The in vivo antitumour activity of a beta 1----3/1----6 glucan from the fungus Glomerella cingulata was investigated in vivo. The glucan exhibited a strong inhibition of tumour growth of the allogeneic Sarcoma-180 as well as the syngeneic DBA/2-MC.SC-1 fibrosarcoma with inhibition ratios up to 100%. Against the hormone sensitive Noble-Nb-R prostate carcinoma the glucan alone showed a moderate antitumour effect, whereas in combination with diethylstilbestrol an almost complete regression of the tumour could be achieved. It could be demonstrated that a highly ordered structure of the glucan is not essential for the antitumour activity. Since the glucan expressed no direct cytotoxic effects, the immunomodulating activity was investigated in vitro in order to get an indication for a possible mode of action. In the lymphocyte transformation assay the glucan at a dose of 100 micrograms/ml caused a fourfold increase in the proliferation of murine spleen lymphocytes. Moreover, the glucan stimulated the ...

Looking for Cingulata? Find out information about Cingulata. A group of xenarthran mammals in the order Edentata, including the armadillos Explanation of Cingulata

Free Online Library: Two new glyptodont records (Mammalia: Cingulata) from the late Pleistocene of Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala, Mexico: implications for the taxonomy of the genus Glyptotherium.(Report) by Southwestern Naturalist; Biological sciences Glyptodonts Discovery and exploration Identification and classification Megafauna

Bitter rot (BR) is a common disease on apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) worldwide. Fruit infection often occurs in warmer weather (25 to 32°C) where high temperatures and humidity strongly favor disease development. Three species causing BR have been reported: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. and its sexual stage Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spaulding & Schrenk, C. acutatum J. H. Simmonds, and recently C. fragariae in Uruguay (1). In February 2012, typical BR symptoms were observed on apple fruits (cv. Gala) in two orchards located in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Initial symptoms were light brown, slightly sunken lesions that enlarged over time, becoming dark brown and forming sunken or saucer-shaped depressions that extended toward the fruit core in a V-shaped pattern. Acervuli were sparse and the conidia masses varied from dark gray to pale orange in color. To attempt to identify the causal organism, isolations were made from lesions on fully ripened fruits. Pure cultures ...

Dive into the research topics of Unusual steady-state kinetic properties of a chilopod enzyme: l(+)lactate dehydrogenase purified from Scolopendra cingulata. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Disruption of the high-affinity nitrate transporter NRT2.1 activates the priming defence against Pseudomonas syringae, resulting in enhanced resistance. In this study, it is demonstrated that the high-affinity ammonium transporter AMT1.1 is a negative regulator of Arabidopsis defence responses. The T-DNA knockout mutant amt1.1 displays enhanced resistance against Plectosphaerella cucumerina and reduced susceptibility to P. syringae. The impairment of AMT1.1 induces significant metabolic changes in the absence of challenge, suggesting that amt1.1 retains constitutive defence responses. Interestingly, amt1.1 combats pathogens differently depending on the lifestyle of the pathogen. In addition, N starvation enhances the susceptibility of wild type plants and the mutant amt1.1 to P. syringae whereas it has no effect on P. cucumerina resistance. The metabolic changes of amt1.1 against P. syringae are subtler and are restricted to the phenylpropanoid pathway, which correlates with its reduced susceptibility.

By proceeding with the caveat that physiological tolerance has remained constant - species tend to be evolutionarily conservative about shifting their niches - the researchers used computer models to simulate past bee distributions based on climate conditions in the Pleistocene. The results showed that in the past, during periods when the neotropics had lowered precipitation, each species experienced significant reduction in suitable habitat, with E. cingulata maintaining the largest geographical ranges. Climate and ecological niche computer model simulations were closely matched by genetic data of the two less-tolerant orchid bee species. The genetic data included mitochondrial markers, which are only inherited from females, and nuclear markers, which come from males and females. The mitochondrial DNA showed that individual bees in one geographic area were more closely related to each other than to bees from other areas. The findings suggest the maternal lines of these bees remained in the area ...

Agrius cingulata (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) is widespread in the Americas, but has recently begun to spread into Africa. In parts of its native range, the species is a pest of sweet potato, which is ...

Agrius cingulata (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) is widespread in the Americas, but has recently begun to spread into Africa. In parts of its native range, the species is a pest of sweet potato, which is ...

Nuclear DNA intron sequences are increasingly used to investigate evolutionary relationships among closely related organisms. The phylogenetic usefulness of intron sequences at higher taxonomic levels has, however, not been firmly established and very few studies have used these markers to address evolutionary questions above the family level. In addition, the mechanisms driving intron evolution are not well understood. We compared DNA sequence data derived from three presumably independently segregating introns (THY, PRKC I and MGF) across 158 mammalian species. All currently recognized extant eutherian mammalian orders were included with the exception of Cingulata, Dermoptera and Scandentia. The total aligned length of the data was 6366 base pairs (bp); after the exclusion of autapomorphic insertions, 1511 bp were analyzed. In many instances the Bayesian and parsimony analyses were complementary and gave significant posterior probability and bootstrap support (,80) for the monophyly of ...

Reino: Animalia Filo: Craniata, Arthropoda Clase: Amphibia, Insecta, Aves, Mammalia, Reptilia Orden: Caprimulgiformes, Psittaciformes, Gruiformes, Coraciiformes, Chiroptera, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Galliformes, Crocodylia, Didelphimorphia, Cingulata, Pilosa, Tinamiformes, Apodiformes, Carnivora, Pelecaniformes, Squamata, Sirenia, Rodentia, Passeriformes, Trogoniformes, Piciformes, Cuculiformes, Columbiformes, Anura, Testudines, Strigiformes, Accipitriformes, Lepidoptera Familia: Phyllostomidae, Delphinidae, Ramphastidae, Tayassuidae, Geomyidae, Emydidae, Mimidae, Tityridae, Emberizidae, Sciuridae, Hylidae, Alcedinidae, Microhylidae, Dasyproctidae, Mustelidae, Cheloniidae, Furnariidae, Dendrocolaptidae, Troglodytidae, Galbulidae, Geoemydidae, Rallidae, Eublepharidae, Leptodactylidae, Felidae, Myrmecophagidae, Canidae, Mephitidae, Corvidae, Tinamidae, Mormoopidae, Ziphiidae, Erethizontidae, Momotidae, Vespertilionidae, Dasypodidae, Cuniculidae, Leptotyphlopidae, Rhinophrynidae, Phasianidae, ...

El Archivo Digital UPM alberga en formato digital la documentacion academica y cientifica (tesis, pfc, articulos, etc..) generada en la Universidad Politecnica de Madrid.Los documentos del Archivo Digital UPM son recuperables desde buscadores: Google, Google Academics, Yahoo, Scirus, etc y desde recolectores OAI: E-ciencia, DRRD, Recolecta (REBIUN-FECYT), Driver, Oaister, etc.

Self-dimerisation of the three isomeric semiquinone radicals is considered herein. Optimised geometries and thermochemical parameters, in terms of heat of formation, entropy, heat capacity and Gibbs free energy of formation are provided for all possible cross coupling products. It is found that self-dimerisation of the three semiquinone radicals is not as thermodynamically favoured as the self-dimerisation of the phenoxy radical. Accordingly, the three isomeric semiquinone radicals can be regarded as less active precursors for the formation of dioxin compounds than phenoxy radicals.. ...

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

Science, 2016, 351, 507-510 An unprecedented mechanism of nucleotide methylation in organisms containing thyX Tatiana V. Mishanina,1 Liping Yu,2Kalani Karunaratne,1 Dibyendu Mondal,1 John M. Corcoran,1Michael A. Choi,1Amnon Kohen1† 1Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242, USA.

The phytochemical and nutritional composition of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. an underutilized vegetable used as substitute for Solanaceous tomatoes by rural dwellers was examined in comparison with majorly cultivated tomato cultivars in Nigeria (Roma VF and Ibadan local). The fruit pulp of T. cucumerina was higher in carotenoid (2053.33 mg/100g), flavonoid (861.67 mg/100g), cardiac glycoside (11.67 mg/100g), alkaloids (93.33 mg/100g), lycopene (118.5 μg/100g), tannin (555.00 mg/100g), oxalate (2.55 mg/100g) and quercetin (5.25 mg/100g) than Roma VF and Ibadan local. However, Roma VF had the highest concentration of saponin (66.67 mg/100g) but there was no significant difference in steroid among the fruits. The Vitamins A, E and C contents of T. cucumerina (5346 μg/100g, 6.23 μg/100g and 25.33 μg/100g) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in S. lycopersicum. T. cucumerina had the highest values of crude protein and crude lipid (1.97% and 0.40%). The fruit pulp of T. cucumerina also had the

TY - JOUR. T1 - Aqueous phase hexylchloroformate derivatization and solid phase microextraction. T2 - Determination of benzoylecgonine in urine by gas chromatography-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. AU - Hall, Brad J.. AU - Parikh, Aashish R.. AU - Brodbelt, Jennifer S.. PY - 1999/5. Y1 - 1999/5. N2 - A derivatization/solid phase microextraction (SPME) method for the determination of benzoylecgonine in urine was developed. The derivatization is conducted directly in 1 mL of urine while sonicating for 3 min with 12 μL of hexyl chloroformate and 70 μL of a mixture containing acetonitrile:water:hexanol:2-dimethylaminopyridine (5:2:2:1 v/v), yielding benzoylecgonine hexyl ester (BHE) as the product. After the 3 min period, an aliquot of 250 μL is transferred to a vial for SPME. After the desired extraction time the 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber was transferred to the GC-MS for separation and analysis with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The hexyl chloroformate ...

Cucurbitaceae » Trichosanthes » Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Common names: snake gourd • Marathi: जंगली पडवल jungli padwal, कडू पडवळ kadu padwal, पडोळ padol

A solid phase microextraction (SPME) method was applied for the extended monitoring survey of priority pesticides for the European Union, for 12 months, in Kala

Article Field Sampling for Pesticides, Using Solid Phase Microextraction/Capillary GC. An SPME portable field sampler can be used to extract analytes from samples in the field, then store them for up to 3 days, or longer, before performing the analys...

Cercospora sp or Gloeosporium sp can cause irregular spots to form on willow leaves.. Powdery mildew (Phyllactinia guttata and Unicinula salicis) causes a a white powdery growth on tender leaves and sprouts, becoming heavy late in the growing season.. Rust (Melampsora sp) causes yellow spots on the bottoms of leaves. This is not considered a serious disease of willow trees, although it can cause a heavy loss of leaves.. Tarspot (Rhytisma salicinum) forms thick, tar-like drops about 1/4 inch wide on willow leaves.. Willow anthractnose (Drepanopeziza sphaerioides) causes blackish spots and irregular black cankers on young stems.. Willow black canker (Glomerella miyabeana) can cause black cankers to appear on the stems of older trees.. Willow scab (Venturia saliciperda) can cause black spots on new growth and shriveled shoots.. It is not practical to spray older trees for fungal diseases. Spray younger trees with a fungicide containing copper or the active ingredients myclobutanil or ...

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is essential for structural support and intracellular transport, and is therefore a common target of animal pathogens. However, no phytopathogenic effector has yet been demonstrated to specifically target the plant cytoskeleton. Here we show that the Pseudomonas syringae type III secreted effector HopZ1a interacts with tubulin and polymerized microtubules. We demonstrate that HopZ1a is an acetyltransferase activated by the eukaryotic co-factor phytic acid. Activated HopZ1a acetylates itself and tubulin. The conserved autoacetylation site of the YopJ / HopZ superfamily, K289, plays a critical role in both the avirulence and virulence function of HopZ1a. Furthermore, HopZ1a requires its acetyltransferase activity to cause a dramatic decrease in Arabidopsis thaliana microtubule networks, disrupt the plant secretory pathway and suppress cell wall-mediated defense. Together, this study supports the hypothesis that HopZ1a promotes virulence through cytoskeletal and ...

This is a tree of lower ground. It can reach 25 - 30 metres, however its diameter is less than that of the Sycamore. It differs from Sycamore in having reddish brown buds pressed close to the twig and sharply pointed lobed leaves. The bright yellow/green flowers sit upright on the tree (pictured here fully open). They appear in April together with the leaves and are insect pollinated. The Norway Maple likes rich soils but is both shade and frost tolerant and can survive well in the fumes of cities. It is often planted in city streets. Pictured near Elstow, Bedfordshire - April 8th 2006. ...

Acer platanoides 'Crimson King' is a purple Norway maple tree. Buy medium to mature sizes from specialist nursery with 97% review score & nationwide delivery.

See details for 12917 Norway Maple Street, Parker, CO 80134, 3 Bedrooms, 2 Full/1 Half Bathrooms, 3810 Sq Ft., Sold Price: $475,000, MLS#: 2558755, Courtesy: Keller Williams Real Estate LLC, Provided by: REcolorado

Discover Lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Acer platanoides - Norway Maple -- Discover Life

Product guides, articles, and application notes describing the use of SPME products in sample preparation and chromatographic analysis.

In a discovery with implications for future drug design, scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute have shown an unprecedented mechanism for how a natural antibiotic with antitumor properties incorporates sulfur into its molecular structure, an essential ingredient of its antitumor activity.. Read More ...

The woody cell wall is the most developed biological composite material existing today. Its components, phenols and carbohydrates, in combination with phenoloxidase were already used in the antique to produce lacquerwork. To allow the use at an industrial scale of these processes today, there must be a cheap phenol, as for example technical lignins produced in the paper industry that can be transformed into active radicals by using the enzyme laccase. This study used activated lignins that had a high density of phenoxy radicals. They were used because they proved to be more active than non-activated lignin and could even react with nucleophiles as cellulose and starch. The chemical properties leading towards this reaction allows for innovative use of lignin in biotechnology. The thesis analysed the reaction of activated lignin, water-soluble lignin and water insoluble indulin with maize starch to allow an improvement of the water solubility. Furthermore, the influence of an addition of mediators ...

Haworthia truncata UTAMARO The first 2 photos are for display purposes only. There may be small markings on the leaves which can occur when the plant grows too fast causing them to split slightly, or if something has damaged the leaf, causing the marking to brown when it is healing. . Haworthia require up to 70% shade

Originally Posted by Exo Good luck! I had some, but they have almost all died out...it would appear that they need a very acid PH to survive long term

Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato, one of the most economically damaging pathogens of strawberry, is the primary causal agent of anthracnose fruit rot (AFR). A key challenge in managing AFR is detecting the pathogen on asymptomatic plants. To meet this need, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed that incorporated two sets of primers: LITSG1 targeted on the ITS region of ribosomal DNA and Ltub2 on the β-tubulin 2 gene. In pure culture assays, Ltub2 was specific for detection of C. acutatum, whereas LITSG1 detected C. acutatum and two additional anthracnose pathogens, C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae. LITSG1 had 10-fold higher sensitivity (20 pg of mycelial DNA) than Ltub2 (200 pg) in detection of C. acutatum from pure cultures. The LAMP assay was also tested on asymptomatic greenhouse and field plants, and was shown to have strong potential for detection of C. acutatum in planta. Field experiments were conducted at the ISU Horticulture Research Station near Gilbert, IA,

It is known that some Pd-tzNHCs used in the cross-coupling reactions give under very mild conditions palladium nanoparticles as the catalytically active phase.17 In an independent representative experiment by using 1(2BF4) for the cross-coupling of 2a with 3a under the conditions B from Table 1 (vigorous stirring) a large excess of Hg(0) was added (mercury poisoning experiment)17,28,29 into the reaction mixture after 30 min (36% conversion). This addition had no effect on the conversion into 4a, reaching 76% after 4 h; a parallel Hg-free reaction reached 75% over the same period (qNMR assay). A similar observation was made when Hg(0) was added to the reaction mixture at the onset (ESI‡). The thermal stability of complex 1(2BF4) was ascertained in the solid state at 150 °C and in solution (DMF-d7, D2O) at 140 °C (the highest reaction temperatures used herein for the Sonogashira reaction). No decomposition could be detected by qNMR (ESI‡) indicating its remarkable stability over some related ...

Use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for cell culture metabolomic analysis allows for the attainment of more sophisticated data from in vitro cell cultures. Moreover, considering that SPME allows the implementation of multiple extractions from the same sample due to its non/low-depletive nature, time course studies using the same set of samples are thus facilitated via this method. Such an approach results in a reduction in the number of samples needed for analysis thus eliminates inter-batch variability related to biological variation occurring during cell culturing. The current work aims to demonstrate the capability of SPME for measurements of combretastatin A4 (CA4) effectiveness on non-small cell cancer cell line. A cultivation protocol was established in the 96-well plate, and a fiber format of SPME was selected for metabolite extraction. The extracellular metabolic pattern of cells was changed after administration of the tested drug. This suggests pharmacological activity of the ...

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is routinely used in screening checkpoints for the detection of explosives and illicit drugs but it mainly relies on the capture of particles on a swab surface for the detection. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been coupled to IMS for the preconcentration of ex …

article{191ea318-159e-43da-9392-05ee7bf33a0d, author = {Wady, Loay and Bunte, Annicka and Pehrson, Christina and Larsson, Lennart}, issn = {1872-8359}, language = {eng}, number = {3}, pages = {325--332}, publisher = {Elsevier}, series = {Journal of Microbiological Methods}, title = {Use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/solid phase microextraction for the identification of MVOCs from moldy building materials.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00190-2}, volume = {52}, year = {2003 ...

Phytopathology 91:659-664...Phytopathology 91:659-664...Germination and Sporulation of Colletotrichum acutatum on Symptomless Strawberry Leaves...L. F. S. Leandro , M. L. Gleason , F. W. Nutter , Jr. , S. N. Wegulo , and P. M. Dixon...

APHOTOFUNGI - Photographic Stock Image Library Page for Colletotrichum acutatum ? - Leaf Spot / Anthracnose (Ascomycota Images). A-P-H-O-T-O - Furthering environmental awareness and education through the medium of photography.

Define Norway maple: a Eurasian maple (Acer platanoides) with dark green or often reddish or red veined leaves that is much planted for shade in the …

In urban watersheds, street tree leaf litter is a critical biogenic source of phosphorus (P) in stormwater runoff. Stormwater extracts P from leaf litter and transports it, through the storm sewer network, to a receiving waterbody potentially causing downstream eutrophication. The goal of this study is to understand P leaching dynamics of two prevalent tree species (Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)) in three urban residential watersheds in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Leaf litter was collected from the three basins during Fall 2017 and 2018. Laboratory experiments showed an initial rapid total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) release that gradually plateaued over a 48-hour period. The total TDP released from Norway maple (2.10 mg g) was greater than from green ash (1.60 mg g). Within the same species, increased fragmentation of leaves led to more rapid initial TDP release, but not greater total TDP release. Increased aging of senescent leaves decreased total TDP ...

Anthracnose diseases, particularly those caused by Colletotrichum (Gloeosporium) or Glomerella fungi, are very common and destructive on numerous crop and ornamental plants. Although severe everywhere, anthracnose diseases cause their most significant losses in the tropics and subtropics. Pre- and post-harvest losses of many high-value crops are substantial in the tropics due to of various diseases caused by C. gloeosporioides. Flower infection on mangoes (blossom blight) can destroy flowers and young fruit and cause complete crop failure. Fruit infection may cause premature fruit drop, but major fruit losses occur during ripening when quiescent (dormant) infections break out and cause spreading black lesions. Anthracnose of other fruits also causes major post-harvest losses. Heavy infections cause rapid rotting, and even light infections which cause mainly cosmetic damage will shorten fruit storage life. Because of variability between seasons and locations, overall figures for losses are ...

The Norway maple is a member (and is the type species) of the section Platanoidea Pax, characterised by flattened, disc-shaped seeds and the shoots and leaves containing milky sap. Other related species in this section include Acer campestre (field maple), Acer cappadocicum (Cappadocian maple), Acer lobelii (Lobels maple), and Acer truncatum (Shandong maple). From the field maple, the Norway maple is distinguished by its larger leaves with pointed, not blunt, lobes, and from the other species by the presence of one or more teeth on all of the lobes.[11][12]. It is also frequently confused with the more distantly related Acer saccharum (sugar maple). The sugar maple is easy to differentiate by clear sap in the petiole (leaf stem); Norway maple petioles have white sap. The tips of the points on Norway maple leaves reduce to a fine hair, while the tips of the points on sugar maple leaves are, on close inspection, rounded. On mature trees, sugar maple bark is more shaggy, while Norway maple bark ...

Chronological events associated with the interaction between a strain of Trichoderma harzianum, T472, with known biological control activity against perithecial production of G. zeae, were studied with scanning electron microscopy to investigate the mechanisms of control. Large clusters of perithecia consisting of 5-15 perithecia formed on the autoclaved, mulched wheat straw inoculated with G. zeae alone (control) with an average of 157 perithecia per plate. Small clusters consisting of 3-6 and an average of 15 perithecia per plate perithecia formed on straw that was treated with T. harzianum. The mature perithecia from straw treated with T. harzianum produced less pigment and were lighter in color than those from the control plates. Furthermore the cells of the outer wall of these perithecia were abnormal in appearance and unevenly distributed across the surface. Immature perithecia were colonized by T. harzianum approximately 15 d after inoculation (dai) with the biocontrol agent and pathogen. Few

In recent years, advances in direct sample to mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have allowed for the application of these methods towards quantitative analysis in complex matrices such as biofluids and tissue. However, the predictable limitations of these technologies, such as ionization suppression, poor sensitivity at trace levels, and narrow linear dynamic range, have been the driving force toward the development of methods that efficiently integrate sampling, sample cleanup, and analyte collection and ionization. In this context, the direct interface of microextraction technologies and MS has undoubtedly revolutionized the speed, efficacy, and robustness with which complex matrices can be scrutinized. In this thesis, numerous strategies recently developed for the direct and efficient coupling of Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and MS are presented towards the analysis of complex matrices. Aiming to supply a range of technologies suited for diverse applications, different SPME geometries ...

In our phylogeny, two V. vinifera proteins and four P. trichocarpa proteins group in the lignification-related R2R3-MYB clade. The P. trichocarpa genes encoding these proteins are located on LG_1 (PtrMYB002 and PtrMYB003) and LG_IX (PtrMYB020 and PtrMYB021) in regions that are thought to be the paralogous product of the recent salicoid whole genome duplication event (Tuskan et al., 2006). The P. trichocarpa proteins are most similar to E. gunnii MYB2 and to the V. vinifera members of this clade. Three of the four Populus R2R3-MYB genes exhibit high levels of transcript accumulation in xylem tissue (Fig. 5B), suggesting that function in this tissue has been retained for most family members since the duplication event. The transcript abundance profile also suggests that, like their counterparts in other plant species, these transcription factors also function in xylem-based processes, perhaps also regulating genes encoding enzymes of the lignin biosynthetic pathway. The retention of these apparent ...

taxifolin. Medicinal uses. Uses supported by clinical data. Supportive treatment of acute or chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis induced by alcohol, drugs or toxins (21-34).. Uses described in pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine. Treatment of dyspeptic complaints and gallstones (7, 35).. Uses described in folk medicine, not supported by experimental or clinical data. Treatment of amenorrhoea, constipation, diabetes, hay fever, uterine haemorrhages and varicose veins (6).. Pharmacology. Most of the biochemical and pharmacological studies have been performed using a standardized silymarin preparation, or its major constituent, silybin.. Experimental pharmacology. Antioxidant activity. Silymarin and silybin have antioxidant activity in vitro: both react with oxygenfree radicals such as hydroxyl anions, phenoxy radicals and hypochlorous acid in various model systems such as human platelets, human fibroblasts, rat liver microsomes and mitochondria, and using enzymatically and ...

The peroxidative activation of the antitumor drugs, etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26), has been studied in vitro. Both of these drugs, in the presence of horseradish peroxidase or prostaglandin synthetase, formed phenoxy radical intermediates. Furthermore, this activation also resulted in the …

Author(s): Osborn, David L. | Abstract: The gas-phase reaction of benzene with O(3P) is of considerable interest for modeling of aromatic oxidation, and also because there exist fundamental questions concerning the prominence of intersystem crossing in the reaction. While its overall rate constant has been studied extensively, there are still significant uncertainties in the product distribution. The reaction proceeds mainly through the addition of the O atom to benzene, forming an initial triplet diradical adduct, which can either dissociate to form the phenoxy radical and H atom, or undergo intersystem crossing onto a singlet surface, followed by a multiplicity of internal isomerizations, leading to several possible reaction products. In this work, we examined the product branching ratios of the reaction between benzene and O(3P) over the temperature range of 300 to 1000 K and pressure range of 1 to 10 Torr. The reactions were initiated by pulsed-laser photolysis of NO2 in the presence of benzene and

The involvement of ABA in primed callose production at the site of pathogen penetration is one of the few examples of a positive function of this hormone in defense and may be the basis for the described β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance (Ton and Mauch-Mani, 2004; Mauch-Mani and Mauch, 2005; Ton et al., 2005). However, callose deposition at the site of P. cucumerina infection was similar in irx1-6 mutant and wild-type plants, which excludes priming for callose production as a mediator of irx-reduced susceptibility (data not shown). We now provide strong evidence for a direct involvement of ABA signaling in the control of Arabidopsis resistance to R. solanacearum. This ABA function was supported by different observations: (1) the ABA-insensitive mutants abi1-1 and abi2-1, and the ABA-deficient mutant aba1-6, were more susceptible to the bacterium than were wild-type plants (Figure 6); (2) the constitutive expression in the irx mutants of some ABA signaling regulators, including ABI1-1 and ...

Download this Wheat Field vector illustration now. And search more of the webs best library of royalty-free vector art from iStock.

This is from a botanical scan I made this summer and I added the black background in Photoshop (CS2). This tree is really very beautiful but you have to watch for the leaves which can sometimes revert to all green. It is sterile so it does not reseed which is a major reason for not planting Norway Maple. Obviously with a name like Norway Maple it is very hardy (USDA Zone3). My particular specimen has been fairly slow growing when compared to the species. It is occasionally struck with a fungus in late summer but I have been spraying it with fungicide in the spring and that seems to stop that. If I miss the spray cycle the leaves sometimes turn brown during the summer. Plant this tree in an area where its 40 foot height and spread wont be a problem. It can also have visible surface roots and not too many things will grow under it. I have Yellow Archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon) growing under mine and they both seem happy (Archangel can be invasive, plant with care) and Pachysandra will usually ...

Fairview is a hardy, deciduous, tree with broad crown and dense foliage. The leaves open dark red and turn dark green in the summer. It bears greenish-yellow flowers in early spring. Tolerant of poor soils and harsh environmental conditions, but should be grown where vigorous surface roots will not be a

Olmstead is a hardy, deciduous, upright tree reaching a height of 30 feet in height by 15 feet in width. Dense green turns yellow in fall. Greenish-yello

A porous protective sheath for active extraction media used in solid phase microextraction (SPME). The sheath permits exposure of the media to the environment without the necessity of extending a fragile coated fiber from a protective tube or needle. Subsequently, the sheath can pierce and seal with GC-MS septums, allowing direct injection of samples into inlet ports of analytical equipment. Use of the porous protective sheath, within which the active extraction media is contained, mitigates the problems of: 1) fiber breakage while the fiber is extended during sampling, 2) active media coating loss caused by physical contact of the bare fiber with the sampling environment; and 3) coating slough-off during fiber extension and retraction operations caused by rubbing action between the fiber and protective needle or tube.

Solid Phase Microextraction with Polystyrene-Poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymers, Andrew Schlaus and Rebecca Lyons, Advisor. ...

Volatile organic compounds were rapidly sampled and concentrated from water in 5 seconds using a CUSTODION solid phase microextraction syringe. Compounds were analyzed on-site using the TRIDION portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer. ...

Haworthia truncata belongs to Liliaceae (the Lily family). It is an evergreen herb that is distributed in the Western Cape region of South Africa. Column-like leaves with flat tips are about 4-5 cm in length and arranged in fan-like fashion. It absorbs light from a translucent window on a flat part. It grows in the winter rainy season and dorms in the dry season of the summer. The bottom photo is the garden cultivar Lime Green. ...

Tabbouleh is a classic Middle Eastern dish. This version, inspired by the Palouse regions vast wheat fields, is considerably slimmed down from the traditional version.

Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species Pellaea truncata Goodding Click on names to expand them, and on P for PLANTS profiles ...