promotes a healthy intestinal environment The Mediterranean olive tree, Olea europaea, defends itself against bacteria, fungi, parasites and insects through eutrophic compounds it produces. Its leaf extract is popular in herbal and folk remedies and has benefited individuals for 150 years. The active nutrient in the olive leaf is oleuropein, a phenolic glucoside (structurally classified as an iridoid). The olive leaf also contains the bioflavonoids rutin, luteolin, and hesperidin, which work synergistically with oleuropein to enhance its natural activity. This pharmaceutical grade olive leaf extract contains the highest concentration (17-23%) of oleuropein available, and provides natural protection and a healthy environment for cells, without suppressing immune system function or harming beneficial microflora.Supplement Facts: Amount Per Serving each vegetable capsule contains: olive leaf (Olea europaea l.) extract 500 mg. (standardized to
Sign up for our newsletter. Wilted or curling leaves that may turn brown at the tips or edge; A sparse canopy of off-color and undersized leaves, leaf scorch or yellowing leaves; Untimely fall color and early leaf drop â Even if you run a sprinkler in your yard, your trees likely need additional water,â said district manager of Daveyâ s Northwest Seattle office. Scale - When twisting of wisteria leaves is accompanied by small waxy or cottony growths near affected leaves, scale insects are probably to blame. Once wisteria matures some (after two or three years), new growth of young branches and leaves--and suckers, if you dont keep after them--is explosive during the spring and summer. Your photos are very helpful in showing the damage you mentioned. The other is nutrient deficiency. In another tank, 6g, the anubias is getting brown edges. But what do you do if there are curling leaves on wisteria… Wisteria are vines, not trees, though you can train them to grow in a somewhat tree-like ...
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In response to pathogen attack, plants prioritize defense reactions generally at the expense of plant growth. In this work, we report that changes in phytohormone signaling pathways are associated with the stunted plant growth caused by blast disease in rice seedlings. Infection of rice seedlings with blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (race 007.0) at the four-leaf stage (three true leaves) resulted in considerable inhibition of the growth of the upper uninfected distal leaves; the length of leaf blade and leaf sheath of the sixth and seventh leaf was reduced by 27% and 82%, and 88% and 72%, respectively, compared to that in the uninoculated plant control. Interestingly, cutting off the blast-infected fourth leaf within 2 days post inoculation (dpi) significantly rescued the inhibition of leaf growth, implying that an inhibitory substance(s) and/or signal was generated in the blast-infected leaves (fourth leaf) and transmitted to the upper distal leaves (sixth and seventh) during the 2-dpi period that
You can, however, place a layer of pebbles onto the top of the mix, for the same look, but keeping the plant in its original mix. 8. This is in much the same way as we acclimatize to hotter conditions over a period of weeks. The plant is located outdoors with good sunlight. Am I overwatering my snake plant? Allow the plant to dry out thoroughly and get your watering on track. As for moving it to stones, this plant isnt an epiphyte, and it isnt well adapted to aquaponics, so any method of growing it on pebbles wont be best. S. trifasciata Twist (Twisted Sister Snake Plant) - This snake plant has twisted leaves, as its name suggests, with green horizontal stripes and yellow variegated edges. Posted by 3 months ago. Yellow snake plant leaves signal overwatering. Weakened or stressed Sansevierias become more susceptible to insect infestations. fzaidi227 Feb 12, 2020 7:11 PM CST. Advice welcomed! So lets take a look at how best to water to prevent snake plant leaves turning yellow and general ...
The canopy net photosynthesis (Pn) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ev.Ambassador) was analyzed under controlled conditions simulating the winter glasshouse atmosphere. Prior to measurements the plants were grown in CO2-enriched air of 1000 μmol mol−1, at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 280 μmol m2 s−1 (400-700 nm) and a day/night air temperature of 16/13 °C. Short-term changes in CO2 concentration significantly changed the initial gradient of the photosynthetic response to incident PPFD. Maximum photosynthetic efficiency of the crop increased from 0·041 mol CO2 mol photons−1 (equivalent to 8·2 μg CO2 J−1 and 9·4% on an energy basis) at 350 μmol mol−1 to 0·055 mol CO2 photons−1 (10·9 μg CO2 J−1 and 12·7% on an energy basis) at 1000 μmol mol−1. Transfer from low to high CO2 also lowered the light compensation point, but did not affect dark respiration. The large response of Pn to transient changes in CO2 indicated that the lettuce canopy did not ...
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Across sites in Brazil and Hawaii, LMA and Nmass were strongly correlated with height and shade index, respectively, which may help simplify canopy function modeling of Eucalyptus plantations. Abstract Within tree canopies, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (Narea) commonly increase with height. Previous research has suggested that these patterns occur as a strategy to optimize carbon gain by allocating available resources to upper canopy leaves that are exposed to greater light availability. We tested three hypotheses about the influences of height, shade index (a proxy for light), and stand age on LMA and leaf nitrogen for even-aged Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla plantations in Brazil and Hawaii, USA, spanning most of the environmental conditions found across 19.6 million ha of Eucalyptus spp. plantations around the world. Shade index was developed by incorporating canopy depth (inner-crown shading) and a tree height ratio relative to neighbor ...
Photosynthetic activities of the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) were studied to find out its sensitivity to changes in ambient air temperature. The minimum ambient air temperature designed for the experiment was 25-29 °C, while the higher end was 29-33 °C. Several photosynthetic parameters were studied to support our analysis in sago photosynthetic activity, including diurnal leaf gas exchange, assimilation rate vs. CO2 concentration, leaf greenness, leaf chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate vs. irradiance. We found that sago palm photosynthetic activity tends to be more sensitive to minimum than to maximum ambient air temperature. The plants exposed to higher air temperatures had dark green leaf color associated with higher rates of diurnal photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and rubisco limited photosynthetic activity. They also exhibited higher trend in optimum irradiance absorption level. Consequently, maximum light energy dissipation occurred at higher temperatures.
Plant age- and plant stage-related changes in the resistance of rice, Oryza sativa, to its most important insect pest in the US, the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), were investigated in a series of field and greenhouse choice and no-choice studies. Rice plants were susceptible to infestation by rice water weevils over a broad range of plant ontogenetic stages, from at least the early vegetative stage to well into the reproductive stage. There was, however, a clear preference expressed by rice water weevils in both choice and no-choice experiments for plants in (or nearly in) the tillering stage of development, with pre-tillering and reproductive stage plants less preferred. The relationship between rice plant age and susceptibility to weevils is thus nonlinear. This study constitutes one of the most thorough studies to date of the relationship in a grass species between plant age and susceptibility to herbivores. The results provide a biological explanation for observed patterns ...
Between January and February 2007, diel variability in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O) exchange with leaf temperature on four potted 5-year-old navel orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on an open-air laboratory on the roof of the Physics Department (University of Zimbabwe) was measured. Two of the four trees were of the Baianinha variety while the other two were Navelina. An automated dynamic chamber (cuvette) was installed sequentially on each of the four trees with flux measurements on a selected branch of each tree typically taking ten days. Out of the ten days on each tree, three days consisted of measurements under full solar radiation, three days under a single layer plastic mesh shade net whose transmittivity was found to be 24 % of full solar radiation, and the remainder of the ten day period under a double layer net (7 % transmittivity). Leaf temperature was measured as well as branch and stem sap flow rates. Results showed that photosynthesis was highest when leaf ...