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In the evaluation and management of bronchial asthma, simple instruments for measurements of the peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate are needed. The aim of this study was to determine normal PEF values of Turkish children living in Istanbul. This is the largest study conducted in Turkey. In a cross-sectional study, we measured PEF in 2791 healthy schoolchildren (1468 boys and 1323 girls) aged 7-14 years, with a Mini Wright peak flow meter. We entered height, age, and sex into the regression equation. The equation for prediction of PEF in boys was calculated as (3.5 × height [cm]) + (9.2 × age [years]) - 256.5, (p < 0.0001; r = 0.83) and for girls as (3.3 × height [cm]) + (10.2 × age [years]) - 263.7 (p < 0.0001; r = 0.81). We found that PEF values of Turkish children were similar to British and Danish children, but significant differences were noted with Greek, Irish, Mexican American, African-American, and white American children. Our results were significantly lower compared with another study ...

In the paper entitled Acute effects of winter air pollution on respiratory function in schoolchildren in southern England by Peacock et al in this issue,1 the authors extended their earlier investigation of the effects of summertime air pollutant exposure in children from the same area in southern England.2. In their previous study of summertime exposures, the authors reported very small, but statistically significant negative associations between the mass concentration of PM less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and forced expiratory volume in 0.75 seconds (FEV0.75) and forced vital capacity (FVC), but no evident associations with ozone (O3) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For the wintertime study described in this issue, they relied on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measured with mini-Wright meters provided for each child rather than on FEV0.75 and FVC measured by spirometry, and reported no clear PEFR associations with any of the measured air pollutants (PM10, NO2, O3, SO2, and ...

Twenty children have been treated with the steroid aerosol beclomethasone, half of them in an open trial and the other half in a controlled cross-over trial. Children were assessed by means of clinical examination, diary records, and twice-daily peak flow rate measurements made at home.. After 1 to 2 months all but 1 of the 16 children who were initially taking systemic steroids or corticotrophin were weaned off these drugs. The cross-over trial showed a significant improvement on the active drug, in terms of diary score, bronchodilator use, steroid dose, and twice-daily peak expiratory flow measurements. Adrenal function was entirely normal after 1 and 3 months on the drug as measured by morning cortisol levels and the response to tetracosactrin. There were no side effects, apart from the reappearance of hay fever or eczema in some children previously on systemic steroids. Follow-up for a mean of 4·5 ± 2·2 (SD) months showed the continuing efficacy of beclomethasone, though an increase in ...

Case Series The four patients were aged between 35 and 56 and three of them had never smoked. They presented with new onset asthma and rhinitis symptoms that were subsequently diagnosed as occupational based on 2-h peak expiratory flow measurements (OASYS-2 scores range: 3.25-4.00). Two of the patients had impaired lung function at diagnosis. One case showed a dual asthmatic response and two cases showed early asthmatic reactions to potassium dichromate 2 mg/ml on specific inhalation challenges. The fourth case had a small late reaction only to cobalt chloride 10 mg/ml. (Abstract P8 Figure 1). ...

BACKGROUND--The acute response to bronchodilators in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is modest; it has, however, been suggested that these patients may benefit from long term treatment. METHODS--To investigate the efficacy of salmeterol in smokers with moderate to severe COPD a double blind, randomised, crossover comparison was performed between salmeterol (50 micrograms twice daily) and placebo in 63 patients with stable COPD (mean age 65 years). Prior to inclusion, all patients had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of , 60% of predicted and an improvement in FEV1 of , 15% following 400 micrograms inhaled salbutamol. Patients received four weeks of therapy with each of the treatment regimens. Assessment of efficacy was made with recording of morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEF), respiratory symptoms, and use of rescue salbutamol. FEV1 was measured before and after nebulised salbutamol prior to randomisation and at the end of each ...

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Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) exacerbates acute lung injury by causing additional atelectrauma and volutrauma at the microanatomical level. Kollisch-Singule and colleagues designed a randomized, nonblinded laboratory animal study to investigate alveolar microstrain of subpleural alveoli during dynamic inflation and deflation. The authors hypothesized that airway pressure release ventilation (APRV), with a prolonged plateau pressure (Phigh) and minimal time at end-expiratory release pressure (Plow), would minimize microstrain.. The authors found that an APRV termination of peak expiratory flow rate to peak expiratory flow rate ratio of 75% resulted in significantly less alveolar microstrain and improved alveolar recruitment. The methodology established in this study will likely prove useful in future large animal and clinical studies designed to investigate the optimal mechanical breath profiles for the prevention of VILI.. Read the full Concise Critical Appraisal by logging into the SCCM ...

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...

A peak flow meter for asthma is a handheld meter that measures how well air flows out of the lungs. Measuring your peak flow using this device is an important part of managing your asthma symptoms and preventing an asthma attack. That is because sometimes you may feel your breathing is fine, but when you measure it with a peak flow meter, you find your lung function is slightly decreased. A PFM can be used to:. • Determine the severity of your asthma. • Check your response to treatment during an acute asthma episode. • Monitor progress in treatment of chronic asthma and provide information for any changes in your therapy. • Detect worsening lung function and avoid a possible serious asthma flare-up. A peak flow meter can help you and your allergist evaluate how severe your asthma is at any point in time. With a peak flow meter, you can often see a drop in your readings even before your symptoms (like coughing or wheezing) get worse. Decreases in peak flow may show that you need to ...

Brittle asthma is a type of asthma distinguishable from other forms by recurrent, severe attacks. There are two subtypes divided by symptoms: Type 1 and Type 2, depending on the stability of the patients maximum speed of expiration, or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Type 1 is characterized by sustained, chronic variability of PEFR, while type 2 is distinguished by sudden unpredictable drops in PEFR where asthma symptoms are otherwise well controlled and the function of the lungs is not substantially impaired. Brittle asthma is one of the unstable subtypes of difficult asthma, a term used to characterize the less than 5% of asthma cases that do not respond to maximal inhaled treatment, including high doses of corticosteroids combined with additional therapies such as long-acting beta-2 agonists. The 2005 Oxford Textbook of Medicine distinguishes type 1 brittle asthma by persistent daily chaotic variability in peak flow (usually greater than 40 per cent diurnal variation in PEFR more than ...

A peak flow meter could actually save your life and ward off an asthma attack by allowing you to respond quickly to asthma flare-ups such as coughing, wheezing, and mucus production. These devices were created to help you manage your asthma, especially during physical activity. Peak flow meters measure daily variations in your breathing letting you know that your body has reached its limit by the number indicated on the meter. If the number is lower than your optimal amount, you should stop and rest, and/or take medication, depending on your doctors orders. Your doctor will also be able to tell whether your asthma medication is working based on the readings of the meter. Many people take daily asthma medication along with using their peak flow meter on a daily basis. Peak flow meters are hand-held and portable, and give you the confidence of being able to monitor your asthma symptoms before they start. The higher the number, the healthier you are, so you know that your asthma management plan is ...

Resolving the issue of accurate measurement of gas flow in the pipeline is one of the most important components of the effective management of gas enterprises. Invention of ultrasonic flow meters was a technological breakthrough. Currently this is one of the dynamically developing technology of gas flow metering in pipes. Flow meters effectively work under a pressure of 4 bar and more, measuring flows up to 40 m/sec in pipes from 75 to 1,500 mm in diameter; flow meters are applicable for fiscal and real time metering of natural, process gas and air flow rate. Flow meters can also be used for flow rate measurement of multiphase media (gas plus liquid phase) ensuring stable measurement in the presence of up 30% liquid phase and measuring its content within the accuracy of ~5%.. 1010 flow meters dont have moving parts and are absolutely not susceptible to the influence of gas flow. Flow meter testing time: 4 years.. We are producing 1, 2, 3 and 4 ray flow meters with high, enhanced and ultra-high ...

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A peak flow meter is a simple device to measure how quickly you can move air out of your lungs. It can help you see if an attack is coming, sometimes even before any symptoms appear. Peak flow measurements can help show when medication is needed, or other action needs to be taken. Peak flow values of 50-80% of a specific persons best results are a sign of a moderate asthma attack, while values below 50% are a sign of a severe attack. Peak Flow Meters are used in conjunction with Asthma Action Plans, which is your personal plan for asthma management outlined by your doctor ...

The perception of breathlessness is a subject-related factor which is linked to respiratory disease, cardiac disease and overweight. We studied the distribution of breathlessness, its association with respiratory disease, cardiac disease and overweight, as well as its association with lung function, reversibility of airway obstruction (reversibility) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability in an elderly population. Data on breathlessness (rated with Borg scale), lung function, reversibility, PEF variability, respiratory symptoms, cardiac disease and overweight were collected in a random sample of 210 elderly (,55 yrs old) who participated in a physical fitness test. Individuals with a Borg score ,0 were taken to have breathlessness. Subjects with a Borg score ,0 (n=50, 24%) were three to five times more likely to have a low lung function and large reversibility than subjects with a Borg score of zero, independent of the presence of respiratory symptoms, cardiac disease or overweight, ...

When the mean PEF on workdays (starting with the first reading at work and continuing till the last reading before work on the next day, i.e. day interpreted)is compared with the mean PEF on days away from exposure, a difference of 16 litres/min is outside the 95% CI for readings taken in non-asthmatics exposed to high levels of a respiratory irritant (grain). Taking a mean rest-work PEF >16 litres/min achieved a sensitivity of 68% and specificity 95% in indeendently diagnosed occupational asthmatics and asthmatic controls. An increase in diurnal variation on workdays of >7% (the upper 95% CI for aasthmatic controils) had a sensitivity of only 27% for the diagnosis of OA. The difference between maximum PEF on workdays and minimum PEF on rest days (as reported in Cote J, Kennedy S, ChanYeung M , Quantitative Versus Qualitative Analysis Of Peak Expiratory Flow In Occupational Asthma, Thorax, 1993; 48:48-51) had a sensitivity of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A study of propensity for development of bronchial asthma in preadolescents with family history of asthma by spirometry and body mass index. AU - Bhattacharyya, S.. AU - Panchami, R.. AU - Ganaraja, B.. AU - Bhat Ramesh, M.. PY - 2012/1/1. Y1 - 2012/1/1. N2 - Hereditary occurrence of Bronchial asthma has been long been postulated and several studies gave useful information in support of this. Therefore family history of hypersensitivity and asthma is an important factor in the prediction, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of Asthma. We studied the young school children (10-11 years; n=150 in groups of 50 each) without any history of Bronchial asthma and those with history of bronchial asthma and those having parents with asthma, in three separate groups. The parameters studied were Forced Vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 (Timed vital capacity), FEV1/FVC Ratio, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate measurements and Correlated with BMI. Comparison of the parameters by ANOVA revealed that there ...

Asthma as a chronic health condition can be controlled when in addition to clinical care, adequate education and support is provided to enhance self-management. Like many other chronic health conditions improved self-management positively impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It can therefore be said that a well-structured pharmaceutical care delivery that addresses the issues related to patient education and support towards self-management stands a good chance of positively impacting asthma control. This study evaluated the impact of a structured pharmaceutical care delivery on asthma control. A prospective pre-/post- intervention study of a single cohort of 77 adult out-patients visiting specialist asthma clinics in Ghana were assessed for HRQoL and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) one month after pharmaceutical care intervention. Pharmaceutical care intervention covered education on the health condition, pharmacotherapy and self-management issues as well as correction of inhaler-use

Asthma represents a broad spectrum of clinical illness ranging from mild wheezing to severe broncho-constriction. It may present with a cough, a sensation of chest tightness or discomfort, dyspnea, or audible wheezing. When asking the patients history, remember to ask how frequently she uses asthma medication, whether she has limitations on activity or fatigues easily, what her exercise tolerance is, whether there are factors that exacerbate the asthma, and how complaint she is with medication. Acute exacerbation should also prompt you to ask about viral and respiratory infections. Physical examination of the pregnant asthmatic during an acute exacerbation should include assessment of respiratory effort and rate, perfusion status, a qualitative assessment of airflow, and signs of infection. Reversible broncho-constriction manifests itself with restriction of airflow in the large to medium bronchi, resulting in a decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), measured with a hand-held peak flow ...

Guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Most COPD patients are managed in primary care and receive ICS long-term and irrespective of severity. The effect of withdrawing ICS from COPD patients in primary care is unknown. In a pragmatic randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 31 practices, 260 COPD patients stopped their usual ICS (median duration of use 8 years) and were allocated to 500 mcg fluticasone propionate twice daily (n = 128), or placebo (n = 132). Follow-up assessments took place at three monthly intervals for a year at the patients practice. Our primary outcome was COPD exacerbation frequency. Secondary outcomes were time to first COPD exacerbation, reported symptoms, peak expiratory flow rate and reliever inhaler use, and lung function and health related quality of life. In patients randomised to placebo, COPD exacerbation risk over one year was RR: 1.11 (CI: 0.91-1.36). Patients taking placebo

Guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Most COPD patients are managed in primary care and receive ICS long-term and irrespective of severity. The effect of withdrawing ICS from COPD patients in primary care is unknown. In a pragmatic randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 31 practices, 260 COPD patients stopped their usual ICS (median duration of use 8 years) and were allocated to 500 mcg fluticasone propionate twice daily (n = 128), or placebo (n = 132). Follow-up assessments took place at three monthly intervals for a year at the patients practice. Our primary outcome was COPD exacerbation frequency. Secondary outcomes were time to first COPD exacerbation, reported symptoms, peak expiratory flow rate and reliever inhaler use, and lung function and health related quality of life. In patients randomised to placebo, COPD exacerbation risk over one year was RR: 1.11 (CI: 0.91-1.36). Patients taking placebo

The peak expiratory flow rate is a measure of the breath when air soon resumes bronchus. Simple, easy and fast, this measure is necessary to follow the evolution of the disease and adapt the treatment. Regular measurements can also predict a crisis.. The dynamics of the breath is an essential parameter in asthma because the reduction of the calibre of the bronchi characterizing the asthma attack must be quantifiable right away. The comparative measurement of respiratory volumes as well as respiratory force in crisis and in normal times is therefore a necessity for monitoring and the adaptation of an asthma treatment.. ...

Twenty patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were prospectively randomised to receive either intrapleural (bolus 20 ml followed by 10 ml/h) or thoracic epidural (bolus 9 ml followed by 5 ml/h) bupivacaine 0.5% for 8 h postoperatively to assess the effect of these two techniques on pain, pulmonary function and the surgical stress response. As assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS), both groups received good but not total pain relief. Both groups had a 50% reduction in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) after operation, and there was no observed effect on the stress response as measured by plasma glucose and cortisol. It is concluded that while both techniques provide good analgesia, the degree and extent of nerve blockade are not sufficient to affect the afferent neurogenic stimuli responsible for the observed effects on pulmonary function and the stress response ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Quality of spirometry test performance in children and adolescents. T2 - Experience in a large field study. AU - Enright, P. L.. AU - Linn, W. S.. AU - Avol, E. L.. AU - Margolis, Helene G. AU - Gong H., Jr. AU - Peters, J. M.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Study objective: To determine the ability of children and adolescents to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) goals for spirometry quality that were based on results from adults. Design: Observational. Participants: More than 4,000 public school students, ages 9 to 18 years. Measurements: Spirometry was performed annually for 3 years, with the recording of maneuver quality measures of forced expiratory time, end-of-test volume, back-extrapolated volume, and time to peak expiratory flow (PEFT), and the recording of differences between best and second-best FVC, FEV1, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) values. Results: Regression analyses showed significant influences of participant age, gender, ethnicity, size, clinical status, and ...

We have assessed a new positive expiratory pressure device, the Flutter VRP1, in 20 patients with moderately severe asthma. Patients were studied for an initial 1-week run-in period, followed by 2 weeks of the flutter device in one of which the ball-bearing was removed from the bowl. Peak expiratory flow rates, salbutamol inhaler requirements and visual analogue scores were recorded daily. Ease of sputum expectoration showed a significant improvement after 6 days of the flutter device, but there were no differences in objective measurements of lung function nor in salbutamol use. The device may be a useful adjunct to asthma therapy.. ...

The Piusi K200 digital fuel flow meter is designed to measure the dispensing of diesel, lubrication oil, grease and anti-freeze at a maximum flow rate of 2.8lpm. This oval gear fuel flow meter combines high levels of accuracy with low pressure losses, and is compact in design and easy to install. The Piusi K200 electronic grease, diesel and oil flow meter is ideal for industrial applications where fluid delivery control is required. It can be installed in stationary systems on fluid transfer and distribution lines, and in mobile applications as an accessory for delivery valves and guns.. ...

http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/intelligent-flow-meter-market-53333547.html. Early buyers will receive 10% customization on this report.. Inquiry Before Buying @ http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Enquiry_Before_Buying.asp?id=53333547. The intelligent flow meter market incorporates measurement products used for measuring fluidic phenomenon in wide ranges of industrial applications. Intelligent flow meter is widely used in water & wastewater, oil & gas, food& beverage, chemicals, power generation, metals & mining, pulp & paper, pharmaceuticals & other. Global market for intelligent flow meter market is expected to reach $7098.79 million in 2020 at a CAGR of 5.72% calculated from 2014 to 2020.. The report segments the intelligent flow meter market on the basis of the different types, technology, applications and geographies. Further, it contains revenue forecasting and analyzes the trends in the market. The geographical analysis contains the in-depth classification of Americas, ...

Asthma (from the Greek άσθμα, sthma, panting) is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic ...

Asthma (from the Greek άσθμα, ásthma, panting) is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1),and peak expiratory flow rate.Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Prehospital Use of Albuterol Inhalation Treatments. AU - Vonderohe, Eric A.. AU - Jones, James H.. AU - McGrath, Roland B.. AU - Bell, Leon H.. PY - 1991/9. Y1 - 1991/9. N2 - The use of bronch odilators in the prehospital EMS setting is common. This study examined the safety of the administration of 2.5 mg albuterol using a hand-held nebulizer for the treatment of such patients. A total of 55 patients were included. Following treatment, peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) increased a mean of 27 L/min, ventilatory rate decreased four breaths/min, heart rate decreased slightly, and systolic blood pressure increased 10 mmHg. Five of the 53 patients in whom cardiac rhythm was monitored, had premature ventricular complexes prior to treatment; only one did following therapy. Breath sounds improved in 61 % and were unchanged in 39%. Breathing was reported by the patient as improved in 51 of the 53 (93%) and only one felt worse. Adverse reactions were reported in 15 %, but none were ...

Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, and spirometry. It is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate.. ...

A peak flow meter for asthma is like a thermometer for a fever - it helps you monitor whats going on inside your lungs by measuring airflow out of the lungs. The meter can tell you if your airways are narrowing well before asthma symptoms begin. Learn how to use a peak flow meter, how to find your personal best, and how to set your peak flow zones....more ...

How To Read Peak Flow Chart Flowcharts Spirometry For The Primary Care Pediatrician Articles How To Read A Peak Flow Chart Flowcharts how to read a peak flow chart how to read a peak flow meter chart Flowchart program is a diagram that uses a set of standard graphic symbols to represent the sequence of coded instructions fed into a computer, enabling it to perform specified logical and arithmetical operations. It is a great tool to improve work efficiency. There are four basic symbols in program flowchart, start, process, decision and end. Each symbol represents a piece of the code written for the program. Find Your Next Flowcharts

TY - CHAP. T1 - Current clinical diagnostic tests for asthma. AU - Shah, Shiwan. AU - Sharma, Gulshan. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Asthma involves variable airflow obstruction in both large and small airways. The physiological consequences of obstruction include increased airway resistance and decreased expiratory flow rates, which lead to air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. This chapter reviews current methods for pulmonary function testing to detect these physiological changes for both diagnosis and monitoring.. AB - Asthma involves variable airflow obstruction in both large and small airways. The physiological consequences of obstruction include increased airway resistance and decreased expiratory flow rates, which lead to air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. This chapter reviews current methods for pulmonary function testing to detect these physiological changes for both diagnosis and monitoring.. KW - Airway hyperresponsiveness. KW - Bronchodilator reversibility. KW - ...

One systematic review (search date 2002, 22 crossover randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and eight parallel-group RCTs) examined regular versus as-required use of short-acting beta2-agonists in asthma control. Most studies did not allow concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroids, and only data from the crossover studies were suitable for pooling. The review found no difference in morning peak flow rates, but regular use improved evening peak flow rates, reduced diurnal variation, and reduced the need for reliever medication. However, the clinical relevance of these results is uncertain, because exacerbation rates, and quality-of-life scores did not differ and one RCT (n = 117) showed better symptom control over 24 hours with as-required use than with regular use. In some studies, regular use was associated with deterioration of airway responsiveness after stopping medication, increased allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, and tremor [Rodolfo et al, 2005 ...

A Magnetic flow meter can be used to measure any conducting liquid. Since there are no obstructions in the tube there is no pressure drop and the flow rate of a liquid with impurities too can be measured as long as it is conducting. This type of flow meter has no moving parts and is of high accuracy. These flow meters can be used in explosive environments as well and are highly durable.. ...

In various industrial applications, variable area flow meters measure the volumetric flow of liquid and gases. Each flow meter consists of a mobile float and a conical measuring tube. A variable area flow meter works at constant pressure and the...

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The Bronkotest diary card is a paper based diary card that was filled out by patients daily, recording values from morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements and answering 8 questions on signs and symptoms. Symptom scores were recorded for night-time symptoms, breathing, sputum colour, sputum amount, sputum type, wellbeing, number of puffs of inhalers, and cough, generally scored on a scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (worst symptoms). Summary statistics for baseline (mean of the last 7 days prior to first dose) and change (mean of the last 7 days on treatment - baseline) only contain patients included in the analysis. For symptom scores a decrease is an improvement, for PEF an increase is an improvement ...

Male and female subjects aged 18 through 45 years in good general health other than asthma that is consistent with the definition of mild (intermittent or persistent) asthma by the 2002 Expert Panel report of the NAEPP: Night time symptoms no more than once weekly and day time symptoms ,1 per day; lung function, FEV1 or PEF ≥ 80% of predicted value and PEF variability ≤ 30%. Note: the Principal Investigator must determine that the subjects asthma is consistent with this definition e.g., it is not required for the Investigator to obtain historical PEF values to calculate variability ...

The 3418 combines the power of two interlocked 4-path British Gas design meters in one flow meter body. The second set of chords is the mirror image of the first, which allows the meter to cancel out the effects of swirl and cross flow. The 3418 Flow Meter boasts a 0.5 OIML accuracy class and requires only five diameters of straight run and no flow conditioner ...

Purpose: Spirometry which requires maximum effort tasks COPD patients. In this study, we purposed another method for evaluation of spirometric severity in COPD using dynamic chest X-ray examination without effort breathing.. Subjects: Dynamic chest X-ray from 29 normal volunteers, 13 mild COPD patients (GOLD 1 and 2) and 24 severe COPD patients (GOLD 3 and 4) were obtained in the upright position in about 10 seconds of tidal breathing at rest. The dynamic image data captured at 7.5 frames per second was synchronized with the pulsed X-ray. The institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained in all persons.. Methods: We calculated the maximum tidal peak flow rate in each ventilation phase at the corresponding small local area of lung in the series of dynamic chest X-ray. And we created the normal template of the maximum tidal peak flow rate from the data of normal volunteers. The regional relative flow rate ratio was obtained from the peak values of inspiratory phase ...

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Our study shows that guided self management reduced by half or more the number of incidents caused by asthma when compared with traditional treatment. The difference became evident early during the follow up and increased during the study year. Patients with severe asthma were not included because most patients with severe asthma already have a peak flow meter and do practise some kind of self management. As a consequence hospital admissions were few in both study groups.. Antibiotics were used significantly more often in the traditional treatment group than in the self management group, suggesting that during exacerbations a false diagnosis of bacterial infection is easily made, leading to unnecessary use of antibiotics. Compared with viral infections, the role of bacterial infections is minimal in exacerbations of asthma.15 16 The early introduction of anti-inflammatory treatment during exacerbations in our self management group probably reduced useless antibiotic treatment.. The usefulness of ...

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.t could cause minimal symptoms to severe asthma attack requiring emergency care.. Asthma cant be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled. Because asthma often changes over time, its important that you work with your doctor to track your signs and symptoms and adjust treatment as needed. Your physician can do pulmonary function test or spirometry to evaluate lung function.. Usual treatment includes avoiding allergens which exacerbate symptoms, use of inhalers and oral medication. Peak flow meter is a small device you can keep at home to monitor lung function and seek help if there is asignificant decline in lung function.. ...

This type of medication is taken daily (even if you are not experiencing symptoms) and works to reduce your airway inflammation and mucus production. This makes your airways less sensitive to triggers and prevents asthma flare-ups before they happen. Not everyone with asthma needs a long-term control medication. Your healthcare provider will determine your asthma severity and whether you need one.. There are several different asthma medication delivery systems. If you take inhaled medicines, you should practice using your inhaler at your health care providers office. If you take long-term control medicines, take them daily as your health care provider prescribes. Your health care provider may also advise you to use a peak flow meter to measure and record how well your lungs are working.. Every time you use an inhaler, it is important to also use a spacer or holding chamber. This device helps get more medication into the lungs. RHA provides a free Monaghan Z Stat Anti-Static Valved Holding ...

Monitor your lung function. Check yourself for asthma symptoms. Watch for things like being short of breath, having chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Also notice if symptoms wake you up at night or if you get tired quickly when you exercise. If your doctor recommends it, measure your peak expiratory flow (PEF). A trigger may not always cause symptoms. But it can still narrow your bronchial tubes, which makes your lungs work harder. To identify triggers that do not always cause immediate symptoms, you can measure your PEF throughout the day. PEF will drop when your bronchial tubes narrow, so your PEF will drop when you are near things that trigger symptoms ...

1. Arterial plasma histamine concentrations, forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s (FEV1.0) and peak expiratory flow rate were determined in nine patients with exercise-induced asthma and in five control subjects before and after 8 min of cycle-ergometer exercise.. 2. In the controls neither FEV1.0 nor peak expiratory flow rate fell by more than 5% in any individual during the 30 min postexercise period. The asthmatic patients all experienced a fall in FEV1.0 or peak expiratory flow rate, or both, of 15% or more in the period 5-20 min after completion of the exercise.. 3. There was no difference between the control subjects and the asthmatic patients in the plasma histamine response to exercise. In both groups there was an insignificant rise of about 40% during exercise, although the initial levels were higher in the asthmatic patients.. 4. The mean plasma histamine peak of the asthmatic patients preceded the mean maximal fall of FEV1.0 and peak expiratory flow rate by approximately 15 min. However, ...

Reactivity of the small and large airways to inhaled leucotriene D4, one of the leucotrienes that constitute slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, was studied in eight patients with exogenous asthma and nine healthy subjects with no history of atopy. Non-cumulative dose response relations were constructed for leucotriene D4 in a randomised, double blind set up. Reactivity to the leucotriene was compared with reactivity to histamine in the two groups. Both groups reacted to leucotriene D4 with significant airway obstruction evident in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate, maximal expiratory flow rate at 30% of forced vital capacity estimated from a partial flow volume curve initiated at 50% of vital capacity (V30), and an increase in volume of trapped gas. The airways of the patients were significantly (p less than 0.01) more reactive to leucotriene D4 than those of the controls. The differences were in order of magnitude, 10(2)-10(3) for FEV1 but only about ...

OBJECTIVE: the criteria for disease severity established by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease are based on forced expiratory volume in I second (FEV) expressed as a percentage of the predicted value after application of a bronchodilator. This study aims to determine postbronchodilator spirometry reference values.SUBJECTS and METHODS: A cluster sample of subjects aged 40 years or over was chosen to be representative of the metropolitan areas of 5 Latin American cities (São Paulo, Mexico City, Montevideo, Santiago, and Caracas). Spirometry was performed on 5183 subjects following the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society before and after inhalation of 200 mu g of salbutamol. Multiple linear regression equations were fitted for the postbronchodilator spirometric values-FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds (FEV6), peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FEV6, FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity ...

Asthma (from the Greek άσθμα, ásthma, panting) is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic). In this section you can find medications for asthma treatment ...

Asthma (from ásthma panting) is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and peak expiratory flow rate. Asthma may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment of acute symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by inhaling corticosteroids. Leukotriene antagonists are less effective than corticosteroids and thus less preferred. Its diagnosis is usually made based on the pattern of symptoms and/or response to therapy over time. The prevalence of asthma has increased significantly since the 1970s. As of ...

TSI Flow Meters are lightweight, compact, and can measure across a wide dynamic operating range. The 5000 Series Flow Meter also incorporates configurable tube end adapters, touchscreen control, and multiple mounting options. Whether measuring gas flows in a laboratory, manufacturing, or service setting, the 5000 Series Flow Meter can adapt to fit your unique application.. Model 5230-2 low flow flow meter is ideal for research and development oxygen concentrator (R&D O2 concentrator) testing because it measures low-flow flow rate for air/O2 mix, calculates volume, provides high accuracy measurements, and comes with a built-in data logger. To learn more about this application, visit our Oxygen Concentrator Testing page.. ...

Objective. To evaluate the effects of aminophylline (Am) in children hospitalized with asthma.. Methods. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were children between the ages of 5 and 18 years admitted for asthma exacerbation to either a tertiary care childrens hospital or an innercity general hospital in New York. Exclusion criteria were admission to the intensive care unit, initial theophylline level , 5 µg/dL, or the presence of other systemic disorders. All patients received nebulized albuterol therapy and intravenous glucocorticosteroids in standardized doses. Thirty-one patients were randomized to receive either an Am bolus followed by continuous Am infusion or placebo (P) bolus and infusion. The outcome variables were: duration of hospitalization, percent of predicted peak expiratory flow rates recorded at 12-hour intervals, number of albuterol treatments required, and adverse effects.. Results. There were no significant differences at study entry in ...

en] We have compared severely obese patients (body mass index , 35 kg m-2) undergoing laparoscopic or open gastroplasty (n = 15 in each group) to determine if laparoscopy results in any benefit in the obese. Postoperative pain, measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale, and opioid consumption were recorded during the first two days after operation. Tests of pulmonary function were performed and SpO2 was measured 4 h after surgery and on days 1, 2 and 3 after operation. Pain at rest was similar in the two groups, but in the laparoscopy group, requirements for postoperative opioid were 50% less (P , 0.05). Pain intensity during mobilization and on coughing was significantly less after laparoscopy (differences between mean pain scores in both groups ranged from 20 to 32 mm during mobilization and from 32 to 34 mm during coughing). Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and peak expiratory flow rate were reduced significantly less after laparoscopic gastroplasty than after open ...

Each childs peak flow zones are based on his or her personal best peak flow. To establish your childs personal best peak flow, have your child take his or her peak flow measurement each day at the same time for 2 to 3 weeks, when the asthma is under control. The highest reading over this period of time is your childs peak flow.. Your childs provider will use peak flow and spirometer results, discussed below, to help set up your childs asthma management plan.. Your childs personal best peak flow may change over time. Talk with your childs provider about when to check for a new personal best peak flow.. ...

Wheezes occupy different portions of the respiratory cycle depending on the site of airway obstruction and its nature. The fraction of the respiratory cycle during which a wheeze is produced roughly corresponds to the degree of airway obstruction.[2][3] Bronchiolar disease usually causes wheezing that occurs in the expiratory phase of respiration. As a rule, extrathoracic airway obstruction produce inspiratory sounds. Intrathoracic major airway obstruction produces inspiratory as well as expiratory sounds. Distal airway obstruction predominantly produces expiratory sounds.[4] The presence of expiratory phase wheezing signifies that the patients peak expiratory flow rate is less than 50% of normal.[5] Wheezing heard in the inspiratory phase, on the other hand, is often a sign of a stiff stenosis, usually caused by tumors, foreign bodies or scarring. This is especially true if the wheeze is monotonal, occurs throughout the inspiratory phase (i.e. is holoinspiratory), and is heard more ...

1&2 Associate Professor of Physiology, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad. 3, 4 & 5MBBS Scholars. Abstract:. Background: Blood donation is a humanitarian act to save the lives of sick and needy patients. Repeated blood donation can have some adverse effects on overall health of repeated blood donors.. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular, respiratory and lipid profiles and study the effects of repeated blood donation among repeated blood donors. To compare these parameters with persons who never donated blood.. Method: A Hospital based, comparative, cross sectional study was conducted. Twenty males, who donated blood every three months in a year were compared against 20 age matched males who never donated blood in last one year as well as they were never been the repeated blood donors before that.. Results: The weight (Wt), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), chest expansion (CE), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell ...

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SwRIs flow meter calibration services cover a range of static pressures in natural gas pipelines and gas-fired power plants. We calibrate turbine, ultrasonic, Coriolis and orifice flow meters at our gas flow meter R&D facility.

Analyze morning and evening peak expiratory flow, pre-dose forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and pre-dose forced vital capacity. Patients recorded symptoms (dyspnea, cough, and sputum scores; nighttime awakenings caused by COPD symptoms; and use of rescue medications) in an electronic diary. ...

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Specialized calibration of gas mass flow meters and flow switches is what Fluid Components International does best. FCIs calibration lab has 18 NIST traceable precision flow stands to ensure you are getting the gas mass flow meter or flow switch calibrated to its actual published...

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ARGON, C02. The most accurate way to measure welding gas is by using a bobbin flow meter.. Machined from solid brass these flow meters feature a clear flow tube with bold markings making reading the flow rate easy. ...

The Uponor stainless steel manifold assembly, 1 with flow meter feature isolation valves, balancing valves with flow meters, supply and return ball valves with temperature gauges, and come fully assembled.

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Large-eddy Simulations (LES) have been carried out to investigate spray variability and its effect on cycle-to-cycle flow variability in a direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine under non-reacting conditions. Initial simulations were performed of an injector in a constant volume spray chamber. Detailed measurements of the spray including quantitative mixing data are used to validate a simulation spray set-up for the stepped-bore multi-hole gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector. A random seed perturbation methodology was used to generate shot-to-shot spray variability in the LES, and comparisons of both mean and standard deviations were made for quantities with sufficient experimental data. After validation, the same spray set-up was used to simulate the same injector in an optically accessible DISI engine. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were used to quantify the flow, including during the fuel injection period, which occurred during intake for the investigated operating ...

Under both CMV mode and SBT, imposed expiratory WOB increased with the increase in mean expiratory flow among patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. Levels of imposed expiratory WOB were affected by the ID of the ETT and ventilator mode. The main reason for the increased imposed expiratory WOB is the increase in RE imposed by the ETT and HME. Although ventilator-imposed RE was relatively low and was not clearly related to mean expiratory flow, the ventilator-imposed RE was very large for some patients under CMV mode. As mean expiratory flow increased, the end-expiratory Ptrach-PEEP setting increased under both CMV mode and SBT. Intrinsic PEEP caused by imposed RE would increase as mean expiratory flow increased.. Few studies have measured Ptrach during the expiratory phase in patients under mechanical ventilation. Stenqvist et al measured Ptrach directly in 10 patients under mechanical ventilation.18 Wrigge et al estimated Ptrach using Paw and flow signals in patients with acute ...

Select_Catalog_2015_EU_en_low_s6_19.pdf INLINE Flowmeter for Continuous Flow Measurement For use with fitting S030 DN15-50 mm SE30 Please see fitting S030 Envelope Dimensions mm Unique bayonet style flow meter constructed from an SE30 sensor and an see datasheet ...

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There are no bad sounds, rattling, vibrations, smoke, smells, fluid leaks, or other visible issues.. Repair attempts and speculation:. No attempts at repair has been made beyond changing the spark plugs, fuel filter and oil. OBD has not been checked (an attempt was made, but the connection failed, however this is likely a user or equipment fault).. This car has an AFM, not a MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure) sensor. A car mechanic has noted during regular service that the AFM (Air Flow Meter) needed to be cleaned in the recent past, and that it should be replaced.. I can imagine (and please correct me if this is not possible) that the AFM provides invalid or slightly skewed readings to the ECU (Engine Control Unit) at certain RPMs due to mechanical wear and other issues. When this happens, the air/fuel mixture becomes outside of what is ideal, and perhaps outside of what is even stoichiometric. This seems plausible enough to explain the issues at low and high RPM. As a bonus question, it would be ...

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New InnovaSonic 207i Liquid Ultrasonic Flow Meter Ensures Accuracy of -0.5 of Reading from 0.16 to 40 fts 0.05 to 12 ms - Apr 02, 2019 - Sierra Instruments

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An action plan is based on zones that are defined by your symptoms, your peak flow, or both. There are three zones: green, yellow, and red. Your action plan tells you what to do when you are in each zone.. Check your symptoms or your peak flow, or both, on a regular basis, and use your action plan to see what zone you are in. If you have yellow zone symptoms or if your peak flow drops below 80% of your personal best measurement, follow your action plan. To figure out what 80% of your personal best measurement is, multiply your personal best measurement by 0.80. For example, if your personal best peak flow is 400, then 80% of that is 400 times 0.80, which is 320. To figure what 50% of your personal best peak flow is, multiply your personal best measurement by 0.50. ...

Estimated Reading Time: 3 minutes. Heres what it feels like to have bronchial asthma symptoms:. Get a straw. Hold your nose, and try breathing through the straw for 15 seconds like youre drinking from a glass of lemonade.. Scary, right?. If youve never experienced an asthma attack yourself, the Straw Challenge gives you a good idea of what to expect.. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates over 235 million people worldwide suffer from asthma, and its the most common long-term disease children experience (1). But adults can experience severe asthma, too.. In this post, youll learn the major bronchial asthma symptoms, risk factors, and asthma triggers to look out for. Plus, well cover natural asthma treatment techniques you can use to keep your symptoms in check.. Lets take a look.. ...

Lung function peak flow chart spirometry and reversibility testing british foundation an obstructive pattern is typical if you have a conditions that narrow diagram | Nationalphlebotomycollege

High engine speeds and loads: port injection and direct injection for high fuel flow volume. The FA20D engine used a hot-wire, slot-in type air flow meter to measure intake mass - this meter allowed a portion of intake air to flow through the detection area so that the air mass and flow rate could be measured directly. The mass air flow meter .... Get Price ...

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The Primary Calibrator 4046 has a range of 2.5 to 300 liters per minute (lpm). This small, portable, battery-operated unit is lightweight and easy to use. Volumetric flowrate is displayed continuously so adjustments to pump flow can be made in real-time. This primary calibrator is accurate to +/- 2% of reading ...

The Primary Calibrator 4046 has a range of 2.5 to 300 liters per minute (lpm). This small, portable, battery-operated unit is lightweight and easy to use. Volumetric flowrate is displayed continuously so adjustments to pump flow can be made in real-time. This primary calibrator is accurate to +/- 2% of reading ...

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UV index forecasts are issued every 3 days each year from April to September by BfS, in cooperation with the Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Germanys National Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) and other associated institutions. The UV index is the internationally standardised measure of the daily peak value of erythemal UV radiation expected to reach the Earths surface. The higher the UVI value, the less time it takes for sunburn to occur on unprotected skin.. ...

Emerson Micro Motion Coriolis Meters provide peace of mind for product that is scheduled for sale, meet Measurement Canada requirements, and offer simple ways to prove the calibration of the meter. Our magnetic flow meter provides a reliable flow solution for water-based or conductive fluids. Both technologies easily integrate into any business system, providing advanced diagnostics that can be used for predictive maintenance and further insight into your process.. ...

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The gold standard for tracking the variable airway obstruction level is to measure peak flow (PEF). Unfortunately the adherence levels to PEF monitoring have been shown to be as low as 9%³ and even when PEF data is presented to clinicians, PEF diary fabrication has been shown to be as high as 60%⁴ ...

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Haen, E.; Hauck, R.; Emslander, H.-P.; Langenmayer, Irmgard; Liebl, B.; Schopohl, J.; Remien, J. und Fruhmann, G. (1991): Nocturnal asthma. Beta2-adrenoceptors on peripheral mononuclear leukocytes, cAMP- and cortisol-plasma concentrations. In: Chest, Vol. 100, Nr. 5: S. 1239-1245 [PDF, 1MB] ...

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Analysis for heat flow meter data 1: Sample Size = 195 2: Location Mean = 9.26146 Standard Deviation of Mean = 0.001632 95 % Confidence Interval for Mean = (9.258242,9.264679) Drift with respect to location? = NO 3: Variation Standard Deviation = 0.022789 95 % Confidence Interval for SD = (0.02073,0.025307) Drift with respect to variation? (based on Bartletts test on quarters of the data) = NO 4: Randomness Autocorrelation = 0.280579 Data are Random? (as measured by autocorrelation) = NO 5: Data are Normal? (as tested by Anderson-Darling) = YES (as tested by Normal PPCC) = YES 6: Statistical Control (i.e., no drift in location or scale, data are random, distribution is fixed, here we are testing only for fixed normal) Data Set is in Statistical Control? = YES 7: Outliers? (as determined by Grubbs test) = NO ...