cansSAR 3D Structure of 6DY2_B | GUINEA PIG N-ACYLETHANOLAMINE-HYDROLYZING ACID AMIDASE (NAAA) COVALENTLY BOUND TO BETA-LACTAM INHIBITOR ARN726 | 6DY2

A full-length aryl sulfotransferase cDNA was isolated from a human liver cDNA library. It was 1155 bp long containing a coding region of 885 basepairs encoding a cytosolic protein (Mr 34178 Da) of 295 amino acids. This human cDNA shared 80% homology to the rat aryl sulfotransferase cDNA, 58% to the bovine and rat oestrogen sulfotransferase cDNAs, 53% to the rat hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase cDNA and 51% to the human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase cDNA over its whole 885 bp coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of this human cDNA was 79% homologous to that of the rat aryl sulfotransferase cDNA and the putative common-substrate binding site motif GXXGXXK of the sulfotransferases has been conserved in this human amino acid sequence. At least two sizes of this human aryl sulfotransferase mRNA were detected in the human liver and lung ...

The industrial solvent 2-nitropropane (2-NP) is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in rats. The genotoxicity of the compound in rats has been attributed to sulfotransferase-mediated formation of DNA-reactive nitrenium ions from the anionic form of 2-NP, propane 2-nitronate (P2N). Whether human sulfotransferases are capable of activating P2N is unknown. In the present study we have addressed this question by investigating the genotoxicity of P2N in various V79-derived cell lines engineered for expression of individual forms of human sulfotransferases, the phenol-sulfating and the monoamine-sulfating phenol sulfotransferases (hP-PST and hM-PST) and the human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (hHST). Genotoxicity was assessed by measuring the induction of DNA repair synthesis and by analyzing the formation of DNA modifications. P2N induced repair synthesis in V79-hP-PST and V79-hM-PST cells, whereas induction of repair synthesis in V79-hHST cells was negligible. P2N also resulted in the formation of ...

In this paper, we investigated inequalities in the distribution of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in rural areas of Iran over the course of 16 years. Our findings showed that despite notable decreases in neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates over the study period, inequalities in distribution of these measures in Iran persisted, and higher neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates were still reported in areas of lower socioeconomic status.. The regression models built to evaluate neonatal mortality rates showed that the proportions of births occurring in hospitals and literate women of reproductive age were associated with lower mortality rates; additionally, higher neonatal mortality rates were observed in areas with a higher proportion of infants classified as having low birth weight. Moreover, in the evaluation of postneonatal mortality rates, the proportion of births occurring in hospitals and to younger mothers were associated with lower mortality rates.. We also evaluated ...

Bovine prothrombin contains three asparagine-linked sugar chains in 1 molecule. The sugar chains were quantitatively released from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis. All of the oligosaccharides thus obtained contain N-acetylneuraminic acid.

Looking for online definition of Asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 6 homolog in the Medical Dictionary? Asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 6 homolog explanation free. What is Asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 6 homolog? Meaning of Asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 6 homolog medical term. What does Asparagine-linked glycosylation protein 6 homolog mean?

The N-linked carbohydrate chains of recombinant human erythropoietin expressed in CHO cells were quantitatively released with peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F, separated from the remaining O-glycoprotein by gel-permeation chromatography, and subsequently fractionated via FPLC on Mono Q, HPLC on Lichrosorb-NH2 and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography on CarboPac PA1. The purified sialylated oligosaccharides were ... read more analyzed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. When necessary, oligosaccharides were treated with endo-beta-galactosidase (and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) followed by 1H-NMR analysis of the incubation products, to obtain additional structural information. Di-, tri-, tri'- and tetraantennary, N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides occur which can be completely (major) or partially (minor) sialylated. Three different types of alpha2-3-linked sialic acids are present, namely, N-acetylneuraminic acid (95%), ...

Each September marks National Infant Mortality Awareness Month. At KID, we take this opportunity to spread awareness about common hazards that contribute to the infant mortality in the U.S. The CDC defines infant mortality as the death of an infant before the age of one. As we've mentioned in previous blogs, the infant mortality rate in the U.S. still varies based on racial and geographic differences.. One of the leading causes of infant mortality is Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID), which includes Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and accidental suffocation or strangulation. Although progress has been made, and the infant mortality rate has decreased in recent years, certain safety precautions can further reduce these risks.. Safe Sleep: Follow these recommendations to create a safe sleep environment for children.. ...

Home , Papers , UPREGULATION OF FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE (FAAH) IN THE DORSAL PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND REDUCED HEART RATE IN RATS. ...

Aims: To characterise the role of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene (CHST6) in macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) in Czech patients. Methods: The coding region of the CHST6 gene was directly sequenced in ten affected and five unaffected members from eight apparently unrelated MCD families. The type of MCD was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antigenic keratan sulfate (KS) in serum and by immunohistochemical staining of corneas with monoclonal anti-KS antibody. Results: The following changes in the coding sequence of the CHST6 gene were observed; homozygous mutation of c.1A,T (p.M1?); homozygous mutation c.599T,G (p.L200R); compound heterozygosity for c.599T,G and c.614G,A (p.R205Q); compound heterozygosity for c.494G,A (p.C165Y) and c.599T,G; heterozygous c.599T,G mutation and no other change in the coding sequence. One proband exhibited no changes. The pathogenic mutation c.599T,G (p.L200R) was in allelic association with the c.484C,G (p.R162G) polymorphism. Nine patients ...

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important part in lowering pulmonary vascular resistance after birth, and in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), NO-mediated dilation is dysfunctional. The endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) circulates in plasma, and its concentrations are elevated in certain cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. ADMA is metabolized by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), the activity of which regulates ADMA concentrations and provides a mechanism for modulating NO synthase in vivo. We investigated the changes in expression and activity of the 2 isoforms of DDAH in lungs from newborn piglets both during normal development and in PPHN. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Western blotting, we showed that DDAHI expression did not change in the normal developing lung; however, DDAHII increased after birth and reached a peak at 1 day. This was reflected in an increase in total DDAH activity according

Phospholipid patterns of 15 representative strains of the genus Amycolatopsis were recorded by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The structure analysis of the isolated phospholipids was verified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy. The positive- and negative-ion spectra of the partially purified phospholipid fractions qualitatively reflect their distinctive composition. All strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. Two different types of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine were detected, viz., compounds with or without hydroxy fatty acids. These phospholipid patterns underline the integrity of the genus. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis of phospholipid patterns may serve as an aid for differentiation of bacterial species.

Incidence - The incidence of profound biotinidase deficiency is approximately 1 in 137,000 births. The prevalence of partial biotinidase deficiency is approximately 1 in 110,000 people. Since partial biotinidase deficiency can be mild, it is possible that the true prevalence is more common.. The condition is most common among individuals of European descent. However, it is also reported among individuals of Turkish, Saudi Arabian, and Japanese descent.. The early-onset form usually begins during the newborn (neonatal) period. The juvenile form usually begins at about three months of age. Males and females are affected in equal numbers.. Inheritance This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The parents of an individual with biotinidase deficiency each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not have any health problems associated with the condition.. Cause - Mutations in the BTD gene cause biotinidase deficiency. The BTD gene provides instructions for making ...

Pyrazinamide is a first-line drug for treating tuberculosis, but pyrazinamide resistance testing is usually too slow to guide initial therapy, so some patients receive inappropriate therapy. We therefore aimed to optimize and evaluate a rapid molecular test for tuberculosis drug resistance to pyrazinamide. Tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was optimized to test for mutations causing pyrazinamide resistance directly from sputum samples and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The reliability of PCR-SSCP for sputum (n=65) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n=185) from 147 patients was compared with four tests for pyrazinamide resistance: Bactec-460 automated-culture; the Wayne biochemical test; DNA sequencing for pncA mutations; and traditional microbiological broth culture. PCR-SSCP provided interpretable results for 96% (46/48) of microscopy-positive sputum samples, 76% (13/17) of microscopy-negative sputa and 100% of Mycobacterium ...

Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which biotin is not released from proteins in the diet during digestion or from normal protein turnover in the cell. This situation results in biotin deficiency. Biotin, also called vitamin B7, is an important water-soluble nutrient that aids in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Biotin deficiency can result in behavioral disorders, lack of coordination, learning disabilities and seizures. Biotin supplementation can alleviate and sometimes totally stop such symptoms. Signs and symptoms of a biotinidase deficiency can appear several days after birth. These include seizures, hypotonia and muscle/limb weakness, ataxia, paresis, hearing loss, optic atrophy, skin rashes (including seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis), and alopecia. If left untreated, the disorder can rapidly lead to coma and death. Biotinidase deficiency can also appear later in life. This is referred to as "late-onset" biotinidase deficiency. ...

Michelle L Altrich-VanLith, Marina Ostankovitch, Joy M Polefrone, Claudio A Mosse, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, Donald F Hunt, Victor H Engelhard

TY - JOUR. T1 - Crystal structure of estrogen sulphotransferase. AU - Kakuta, Y.. AU - Pedersen, L. G.. AU - Carter, C. W.. AU - Negishi, M.. AU - Pedersen, L. C.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - The structure of estrogen sulphotransferase has been solved in the presence of inactive cofactor PAP and substrate 17β-estradiol. This structure reveals structural similarities between cytosolic sulphotransferases and nucleotide kinases.. AB - The structure of estrogen sulphotransferase has been solved in the presence of inactive cofactor PAP and substrate 17β-estradiol. This structure reveals structural similarities between cytosolic sulphotransferases and nucleotide kinases.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030670315&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030670315&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1038/nsb1197-904. DO - 10.1038/nsb1197-904. M3 - Article. C2 - 9360604. AN - ...

The month of May is designated as Tay-Sachs and Canavan Diseases Awareness Month. Newborns with Tay-Sachs disease appear healthy at birth, but then symptoms start to occur at 6 months. The infant will start to lose motor skills and mental functions. Soon after, they become blind, deaf, mentally retarded, paralyzed, non-responsive to their environment and will eventually die by the age of 5. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a lack of an enzyme called Hexosaminidase A (Hex A), which is needed for the body to break down the fatty waste substances that are found in the brain cells. Without Hex A, this substance accumulates abnormally and causes gradual damage until the nervous system shuts down completely and can no longer sustain life.. Newborns with Canavan disease also appear healthy at birth. However, at the ages of 3 and 9 months, subtle changes will start to occur. These changes include visual inattentiveness, inability to grasp objects, roll over, or like Tay-Sachs disease, perform motor tasks. ...

A mammalian N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase I (GnT I)-independent fucosylation pathway is revealed by the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and negative-ion nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of N-linked glycans from natively folded recombinant glycoproteins, expressed in both human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293S and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) Lec3.2.8.1 cells deficient in GnT I activity. The biosynthesis of core fucosylated Man5GlcNAc2 glycans was enhanced in CHO Lec3.2.8.1 cells by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), leading to the increase in core fucosylated Man5GlcNAc2 glycans and the biosynthesis of a novel core fucosylated monoglucosylated oligomannose glycan, Glc1Man7GlcNAc2Fuc. Furthermore, no fucosylated Man9GlcNAc2 glycans were detected following inhibition of alpha-mannosidase I with kifunensine. Thus, core fucosylation is prevented by the presence of terminal alpha1-2 mannoses on the 6-antennae but not the 3

Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is plant lectin protein derived from the fruits of Arachis hypogaea. Peanut agglutinin may also be referred to as Arachis hypogaea lectin. Lectins recognise and bind particular sugar sequences in carbohydrates; peanut agglutinin binds the carbohydrate sequence Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc. The name "peanut agglutinin" originates from its ability to stick together (agglutinate) cells, such as neuramidase-treated erythrocytes, which have glycoproteins or glycolipids on their surface which include the Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc carbohydrate sequence. The protein is 273 amino acids in length with the first 23 residues acting and a signal peptide which is subsequently cleaved. It has a Uniprot accession of P02872. There are over 20 structures of this protein in the PDB which reveal and all beta-sheet protein with a tetrameric quaternary structure. It is a member of the Lectin_legB PFAM family. Available Structures of peanut agglutinin Because peanut agglutinin specifically binds a particular ...

Looking for online definition of 3-beta (beta)-hydroxysteroid sulfatase in the Medical Dictionary? 3-beta (beta)-hydroxysteroid sulfatase explanation free. What is 3-beta (beta)-hydroxysteroid sulfatase? Meaning of 3-beta (beta)-hydroxysteroid sulfatase medical term. What does 3-beta (beta)-hydroxysteroid sulfatase mean?

We have demonstrated previously that mouse and human islets express ECS (endocannabinoid system) elements, and that short-term activation of islet cannabinoid CB1r and CB2r (cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors respectively) stimulates insulin secretion in vitro. There is evidence that the ECS is overactive in Type 2 diabetes, impairing glucose homoeostasis, but little is known about whether it is implicated in islet dysfunction. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure of isolated mouse islets to cannabinoid receptor agonists on islet gene expression and function. Quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) indicated that mRNAs encoding synthesis [NAPE-PLD (N-acyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamide-hydrolysing phospholipase D)] and degradation [FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase)] of the endocannabinoid AEA (anandamide) were the most abundant ECS elements in mouse islets, with much lower levels of CB1r, CB2r, DAGL (diacylglycerol lipase) and MAGL ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Amino Acid Templating of Inorganic Networks. T2 - Synthesis and Structure of L-Asparagine Zinc Phosphite, C4N2O3H 8·ZnHPO3. AU - Gordon, Laura E.. AU - Harrison, William T.A.. PY - 2004/3/22. Y1 - 2004/3/22. N2 - C4N2O3H8·ZnHPO 3 is the first zincophosphite framework to be templated by an amino acid (L-asparagine), which bonds to Zn via a carboxyl O atom. It contains infinite, homochiral, helical 4-ring chains of ZnO4 and HPO 3 groups, stabilized by intra- and interchain N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Crystal data: C4N2O3H 8·ZnHPO3, Mr = 277.49, orthorhombic, P212121 (No. 19), a = 5.0349(2) Å, b = 9.4539(4) Å, c = 18.6092(8) Å, V = 885,79 (6) Å3, Z = 4.. AB - C4N2O3H8·ZnHPO 3 is the first zincophosphite framework to be templated by an amino acid (L-asparagine), which bonds to Zn via a carboxyl O atom. It contains infinite, homochiral, helical 4-ring chains of ZnO4 and HPO 3 groups, stabilized by intra- and interchain N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Crystal data: C4N2O3H 8·ZnHPO3, Mr = ...

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency/congenital disorder of glycosylation IIc (LAD II/CDG IIc) is a genetic disease characterized by a decreased expression of fucose in glycoconjugates, resulting in leukocyte adhesion deficiency and severe morphological and neurological abnormalities. The biochemical defect is a reduced transport of guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose (GDP-L-fucose) from cytosol into the Golgi compartment, which reduces its availability as substrate for fucosyltransferases. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a limited supply of GDP-L-fucose inside the Golgi on core fucosylation (a1,6-fucose linked to core N-acetylglucosamine [GlcNAc]) of N-linked glycans in LAD II fibroblasts. The results showed that, although [3H]fucose incorporation was generally reduced in LAD II cells, core fucosylation was affected to a greater extent compared with other types of fucosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides. In particular, core fucosylation was found to be nearly absent in biantennary ...

Pyrene (PYR) and fluorene (FLU) are among the sixteen priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and are both frequently detected in contaminated sites. Due to the importance of bivalve mollusks in biomonitoring programs and the scarce information on the biotransformation system in these organisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PYR and FLU at the transcriptional level and the enzymatic activities of some biotransformation systems in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and to evaluate the histological effects in their soft tissues. Oysters C. gigas were exposed for 24 h and 96 h to PYR (0.25 and 0.5 μM) and FLU (0.6 and 1.2 μM). After exposure, transcript levels of cytochrome P450 coding genes (CYP1-like, CYP2-like, CYP2AU2, CYP356A1, CYP17α-like), glutathione S tranferase genes (omega GSTO-like and microsomal, MGST-like) and sulfotransferase gene (SULT-like), and the activity of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ...

Pyrene (PYR) and fluorene (FLU) are among the sixteen priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and are both frequently detected in contaminated sites. Due to the importance of bivalve mollusks in biomonitoring programs and the scarce information on the biotransformation system in these organisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PYR and FLU at the transcriptional level and the enzymatic activities of some biotransformation systems in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and to evaluate the histological effects in their soft tissues. Oysters C. gigas were exposed for 24 h and 96 h to PYR (0.25 and 0.5 µM) and FLU (0.6 and 1.2 µM). After exposure, transcript levels of cytochrome P450 coding genes (CYP1-like, CYP2-like, CYP2AU2, CYP356A1, CYP17α-like), glutathione S tranferase genes (omega GSTO-like and microsomal, MGST-like) and sulfotransferase gene (SULT-like), and the activity of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ...

Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned specifically with the generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrate structures. This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as oligosaccharides. Generally speaking, carbohydrates can be classified into two groups, simple sugars and complex carbohydrates. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, are carbohydrates which can not be converted into smaller sugars by hydrolysis. When two or more monosaccharide units are connected to one another via a glycoside linkage, complex carbohydrates are formed. Complex carbohydrates, according to the different number of monosaccharide units, can be classed into three groups, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. A disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides. Oligosaccharides can be formed by a small number of monosaccharides linked together. Higher oligosaccharides are called polysaccharides. ...

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and lutropin (eLH) are heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones which are synthesized in the placenta and pituitary, respectively. The beta subunits of eCG and eLH, like their alpha subunits, arise from a single gene and have identical amino acid sequences. In contrast, the beta subunits of CG and LH in primates arise from different genes and differ in sequence. We have examined the structures of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides on eCG and eLH. eCG bears di- and tri-branched Asn-linked oligosaccharides terminating with Sia alpha 2,3 or 6Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc. In contrast, , 72% of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides on eLH have 1 or 2 branches terminating with the sequence SO4-4-GalNAc beta 1,4GlcNAc. The nonsulfated oligosaccharides on eLH are neutral (6% of the total) or have branches terminating with sialic acid-Gal (22% of the total). Since the alpha and beta subunits of eCG and eLH both contain the tripeptide motif, Pro-Xaa-Arg/Lys, recognized by the glycoprotein ...

https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/chemical/structure/%5BH%5D%[email protected]@%5D12CCC(=O)%[email protected]@... OpenBabel09142113213D Jmol version 14.31.45 2021-07-21 05:08 EXTRACT: ({0:48}) 49 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -2.0952 0.7575 -1.5454 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0838 0.7756 -0.4558 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0244 1.8656 0.0739 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.4253 1.2220 -0.1153 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2113 -0.2879 -0.1463 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0470 -1.1369 -0.3443 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.7505 -0.5028 0.1195 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5060 -0.5778 1.6280 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0990 -1.6916 -0.5599 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6238 -1.7067 -0.1302 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0815 -0.3999 -0.4829 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1087 -0.3062 -1.5686 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6565 0.8337 0.0599 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6699 0.8160 1.1497 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0573 2.0863 -0.4604 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5036 2.0321 -0.0629 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1380 0.9170 0.1518 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...

Asparagine-803 in the C-terminal transactivation domain of human hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha-subunit is hydroxylated by factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) under normoxic conditions causing abrogation of the HIF-1alpha/p300 interaction. NMR and other analyses of a hydroxylated HIF fragment

The oligosaccharide chains of microheterogeneous bovine pancreatic DNAases were characterized by the lectin-nitrocellulose sheet method. The active fractions of the DNAases from column chromatography showed four major and several minor spots on a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel. They were transferred on to nitrocellulose sheets and treated with glycosidases (neuraminidase, endo-beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase H or F, or peptide N-glycosidase F) and treated with peroxidase-coupled lectins (concanavalin A, Ricinus communis agglutinin or wheat-germ agglutinin). From the results, the most probable oligosaccharide types were proposed to be as follows: the four major spots contained components which had high-mannose type or hybrid-type oligosaccharides, such as those susceptible to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. In addition, spot 1 contained a complex-type biantennary oligosaccharide without sialic acid and spot 3 contained a tri- or tetra-antennary complex-type oligosaccharide with sialic ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of coronary revascularization with or without cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine. AU - Cziráki, Attila. AU - Ajtay, Zénó. AU - Németh, Ádám. AU - Lenkey, Zsófia. AU - Sulyok, Endre. AU - Szabados, Sándor. AU - Alotti, Nasri. AU - Martens-Lobenhoffer, Jens. AU - Szabó, Csaba. AU - Bode-Böger, Stefanie M.. PY - 2011/6/1. Y1 - 2011/6/1. N2 - Objectives: We measured and compared serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and L-arginine levels in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Methods: Two groups of patients with coronary artery disease were subjected to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB; n=20) or with off-pump CABG surgery (OPCABG; n=21). Blood samples for measurements of ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine were withdrawn and determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from the coronary sinus (CS) and from the peripheral ...

MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the human NAAA zymogen (47.7 kDa) treated with peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) identified 4 glycosylation sites, and acid cleavage of the zymogen into alpha- and beta-subunits (14.6 and 33.3 kDa) activated the enzyme ...

CS6 is the predominant colonization factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We report the existence of multiple CS6 subtypes caused by natural point mutations in cssA and cssB, the structural genes for CS6. The subtype AIBI was mostly associated with ETEC isolated from diarrhoeal cases, whereas AIIBII was mostly found in asymptomatic controls. Here we explore the rationale behind this association. ETEC isolates expressing AIIBII showed weaker adherence to intestinal epithelial cells compared with ETEC expressing AIBI. AIIBII expression on the ETEC cell surface was threefold less than AIBI. We found that alanine at position 37 in CssAII, in conjunction with asparagine at position 97 in CssBII, was responsible for the decreased levels of AIIBII on the bacterial surface. In addition, purified AIIBII showed fourfold less mucin binding compared with AIBI. The asparagine at position 97 in CssBII was also accountable for the decreased mucin binding by AIIBII. Reduced fluid accumulation and

PD-L1 是一個 33 kDa 的跨膜蛋白，在多種腫瘤組織中高度表現。隨著 PD-1/PD-L1 免疫檢查點研究的不斷開發與深入，已有多個 PD-1/PD-L1 抑製劑藥物（例如 Atezolizumab、Avelumab、Durvalumab、Nivolumab、Pembrolizumab 等）進入臨床作為非小細胞肺癌、頭頸部鱗狀上皮癌、腎細胞癌、泌尿上皮癌、黑色素瘤、何杰金氏淋巴瘤等疾病的二線甚至一線治療藥物 [1, 2]。. 病患癌症組織的 PD-L1 表現量可用來作為預測藥物療效或是衡量病患是否適合接受 PD-1/PD-L1 抑製劑藥物的評估指標。然而由於 PD-L1 的重度醣基化，使得 PD-L1 的 IHC-P 或 Western Blot 檢測極具挑戰性 [2]。以下我們特別整理了 PD-L1 的實驗注意事項，期望能幫助您取得更精確的 PD-L1 檢測結果！. PD-L1 的 IHC-P 檢測注意事項. 當 PD-L1 的 IHC-P 檢測結果訊號不佳時，可嘗試使用醣苷水解酶 PNGase F (peptide-N-glycosidase F) 處理組織樣本，使 ...

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5.2.1 Recall the cell as the smallest unit of life and identify its major structures (including cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole). Taxonomy level: 1.1 and 1.2-A Remember Factual Knowledge

A patient with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b (CDGS1b) is reported. The patient presented at 5 months of age with failure to thrive, prolonged diarrhoea, hepatomegaly and elevated serum liver transaminases. Liver biopsy showed steatosis. A low serum albumin and elevated serum liver transaminases persisted throughout childhood during which he had repeated infectious illnesses. From the age of 10 years he had oesophageal and duodenal ulceration together with recurrent bacterial cholangitis. Liver biopsy demonstrated hepatic fibrosis. CDGS1b was suspected, supported by the finding of a protein-losing enteropathy and finally confirmed by showing a reduced phosphomannoseisomerase activity. This case illustrates a rare condition with a wide range of presentations. [on SciFinder (R)] Kelly, D. F.; Boneh, A.; Pitsch, S.; Gold, H.; Fietz, M.; Nelson, P.; Oliver, M. R.

Previously, we have shown that heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O-endosulfatase 1 (Sulf1) is a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-responsive gene in normal human lung fibroblasts and functions as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1 and that TGF-β1 induces the expression of Sulf1 as well as that of the closely related Sulf2 in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we focused on the role of Sulf2 in modulating TGF-β1 function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We found that Sulf2 mRNA was overexpressed in lung samples from human patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and Sulf2 protein was specifically localized to the hyperplastic type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). In vitro, TGF-β1 induced the expression of Sulf2 with accompanied HS 6-O-desulfation in A549 cells, adenocarcinoma cells derived from the type II alveolar epithelium. Using small interference RNA to block Sulf2 expression, we observed a biphasic TGF-β1 response with early enhanced Smad ...

Virulence of Vibrio vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation and an opaque colony morphology. Capsular polysaccharide was purified from a whole-cell, phosphate-buffered saline-extracted preparation of the opaque, virulent phase of V. vulnificus M06-24 (M06-24/O) by dialysis, centrifugation, enzymatic digestion, and phenol-chloroform extraction. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the purified polysaccharide showed that the polymer was composed of a repeating structure with four sugar residues per repeating subunit: three residues of 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxyhexopyranose in the alpha-gluco configuration (QuiNAc) and an additional residue of 2-acetamido hexouronate in the alpha-galactopyranose configuration (GalNAcA). The complete carbohydrate structure of the polysaccharide was determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were completely ...

This gene encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 2 family. The encoded protein participates in glucosylation of the oligomannose core in N-linked glycosylation of proteins. The addition of glucose residues to the oligomannose core is necessary to ensure substrate recognition, and therefore, effectual transfer of the oligomannose core to the nascent glycoproteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

In this study, we examined the potential N-glycosylation sites of RCL, and then discussed the functional significance of N-glycosylation on its secretion and enzymatic properties. RCL has four potential glycosylation sites in its gene sequence, three of which lie in the prosequence and the fourth of which is in the mature sequence (Figure 1B). Although the potential N-glycosylation sites of a protein can be predicted from the consensus sequence Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr, not all such sites are fully occupied [33]. When RCL was expressed in P. pastoris, its N-terminal was truncated by Kex2. Thus, the three potential glycosylation sites in its prosequence were removed and only one glycosylation site at N-263 was retained in the truncated lipase r27RCLC (Figure 1). Enzymatic deglycosylation, which removed both high-mannose, hybrid-and complex-type N-linked glycans, was performed using glycosidases to investigate whether the potential glycosylation sites were glycosylated or not [3]. Endo Hf cleaved within ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - L-DOPA biotransformation. T2 - Correlations of dosage, erythrocyte catechol O-methyltransferase and platelet SULT1A3 activities with metabolic pathways in Parkinsonian patients. AU - Dousa, M. K.. AU - Weinshilboum, Richard M. AU - Muenter, M. D.. AU - Offord, K. P.. AU - Decker, P. A.. AU - Tyce, G. M.. PY - 2003/8/1. Y1 - 2003/8/1. N2 - The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the effects of dose and drug absorption on pathways of biotransformation of L-DOPA in Parkinsonian patients treated with Sinemet, and (2) the extent to which genetically-determined variations in the activities of erythrocyte catechol O-methyltransferase and/or platelet phenol sulfotransferase might be reflected in individual differences in L-DOPA metabolism. In the 19 patients studied, there were negative correlations between dosage or absorption and extent of O-methylation and of sulfation of L-DOPA or its metabolites. Levels of activity for erythrocyte COMT were also reflected in individual ...

Mutations or deletions of FMRP, involved in the regulation of mRNA metabolism in brain, lead to the Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most frequent form of inherited intellectual disability. A severe manifestation of the disease has been associated with the Ile304Asn mutation, located on the KH2 domain of the protein. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the possible molecular mechanism responsible for the drastic effect of this mutation in humans. Here, we performed a molecular dynamics simulation and show that the Ile304Asn mutation destabilizes the hydrophobic core producing a partial unfolding of two α-helices and a displacement of a third one. The affected regions show increased residue flexibility and motion. Molecular docking analysis revealed strongly reduced binding to a model single-stranded nucleic acid in agreement with known data that the two partially unfolded helices form the RNA-binding surface. The third helix, which we show here to be also affected, is involve

Bovine and camel chymosin are aspartic peptidases that are used industrially in cheese production. They cleave the Phe105-Met106 bond of the milk protein κ-casein, releasing its predominantly negatively charged C-terminus, which leads to the separation of the milk into curds and whey. Despite having 85% sequence identity, camel chymosin shows a 70% higher milk-clotting activity than bovine chymosin towards bovine milk. The activities, structures, thermal stabilities and glycosylation patterns of bovine and camel chymosin obtained by fermentation in Aspergillus niger have been examined. Different variants of the enzymes were isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and showed variations in their glycosylation, N-terminal sequences and activities. Glycosylation at Asn291 and the loss of the first three residues of camel chymosin significantly decreased its activity. Thermal differential scanning calorimetry revealed a slightly higher thermal stability of camel chymosin compared with ...

The N-linked glycosylation in recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb) occurs at Asn297 on the Fc region in the CH2 domain. Glycosylation heterogeneities have been well documented to affect biological activities such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) through their interaction with Fc-receptors. Hence, it is critical to monitor and characterize the N-linked glycosylation profile in a therapeutic protein such as a mAb for product consistency. In one approach, the glycans are first released from the mAb using an enzyme specific digestion, such as Protein N-Glycosidase F (PNGase) and subsequently they are labeled using a fluorophore, for example, 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) . Here we have applied this approach and used Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) to analyze a recombinant mAb produced in murine myeloma (NS0) cells. The technique provides short analysis times, efficient separations, and

As part of a robust innate immune system, the cells of the airway epithelium secrete fluid and proteins to create the highly proteinaceous periciliary liquid (PCL). Many proteins present in the PCL have proposed antimicrobial functions, including two of the most abundant proteins, BPIFA1 (SPLUNC1) and BPIFB1 (LPLUNC1). The function of these two proteins in host defence is unresolved and we hypothesize that they interact with the respiratory pathogen, S. aureus, to limit infection.. Air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary bronchial epithelial cells secrete many proteins present in the PCL, including BPIFA1 and BPIFB1. Pull down assays interacting cell secretions with S. aureus were used to visualise protein-bacterial interactions. Both BPIFA1 and BPIFB1 were shown interact strongly with S. aureus. Recombinant proteins generated in CHO cells exhibited similar binding to the endogenous proteins. Deglycosylation using PNGase F treatment prior to pull down assays highlighted that these ...

Glycans are essential regulators of protein function and are now in the focus of research in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. There are numerous modes of regulating their biosynthesis, including epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the expression of glyco-genes. Since N-glycans located at the cell membrane define intercellular communication as well as a cellular response to a given environment, we developed a method to preferentially analyze this fraction of glycans. The method is based on incorporation of living cells into polyacrylamide gels, partial denaturation of membrane proteins with 3 M urea and subsequent release of N-glycans with PNGase F followed by HPLC analysis. Using this newly developed method, we revealed multiple effects of epigenetic inhibitors Trichostatin A, sodium butyrate and zebularine on the composition of N-glycans in human cells. The induced changes were found to be reversible after inhibitor removal. Given that many epigenetic inhibitors are currently

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