Shop Photosystem I reaction center ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Photosystem I reaction center Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

Photosystem I. Computer model of the molecular structure of the Photosystem I complex, showing beta-carotene (orange), alpha-chlorophyll (green) and reaction centre subunits. Photosystems are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. They are enzymes, typically found in the chloroplasts of plants, which absorb light and use it to reduce (add electrons to) other molecules. Photosystems I and II work together to form a photosynthetic chain that removes electrons from water, creating oxygen as a byproduct. - Stock Image C001/3320

Chlorophylls (Chl) play pivotal roles in energy capture, transfer and charge separation in photosynthesis. Among Chls functioning in oxygenic photosynthesis, Chl f is the most red-shifted type first found in a cyanobacterium Halomicronema hongdechloris. The location and function of Chl f in photosystems are not clear. Here we analyzed the high-resolution structures of photosystem I (PSI) core from H. hongdechloris grown under white or far-red light by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure showed that, far-red PSI binds 83 Chl a and 7 Chl f, and Chl f are associated at the periphery of PSI but not in the electron transfer chain. The appearance of Chl f is well correlated with the expression of PSI genes induced under far-red light. These results indicate that Chl f functions to harvest the far-red light and enhance uphill energy transfer, and changes in the gene sequences are essential for the binding of Chl f. Chlorophyll f (Chl f) is the most red-shifted Chl in oxygenic photosynthesis but its

The photosynthetic process has the unique ability to capture energy from sunlight and accumulate that energy in sugars and starch. This thesis deals with the light driven part of photosynthesis. The aim has been to investigate how the light-absorbing protein complexes Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II), react upon illumination of light with lower energy (far-red light; 700-850 nm) than the absorption peak at respective primary donor, P700 and P680. The results were unexpected. At 295 K, we showed that both PS I and PS II were able to perform photochemistry with light up to 130 nm above its respective primary donor absorption maxima. As such, it was found that the primary donors action spectra extended approximately 80 nm further out into the red-region of the spectrum than previously reported. The ability to perform photochemistry with far-red light was conserved at cryogenic temperatures (, 77 K) in both photosystems. By performing EPR measurements on various photosystem ...

Photosystem I is an integral component of the thylakoid membrane which catalyzes the photoreduction of ferredoxin using plastocyanin or cytochrome c as electron donor. In higher plants, the photosyste

PSAC_PEA] Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01303] [CAB6_ARATH] The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. [PSAI_PEA] May help in the organization of the PsaL subunit. [PSAB_PEA] PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a ...

Read Influence of electrochemical proton gradient on electron flow in photosystem I of pea leaves, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Mixed monolayers of chlorophyll (chl) and zeaxanthin exhibit large, reversible bathochromic spectral shifts (from 688 to 733 nm) with increasing surface pressure (decreasing intermolecular distance). The absorption spectrum of the monolayer can be made to be similar to that of Photosystem I or II, by varying the mo

Photosystem I light harvesting complex gene 5; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated (PubMed-15563470, PubMed-21806943). Seems involved in the function of the photosystem I in low light conditions, when other LHCA proteins are less abundant (PubMed-15356385). Required, together with LHCA6, for the formation of a full-size NAD(P)H dehydrogenase- photosystem I supercomplex (NDH-PSI) that triggers cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport in chloroplast thylakoi [...] (256 aa ...

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

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To coordinate metabolite fluxes and energy availability, plants adjust metabolism and gene expression to environmental changes through employment of interacting signalling pathways. Comparing the response of Arabidopsis wild-type plants with that of the mutants adg1, pgr1 and vtc1 upon altered CO2-availability, the regulatory role of the cellular energy status, photosynthetic electron transport, the redox state and concentration of ascorbate and glutathione and the assimilatory force was analyzed in relation to the transcript abundance of stress-responsive nuclear encoded genes and psaA and psbA encoding the reaction centre proteins of photosystem I and II, respectively. Transcript abundance of Bap1, Stp1, psaA and psaB was coupled with seven metabolic parameters. Especially for psaA and psaB, the complex analysis demonstrated that the assumed PQ-dependent redox control is subordinate to signals linked to the relative availability of 3-PGA and DHAP, which define the assimilatory force. For the

Other articles where Phase I reaction is discussed: poison: Biotransformation: In phase I, an exogenous molecule is modified by the addition of a functional group such as a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, or a sulfhydryl. This modification allows phase II, the conjugation, or joining, of the exogenous molecule with an endogenous molecule (one naturally found in the…

Im Auftrag des SECO unterstützt regiosuisse die Umsetzung der NRP auf Ebene von Bund, Kantonen und Regionen mit einem umfassenden Wissensmanagement.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • A Aa Ab Ac Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az • B Ba Bb Bc Bd Be Bf Bg Bh Bi Bj Bk Bl Bm Bn Bo Bp Bq Br Bs Bt Bu Bv Bw Bx By Bz • C Ca Cb Cc Cd Ce Cf Cg Ch Ci Cj Ck Cl Cm Cn Co Cp Cq Cr Cs Ct Cu Cv Cw Cx Cy Cz • D Da Db Dc Dd De Df Dg Dh Di Dj Dk Dl Dm Dn Do Dp Dq Dr Ds Dt Du Dv Dw Dx Dy Dz • E Ea Eb Ec Ed Ee Ef Eg Eh Ei Ej Ek El Em En Eo Ep Eq Er Es Et Eu Ev Ew Ex Ey Ez • F Fa Fb Fc Fd Fe Ff Fg Fh Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Ft Fu Fv Fw Fx Fy Fz • G Ga Gb Gc Gd Ge Gf Gg Gh Gi Gj Gk Gl Gm Gn Go Gp Gq Gr Gs Gt Gu Gv Gw Gx Gy Gz • H Ha Hb Hc Hd He Hf Hg Hh Hi Hj Hk Hl Hm Hn Ho Hp Hq Hr Hs Ht Hu Hv Hw Hx Hy Hz • I Ia Ib Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is It Iu Iv Iw Ix Iy Iz • J Ja Jb Jc Jd Je Jf Jg Jh Ji Jj Jk Jl Jm Jn Jo Jp Jq Jr Js Jt Ju Jv Jw Jx Jy Jz • K Ka Kb Kc Kd Ke Kf Kg Kh Ki Kj Kk Kl Km Kn Ko Kp Kq Kr Ks Kt Ku Kv Kw Kx Ky Kz • L La Lb Lc Ld Le Lf Lg Lh Li Lj Lk Ll Lm Ln Lo Lp Lq Lr Ls Lt ...

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • A Aa Ab Ac Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az • B Ba Bb Bc Bd Be Bf Bg Bh Bi Bj Bk Bl Bm Bn Bo Bp Bq Br Bs Bt Bu Bv Bw Bx By Bz • C Ca Cb Cc Cd Ce Cf Cg Ch Ci Cj Ck Cl Cm Cn Co Cp Cq Cr Cs Ct Cu Cv Cw Cx Cy Cz • D Da Db Dc Dd De Df Dg Dh Di Dj Dk Dl Dm Dn Do Dp Dq Dr Ds Dt Du Dv Dw Dx Dy Dz • E Ea Eb Ec Ed Ee Ef Eg Eh Ei Ej Ek El Em En Eo Ep Eq Er Es Et Eu Ev Ew Ex Ey Ez • F Fa Fb Fc Fd Fe Ff Fg Fh Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Ft Fu Fv Fw Fx Fy Fz • G Ga Gb Gc Gd Ge Gf Gg Gh Gi Gj Gk Gl Gm Gn Go Gp Gq Gr Gs Gt Gu Gv Gw Gx Gy Gz • H Ha Hb Hc Hd He Hf Hg Hh Hi Hj Hk Hl Hm Hn Ho Hp Hq Hr Hs Ht Hu Hv Hw Hx Hy Hz • I Ia Ib Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is It Iu Iv Iw Ix Iy Iz • J Ja Jb Jc Jd Je Jf Jg Jh Ji Jj Jk Jl Jm Jn Jo Jp Jq Jr Js Jt Ju Jv Jw Jx Jy Jz • K Ka Kb Kc Kd Ke Kf Kg Kh Ki Kj Kk Kl Km Kn Ko Kp Kq Kr Ks Kt Ku Kv Kw Kx Ky Kz • L La Lb Lc Ld Le Lf Lg Lh Li Lj Lk Ll Lm Ln Lo Lp Lq Lr Ls Lt ...

Původním místem prodejny byl zrekonstruovaný Vinohradský Pavilon, kde byla umístěna od roku 1994. Původní zaměření - značkové papírnictví se změnilo velmi rychle na prodej značkových psacích potřeb, diářů a kožených doplňků. ...

Původním místem prodejny byl zrekonstruovaný Vinohradský Pavilon, kde byla umístěna od roku 1994. Původní zaměření - značkové papírnictví se změnilo velmi rychle na prodej značkových psacích potřeb, diářů a kožených doplňků. ...

Solar energy harnessed by oxygenic photosynthesis supports most of the life forms on Earth. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and is achieved by membrane-embedded macromolecular complexes that contain core and peripheral antennae with multiple pigments. The structure of photosystem I (PSI) comprises the core and light-harvesting (LHCI) complexes, which together form PSI-LHCI. Here we determined the structure of PSI-LHCI from the salt-tolerant green alga Dunaliella salina using X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy. Our results reveal a previously undescribed configuration of the PSI core. It is composed of only 7 subunits, compared with 14-16 subunits in plants and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and forms the smallest known PSI. The LHCI is poorly conserved at the sequence level and binds to pigments that form new energy pathways, and the interactions between the individual Lhca1-4 proteins are weakened. Overall, the data indicate the PSI of D. salina represents a

Abstract: Photosystem I is a light-driven electron transfer device. Available X-ray crystal structure from Thermosynechococcus elongatus, showed that electron transfer pathways consist of two nearly symmetric branches of cofactors converging at the first iron sulfur cluster FX, which is followed by two terminal iron sulfur clusters FA and FB. Experiments have shown that Fx has lower oxidation potential than FA and FB, which facilitate the electron transfer reaction. Here, we use Density Functional Theory and Multi-Conformer Continuum Electrostatics to explain the differences in the midpoint Em potentials of the Fx, FA and FB clusters. Our calculations show that Fx has the lowest oxidation potential compared to FA and FB due strong pair-wise electrostatic interactions with surrounding residues. These interactions are shown to dominated by the bridging sulfurs and cysteine ligands, which may be attributed to the shorter average bond distances between the oxidized Fe ion and ligating sulfurs for FX ...

A Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Phosphoprotein Governs Expression of the Photosystem I Subunit PsaC in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - une publication du labo Goldschmidt-Clermont dans The Plant Cell.. Une algue pleine de ressources - une interview de Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont dans les nouvelles radiodiffusées de la RTS.. ...

Interpretation: Energy as a function of wavelength is a hyperbolic function. Notice that as wavelength decreases, the energy absorbed increases. For example, red light has wavelength of 680 nm and contains a considerable amount of energy, 42 kcal. However, a pigment molecule absorbing blue light, with a wavelength 400 nm, absorbs about 71 kcal of energy. Conclusions: The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy absorbed. The different pigment molecules of plants absorb different wavelengths of light and consequently absorb different energies. Additionally, during photosynthesis, certain processes require higher energy than others. For example, photosystem II requires photons with slightly higher energies than photosystem I. As a result, chlorophyll molecules in photosystem II absorb light maximally at 680 nm while molecules in photosystem I can absorb light up to 700 nm.. Additional Questions:. 1. Ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 284 nm. Would you expect it to be more or less ...

Figure 6. Immunoblots demonstrating localization of PSA3 to the stromal face of the thylakoid membrane. Proteins were fractionated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with the indicated antibodies. An excerpt of an image of each blot stained with Ponceau S is shown to illustrate the total population of proteins in each lane and to serve as a loading control. The large subunit of Rubisco (RbcL) is marked. A, Immunoblot analysis of total leaf proteins from maize, demonstrating specificity of the PSA3 antibody. The size of the major protein detected in the wild type (WT; ∼26 kD) corresponds to that predicted for mature Zm-PSA3. Several cross-reacting proteins accumulate to elevated levels in the mutants. The identities of these proteins are not known. B, Relative PSA3 concentration in extracts of leaf, purified mitochondria (Mito), and purified chloroplasts (CP). A blot that had been used in a previous publication (Kroeger et al., 2009) was reprobed to detect PSA3. D1 (the PsbA ...

Klodawska K, Kovacs L, Varkonyi Z, Kis M, Sozer O, Laczko-Dobos H, Kobori O, Domonkos I, Strzalka K, Gombos Z, Malec P: Elevated Growth Temperature Can Enhance Photosystem I Trimer Formation and Affects Xanthophyll Biosynthesis in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Cells., PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 56: (3) pp. 558-571 ...

or proton motive force (pmf). The pmf drives the synthesis of ATP to power the reactions of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and other essential metabolic processes in the chloroplast. The pmf is also a key regulator of photosynthesis in that it activates the photoprotective qE response to dissipate excess light energy and down-regulates electron transfer by controlling the rate of oxidation of plastoquinol at the cytochrome b6f complex (b6f), thus preventing the buildup of reduced intermediates (1, 2).. LEF results in the transfer or deposition into the lumen of three protons for each electron transferred through PSII, plastoquinone (PQ), b6f, plastocyanin, and photosystem I (PSI) to ferredoxin (Fd). The synthesis of one ATP is thought to require the passage of 4.67 protons through the ATP synthase, so that LEF should produce a ratio of ATP/NADPH of about 1.33; this ratio is too low to sustain the CBB cycle or supply ATP required for translation, protein transport, or other ATP-dependent ...

Shop Photosystem II 10 kDa polypeptide ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Photosystem II 10 kDa polypeptide Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

Secondary electron emission is one of the most fundamental problems in spacecraft charging. An accurate prediction of secondary electron yield at low-energ

Finnish researchers have demonstrated that photoinhibition of photosystem I, which reduces the effectiveness of photosynthesis, is actually a plants self-defense mechanism against more extensive harm.

Schöttler, M. A.; Thiele, W.; Belkius, K.; Bergner, S.V.; Flügel, C.; Wittenberg, G.; Agrawal, S.; Stegemann, S.; Ruf, S.; Bock, R.: The plastid-encoded PsaI subunit stabilizes photosystem I during leaf senescence in tobacco. Journal of Experimental Botany 68 (5), pp. 1137 - 1155 (2017 ...

SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for A0A6B9QC98 (A0A6B9QC98_9GENT), Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2. Coffea dolichophylla

SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for A0A6B9QGF3 (A0A6B9QGF3_9GENT), Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2. Coffea ebracteolata

Recombinant protein of human polymerase (RNA) I polypeptide C, 30kDa (POLR1C), transcript variant 1, 20 ug available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

Overcome wireless concerns such as coverage and capacity with the right system (DAS) products and correct placement within your building.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • A Aa Ab Ac Ač Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As Aš At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az Až • B Ba Bb Bc Bč Bd Be Bf Bg Bh Bi Bj Bk Bl Bm Bn Bo Bp Bq Br Bs Bš Bt Bu Bv Bw Bx By Bz Bž • C Ca Cb Cc Cč Cd Ce Cf Cg Ch Ci Cj Ck Cl Cm Cn Co Cp Cq Cr Cs Cš Ct Cu Cv Cw Cx Cy Cz Cž • Č Ča Čb Čc Čč Čd Če Čf Čg Čh Či Čj Čk Čl Čm Čn Čo Čp Čq Čr Čs Čš Čt Ču Čv Čw Čx Čy Čz Čž • D Da Db Dc Dč Dd De Df Dg Dh Di Dj Dk Dl Dm Dn Do Dp Dq Dr Ds Dš Dt Du Dv Dw Dx Dy Dz Dž • E Ea Eb Ec Eč Ed Ee Ef Eg Eh Ei Ej Ek El Em En Eo Ep Eq Er Es Eš Et Eu Ev Ew Ex Ey Ez Ež • F Fa Fb Fc Fč Fd Fe Ff Fg Fh Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Fš Ft Fu Fv Fw Fx Fy Fz Fž • G Ga Gb Gc Gč Gd Ge Gf Gg Gh Gi Gj Gk Gl Gm Gn Go Gp Gq Gr Gs Gš Gt Gu Gv Gw Gx Gy Gz Gž • H Ha Hb Hc Hč Hd He Hf Hg Hh Hi Hj Hk Hl Hm Hn Ho Hp Hq Hr Hs Hš Ht Hu Hv Hw Hx Hy Hz Hž • I Ia Ib Ic Ič Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is Iš It Iu Iv Iw Ix Iy Iz Iž ...

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • A Aa Ab Ac Ač Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As Aš At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az Až • B Ba Bb Bc Bč Bd Be Bf Bg Bh Bi Bj Bk Bl Bm Bn Bo Bp Bq Br Bs Bš Bt Bu Bv Bw Bx By Bz Bž • C Ca Cb Cc Cč Cd Ce Cf Cg Ch Ci Cj Ck Cl Cm Cn Co Cp Cq Cr Cs Cš Ct Cu Cv Cw Cx Cy Cz Cž • Č Ča Čb Čc Čč Čd Če Čf Čg Čh Či Čj Čk Čl Čm Čn Čo Čp Čq Čr Čs Čš Čt Ču Čv Čw Čx Čy Čz Čž • D Da Db Dc Dč Dd De Df Dg Dh Di Dj Dk Dl Dm Dn Do Dp Dq Dr Ds Dš Dt Du Dv Dw Dx Dy Dz Dž • E Ea Eb Ec Eč Ed Ee Ef Eg Eh Ei Ej Ek El Em En Eo Ep Eq Er Es Eš Et Eu Ev Ew Ex Ey Ez Ež • F Fa Fb Fc Fč Fd Fe Ff Fg Fh Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Fš Ft Fu Fv Fw Fx Fy Fz Fž • G Ga Gb Gc Gč Gd Ge Gf Gg Gh Gi Gj Gk Gl Gm Gn Go Gp Gq Gr Gs Gš Gt Gu Gv Gw Gx Gy Gz Gž • H Ha Hb Hc Hč Hd He Hf Hg Hh Hi Hj Hk Hl Hm Hn Ho Hp Hq Hr Hs Hš Ht Hu Hv Hw Hx Hy Hz Hž • I Ia Ib Ic Ič Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is Iš It Iu Iv Iw Ix Iy Iz Iž ...

MILLITECH PROPOSES TO DESIGN A COMPACT OFFSET CASSEGRAIN ANTENNA SYSTEM TO BE USED AT A WAVELENGTH OF 8 MM FOR CLOUD RESEARCH. THE SYSTEM WILL BE DESIGNED TO GIVE THE LOWSIDELOBE LEVELS CHARACTERISTIC OF AN OFFSET REFLECTOR WHILE GIVING POLARIZATION ISOLATION BETTER THAN 20 DB. THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN HIGH POLARIZATION ISOLATION AND COMPACT SIZE WILL BE RESOLVED BY USING A GAUSSIAN OPTICS LENS ANTEN .... ...

MILLITECH PROPOSES TO DESIGN A COMPACT OFFSET CASSEGRAIN ANTENNA SYSTEM TO BE USED AT A WAVELENGTH OF 8 MM FOR CLOUD RESEARCH. THE SYSTEM WILL BE DESIGNED TO GIVE THE LOWSIDELOBE LEVELS CHARACTERISTIC OF AN OFFSET REFLECTOR WHILE GIVING POLARIZATION ISOLATION BETTER THAN 20 DB. THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN HIGH POLARIZATION ISOLATION AND COMPACT SIZE WILL BE RESOLVED BY USING A GAUSSIAN OPTICS LENS ANTEN .... ...

டாக்டர் ரெட்டீசு லாபரேட்டரி வரையறுக்கப்பட்டது, (Dr. Reddys Laboratories Ltd) ஒருங்கிணைந்த முறையில் மருந்துத் தயாரிக்கும் ஓர் நிறுவனம் ஆகும். இது தனது தயாரிப்பை மூன்று வணிகப் பிரிவுகளால் குவியப்படுத்துகிறது: இவை உலகளாவிய பண்புசார் பிரிவு, மருந்துச் சேவை மற்றும் இயக்கத்திலுள்ள உட்பொருட்கள் (PSAI) பிரிவு, உரிமையுடை பொருட்கள் பிரிவு ஆகும். முன்னதாக ஐதராபாத்தில் அமைந்திருந்த பொதுத்துறை ...

I used to be able to see them all, now I have to click on each one to see them? Did I do something to my set up or is this the way it is now? PS I dont like it!

Three surface residues of plastocyanin from Prochlorothrix hollandica have been modified by site-directed mutagenesis. Changes have been made in methionine 33, located in the hydrophobic patch of the copper protein, and in arginine 86 and proline 53, both located in the eastern hydrophilic area. The reactivity toward photosystem I of single mutants M33N, P53A, P53E, R86Q, R86E, and the double mutant M33N/P14L has been studied by laser flash absorption spectroscopy. All the mutations yield increased reactivity of plastocyanin toward photosystem I as compared with wild type plastocyanin, thus indicating that in Prochlorothrix electron donation to photosystem I is not optimized. The most drastic increases in the intracomplex electron transfer rate are obtained with mutants in methionine 33, whereas replacing arginine 86 only modestly affects the plastocyanin-photosystem I equilibrium constant for complex formation. Mutations at position 53 also promote major changes in the association of ...

Cyclic photophosphorylation only involves photosystem I (also known as P700) forms ATP. The chlorophyll `a` molecule in the reaction centre is sensitive to light (photosensitive) and when it absorbs light energy it causes an electron to be excited to a higher energy level. The electron gains so much energy it leaves the chlorophyll molecule and is picked up by another molecule called an electron acceptor or carrier. The electron is then passed back to the chlorophyll `a` along a chain of other electron carriers. As it is passed along the chain, the energy it contained is released and is used to make an ATP molecule from ADP and phosphate. The ATP that is made can then be used in the light-independent reactions. The electron, now at a lower energy level, returns to the chlorophyll `a` molecule in photosystem I. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation This involves both photosystem I and II. Light is absorbed by photosystem II and this boosts electrons to a higher level, where they are picked up and then ...

Above: The structure of Photosystem II.. It seems like there has been a bunch of nanotech posts lately, so I thought I would switch it up with some biochemistry. Recently, a high resolution solid state molecular structure of Photosystem II was published in the journal Nature. Photosystem II is a massive (350 kDa) membrane protein that is the first in a series of membrane proteins that play a part in utilizing photons for chemical energy. Photosystem II contains 70 chlorophyll as and 24 beta-carotenes which are specifically situated so that they can absorb photons and transfer electrons along a pathway, eventually storing them by reducing NAD or NADP, which can be used by the organism later. The chlorophylls, now lacking an electron, takes one from one of two oxygen evolving centers in the protein. After the absorption of four photons and the transfer of four electrons, two molecules of H2O are oxidized to one molecule of O2, and the cycle begins again.. Although this protein has been ...

Photosystem II. Molecular model of the photosystem II complex. Photosystems are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Photosystem II is found on the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It is the first step in photosynthesis. It absorbs light and uses the energy to drive the oxidation of water, creating oxygen as a byproduct, and the reduction of plastoquinone. - Stock Image F006/9500

Natural photosynthesis makes only limited use of the available photons, the so-called photosynthetically active region (PAR). In addition, part of these photons are used to drive ATP synthesis for the maintenance and growth of the organism and the concentration of CO2. We see an opportunity to make a fundamental transition towards more efficient photosynthesis by adding a 3rd photosystem, nicknamed photosystem 3 (PS3), since it complements the existing photosystems 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2).. Synthetic biology will be used to implement this new photosystem that should serve to exploit the photons , 700 nm, outside the PAR, for modulating the proton gradient across the membrane. In this way the additional energy input will be used to produce additional ATP that can be used for metabolic purposes and CO2 concentration. This would allow the decoupling of linear electron flow from the cyclic flow by a separate, red-light driven membrane protein component. To achieve this, we apply a synthetic biology ...

Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water: plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbA) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex.

Photosystem II is an integral part of photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by living organisms. Photosystem II is linked to a variety of other proteins, including Photosytem I. These proteins ultimately produce NADPH and ATP that power the Calvin cycle. Using this energy, glucose is synthesized from carbon dioxide and water. See also Photosynthesis. ...

Photosynthesis (Light): Advanced Look --, 1.) Photosystem II Photosystem II performs several important actions. It captures the energy from photons, tranfers electrons, splits water molecules, and creates molecular oxygen (O2). Clicking on each of the thumbnail images will bring up a larger, labeled version of the described scene.. To see the Flash movie for the following sequence of images, click here.. ...

ii) secondary electrons are electrons that came from the material itself AFTER the absoption of the primary electron. So you shoot a bunch of primary electrons at a material, the primary get absorbed, and electrons came out. The secondary electrons may be MORE in number than the primary, depending on the energy of the primary electrons and the secondary emission yield (SEY) of the material. If a material has a SEY of 4 at a particular energy, then a primary electron hitting the material at that very same energy can cause the emission of 4 secondary electrons. Of course, these secondary electrons have energies way lower than the incident primary. This technique is most often used in SEM, Auger spectroscopy, etc ...

The axial ligands of the acceptor chlorophylls, A0A and A0B, in Photosystem I are the Met sulfur atoms of M688PsaA and M668PsaB. To determine the role of the Met, His variants were generated in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Molecular dynamics simulations on M688HPsaA show that there exist low energy conformations with the His coordinated to A0A and possibly H-bonded to A1A. Transient EPR studies on M688HPsaA indicate a more symmetrical electron spin distribution in the A1A phyllosemiquinone ring consistent with the presence of an H-bond to the C1 carbonyl. Ultrafast optical studies on the variants show that the 150 fs charge separation between P700 and A0 remains unaffected. Studies on the ns timescale show that 57% of the electrons are transferred from A0A − to A1A in M688HPsaA and 48% from A0B − to A1B in M668HPsaB; the remainder recombine with P700 + with 1/e times of 25 ns and 37 ns, respectively. Those electrons that reach A1A and A1B in the branch carrying the mutation are not ...

Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA. [email protected]. The function of Lhca4, a gene encoding the photosystem 1 type IV chlorophyll a/b-binding protein complex in Arabidopsis, was investigated using antisense technology. Lhca4 protein was reduced in a number of mutant lines and abolished in one. The inhibition of protein was not correlated with the inhibition of mRNA. No depletion of Lhca1 was observed, but the low-temperature fluorescence emission spectrum was drastically altered in the mutants. The emission maximum was blue-shifted by 6 nm, showing that chlorophyll molecules bound to Lhca4 are responsible for most of the long-wavelength fluorescence emission. Some mutants also showed an unexplainable delay in flowering time and an increase in seed weight.. MeSH Terms ...

A method of beam selection in a smart antenna system is provided. The method includes receiving a plurality of uplink beams by a plurality of receivers, each corresponding with one of the plurality of uplink beams. Each uplink beam includes signals transmitted by a mobile station. The method further includes analyzing each of the plurality of uplink beams and selecting an uplink beam from the plurality of uplink beams based at least in part on the analysis of the uplink beams. The method further includes switching to the selected beam in real time to allow the signals communicated in the selected beam to be communicated to a base station transceiver.

Sergio Calatroni (Lead / Corresponding author), Marco Arzeo, Sarah Aull, Marcel Himmerlich, Pedro Costa Pinto, Wilhelmus Vollenberg, Beniamino Di Girolamo, Paul Cruikshank, Paolo Chiggiato, David Bajek, Stefan Wackerow, Amin Abdolvand ...

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Analyses of supercomplex formation in the mitochondrial ETC of S. cerevisiae ISC mutants.To analyze ETC supercomplex formation, mitochondrial suspensions isolat

The Histology/Imaging (H/I) Core provides comprehensive histology and imaging services to BRI investigators and their collaborators. The H/I Core is divided into two service elements: the Histology Core Laboratory (HCL) and the Imaging Core Laboratory (ICL).

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