TY - JOUR. T1 - Inositol polyphosphate multikinase mediates extinction of fear memory. AU - Park, Jina. AU - Longo, Francesco. AU - Park, Seung Ju. AU - Lee, Seulgi. AU - Bae, Mihyun. AU - Tyagi, Richa. AU - Han, Jin Hee. AU - Kim, Seyun. AU - Santini, Emanuela. AU - Klann, Eric. AU - Snyder, Solomon H. PY - 2019/2/12. Y1 - 2019/2/12. N2 - Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of higher inositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, also acts as a versatile signaling player in regulating tissue growth and metabolism. To elucidate neurobehavioral functions of IPMK, we generated mice in which IPMK was deleted from the excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain. These mice showed no deficits in either novel object recognition or spatial memory. IPMK conditional knockout mice formed cued fear memory normally but displayed enhanced fear extinction. Signaling analyses revealed dysregulated expression of neural genes accompanied by ...
Author(s): Echevarria, David J.; Hammack, Catherine M.; Jouandot, David J.; Toms, Christina N. | Abstract: Previous research reports that acute alcohol exposure disrupts shoaling behavior in the zebrafish. The purpose of these studies is to better understand how acute alcohol exposure (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) alters zebrafish behavior. The effects of alcohol on aggressive behaviors in humans have been widely researched. Previous research from this lab has shown a bimodal effect of alcohol on shoaling behavior in zebrafish, with 0.5% and 2.0% (v/v) disrupting shoaling while 1.0% and 1.5% showing no direct effect. Because shoaling is a social behavior and is altered during acute alcohol exposure, aggressive behavior between fish should be addressed. In this series of experiments we explored alcohol's effects on aggressive behaviors. In order to address a possible role for alcohol induced aggression as it relates to shoaling we chose to examine the effects of acute alcohol exposure on zebrafish
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is a form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, characterized by a progressive movement disorder and prominent iron deposition in the globus pallidus. Formerly referred to as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, the disorder was renamed pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration after discovery of the causative gene, PANK2. Although the pathological features of clinically characterized Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome have been described, the literature is confounded by the historical use of this term for nearly all conditions with prominent basal ganglia iron accumulation and by the fact that this term encompasses a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, now referred to as 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation'. As a result, interpreting reports that precede molecular characterization of specific forms of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is problematic. In the present studies, we describe neuropathological ...
Define blood alcohol concentration. blood alcohol concentration synonyms, blood alcohol concentration pronunciation, blood alcohol concentration translation, English dictionary definition of blood alcohol concentration. n. The concentration of alcohol in the blood, expressed as the weight of alcohol in a fixed volume of blood and used as a measure of the degree of...
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Annual $2,500 Scholarship Deadline is December 15, 2020 ORLANDO, FL, October 30, 2020 /Neptune100/ - The law firm of Bogin, Munns & Munns welcomes eligible students to apply for its Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Scholarship. Every year, the firm awards $2,500 to a deserving student.. The deadline for entries for the 2020 scholarship is December 15, 2020.. The Impacts of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a term used to describe a range of physical and cognitive effects and conditions that an infant can suffer when their mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. FASDs are the leading cause of intellectual and other lifetime disabilities and are preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol during pregnancy. One in 20 children is affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Eighty percent are un- or misdiagnosed. The typical facial features that were often associated with alcohol exposure in the past are only present in 5-10% of those on the spectrum, ...
This research describes the optimization of parameters (including pH, temperature, period of co-cultivation and age of callus) for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Theobroma cacao L. using staminodes from cocoa buds as explants. The A. tumefaciens strain used was the super avirulent AGLl with the binary vector pGPTV-Kan/Gus. The strain confers aminoglycoside resistance to transformed cells through the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene. Callus induction medium contained DKW minerals, glucose, vitamins, 2 mg/L 2,4D and 0.005 mg/L TDZ (0.5nM) pH 5.3. Co-cultivation medium was identical to callus induction medium but contained 0.02mg/L acetosyringone. Experiments were conducted using two clones of cocoa: KKM19 and P22. Staminodes were cultured on callus induction medium in the dark before the transformation process. After 14 days and 21 days on callus induction medium, callus-derived staminodes were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens on semi-solid co-cultivation ...
We have achieved efficient transformation system for forage-type tall fescue plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mature seed-derived embryogenic calli were infected and co-cultivated with each of three A. tumefaciens strains, all of which harbored a standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) and intron-containing |TEX|$\beta$|/TEX|-glucuronidase (intron-GUS) genes in the T-DNA region. Transformation efficiency was influenced by the A. tumefaciens strain, addition of the phenolic compound acetosyringone and duration of vacuum treatment. Of the three A. tumefaciens strains tested, EHA101/pIG121Hm was found to be most effective followed by GV3101/pIG121Hm and LBA4404/pIG121Hm for transient GUS expression after 3 days co-cultivation. Inclusion of 100 |TEX|$\mu$|/TEX|M acetosyringone in both the inoculation and co-cultivation media lead to an improvement in transient GUS expression observed in targeted calli. Vacuum treatment
casSAR Dugability of A2RD38 | proA | Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase - Also known as PROA_STRPG, proA. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of L-glutamate 5-phosphate into L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde and phosphate. The product spontaneously undergoes cyclization to form 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reduced lethality from ethanol or ethanol plus pentobarbital in mice exposed to 1 or 12 atmospheres absolute helium-oxygen. AU - Malcolm, Richard D.. AU - Finn, Deborah A.. AU - Syapin, Peter J.. AU - Alkana, Ronald L.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1985/8. Y1 - 1985/8. N2 - The present experiments investigated the effects of 1 and 12 atmospheres absolute (ATA) helium-oxygen on potentially lethal doses of ethanol given alone or in combination with pentobarbital. Drug-naive, male C57BL/6J mice were injected IP with 5.4-6.5 g/kg ethanol, 4.5-6.9 g/kg ethanol plus 20 mg/kg pentobarbital, or 50-110 mg/kg pentobarbital plus 2.5 g/kg ethanol. Following injection, the mice were placed into chambers and exposed to environments of 1 ATA air, 1 ATA helium-oxygen, or 12 ATA helium-oxygen. Exposure to 1 or 12 ATA helium-oxygen significantly reduced the lethal effect (percent mortality at given doses and LD50) of ethanol given alone or with 20 mg/kg ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Self-reported alcohol intake and risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. T2 - A prospective cohort study. AU - Wetherbee, Erin E.. AU - Niewoehner, Dennis E.. AU - Sisson, Joseph H.. AU - Lindberg, Sarah M.. AU - Connett, John E.. AU - Kunisaki, Ken M.. PY - 2015/7/20. Y1 - 2015/7/20. N2 - Objective: To evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Methods and measurements: We conducted a secondary analysis of data previously collected in a large, multicenter trial of daily azithromycin in COPD. To analyze the relationship between amount of baseline self-reported alcohol consumption in the past 12 months and subsequent AECOPD, we categorized the subjects as minimal (,1 drink/month), light-to-moderate (1-60 drinks/month), or heavy alcohol users (,60 drinks/month). The primary outcome was time to first AECOPD and the secondary outcome was AECOPD rate during the 1-year study period. Results: ...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, whereas high serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, whether light-to-moderate alcohol drinking is still related to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease irrespective of GGT level is uncertain. METHODS We performed a 12.5-year cohort study of 2336 men (excluding exdrinkers) who were free from cardiovascular disease. They were classified into 4 groups according to alcohol consumption: never, and current light, moderate, or heavy drinker. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of alcohol consumption for incidence of coronary artery disease, total stroke, and ischemic stroke compared with those of never drinkers were assessed with stratification by GGT median (32 IU/L). RESULTS In participants with GGT |32 IU/L, the hazard ratios of all current drinkers for total and ischemic stroke were higher than those of never drinkers.
casSAR Dugability of A2S874 | argB | Acetylglutamate kinase - Also known as ARGB_BURM9, argB. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of N-acetyl-L-glutamate.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Assessing women's sexual arousal in the context of sexual assault history and acute alcohol intoxication. AU - Gilmore, Amanda K.. AU - Schacht, Rebecca L.. AU - George, William H.. AU - Otto, Jacqueline M.. AU - Davis, Kelly Cue. AU - Heiman, Julia R.. AU - Norris, Jeanette. AU - Kajumulo, Kelly F.. N1 - Funding Information: This article was completed by the first author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's in Science in clinical psychology under the supervision of Dr. George. This research was funded through a grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA13565) to Dr. George. Thanks to Dr. Lori Zoellner for her helpful comments. Portions of this manuscript were presented in November 2009 at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. PY - 2010/6. Y1 - 2010/6. N2 - Introduction.: Few studies have examined differences in women's sexual arousal based on sexual assault history ...
Both transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEI) have proven their efficacy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): TACE mainly in large lesions or disseminated disease and PEI in solitary lesions smaller than 3 cm. Although
Allen JP, Litten RZ, Anton RF, Cross GM: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a measure of immoderate drinking: Remaining issues. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18,799-812 (1994). Anton RF, Moak DH: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and -glutamyltransferase as markers of heavy alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18/3,747-754 (1994). Anton R, Bean P: Two methods for measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in inpatient alcoholics and healthy controls compared. Clin Chem 40/3,364-368 (1994). Arndt T, Gressner AM, Kropf J: Labordiagnostik und Kontrolle des Alkoholabusus. Med Welt 45,247-257 (1994). Behrens U, Worner TM, Braly LF et al: Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin, a Marker for Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Different Ethnic Populations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 12,427-432 (1988). Behrens UJ, Worner TM, Lieber CS: Changes in Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin levels after alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 12,539-542 (1988). Bell H, Tallaksen C, Sjahem T, Weberg R et al: Serum ...
Mevalonate kinase deficiency is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, which typically begin during infancy. Each episode of fever lasts about 3 to 6 days, and the frequency of the episodes varies among affected individuals. In childhood the fevers seem to be more frequent, occurring as often as 25 times a year, but as the individual gets older the episodes occur less often.. Mevalonate kinase deficiency has additional signs and symptoms, and the severity depends on the type of the condition. There are two types of mevalonate kinase deficiency: a less severe type called hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS) and a more severe type called mevalonic aciduria (MVA).. During episodes of fever, people with HIDS typically have enlargement of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), abdominal pain, joint pain, diarrhea, skin rashes, and headache. Occasionally they will have painful sores called aphthous ulcers around their mouth. In females, these may also occur around the vagina. ...
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use. Symptoms typically include anxiety, shakiness, sweating, vomiting, fast heart rate, and a mild fever. More severe symptoms may include seizures, seeing or hearing things that others do not, and delirium tremens (DTs). Symptoms typically begin around six hours following the last drink, are worst at 24 to 72 hours, and improve by seven days. Alcohol withdrawal may occur in those who are alcohol dependent. This may occur following a planned or unplanned decrease in alcohol intake. The underlying mechanism involves a decreased responsiveness of GABA receptors in the brain. The withdrawal process is typically followed using the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, revised (CIWA-Ar). The typical treatment of alcohol withdrawal is with benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide or diazepam. Often the amounts given are based on a person's symptoms. ...
In molecular biology, the amino acid kinase domain is a protein domain. It is found in protein kinases with various specificities, including the aspartate, glutamate and uridylate kinase families. In prokaryotes and plants the synthesis of the essential amino acids lysine and threonine is predominantly regulated by feed-back inhibition of aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS). In Escherichia coli, thrA, metLM, and lysC encode aspartokinase isozymes that show feedback inhibition by threonine, methionine, and lysine, respectively. The lysine-sensitive isoenzyme of aspartate kinase from spinach leaves has a subunit composition of 4 large and 4 small subunits. In plants although the control of carbon fixation and nitrogen assimilation has been studied in detail, relatively little is known about the regulation of carbon and nitrogen flow into amino acids. The metabolic regulation of expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana aspartate kinase/homoserine dehydrogenase (AK/HSD) gene, ...
Office of Scientific Affairs (M.J.E.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland; Psychopharmacology Research Unit (S.E.F.), University of London, Guys Hospital, Division of Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom; Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze (G.L.G.), Universita'Degli Studi Di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (K.A.G.), The Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Instituto de Investigaciones Citologicas (C.G.), Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology (P.L.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado; Department of Pharmacology (H.K.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuropharmacology (G.F.K.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.-K.L.), Indianapolis, Indiana; and Department of Pharmacology (B.T.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado. ...
0159] Resistance genes for glyphosate (resistance conferred by mutant 5-enolpyruvl-3 phosphikimate synthase (EPSP) and aroA genes, respectively), and hygromycin B phosphotransferase, and to other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and Streptomyces hygroscopicus phosphinothricin-acetyl transferase (bar) genes) may also be used. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah, et al., which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a form of EPSPS which can confer glyphosate resistance. A DNA molecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCC accession number 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai. A hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene from E. coli that confers resistance to glyphosate in tobacco callus and plants is described in Penaloza-Vazquez et al. (Plant Cell Reports, 14:482-487, 1995). European patent application No. 0 333 033 to Kumada et al., and U.S. Pat. No. ...
Summary Herpes simplex virus can confer to thymidine kinaseless cells the ability to incorporate exogenously supplied thymidine into acid precipitable material. However no incorporation of exogenously supplied deoxycytidine into acid precipitable material can be detected after infection of deoxycytidine kinaseless cells by herpes simplex virus. This failure to incorporate exogenous deoxycytidine is not due to the failure of the deoxycytidine phosphorylating activity of the virus induced deoxypyrimidine kinase but to a block in the metabolism of deoxycytidine monophosphate in herpes simplex virus infected cells. This block becomes evident with the appearance of the virus induced deoxypyrimidine kinase activity.
NBIA (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation) comprises a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases having as a common denominator, iron overload in specific brain areas, mainly basal ganglia and globus pallidus. In the past decade a bunch of disease genes have been identified, but NBIA pathomechanisms are still not completely clear. PKAN (pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration), an autosomal recessive disorder with progressive impairment of movement, vision and cognition, is the most common form of NBIA. It is caused by mutations in the PANK2 (pantothenate kinase 2) gene, coding for a mitochondrial enzyme that phosphorylates vitamin B5 in the first reaction of the CoA (coenzyme A) biosynthetic pathway. A distinct form of NBIA, denominated CoPAN (CoA synthase protein-associated neurodegeneration), is caused by mutations in the CoASY (CoA synthase) gene coding for a bifunctional mitochondrial enzyme, which catalyses the final steps of CoA biosynthesis. These two inborn ...
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a recessively inherited autoinflammatory disorder with a spectrum of manifestations, including the well-defined clinical phenotypes of hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome and mevalonic aciduria. Patients with MKD have recurrent attacks of hyperinflammation associated with fever, abdominal pain, arthralgias, and mucocutaneous lesions, and more severely affected patients also have dysmorphisms and central nervous system anomalies. MKD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding mevalonate kinase, with the degree of residual enzyme activity largely determining disease severity. Mevalonate kinase is essential for the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids, which mediate protein prenylation. Although the precise pathogenesis of MKD remains unclear, increasing evidence suggests that deficiency in protein prenylation leads to innate immune activation and systemic hyperinflammation. Given the emerging understanding of MKD as an autoinflammatory disorder,
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ethanol alters the osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. AU - Hipp, Jennifer A.. AU - Hipp, Jason D.. AU - Atala, Anthony. AU - Soker, Shay. PY - 2010/10/1. Y1 - 2010/10/1. N2 - Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of developmental defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Clinical manifestations of FASD are highly variable and include mental retardation and developmental defects of the heart, kidney, muscle, skeleton, and craniofacial structures. Specific effects of ethanol on fetal cells include induction of apoptosis as well as inhibition of proliferation, differentiation, and migration. This complex set of responses suggests that a bioinformatics approach could clarify some of the pathways involved in these responses. Methods: In this study, the responses of fetal stem cells derived from the amniotic fluid (AFSCs) to treatment with ethanol have been examined. Large-scale transcriptome analysis of ethanol-treated AFSCs ...
To the Editor:. The use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers is the currently recommended procedure for the control of infection in health care settings. The American College of Obstetricians advises that "women should avoid alcohol entirely while pregnant or trying to conceive." Is the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers by pregnant health care workers a risk to their unborn fetuses?. A review of the literature revealed that few studies have been done to measure blood alcohol concentrations after the use of these alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Miller et al1 had 5 volunteers (all men) apply hand sanitizer (62% ethanol) 50 times over a 4-hour period, and found all blood alcohol concentrations to be below 5 mg/dL.. Kramer et al2 had 12 volunteers (six men and six women) use three different hand sanitizers (95%, 85%, and 55% ethanol) for a Basic Hand Hygiene application regimen. The volunteers applied 4 mL of hand sanitizer for 30 seconds each time, 20 times over the course of 30 minutes, with ...
You searched for: Subject Alcohol Drinking Remove constraint Subject: Alcohol Drinking Subject Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Remove constraint Subject: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hereditary erythrocyte adenylate kinase deficiency. T2 - A defect of multiple phosphotransferases?. AU - Lachant, N. A.. AU - Zerez, C. R.. AU - Barredo, J.. AU - Lee, D. W.. AU - Savely, S. M.. AU - Tanaka, K. R.. PY - 1991. Y1 - 1991. N2 - Adenylate kinase (AK) modulates the interconversion of adenine nucleotides (AMP + adenosine triphosphate → 2 ADP). We evaluated the fifth kindred with hereditary erythrocyte (RBC) AK deficiency. The proband had chronic hemolytic anemia. Her RBC had undetectable AK activity when measured spectrophotometrically, whereas those of her parents had half-normal AK activity. AK electrophoresis showed only AK-1 in the parents. The activities of pyruvate kinase and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase were decreased given the young age of the proband's RBC. Despite the absence of spectrophotometric AK activity, the proband's RBC were able to incorporate 14C-adenine into 14C-adenine nucleotides at 50% of the rate expected for her young RBC ...
Background & objective: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) is an important nosocomial pathogen which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) methylation are two important mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, and rmtD), and the AME genes [aac(6′)-Ib, aac(3)-I, ant(3′′)-I, aph(3′)-I and aac(6')-Id], among clinical isolates of A. baumannii in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Between November 2015 to July 2016, a total of 110 clinical strains of A. baumannii were isolated from patients in two teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The presence of genes encoding the AMEs and16S rRNA methylases responsible for resis-tance was investigated by
TY - JOUR. T1 - Incorporation and washout of orally administered n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters in different plasma lipid fractions. AU - van Zuijdgeest Leeuwen, S.D.. AU - Dagnelie, P.C.. AU - Rietveld, T.. AU - van den Berg, J.W.O.. AU - Wilson, J.H.P.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - The aim of the present study was to quantify the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) into plasma lipids after oral administration of n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters, since little is known about the rate and pattern of incorporation into plasma lipid fractions. In addition, we aimed to obtain preliminary information regarding epa half-life, which is needed to establish an optimal dosing schedule. Five healthy volunteers ingested two 8·5 g doses of n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters daily for 7 d, supplying 6·0 g epa/d and 5·3 g dha/d. The fatty acid compositions of plasma phospholipids (pl), cholesteryl esters (ce) and triacylglycerols (tag) were determined during supplementation and during ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Delivering alcohol screening and alcohol brief interventions within general dental practice. T2 - British Dental Journal. AU - McAuley,A.. AU - Goodall,C. A.. AU - Ogden,G. R.. AU - Shepherd,Simon. AU - Cruikshank,K.. PY - 2011/5/13. Y1 - 2011/5/13. N2 - Alcohol consumption and affordability in the UK has increased over the last 50 years and is associated with a range of adverse oral health outcomes, the most serious of which, oral cancer, is also increasing in incidence. Despite this, routine screening and intervention relating to alcohol consumption within general dental practice remains uncommon. This review of the literature describes the background and outlines the evidence base for undertaking alcohol screening and delivering brief interventions in general dental practice. Consideration will be given to the rationale for, and range of issues related to, introducing this into general dental practice.. AB - Alcohol consumption and affordability in the UK has increased over ...
In enzymology, a diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CMP + a phosphatidylcholine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-choline and 1,2-diacylglycerol, whereas its two products are CMP and phosphatidylcholine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. Other names in common use include: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-m-glycerol:CDPcholine choline phosphotransferase, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase, 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase, alkylacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase, alkylacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase, CDP-choline diglyceride phosphotransferase, cholinephosphotransferase, CPT, cytidine diphosphocholine glyceride ...
Coenzyme A is an essential metabolite known for its central role in over one hundred cellular metabolic reactions. In cells, Coenzyme A is synthesized de novo in five enzymatic steps with vitamin B5 as the starting metabolite, phosphorylated by pantothenate kinase. Mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene cause a severe form of neurodegeneration for which no treatment is available. One therapeutic strategy is to generate Coenzyme A precursors downstream of the defective step in the pathway. Here we describe the synthesis, characteristics and in vivo rescue potential of the acetyl-Coenzyme A precursor S-acetyl-4'-phosphopantetheine as a possible treatment for neurodegeneration associated with pantothenate kinase deficiency. ...
selenophosphate synthetase: involved in selenium metabolism; gamma-phosphate of ATP is transferred to HSe resulting in formation of monoselenophosphate; amino acid sequence in first source
Isopropyl alcohol is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It will dissolve ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins.[8] Unlike ethanol or methanol, isopropyl alcohol is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated isopropyl alcohol to separate into a distinct layer.[9] Isopropyl alcohol forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) isopropyl alcohol. Water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures have depressed melting points.[9] It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink.[9][10] Isopropyl alcohol becomes increasingly viscous with decreasing temperature and will freeze at −89 °C (−128 °F). Isopropyl alcohol has a maximum absorbance at 205 nm in an ultraviolet-visible spectrum.[11][12] ...
Looking for online definition of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation in the Medical Dictionary? neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation explanation free. What is neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation? Meaning of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation medical term. What does neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation mean?
Schizochytrium species are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in many species. This study investigates low-temperature effects on DHA biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. TIO01 and its underlying mechanism. The Schizochytrium fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was evaluated based on de novo genome assembly (contig N50 = 2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are, respectively, responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis in Schizochytrium. Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA in Schizochytrium, increasing the DHA content from 43 to 65% of total fatty acids. However, the expression levels of PKS
Two enzymes in the methionine salvage pathway, 5-methylthioribose kinase (MTR kinase) and 5´-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTA/SAH nucleosidase) were purified from Klebsiellapneumoniae. Chromatography using a novel 5´-(p-aminophenyl)thioadenosine/5-(p-aminophenyl)thioribose affinity matrix allowed the binding and selective elution of each of the enzymes in pure form. The molecular mass, substrate kinetics and N-terminal amino acid sequences were characterized for each of the enzymes. Purified MTR kinase exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 46-50 kDa by SDS/PAGE and S200HR chromatography, and has a Km for MTR of 12.2 μM. Homogeneous MTA/SAH nucleosidase displays a molecular mass of 26.5 kDa by SDS/PAGE, and a Km for MTA of 8.7 μM. Comparisons of the N-terminal sequences obtained for each of the enzymes with protein-sequence databases failed to reveal any significant sequence similarities to known proteins. However, the amino acid sequence obtained for the ...
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM; OMIM 600737) is a unique group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by adult onset, slowly progressive distal and proximal weakness and a typical muscle pathology including rimmed vacuoles and filamentous inclusions. The autosomal recessive form described in Jews of Persian descent is the HIBM prototype. This myopathy affects mainly leg muscles, but with an unusual distribution that spares the quadriceps. This particular pattern of weakness distribution, termed quadriceps-sparing myopathy (QSM), was later found in Jews originating from other Middle Eastern countries as well as in non-Jews. We previously localized the gene causing HIBM in Middle Eastern Jews on chromosome 9p12-13 (ref. 5) within a genomic interval of about 700 kb (ref. 6). Haplotype analysis around the HIBM gene region of 104 affected people from 47 Middle Eastern families indicates one unique ancestral founder chromosome in this community. By contrast, single non-Jewish families from India,
Glycerol uptake and glycerol kinase activity were studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes in the presence of either 1 nM insulin, 1 nM glucagon, or 100 nM dexamethasone, alone or in combination in
In article ,Pine.SOL.3.96.970711115134.16570A-100000 at ascc.artsci.wustl.edu,, Alex Brands ,abbrands at artsci.wustl.edu, wrote: , I was planning to use kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker in , yeast, and I aquired a construct from another lab that has a kanamycin , resistance cassette. However, my negative control plates revealed that , the parent yeast (w303) was not sensitive to the kanamycin. After talking , to the other lab, I found out that they use something called Geneticin, , (that name is a registered trademark of GIBCO) which is about 20 times , more expensive than kanamycin. , , So, is my kanamycin simply expired, or are yeast not sensitive to , kanamycin? Am I stuck with Geneticin? , , , All help is appreciated very much! , , Alex Brands , Washington University Sorry, you're stuck with the Geneticin (also known as G418). Although the kanamycin resistance factor inactivates both kanamycin and G418, only the latter antibiotic is effective against eukaryotic cells. Steve ...
Deoxyribonucleoside kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of deoxyribonucleosides to the corresponding deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs). They are the key enzymes in the salvage of deoxyribonucleosides originating from extra‐ or intracellular breakdown of DNA. Subsequently, dNMPs are phosphorylated into diphosphates (dNDPs) and triphosphates (dNTPs), which are the precursors of DNA. Deoxyribonucleoside kinases play a key role in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer and viral diseases, as they catalyze the first, and often rate‐limiting step of nucleoside analog activation by phosphorylation (Arnér and Eriksson, 1995). Native and genetically engineered deoxyribonucleoside kinases from different organisms are also attractive candidates for use in cancer gene therapy as suicide enzymes (Christians et al., 1999; Kokoris et al., 1999; Knecht et al., 2000a; Zheng et al., 2000). The basic concept here is to transduce cancer or virus‐infected cells with a gene encoding a ...
Activation and aggregation of blood platelets is crucial for hemostasis and thrombosis. In the vascular system adenine nucleotides are important signaling molecules playing a key role in hemostasis. ADP was the first low molecular weight agent recognized to cause blood platelets activation and aggregation. NTPDases and adenylate kinase (AK) are the main enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular adenine nucleotides. The majority of studies concentrated on the role of NTPDase1 (apyrase) in the inhibition of platelets aggregation. Up to now, there are still insufficient data concerning the role of AK in this process. We found that adenylate kinase activity in the serum of patients with myocardial infarction is significantly increased when compared to the healthy volunteers. The elevated activity of AK is connected to appearance of another isoform of that enzyme, expressed in patients with myocardial infarction. The influence of AK on the pig blood platelets aggregation induced by 20 μM ADP or 7.5
Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 and 6. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAPKKKK4 or MAP4K4) and MAPKKKK6 (or MAP4K6) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The MAP4K4/MAP4K6 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Members of this subfamily contain an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal citron homology (CNH) regulatory domain. MAP4Ks (or MAPKKKKs) are involved in MAPK signaling pathways that are important in mediating cellular responses to extracellular signals by activating a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K or MKKK). Each MAPK cascade is activated ...
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is a lipid kinase with important roles including regulation of cell survival. We have previously shown reduced SphK1 activity in cells with an established dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) infection. In this study, we examined the effect of alterations in SphK1 activity on DENV-2 replication and cell death and determined the mechanisms of the reduction in SphK1 activity. Chemical inhibition or overexpression of SphK1 after established DENV-2 infection had no effect on infectious DENV-2 production, although inhibition of SphK1 resulted in enhanced DENV-2-induced cell death. Reduced SphK1 activity was observed in multiple cell types, regardless of the ability of DENV-2 infection to be cytopathic, and was mediated by a post-translational mechanism. Unlike bovine viral diarrhea virus, where SphK1 activity is decreased by the NS3 protein, SphK1 activity was not affected by DENV-2 NS3 but, instead, was reduced by expression of the terminal 396 bases of the 3′ UTR of DENV-2 RNA. We
The cassava was modified for resistance to Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) by introducing an RNA interference cassette that targets African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) replication associated disease AC1. The production of hairpin RNA by the host cells trigger an RNAi response that is expected to target viral transcripts and prevent viral replication and thus further infection. Due to conservation between AC1 sequences in ACMV and East african cassava mosaic virus, the modified cassava is expected to resistant to both viruses, which are the causal agents of CMD. A selectable marker, Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase, was additionally included for hygromycin selection during transformation ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Structural basis for the catalysis and substrate specificity of homoserine kinase. AU - Krishna, S. S.. AU - Zhou, T.. AU - Daugherty, M.. AU - Osterman, A.. AU - Zhang, H.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2001/9/11. Y1 - 2001/9/11. N2 - Homoserine kinase (HSK), the fourth enzyme in the aspartate pathway of amino acid biosynthesis, catalyzes me pnosphorylanon of L-homoserine (Hse) to L-homoserine phosphate, an intermediate in the production of L-threonine, L-isoleucine, and in higher plants, L-methionine. The high-resolution structures of Methanococcus jannaschii HSK ternary complexes with its amino acid substrate and ATP analogues have been determined by X-ray crystallography. These structures reveal the structural determinants of the tight and highly specific binding of Hse, which is coupled with local conformational changes that enforce the sequestration of the substrate. The δ-hydroxyl group of bound Hse is only 3.4 Å away from the ...
Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase from maize (Zea mays) can exist in either a reduced, active form or an oxidized, inactive form. Reduced ribulose-5-phosphate kinase is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated by the dichlorotriazine dye Reactive Red 1 (Procion Red MX-2B), but the irreversible inactivation of the oxidized form of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase occurs at only 0.05% of this rate. The rate of inactivation of the reduced enzyme by Reactive Red 1 (apparent bimolecular rate constant 10(4)M-1 X s-1 at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C) is several orders of magnitude greater than previous estimates of the rates of dye-mediated inactivation of other enzymes. The dye-dependent inactivation of the reduced enzyme is inhibited by Hg2+ or p-mercuribenzoate (thiol reagents that reversibly inhibit ribulose-5-phosphate kinase activity), or by ATP and ADP, the nucleotide substrates of the enzyme. Hydrolysed Reactive Red 1, which does not inactivate the enzyme, is a reversible inhibitor of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase. ...
Monoclonal antibody against kanamycin was ready, and competitive direct ELISA and immunochromatographic assay were developed using the antibody to detect kanamycin in animal plasma and milk. kanamycin residues in veterinary medicine. Screened positives can be confirmed using a more sensitive laboratory method such as competitive direct ELISA. Therefore, the assays developed in this study could be used to complement each other as well as other laboratory findings. Moreover, instead of slaughtering the animals to obtain test samples, these methods could be applied to determine kanamycin concentration in the plasma of live animals. spp., and spp. [16], and is known to perturb protein synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria by binding to the 30 S subunit of ribosomal RNA, which causes misreading of the genetic code and inhibits translation [6,15]. Kanamycin is a mixture of 3 isomers: kanamycin A, kanamycin B, and kanamycin C. Since the kanamycin components differ markedly in their toxicity, commercial ...
Citation: Malnoy, M., Boresjza-Wysocka, E., Norelli, J.L., Flaishman, M., Gidoni, D., Aldwinckle, H.S. 2010. Genetic transformation of apple (Malus x domestica) without use of a selectable marker gene. Tree Genetics and Genomes. 6:423-433. Interpretive Summary: Antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes are widely used as selectable markers to facilitate the efficient transformation of crop plants. Due to the negative public connotations associated with the use of selectable markers, a completely marker-free transformation technology would be desirable for the commercialization of genetically transformed plants. With this goal in mind, a technique was developed to genetically transform apple without the use of selectable marker genes. The technique takes advantage of the apple's capacity for high efficiency transformation and allows for the generation of marker-free transgenic plants without the need for repeated transformation or sexual crossing. When two different marker-gene free vectors ...