Background: Intakes of specific fatty acids have been postulated to impact breast cancer risk but epidemiological data based on dietary questionnaires remain conflicting. Materials and methods: We assessed the association between plasma phospholipid fatty acids and breast cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Sixty fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in pre-diagnostic plasma phospholipids from 2982 incident breast cancer cases matched to 2982 controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk of breast cancer by fatty acid level. The false discovery rate (q values) was computed to control for multiple comparisons. Subgroup analyses were carried out by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor expression in the tumours. Results: A high level of palmitoleic acid [odds ratio (OR) for the highest quartile compared with the lowest OR (Q4-Q1) 1.37; 95% confidence interval
TY - JOUR. T1 - Incorporation of exogenous docosahexaenoic acid into various bacterial phospholipids. AU - Watanabe, Kazuo. AU - Ishikawa, Chikako. AU - Inoue, Hitomi. AU - Cenhua, Deng. AU - Yazawa, Kazunaga. AU - Kondo, Kiyosi. PY - 1994/3. Y1 - 1994/3. N2 - Incorporation of exogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into bacterial phospholipids was examined as a method for DHA-linked phospholipid production. The cultivation of 23 bacterial strains in medium with DHA showed that an eicosapentaenoic acid-producing bacterium Shewanella sp. strain SCRC-2738 (strain SCRC-2738), Bacillus subtilis W23, B. cereus, an Antarctic marine bacterium strain S-7 (strain S-7), photosynthesis bacterium (PSB) Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus utilized for the production of larval marine fish, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli K12 all incorporated DHA into their polar lipids. The polar lipids of the strain SCRC-2738, strain S-7, PSB and E. coli K12 were identified to be ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids upon the phospholipid molecular species of the monkey retina. AU - Lin, D. S.. AU - Anderson, Gregory. AU - Connor, W. E.. AU - Neuringer, Martha. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Purpose. To characterize the molecular species composition of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EGP) in the primate retina and to examine the effects of different dietary fats, the authors fed rhesus monkeys diets containing widely ranging amounts of n-3 fatty acids. Methods. From birth, infant monkeys were fed either a control soybean oil diet, containing 8% of total fatty acids as 18:3(n-3), or a safflower oil-based n-3 fatty acid deficient diet containing AB - Purpose. To characterize the molecular species composition of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EGP) in the primate retina and to examine the effects of different dietary fats, the authors fed rhesus monkeys diets containing widely ranging amounts of n-3 fatty acids. Methods. From birth, infant monkeys were fed ...
Physiological pregnancy is associated with an increase in lipids from the first to the third trimester. This is a highly regulated response to satisfy energy and membrane demands of the developing fetus. Pregnancy disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, are associated with a dysregulation of lipid metabolism manifesting in increased maternal plasma lipid levels. In fetal placental tissue, only scarce information on the lipid profile is available, and data for gestational diseases are lacking. In the present study, we investigated the placental lipid content in control versus pre-eclamptic samples, with the focus on tissue phospholipid levels and composition. We found an increase in total phospholipid content as well as changes in individual phospholipid classes in pre-eclamptic placental tissues compared to controls. These alterations could be a source of placental pathological changes in pre-eclampsia, such as lipid peroxide insult or dysregulation of lipid transport across the syncytiotrophoblast.
Studies of dietary ω-3 fatty acid intake and prostate cancer risk are inconsistent; however, recent large prospective studies have found increased risk of prostate cancer among men with high blood concentrations of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ([LCω-3PUFA] 20:5ω3; 22:5ω3; 22:6ω3]. This case-cohort study examines associations between plasma phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk among participants in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial.. ...
Membrane bound phospholipids require a distinct fatty acid composition. This is achieved through the deacylation-reacylation cycle that involves the breakdown of the parent phospholipid to a fatty acid and its lysophospholipid derivative by a phospholipase A activity. Subsequently, phospholipids are resynthesized through the action of an acyltransferase that attaches acyl-Coenzyme A thioesters to the lysophospholipid. This cycle must be carefully regulated so that the correct fatty acid composition of the phospholipids are maintained, otherwise the normal functioning of the membrane and membrane bound enzymes could be jeopardized. Thyroid hormones have profound effects on the heart. Since it is established that thyroid hormones regulate many lipid metabolizing enzymes, it is possible that the deacylation-reacylation cycle of certain phospholipids may also be regulated by thyroid hormones. The effect of a thyroid condition on phospholipid fatty acid metabolism was examined in isolated rat hearts ...
Oil palm calyx is a solid waste in the oil palm industry which is yet to find economic usage. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of recovering phospholipids from the oil palm calyx. Preliminary functional property of calyx phospholipids was determined using emulsion stability. Results indicated that oil palm calyx had 14% total lipids when extracted with methanol and 62.3% of lipids were acetone insoluble lipids (phospholipids). Methanol extracted phospholipids showed that the highest concentration of total phospholipids (1971 mg/L) with phosphatidylcholine (PC) have been the predominant phospholipid. The calyx phospholipids stabilized oil in water emulsion at 2% concentration. The study serves as a foundation on the positive usage of oil palm calyx in producing industrial phospholipids. Key words: Oil palm, lecithin, phospholipids, waste, palm calyx oil.
1. The [32P]phosphate incorporated into the phospholipids of isolated rat hepatic cells is present in phosphatidic acid and to a smaller extent in phosphatidylinositol. 2. The ability to synthesize nitrogen-containing phospholipids is restored by adding a liver supernatant fraction, and it is suggested that the metabolic deficiency is caused by the leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes of the synthetase system from the cells. 3. Fortified cell preparations were pulse-labelled with [32P]phosphate, [Me-14C]choline, [2-14C]ethanolamine and [U-14C]inositol and the subsequent fate of the labelled microsomal and mitochondrial phospholipids followed. 4. A fall in the specific radioactivity of microsomal phospholipids and a rise in that of mitochondrial phospholipids is interpreted as providing evidence of a transfer of labelled phospholipid molecules from the synthetic site (endoplasmic reticulum) to the mitochondrial membranes in the intact cells. 5. The formation of the phospholipids of mitochondrial ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Phospholipid fatty acid composition, vitamin E content and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation of duck spermatozoa. AU - Surai, PF. AU - Brillard, JP. AU - Speake, BK. AU - Blesbois, E. AU - Seigeurin, F. AU - Sparks, NHC. N1 - 643019. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. KW - Acid. KW - Composition. KW - Content. KW - Fatty. KW - Fatty Acid. KW - Lipid. KW - Lipid Peroxidation. KW - Peroxidation. KW - Phospholipid. KW - Spermatozoa. KW - Susceptibility. KW - Vitamin. KW - Vitamin E. M3 - Article. VL - 53. SP - 1025. EP - 1039. JO - Theriogenology. JF - Theriogenology. SN - 0093-691X. ER - ...
This study was performed to determine the early and delayed metabolic effects of myocardial ischemia on the major membrane phospholipids and to reassess the potential role of lysophospholipids in the genesis of malignant dysrhythmias induced by ischemia. Samples taken from in situ hearts before ant at various intervals up to 40 minutes after abrupt ligation of LAD were extracted by the classical Folch technique with modifications to avoid artifactual lysophospholipid production and losses. Following thin layer chromatography of lipid extracts, phospholipid fractions were quantified by phosphorus estimation and lysophospholipids by a more sensitive method employing gas liquid chromatography. The total phospholipid content with the exception of lysophospholipids remained essentially constant throughout the early phases of acute ischemia, but fell by 6 and 14% after 8 and 24 ours, respectively. At 8 minutes, lysophospholipid levels n ischemic myocardium were significantly increased by 60% compared ...
In this review paper, the latest literature on the functional properties of phospholipids in relation to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders has been critically appraised and evaluated. The paper is divided into three sections: Section 1 presents an overview of the relationship between structures and biological activities (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory) of several phospholipids with respect to inflammation. Sections 2 and 3 are dedicated to the structures, functions, compositions and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary phospholipids from animal and marine sources. Most of the dietary phospholipids of animal origin come from meat, egg and dairy products. To date, there is very limited work published on meat phospholipids, undoubtedly due to the negative perception that meat consumption is an unhealthy option because of its putative associations with several chronic diseases. These assumptions are addressed with respect to the phospholipid composition of meat products. ...
How deep can drugs penetrate into your skin?. We presented our new skin penetration study with saturated phospholipids at the 11th PBP world meeting, on 22 March, 2018 in Granada.. The Phospholipid Research Center and Lipoid GmbH tracked topically applied phospholipids among other skin lipids - with the help of Lipotype lipidomics.. Many dermatological products contain phospholipids whose properties change with their saturation. Saturated lipids are gel-like at body temperature, while unsaturated lipids are more liquid. This influences drug delivery and interactions with skin.. Download poster (PDF) ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dietary manipulation of macrophage phospholipid classes. T2 - Selective increase of dihomogammalinolenic acid. AU - Chapkin, Robert S.. AU - Somers, Scott D.. AU - Erickson, Kent L. PY - 1988/8. Y1 - 1988/8. N2 - Because alterations in the dietary content of fatty acids are an important method for modulating macrophage eicosanoid production, we have quantitated the levels of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in peritoneal macrophage individual phospholipids from mice fed diets (3 wk) with either safflower oil (SAF), predominantly containing 18:2n-6, borage (BOR) containing 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, fish (MFO) containing 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and borage/fish mixture (MIX) containing 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Dietary n-3 fattya cids were readily incorporated into macrophage phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The increase in n-3 fatty acid levels was accompanied by a decrease in the absolute ...
SUMMARY: The metabolism of phospholipids in Vibrio costicola, a moderately halophilic bacterium, has been investigated in relation to sudden changes in salinity. Both the absqlute and relative rates of biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine depend on the salt concentration of the medium; a sudden rise in salt concentration ha? an instantaneous inhibitory effect on phospholipid biosynthesis, but this inhibition lessens as, the bacteria adapt to the higher salinity. There is no turnover of phospholipids during isotonic growth, nor when the salt concentration is suddenly altered. The alterations in biosynthetic rates of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine that occur after sudden changes in salt concentration are consistent with the known compositional changes. We conclude that the mechanisms of changes in phospholipid composition during adaptation to raised or lowered salt concentrations are not necessarily the same.
The FA composition of skeletal muscle phospholipids is altered in both humans (2, 3, 27) and rats (24, 32, 44) after chronic (≥4 wk) exercise training. Here we provide novel data describing the effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle phospholipid molecular species profile using ESI-MS. This investigation characterized relative changes in the phospholipid profile of both oxidative (RVL) and glycolytic (WVL) muscle fibers with low and high-intensity exercise training. We have also characterized, for the first time, differences in the profile of phospholipid molecular species between these two muscle fiber types.. Previous studies have reported that long-chain n-3 PUFAs are higher in the insulin-sensitive type I and type IIa fibers (32) and that type I fibers have a preference for stearic acid (18:0) over palmitic acid (16:0) (7, 17). The results of the present study reveal that these differences are also manifest in whole phospholipid PA and PE species (Table 3). Even though the ...
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Synaptic dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimers disease and may be countered by increased intake of nutrients that target brain phospholipid metabolism. In this study, we explored whether the medical food Souvenaid affects brain phospholipid metabolism in patients with Alzheimers disease. Thirty-four drug-naive patients with mild Alzheimers disease (Mini Mental State Examination score ≥20) were enrolled in this exploratory, double-blind, randomized controlled study. Before and after 4-week intervention with Souvenaid or an isocaloric control product, phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed to assess surrogate measures of phospholipid synthesis and breakdown (phosphomonoesters [PME] and phosphodiesters [PDEs]), neural integrity (N-acetyl aspartate), gliosis (myo-inositol), and choline metabolism (choline-containing compounds [tCho]). The main outcome parameters were PME and PDE signal intensities and the PME/PDE ratio. MRS data from 33
The last several years have been witness to significant developments in understanding transcriptional regulation of the yeast phospholipid structural genes. The response of most phospholipid structural genes to inositol is now understood on a mechanistic level. The roles of specific activators and repressors are also well established. The knowledge of specific regulatory factors that bind the promoters of phospholipid structural genes serves as a foundation for understanding the role of chromatin modification complexes. Collectively, these findings present a complex picture for transcriptional regulation of the phospholipid biosynthetic genes. The INO1 gene is an ideal example of the complexity of transcriptional control and continues to serve as a model for studying transcription in general. Furthermore, transcription of the regulatory genes is also subject to complex and essential regulation. In addition, databases resulting from a plethora of genome-wide studies have identified regulatory ...
In in vitro binding assays, D6PK could bind to polyacidic PIs and PtdOH in a K-rich motif-dependent manner. In vivo manipulation of PI or PtdOH metabolism led to the intracellular accumulation of YFP:D6PK and impaired its polar plasma membrane distribution but only manipulation of PtdIns4P synthesis affected YFP:D6PK solubility. At the same time, K-rich motif mutations in D6PK led to increased solubilization of the protein. This suggests that the intact K-rich domain is required for interactions with polyacidic phospholipids in different membranes and that the specific phospholipid composition in a given membrane might determine D6PK recruitment to different membranes. The D6PK interaction with multiple polyacidic phospholipids through ionic interactions resembles previously reported mechanisms for protein-phospholipid ionic interactions and is distinct from interactions mediated between phospholipids and globular protein domains (Hammond and Balla, 2015; Li et al., 2014).. PtdOH biosensors have ...
Several groups of mature male rats were maintained for 4 months on fat-free, hydrogenated coconut oil- or safflower oil-containing diets with or without 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). Gross examination of liver sections revealed no evidence of tumors in any of the groups. The liver microsomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation, the phospholipids extracted and separated into classes by silicic acid and aluminum oxide chromatography, and the fatty acid composition of each class determined by gas-liquid chromatography.. The various experimental diets produced marked differences in the fatty acid compositions of all the microsomal phospholipid classes. DAB administration resulted in no change in the total phospholipid content or proportion of any of the phospholipid classes in the microsomes, but in rats on the fat-free diet did produce an increased percentage of oleic acid and decreased stearic acid in the choline-containing phospholipids, particularly in the lecithins. A similar pattern was ...
A modified RP-HPLC-MS approach has been proposed for a single run separation and identification of the molecular species of different phospholipid classes in a complex extract. This approach has been applied to the analysis of glycero- and sphingolipid composition of human erythrocytes and a number of ceramide fractions have been identified; these fractions was missed in previous studies employing similar methods. The fine experimental design leads to the decrease in the number of procedures needed for a complete phospholipid profiling of the sample ...
MCLIP : The plasma membranes of mammalian cells are formed from phospholipids. Anionic phospholipids (eg, phosphatidylserine) are found on the cytoplasmic surface and neutral phospholipids (eg, phosphatidylcholine) predominate on the external surface. Membrane phospholipids participate in several important cellular functions including exchanging metabolites across membranes, transferring molecular signals and serving as a platform for the assembly of protein-lipid complexes.(1) Cellular activation is often accompanied by the translocation of anionic phospholipids to the external membrane surface. For example, during platelet-mediated blood coagulation, phosphatidylserine is translocated from the inner platelet membrane and provides a surface for the assembly of the prothrombinase enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of thrombin.   Complexes of negatively charged (anionic) phospholipids and endogenous plasma proteins provide epitopes recognized by natural autoantibodies.(2) Plasma from
Dietary fatty acids (FA) are the major determinants of blood lipids, and measurements of plasma phospholipid FA (PL-FA) composition that reflect the dietary intake of FA may provide insights into the relationships between diet and CHD. We assessed CHD mortality associations with PL-FA (SFA, PUFA and MUFA) levels measured in a nested case-control study of 116 cases of CHD death and 239 controls that were frequency-matched for age and employment grade. The participants had plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol, apo B and apo A1, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen recorded. SFA levels were significantly positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo B, CRP protein and fibrinogen. By contrast, phospholipid-PUFA were inversely associated with CRP, but not with any of the lipids. A higher SFA content (top v. bottom quarter) was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of CHD (OR and 95 % CI: OR 2.12; 95 % CI: 1.13, 3.99), and an equivalent difference in PUFA
This two day event was organized for the third time by the Phospholipid Research Center Heidelberg. The symposium was held at the University of Heidelberg (facilities provided by Prof. Gert Fricker) and visited by 170 scientists from academia, pharmaceutical industry, authorities etc. from all over the world. Sixty posters and sixteen lectures were presented. This year event started with lectures on the physico-chemical properties of phospholipids, followed by a systemic review of the administration route specific use of phospholipid. The second day of the event was devoted to the latest advances in application of phospholipids, followed by a session on the future use of phospholipids comprising oral presentations of selected posters, and a lecture on the appreciation of liposomes as nanotechnology. The symposium was concluded with an award ceremony of the three best posters.. Keywords: Phospholipids, Excipients, Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology. The symposium was opened on September 16, 2013 by ...
The effects of low concentrations of cholesterol in mixtures of a negatively charged phospholipid (phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylglycerol) and another phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin or phosphatidylethanolamine) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Only mixtures which showed a gel phase miscibility gap have been employed. It was demonstrated that in mixtures with ... read more phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol was preferentially associated with the negatively charged phospholipid, regardless whether this species represented the component with the high or with the low transition temperature in the mixture. In mixtures of a negatively charged phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol associated with the negatively charged phospholipid; when the phosphatidylcholine was the species with the low transition temperature, cholesterol had an affinity for the phosphatidylcholine and for the negatively charged phospholipid as well. Cholesterol, in a ...
Analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to assess variation in community structure and total microbial biomass in two boreal peatlands in Sweden, The total PLFA concentration in peat ranged from 0.16 to 7.0 nmol g of wet peat(-1) L (median. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Acid-soluble precursors and derivatives of phospholipids increase after stimulation of quiescent swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts with serum. AU - Warden, Craig H. AU - Friedkin, M.. AU - Geiger, P. J.. PY - 1980/5/30. Y1 - 1980/5/30. N2 - Automated phosphate analysis of acid-soluble pools of phosphate esters was employed to reveal possible biochemical changes during the transition of Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts from quiescence to active replication of DNA. After 12 hours of stimulation with 10% fetal bovine serum the most notable were 3-fold increases in pools of phospholipid precursors and derivatives. These included glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine. Concurrent but less dramatic increases in pools of ATP, CTP and fructose 1,6-diphosphate were also obtained.. AB - Automated phosphate analysis of acid-soluble pools of phosphate esters was employed to reveal possible biochemical changes during the transition of Swiss 3T3 mouse ...
The current studies demonstrate that in both ECs and macrophages, ox-PAPC inhibits the ability of bacterial lipids that target TLR4 and TLR2 to increase synthesis of chemokines. Furthermore, we identify KOdiA-PC and POVPC as the major, specific phospholipids in ox-PAPC responsible for this inhibition.. Our studies addressed the mechanism of this inhibition and concluded that the inhibition of LPS action by ox-PAPC in these cell types was mediated by effects at the cellular level. This conclusion was based on the observation that pretreatment of cells with ox-PAPC followed by exposure to LPS was as effective as cotreatment to inhibit LPS action (Figure 3). To determine the cellular target of ox-PAPC inhibition, we first examined the effect of ox-PAPC on intracellular signaling from MyD88 to NF-κB activation. Our results indicate that ox-PAPC does not inhibit the pathway from MyD88 to NF-κB activation (Figures 2B and 2C), because no effect on IL-1β action, which shares this pathway, was ...
The effect of low-salt diet on phospholipid composition and remodeling was examined in rat colon which represents a mineralocorticoid target tissue. To elucidate this question, male Wistar rats were fed a low-salt diet and drank distilled water (LS, low-salt group) or saline instead of water (HS, high-salt group) for 12 days before the phospholipid concentration and fatty acid composition of isolated colonocytes were examined. The dietary regimens significantly influenced the plasma concentration of aldosterone which was high in LS group and almost zero in HS group. Plasma concentration of corticosterone was unchanged. When expressed in terms of cellular protein content, a significantly higher concentration of phospholipids was found in LS group, with the exception of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) accounted for more than 70% of total phospholipids in both groups. A comparison of phospholipid distribution in LS and HS ...
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In yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), the expression of genes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis is regulated by a mechanism that responds Phospholipids are major constituents of the membranes that separate cells from their environment and compartmentalize eukaryotic cells into functional units. This pathway is carried out in different ways in animals than in many other organisms, making the pathway a common target for antibiotics and other anti-infective drugs. Biosynthesis of Fatty acid. Outreach. endstream In human joints phospholipids (PLs) are produced and released by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The synthesis pathway starts by reducing dihydroxyacetone phosphate Phospholipids are secreted into the bile to aid in the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. The substrates for lipid mediator biosynthesis are derived primarily from membrane phospholipids and reflect dietary fatty acid intake. notes to the book perfect health diet perfect health diet. ), 2.5% pro- tein fraction and ...
The influence of N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the NO-synthase way of NO generation and phospholipids composition of erythrocyte membranes of rats with streptozotocine-induced diabetes has been studied. It has been shown that the activation of iNOS activity, cNOS activity inhibition and increase of the stable NO metabolites content takes place in the red blood cells (RBC) of diabetic rats. The alterations were also found in the RBC membrane phospholipid content: a decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomieline content and increase of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine lysoforms level. The NSE suspension administration (50 mg/kg of body weight) to diabetic rats (3 months after the diabetes induction) resulted in iNOS activity inhibition, recove-ring of cNOS activity and normalization of NO stable metabolites level in RBC. The decrease of phospholipids lysoform levels, normalization of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine ...
Phospholipids are one of the major structural elements of biological membranes. Due to their amphiphilic character, they can adopt various molecular assemblies when dispersed in water, such as bilayer vesicles or micelles, which give them unique interfacial properties and render them very attractive in terms of foam or emulsion stabilization. This article aims at reviewing the properties of phospholipids at the air/water and oil/water interfaces, as well as the recent advances in using these natural components as stabilizers, alone or in combination with other compounds such as proteins. A discussion regarding the challenges and opportunities offered by phospholipids-stabilized structure concludes the review.
In most eukaryotes, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glycerophospholipids are the main membrane lipid constituents. Besides serving as general membrane building blocks, glycerophospholipids play an important role in determining the physical properties of the membrane, which are crucial for proper membrane function. To ensure optimal physical properties, membrane glycerophospholipid composition and synthesis ... read more are tightly regulated. This review will summarize our current knowledge of factors and processes determining the membrane glycerophospholipid composition of the reference eukaryote S. cerevisiae at the level of molecular species. Extrapolating from relevant model membrane data, we also discuss how modulation of the molecular species composition can regulate membrane physical properties. show less ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Biostability and biocompatibility of a surface-grafted phospholipid monolayer on a solid substrate. AU - Kim, Kwangmeyung. AU - Kim, Chulhee. AU - Byun, Youngro. PY - 2004/1. Y1 - 2004/1. N2 - We have previously demonstrated phosphorylcholine monolayer chemically grafted onto a methacryloyl-terminated solid substrate by in situ polymerization. The in situ polymerization was carried out at the interface between a pre-assembled acrylated phospholipid monolayer produced by vesicle fusion and a methacryloyl-terminated substrate using a water-soluble initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPD). Herein, we examined the biostability and biocompatibility of a surface-grafted phospholipid monolayer (poly-PC) on a methacryloyl-terminated substrate using a wash off test, in vitro protein adsorption and in vivo cage implantation for time intervals of 4, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. In order to compare the biostability and biocompatibility of phospholipid ...
These amphiphilic lipids insert in cell membranes and form into a sheet two molecules thick with the fat-soluble portions inside, shielded on both sides by the water-soluble portions. Chem. Lipogenesis is the process of synthesizing these fats. Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Sc. A phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule which means it has both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic component. Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the cytosolic side of ER membrane that is studded with proteins that act in synthesis (GPAT and LPAAT acyl transferases, phosphatase and choline phosphotransferase) and allocation (flippase and floppase). A single phospholipid molecule has a phosphate group on one end, called the head, and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that make up the lipid tails. Synthesis of phospholipids in M. buryatense 5G(B1) appears to follow the E. coli paradigm where a phosphatidic acid precursor is synthesized from glycerol 3-phosphate and FA precursors (Yao and Rock, 2012). This stable ...
Reported by: Dr. Venkat S. Karra, Ph.D. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition caused by a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels that supply the heart, causing the affected person to experience pain, usually on exertion (angina). A complete occlusion of the vessel by deposits causes a heart attack…
Previous studies have shown that amine groups are ototoxic. The interaction between different polyamines and phospholipid vesicles was studied using vesicle aggregation and fluorescence techniques (DPH and ANS as the fluorescence probes). The results showed that the interaction between polyamines (spermine, spermidine and 1,3-diaminopropane) and acidic phospholipids (PS, PE, PI and PIP2) is an ionic one. The polyamine with the highest positive charges and the phospholipid with the highest content of negative groups showed the strongest ionic interaction. There was no indication of any hydrophobic interaction within the phospholipid bilayer. The strong interaction between amine groups and PIP2 support the proposal that the latter is crucially involved in aminoglycoside toxicity in the inner ear and kidney.
Inquiry For [email protected] http://www.marketnreports.com/inquiry-for-buying.html?repid=27798. About Phospholipids Industry. The overviews, SWOT analysis and strategies of each vendor in the Phospholipids market provide understanding about the market forces and how those can be exploited to create future opportunities. The Phospholipids market comprises series of reputed vendors, organizations, manufacturer, and firms. The global market report gives a scrupulous summary of the common competitors who hold major places in terms of demand, revenue, and sales through their post-sale procedures, reliable services, and products. The Phospholipids market report provides a systematic examination of the primary boosters that are identified based on restraining elements, end user demands, regulatory compliance, and variable market changes.. The Phospholipids market report also offers thorough predictions based on current business fashions and analytical techniques. The segments (Phosphatidylserine, ...
The lactose carrier was extracted from membranes of Escherichia coliand transport activity reconstituted in proteoliposomes containing different phospholipids. Two different assays f for carrier...
Phospholipids are lipid molecules which have a phosphate group attached. They are highly abundant in cell membranes, where they form a lipid bilayer, due to the amphiphatic nature of their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails[1]. The majority of atoms in the hydrophobic tails are nonpolar and have no charge, this is what makes them insoluble when dissolved in water. However, the hydrophilic heads are soluble in water due to the presence of either charged groups which are electrostatically attracted to the water molecules, or polar groups which enable hydrogen bonds to be form between the heads and the water molecules[2]. The most common constituent of any lipid bilayer making up a cell membrane is the phospholipid. Phospholipids are amphiphilic. They have a polar head and two hydrocarbon tails, which are nonpolar. The phospholipids that make up the cell membranes of plants, bacterial or animal cells often have fatty acids tails. Of these two fatty acid tails one is unsaturated (contains ...
The most common constituent of any lipid bilayer making up a cell membrane is the phospholipid. Phospholipids are amphiphilic. They have a polar head and two hydrocarbon tails, which are nonpolar. The phosopholipids that make up the cell membranes of plant, bacterial or animal cells often have fatty acids tails. Of these two fatty acid tails one is unsaturated (contains double bonds) and the other is saturated. This difference causes variation in the length of the tails and thus alters the fluidity of the membrane [3]. The chemical make up of the tails can differ. This means that there are many different phospholipids that can make up a cell membrane. The main type found in mammalian cells are phosphoglycerides such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. These differ in the fact that they have choline, serine and ethanolamine (respectively) attatched to their phosphate groups. phosphatidylserine is the only one that carries a negative chage and all the other ...
Archaea have idiosyncratic cell membranes usually based on phospholipids containing glycerol-1-phosphate linked by ether bonds to isoprenoid lateral chains. Since these phospholipids strongly differ from those of bacteria and eukaryotes, the origin of the archaeal membranes (and by extension, of all cellular membranes) was enigmatic and called for accurate evolutionary studies. In this paper we review some recent phylogenomic studies that have revealed a modified mevalonate pathway for the synthesis of isoprenoid precursors in archaea and suggested that this domain uses an atypical pathway of synthesis of fatty acids devoid of any acyl carrier protein, which is essential for this activity in bacteria and eukaryotes. In addition, we show new or updated phylogenetic analyses of enzymes likely responsible for the isoprenoid chain synthesis from their precursors and the phospholipid synthesis from glycerol phosphate, isoprenoids, and polar head groups. These results support that most of these enzymes can be
Phospholipids constitute a catalytic surface for the enzymatic activation of coagulation factors. Lupus circulating anticoagulants are heterogeneous autoantibodies of the IgG and IgM type directly directed against a variety of anionic phospholipids such as cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol or against proteins having the capacity to bind to phospholipids such as β2-glycoprotein I (β2 -GPI ...
JOSÉ F. W. SPRÍCIGO, UNB; MATEUS N. DIÓGENES, UNB; LIGIANE O. LEME, UNB; ANA L. GUIMARÃES, UNB; CAROLLE V. MUTERLLE, UNB; BIANCA DAMIANI MARQUES SILVA, CENARGEN; DAVID SOLÀ-ORIOL, UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA, SPAIN; IVO PIVATO, UNB; LUCIANO PAULINO DA SILVA, CENARGEN; MARGOT ALVES NUNES DODE, CENARGEN ...
Pfannkuche, Olaf; Boetius, Antje; Lundgreen, Ulrich; Lochte, Karin; Thiel, Hjalmar (1999): Phospholipids at multicorer station M21/1_MC391. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.128876, In supplement to: Pfannkuche, O et al. (1999): Responses of deep-sea benthos to sedimentation patterns in the North-East Atlantic in 1992. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46(4), 573-596, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00081-8
Phospholipid Definition. A phospholipid is a type of lipid molecule that is the main component of the cell membrane.Lipids are molecules that include fats, waxes, and some vitamins, among others. Each phospholipid is made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule. When many phospholipids line up, they form a double layer that is characteristic of all cell membranes ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The fatty acid compostition of brain phospholipids from chicken and duck embryos. AU - Maldjian, A. AU - Cristofori, C. AU - Noble, RC. AU - Speake, BK. PY - 1996. Y1 - 1996. KW - Brain. KW - Chickens. KW - Embryo. KW - Fatty acid composition. KW - Phospholipid. M3 - Article. VL - 115B. SP - 153. EP - 158. JO - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. SN - 0010-406X. ER - ...
Serum cholesterol (free, esters and total) and serum phospholipids were determined in 97 men who had experienced coronary heart disease prior to the age of 40, 146 healthy nonhospitalized men of comparable age and a group of 97 men who were matched to the coronary disease group. The mean values for serum cholesterol (total) were 286 mg. per 100 cc., 224 mg. per 100 cc., and 247 mg. per 100 cc. for the coronary disease group, control group and matched control group, respectively. The serum phospholipids were highest in the coronary disease group. It is demonstrated that the interrelationships of the lipids in coronary heart disease are more important than any one of the constituents taken by itself. The theoretic implications of the total cholesterol: phospholipids ratio are considered.. ...