The location of the ascending axons of spinal lamina I cells was studied in cats that received injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the superficial dorsal horn of the cervical or lumbosacral enlargement. Lamina I axons that could be ascribed to the spinothalamic tract (STT) we …

Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (PHA-L) is isolated from red kidney beans. It has a molecular weight of 126, 000 and is made up of four subunits with an isoelectric point around pH 5.2. PHA-L has a carbohydrate specificity for complex oligosaccharides and elutes with bovine thyroglobulin or acetic acid. PHA-L is known as leucoagglutinin and has high mitogenic and leucoagglutinating activity, and low erythroagglutinating activity. This lectin exhibits no agglutination with human erythrocytes.PHA-E differs from PHA-L in that the leucoagglutinin reacts strongly with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and reacts weakly with porcine thyroglobulin. PHA-L binds to fetuin but does not precipitate this glycoprotein. PHA-L is strongly inhibited by trisaccharide Gal (1, 4)GlcNAc(1, 2)Man, and although this structure is present in many glycoproteins, PHA-L does not react with all of them. This lectin reacts strongly with certain carcinoma cell lines of high metastatic potential and has been proposed as a probable ...

Surianu, P; Heiniger, H J.; and Feinendegen, L E., [Diminished phytohemagglutinin stimulation of human lymphocyte cultures in liver cirrhosis: studies with 3H-thymidine and I-125 desoxyuridine] (1970). Faculty Research 1970 - 1979. 50 ...

in the ventral tegmental area. J Comp Neurol 320:145-160,1992 Sesack SR, Deutch AY, Roth RH, et al: Topographical organization of the efferent projections...cortex in the rat: an anterograde tract-tracing study using Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. J Comp Neurol 290:213-242, 1989 Sheline YI, Wang PW, Gado ...

Genes mapping in the I region of the H-2 complex control a system of lymphocyte alloantigens (Ia) which are expressed on a subpopulation of T cells and on most B cells. Specific anti-Ia serum in the presence of rabbit complement removed the splenic T-cell subpopulation responsive to Con-A, but did not affect the response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or Leucoagglutinin. Antibodies specific for Ia, H-2K, or H-2D membrane antigens were used without complement to pretreat spleen cells. These antibody pretreated cells responded normally to Con-A and PHA ...

Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Materials: Supplementary Figure 1: T cell colonies under treatment of parental and gastrospheres conditioned media in ratios of 1 1?:?1, 1?:?5, and 1?:?10 in MLR. anti-CD3/CD28 beads. The proliferation was evaluated using CFSE staining; the percentages of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg and CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells and IFN-and death induction in target cells. All these changes were related to the upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-22 in gastrospheres compared to parental cells. Conclusion Our study showed that the condition media of gastrospheres can potentially induce Th17 with increasing in their cytotoxic effect. Based on our knowledge, the present study is the first study that emphasizes the role of gastrospheres in the induction of antitumor Th17 cells. However, it should be confirmed with complementary studies tridimensional (3D) culture model of gastric CSCs with stemness properties [3]. In general, CSCs employ several mechanisms to evade the immune system such as ...

Smits, J.E., Bortolotti, G.R. and Tella, J.L. (1999) Simplifying the Phytohaemagglutinin Skin-Testing Technique in Studies of Avian Immunocompetence. Functional Ecology, 13, 567-572.

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The infralimbic cortex (IL) of the rat can modify autonomic nervous system activity, but the critical pathway(s) that mediate this influence are unclear. To define the potential pathways, the first series of experiments characterizes the descending projections of IL and the neighboring cortical areas using Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). IL has prominent projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce), the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD), the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the parabrachial nucleus (Pb), and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The density and selectivity of these projections suggest that the LHA and the PAG mediate the ability of the IL to regulate cardiovascular function. The second series of experiments demonstrates that locally anesthetizing neurons in either the LHA or PAG with lidocaine attenuates the hypotensive effects produced by electrical stimulation of the IL. Similarly, microinjections of cobalt ...

Recent electrophysiological studies demonstrate that the ventral medial prefrontal cortex has a powerful inhibitory influence on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurones in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Here we utilised a combination of anatomical and electrophysiological methods to characterise the cellular substrate underlying this effect.Anterograde tracing (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) using electron microscopy demonstrated a pathway from the ventral medial prefrontal cortex that makes neuronal contacts throughout the dorsal raphe nucleus. These contacts were predominantly asymmetrical synapses adjoining GABA immunoreactive dendrites and spines. In vivo extracellular recordings were made in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the anaesthetised rat from a subpopulation of non-5-HT neurones. These neurones were fast-firing, irregular and with short spike width, properties strongly reminiscent of immunochemically identified GABA interneurones in other brain regions. Recordings of classical 5-HT neurones were

The influence of leukemic serum on phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P)-induced lymphocyte transformation was studied. Twenty of 22 pretreatment sera collected at diagnosis inhibited the transformation of normal lymphocytes stimulated with PHA-P by more than 50%. In these experiments with PHA-P, kinetic studies of transformation demonstrated that leukemic serum inhibited rather than delayed transformation. The inhibition of transformation by PHA-P was assumed to be due to binding of PHA by components of leukemic serum because the inhibition could be overcome by an increase in the PHA concentration. A biologic assay of the PHA content of lysates of lymphocytes preincubated with PHA and leukemic serum further substantiated the PHA-binding mechanism of leukemic serum. Whether the differences observed in the binding capacity of normal and leukemic serum are qualitative or quantitative remains to be determined.. ...

Affinity Purified Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (PHA E+L, also known as PHA P, P standing for phytohemagglutinin) is affinity purified lectin consists of two isolectins PHA-E and PHA-L, erythroagglutinin and leucoagglutinin, of which both possess strong mitogenic activity. PHA P has a molecular weight of 126,000 and an iso

View Stock Photo of Normal Human Lymphocyte And Red Blood Cells In Peripheral Blood Wright Stain Lm X400. Find premium, high-resolution photos at Getty Images.

Semantic Scholar extracted view of [Stimulation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin in mice of strains genetically selected for the character antibody formation]. by M Liacopoulos-Briot et al.

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Analysis of T‐Lymphocyte Subsets After Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation in Normal and Type 1 Diabetic Mothers and Their Infants. AU - GIORDANO, C.. AU - DE MARIA, R.. AU - MATTINA, A.. AU - STASSI, G.. AU - TODARO, M.. AU - PUGLIESE, A.. AU - GALLUZZO, G.. AU - BOTTA, R. M.. AU - GALLUZZO, A.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1992/9. Y1 - 1992/9. N2 - PROBLEM: Our aim was to investigate the immunological status of diabetic pregnancy, which is an overlap of diabetic immunity abnormalities and the immunological modifications normally occurring during pregnancy. METHOD: We studied lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphokine production, after 96 h of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, from normal and Type I diabetic pregnant women at delivery time and from the respective cord blood. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both normal and Type I diabetic mothers showed an increase in CD8+ and a decrease in CD4+ cells compared to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Innervation of different peptide-containing neurons in the hippocampus by gabaergic septal afferents. AU - Gulyás, A. I.. AU - Görcs, T.. AU - Freund, T.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - The termination pattern of septohippocampal axons visualized by anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was studied in the hippocampal formation in the rat, with special reference to the innervation of neurons immunoreactive for the neuroactive peptides cholecystokinin, somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The type I, GABAergic, septohippocampal afferents were shown to terminate on neurons immunoreactive for each of the three peptides. The cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in all regions, and the somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in stratum oriens of CA1 region were the most preferred targets. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells, especially those in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, were often seen to be contacted by type II (presumed ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Investigation of K+ channel expression in human peripheral lymphocytes of healthy donors by means of flow cytometry. AU - Krjukova, J.. AU - Osna, N.. AU - Pilmane, M.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Evaluation of different types of K+ channel expression was performed in resting and PHA (phytohemagglutinine)-activated human peripheral lymphocytes (HPL) of healthy donors by means of flow cytometry. In resting peripheral lymphocytes, the application of kaliotoxin (a selective blocker for voltage-dependent K+ (K(V)) channels), K(V) resulted in pronounced depolarization of lymphocyte membrane potential, with further promotion in the presence of thapsigargin (compound discharging Ca(i) from endoplasmic reticulum). In activated HPL, the expression of various types of K+ channels was estimated utilizing cell-cycle analysis data. In contrast to the resting cells, kaliotoxin-induced depolarization of membrane potential in PHA-activated lymphocytes of the G0/G1 phase was not enhanced ...

1. Measurements of T-lymphocyte surface ferritin using flow cytometry show that phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation causes a marked increase in the number of cells bearing spleen-type (S) and heart-type (H) ferritin on their membrane, whereas no such change occurs in non-stimulated cells. This coincides with increases in interleukin-2 receptors, transferrin receptors and HLA-DR antigen.. 2. There is an increase in the intracellular concentration of both S- and H-ferritin in lymphocytes after PHA stimulation: H-ferritin increases five- to seven-fold, but S-ferritin only two- to three-fold. The maximum H/S ratio is about 15/1. However, these increases also occur in cells cultured in the absence of PHA.. 3. Small amounts of both S- and H-ferritin are released into the medium, especially from stimulated cells, but the H/S ratios are lower than intracellular ratios.. 4. The present findings suggest that lymphocyte stimulation followed by ferritin synthesis is accompanied by an increase in the ...

In the United States, asthma prevalence is particularly high among urban children. Although the underlying immune mechanism contributing to asthma has not been identified, having impaired T regulatory (Treg) cells at birth may be a determining factor in urban children. The objective of this study was to compare Treg phenotype and function in cord blood (CB) of newborns to those in peripheral blood (PB) of a subset of participating mothers. Treg numbers, expression, and suppressive function were quantified in subjects recruited prenatally from neighborhoods where ≥ 20% of families have incomes below the poverty line. Proportion of Treg cells and expression of naïve (CD45RA) or activated (CD45RO, CD69, and HLA-DR) markers in CD4+T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Treg suppressive capacity was determined by quantifying PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in mononuclear cell samples with and without CD25 depletion. In an urban cohort of 119 newborns and 82 mothers, we found that newborns had

1056 Hypersensitivity to radiation exposure has been suggested to be a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. In this case-control study of 323 young women (≤55 years) with newly diagnosed sporadic breast cancer and 326 cancer-free controls frequency-matched with patients on age, sex, and ethnicity, we examined the radiosensitivity as measured by the frequency of chromatid breaks induced by gamma-radiation exposure in the G2 phase of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from short-term cultures of fresh blood samples. We found that the averaged chromatid breaks per cell from 50 well-spread metaphases were statistically significantly higher in breast cancer patients (mean = 0.51 breaks/cell, standard deviation = 0.22) than that in the controls (0.44 ± 0.16) (P value ,0.001). The frequency of chromatid breaks per cell above the median of control subjects was associated with twofold increased risk for breast cancer (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.46 to 2.80). A dose-response relationship ...

Surface receptor expression on human lymphocytes and neutrophils. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were isolated from the whole blood of different human donors and i

Interleukin (IL)-21 is crucial for the regulation of lymphocytes and is implicated in autoimmune and other diseases. The relevance of being able to measure human IL-21 prompted us to develop ELISA and ELISpot assays for analysis of IL-21 levels and IL-21-producing cells, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to IL-21 were made and ELISA and ELISpot assays were developed. The selected detection mAb also neutralized IL-21-mediated activation of human cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors (n = 24) were stimulated polyclonally (phytohemagglutinin; PHA) or with antigen (Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid). Using ELISpot, high numbers of IL-21-producing cells were detected after PHA activation; lower but positive responses to antigen were seen in approximately 50% of the donors. In contrast, the ELISA detected IL-21 in supernatants from PHA-activated cells but not from antigen-stimulated cells. When analyzing IL-17A in parallel, PHA and antigens induced ...

Mitogenic signals from concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin were shown to undergo summation in time under conditions when each mitogen separately, if the duration of contact with lymphocytes during...

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Schmidtke, J R.; Ray, P K.; and Simmons, R L., Effects of cell-bound phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin a on the mixed leucocyte response of mouse spleen cells in vitro. (1974). Subject Strain Bibliography 1974. 1861 ...

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DNA-synthetic responses of fractionated human lymphocytes exposed to lymphocyte-derived mitogenic factor.: Human peripheral lymphocytes that have been exposed t

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