Intracellular pH regulates metabolism by poorly understood mechanisms, but biosensors are likely to be important in this process. Young et al. took a systems biology approach in yeast to identify in excess of 200 genes that regulate phospholipid metabolism. They found that the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid appeared to act as a cytosolic biosensor via the pH-dependent binding of protein effectors to phosphatidic acid. This pH-dependent mechanism directly affects gene expression and is involved in a pathway in which nutrient availability regulates phospholipid metabolism to control production of membranes.. B. P. Young, J. J. H. Shin, R. Orij, J. T. Chao, S. C. Li, X. L. Guan, A. Khong, E. Jan, M. R. Wenk, W. A. Prinz, G. J. Smits, C. J. R. Loewen, Phosphatidic acid is a pH biosensor that links membrane biogenesis to metabolism. Science 329, 1085-1088 (2010). [Abstract] [Full Text]. ...
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A plant phospholipase D (PLDα1) is activated by salt stress, and the produced lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) binds to a microtubule-associated protein MAP65-1. The PA and MAP65-1 interaction is essential for the regulation of microtubule organization and salt tolerance. This finding couples lipid signaling to the cytoskeleton and reveals a lipid-mediated signaling pathway that responds to stress. ...
a unique N-terminal hydrophobic extension that lies on the cytosolic membrane surface of the lysosome, where it interacts with the lysosomal signaling lipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol(3,5)bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] ...
Based on the numerous studies cited and their evidences, the present study comes with the idea of combining both leucine and phosphatidic acid exogeno..
Research Report on United States Phosphatidic Acid Market Report 2017. The Report includes market price, demand, trends, size, Share, Growth, Forecast, Analysis & Overview.
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Fang Yu, Fangyuan He, Hongyan Yao, Chengyuan Wang, Jianchuan Wang, Jianxu Li, Xiaofeng Qi, Hongwei Xue, Jianping Ding, Peng Zhang].
18.03.2020 The document aims to raise growers and advisers awareness of situations where PA can help improve profits, how to navigate those options and how to make a…. Region: South ...
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摘要 旨在探究牦牛肾的组织学特征及增龄性变化。选取新生(1~7日龄)、成年(3~6岁)及老年(7~10岁)牦牛肾为研究对象,各5头份,采用组织学方法对不同年龄牦牛肾的组织结构进行观察,通过图像分析软件分析并测量肾单位的相关数据。组织学观察显示牦牛肾包含表面的被膜和内部的实质。肾小体由肾小球和肾小囊构成,肾小囊壁层富含胶原纤维,肾小体基膜呈PAS阳性;肾小管包括近端小管和远端小管,其小管外围富含胶原纤维,上皮基膜呈PAS阳性。测量结果表明,单位视野(2.3×106 μm2)内肾小球数随年龄增长而减少;肾小球内细胞数和肾小球细胞核大小随年龄增长而增加;不同的是,肾小球和肾小体的最大切面面积,成年达峰值,老年次之,新生最低。另外,随年龄增长,单位视野(2.3×104 ...
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) has an inhibitory effect on the autotaxin (ATX)/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) axis, which has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of this study is to assess the antifibrotic activity of cPA for the treatment of SSc using SSc skin fibroblasts and an animal model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. We used a chemically stable derivative of cPA (2ccPA). First, we investigated the effect of 2ccPA on extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in skin fibroblasts. Next, the effect of 2ccPA on the intracellular cAMP levels was determined to investigate the mechanisms of the antifibrotic activity of 2ccPA. Finally, we administered 2ccPA to bleomycin-induced SSc model mice to evaluate whether 2ccPA prevented the progression of skin fibrosis. 2ccPA decreased ECM expression in SSc skin fibroblasts and TGF-β1-treated healthy skin fibroblasts without LPA stimulation. 2ccPA increased the intracellular cAMP levels in
L-β,γ-DIPALMITOYL-α-PHOSPHATIDIC ACID DISODIUM SALT 71065-87-7 NMR spectrum, L-β,γ-DIPALMITOYL-α-PHOSPHATIDIC ACID DISODIUM SALT H-NMR spectral analysis, L-β,γ-DIPALMITOYL-α-PHOSPHATIDIC ACID DISODIUM SALT C-NMR spectral analysis ect.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid. AU - Delon, Christine. AU - Manifava, Maria. AU - Wood, Eleanor. AU - Thompson, Dawn. AU - Krugmann, Sonja. AU - Pyne, Susan. AU - Ktistakis, Nicholas T. PY - 2004/10/22. Y1 - 2004/10/22. N2 - Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) phosphorylates sphingosine to generate sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Because both substrate and product of the enzyme are potentially important signaling molecules, the regulation of SK1 is of considerable interest. We report that SK1, which is ordinarily a cytosolic enzyme, translocates in vivo and in vitro to membrane compartments enriched in phosphatidic acid (PA), the lipid product of phospholipase D. This translocation depends on direct interaction of SK1 with PA, because recombinant purified enzyme shows strong affinity for pure PA coupled to Affi-Gel. The SK1-PA interaction maps to the C terminus of SK1 and is independent of catalytic activity or of the diacylglycerol kinase-like ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
Phosphatidic acid influences the gating of voltage-gated K+ channels through a non-specific surface charge mechanism and through a specific interaction between a voltage sensor arginine and the primary phosphate head group on the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet.
Phospholipases D (PLD) hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and choline. The potent signaling functions attributed to PtdOH, when coupled with the regulation of PLD activity by phosphoinositides, small GTPases and protein kinases, identifies these enzymes as potentially central integrators of phospholipid metabolism and signaling. Yet, the biological activities of these enzymes have been frustratingly difficult to discern- particularly in mammalian cells.. Research into this problem will be on display in the Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid Signaling session. H. Alex Brown (Vanderbilt University School of Medicine) will describe the characterization of recently developed small molecule inhibitors of mammalian PLDs, the cellular effects associated with acute PLD inactivation and new mass spectrometry-based techniques for molecular tracking of PtdOH.. The presentations by Aaron Neiman (Stony Brook University) and Christopher J. R. Loewen (University of British ...
Studies carried out in many laboratories have demonstrated the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) by a variety of receptor agonists and in many cell types. The signal-dependent formation of phosphatidic acid (PA), by PLD-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), may represent a novel and ubiquitous signal transduction pathway in mammalian cells. The mode(s) of coupling between agonist receptors and PLD activation are not well understood. Studies utilizing NIH-3T3 fibroblasts indicated that PLD activation by different mitogens involves distinct mechanisms. Protein kinase C (PKC) seems to play a role both as a mediator and as a modulator of PLD activation. The role of PKC was further examined in Swiss/3T3-derived fibroblasts which stably overexpress PKC-alpha. In these cells, both basal and agonist-stimulated PLD activity are higher than in control cells. In vitro analysis of PLD activity in detergent-solubilized cell membranes, utilizing exogenous C6-NBD-PC as fluorescent substrate, ...
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 (PAP2) was originally identified as a plasma membrane enzyme that catalyses the dephosphorylation of the putative…
PPAPDC3 overexpression lysate, 0.1 mg. Transient overexpression lysate of phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 3 (PPAPDC3)
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It has been established earlier that lipids (phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol, cardiolipin) being subjected to radiolysis undergo fragment..
In vitro, the TRIAP1:PRELID3A complex mediates the transfer of phosphatidic acid (PA) between liposomes and probably functions as a PA transporter across the mitochondrion intermembrane space. Phosphatidic acid import is required for cardiolipin (CL) synthesis in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
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Diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bioactive lipids synthesized when the T cell receptor binds to a cognate peptide-MHC complex. DAG triggers s
Thus, it is important to Allow your ophthalmologist find out about floating places. If you ever establish a sudden onset of floaters, in case you at any time Have got a dramatic rise in the quantity of floaters the thing is, or if you ever see flashes of light, Get in touch with YOUR OPHTHALMOLOGIST Quickly! A retinal gap or detachment is treatable if caught early, but disastrous Otherwise handled ...
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Binding Sites, Cell, Cells, Diacylglycerol Kinase, Downregulation, Gene, Gene Expression, Il-2, Interleukin, Interleukin-2, Kinase, Luciferase, Mouse, Phosphatidic Acid, Phosphorylation, Proteins, Regulation, Regulatory Region, Role, T Cells
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Cytotoxicity of the glycolipid region of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid for cultures of human heart cells. AU - Simpson, W. Andrew. AU - Dale, James. AU - Beachey, Edwin H.. PY - 1982/1/1. Y1 - 1982/1/1. N2 - The ability of LTA of Streptococcus pyogenes to stimulate cell division or to kill tissue culture cells derived from human heart was investigated. Initial studies indicated that at low concentrations, ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 μg/ml, LTA stimulated cell division, whereas at higher concentrations, ranging from 10 to 1000 μg/ml, it killed the cells. Deacylated lipoteichoic acid, which lacked cell membrane binding activity, similarly stimulated or killed the heart cells depending on the concentration added to the tissue cultures. Fractionation of LTA after mild ammonia hydrolysis yielded a polyglycerophosphate and polar lipid fraction, both of which retained the glucose from the glycolipid moiety of the LTA molecule, and a neutral lipid fraction that was devoid of phosphorus ...
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond of the predominant membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine producing phosphatidic acid and free choline. This activity can participate in signal transduction pathways and impact on vesicle trafficking for secretion and endocytosis, as well as receptor signalling. Phospholipids can regulate PLD activity directly, through specific intermolecular interactions, or indirectly, through their effect on the localization or activity of PLDs protein effectors. This short review highlights these various phospholipid inputs into the regulation of PLD activity and also reviews potential roles for PLD-generated phosphatidic acid, particularly a mechanism by which the phospholipid may participate in the process of vesicular trafficking.
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Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK, EC 2.7.1.107) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). DGK belongs to a well-conserved family of proteins found in diverse species, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, mammals, plants, and bacteria (Merida et al. Biochem J 409:1-18, 2008). In eukaryotes, DGK can be activated in response to various stimuli, and its product PA is emerging as a novel lipid second messenger (Munnik, Trends Plant Sci 6:227-233, 2001; Testerink and Munnik, Trends Plant Sci 10:368-375, 2005). Despite similarities to the mammalian system, plant DGKs display several distinctive features ...
Bovine adrenal medullary slices were incubated at 30° in Lockes solution containing orthophosphate-32P or glycerol-1-14C. 32P was incorporated into all individual phospholipids, but at different rates. The highest specific activity observed was in phosphatidylinositol, followed by phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylcholine (lysolecithin), sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylethanolamine.. Acetylcholine (10-5 M)in the presence of eserine (10-5 M) produced a 3-fold increase in catecholamine release and stimulated the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidic acid (3.4-fold), phosphatidylinositol (2.7-fold), and phosphatidylcholine (1.4-fold).. The uptake of orthophosphate-32P into the chromaffin tissue, as well as the specific activities and tissue levels of orthophosphate and nucleotides, were not modified upon acetylcholine stimulation.. Glycerol-1-14C was incorporated into all the individual phospholipids, but, in contrast to 32P incorporation, acetylcholine ...
Phosphatidic acid (PA) has been reported to activate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and is thought to enhance the anabolic effects of resistance training. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine if oral phosphatidic acid administration can enhance strength and muscle thickness during an 8-week resistance training program. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012, 9:47 doi:10.1186/1550-2783-9-47. ...
FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the lipin family of proteins, and all family members share strong homology in their C-terminal region. This protein is thought to form hetero-oligomers with other lipin family members, while one family member, lipin 1, can also form homo-oligomers. This protein contains conserved motifs for phosphatidate phosphatase 1 (PAP1) activity as well as a domain that interacts with a transcriptional co-activator. Lipin complexes act in the cytoplasm to catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to produce diacylglycerol, which is the precursor of both triglycerides and phospholipids. Lipin complexes are also thought to regulate gene expression as transcriptional co-activators in the nucleus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014 ...
Description: Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is formed primarily in the liver by transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D. PEth is associated with lipoprotein particles VLDL and HDL, transferred between lipoproteins, and PEth-lipoprotein complexes may have a protective effect against atherogenesis by promoting VEGF secretion by SMC and endothelium. Most PEth (about 75%) is incorporated into erythrocyte membranes, and is the longest-lived circulating EtOH metabolite yet identified. NBD-PEth is a novel flourescent phospholipid analog of this intriguing and rare lipid found in nature ...
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Diacylglycerol Kinase: An enzyme of the transferase class that uses ATP to catalyze the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to a phosphatidate. EC 2.7.1.107.
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Pillai, Anoop Narayana, Sushmita Shukla, and Abdur Rahaman. An evolutionarily conserved phosphatidate phosphatase maintains lipid droplet number and endoplasmic reticulum morphology but not nuclear morphology. Biology Open 6.11 (2017): 1629-1643. Web. 26 Sept2020. ...
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