Collagen-like proteins containing glycine-X-Y repeats have been identified in several pathogenic bacteria potentially involved in virulence. Recently, a collagen-like surface protein, Pcl1a, was identified in Pasteuria ramosa, a spore-forming parasite of Daphnia. Here we characterise 37 novel putative P. ramosa collagen-like protein genes (PCLs). PCR amplification and sequencing across 10 P. ramosa strains showed they were polymorphic, distinguishing genotypes matching known differences in Daphnia/P. ramosa interaction specificity. Thirty PCLs could be divided into four groups based on sequence similarity, conserved N- and C-terminal regions and G-X-Y repeat structure. Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 PCLs formed triplets within the genome, with one member from each group represented in each triplet. Maximum-likelihood trees suggested that these groups arose through multiple instances of triplet duplication. For Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 PCLs, X was typically proline and Y typically threonine, consistent ...

3. Evolution of Multi-Host Parasites and Effects on Invasive Species We have recently begun studying multihost parasites; most parasites can infect multiple host species. While this can be challenging to study in many cases, Daphnia are well-suited to studies addressing how parasites deal with trying to infect multiple host species. Our work on multihost parasites has, to date, focused on the bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa. This parasite can infect multiple host species (e.g., Duffy et al. 2010). In Georgia, Pasteuria appears to have shifted to infect a novel host, the invasive Daphnia lumholtzi. We will study how parasites evolve after shifting to a novel host and how parasitism influences the population dynamics of indigenous and non-indigenous hosts. This links with earlier work in which we asked how parasites might influence invasive species (Kestrup et al. 2011). ...

The patterns of immunity conferred by host sex or age represent two sources of host heterogeneity that can potentially shape the evolutionary trajectory of disease. With each host sex or age encountered, a pathogens optimal exploitative strategy may change, leading to considerable variation in expression of pathogen transmission and virulence. To date, these host characteristics have been studied in the context of host fitness alone, overlooking the effects of host sex and age on the fundamental virulence-transmission trade-off faced by pathogens. Here we explicitly address the interaction of these characteristics and find that host sex and age at exposure to a pathogen affect age-specific patterns of mortality and the balance between pathogen transmission and virulence. When infecting age-structured male and female Daphnia magna with different genotypes of Pasteuria ramosa, we found that infection increased mortality rates across all age classes for females, whereas mortality only increased in ...

I want families to understand that when they bring a new kitten home, the concern should not just be for the health of the kitten but for YOUR ENTIRE FAMILY! I have helped dozens of catteries around the United States to clean up the diseases they didnt realize they had. I am not only a Bengal breeder but I am a Registered nurse and keeping families safe and healthy is a primary concern when I breed. Years ago I started sending out full fecal panels on all my cats and I was shocked at what I found. I encouraged other breeders to do the same and I can tell you with 100% certainty that puppies and kitten can get your families sick if the breeders are not testing their cats. Zoologix.com is a lab that will perform a test on stool from cats/dogs and will check for DNA of bacterial parasites that can make your cat and family sick. In 2019 I purchased 4 new Bengals for my program and every single one of them tested positive for Giardia. Giardia can spread to family members and other household pets. I ...

Local parasite pressures and host genotype modulate epigenetic diversity in a mixed‐mating fish / Waldir Miron Berbel Filho; Carlos Garcia De Leaniz; Paloma Morán; Joanne Cable; Sergio M. Q. Lima; Sofia Consuegra del Olmo ...

Genus Palauastrea Yabe & Sagiyama 1941. One species, P. ramosa. Pacific in shallow, sandy bottoms. A rarity in the ornamental trade, with star-shaped corallites, blunt ending branches. This genus has also been placed by Veron (2000) in the new family Astrocoeniidae. Sipadan ...

rdf:RDF xmlns:dcterms=http://purl.org/dc/terms/ xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# xmlns:bibo=http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/ xmlns:dspace=http://digital-repositories.org/ontologies/dspace/0.1.0# xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ xmlns:void=http://rdfs.org/ns/void# xmlns:xsd=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# , ,rdf:Description rdf:about=https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/rdf/resource/123456789/17951, ,dcterms:abstract xml:lang=eng,Small filter-feeding zooplankton organisms like the cladoceran Daphnia spp. are key members of freshwater food webs. Although several interactions between Daphnia and bacteria have been investigated, the importance of the microbial communities inside Daphnia guts has been studied only poorly so far. In the present study, we characterised the bacterial community composition inside the digestive tract of a laboratory-reared clonal culture of Daphnia magna using 16S rRNA gene libraries and ...

This chapter on Pasteuria spp. highlights Metchnikoff's thinking that Pasteuria spp. was able to undergo as many as five longitudinal divisions at the same time, giving it a characteristic fan shape. Germination of P. penetrans endospores occurs about 6 to 8 days after the endospore-encumbered nematode enters the plant root and begins to feed. The germ tube emerges through a central opening in the basal attachment layer and penetrates the cuticle of the nematode. After entering the hypodermal tissue of the nematode, the germ tube develops into a filamentous microcolony consisting of a dichotomously branched septate mycelium. Close scrutiny of the vegetative stage reveals its bacterial nature. The current inability to axenically cultivate these bacteria is not from any lack of trying. Even Metchnikoff mentioned his attempts at cultivation with gelatin, glycerin gels, and other nutrient media. The diversity in fine structures of sporangia has been exploited as a means of separating the several

There is considerable interest in the pathways by which carbon and growth-limiting elemental and biochemical nutrients are supplied to upper trophic levels. Fatty acids and sterols are among the most important molecules transferred across the plant-animal interface of food webs. In lake ecosystems, in addition to phytoplankton, bacteria and terrestrial organic matter are potential trophic resources for zooplankton, especially in those receiving high terrestrial organic matter inputs. We therefore tested carbon, nitrogen, and fatty acid assimilation by the crustacean Daphnia magna when consuming these resources. We fed Daphnia with monospecific diets of high-quality (Cryptomonas marssonii) and intermediate-quality (Chlamydomonas sp. and Scenedesmus gracilis) phytoplankton species, two heterotrophic bacterial strains, and particles from the globally dispersed riparian grass, Phragmites australis, representing terrestrial particulate organic carbon (t-POC). We also fed Daphnia with various mixed ...

A study was performed to assess the effects of a chronic exposure to test item NOPOL on the reproduction of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. The method followed was designed to be compliant with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 211, Daphnia magna, Reproduction Test, referenced as Method C.20 of Commission Regulation No. 440/2008. Based on the results of an acute toxicity test on D. magna (LPL Project D12 -002; 48h-EC50= 28.8 mg.L-1) and on QSAR predictions (iSafeRat: 21d-NOEC = 1.17 mg.L-1), daphnids were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test item at the required nominal test concentrations of 0.5, 1.2, 2.7, 6.4 and 15 mg test item.L-1and to an untreated control for a total period of 21 days in closed vessels. Each treatment group consisted of 10 replicates each of one Daphnia magna (one individual per replicate). The test media was renewed three times a week and the daphnids were fed five days a week. Effects on reproductive performance were investigated by ...

Free Online Library: Embryotoxicity of the Alkylphenol Degradation Product 4-Nonylphenol to the Crustacean Daphnia magna. by Environmental Health Perspectives; Health, general Environmental issues

Persistence OECD guideline 301F: The results showed that propofol is not biodegradable, with ,5% biodegradation after 28 days. However, ,91% removal of propofol from the aqueous phase was observed, which was noted at the time as being possibly due to adsorption to the solid phase.. ISO Guideline 11734: The results showed that propofol was not biodegradable under the anaerobic conditions of the test, although a degree of elimination was observed.. The medicine is potentially persistent.. Bioaccumulation: Log P = 3.9 (at pH 8). BCF 28 D = 27 (at 2 μg/L) and 28 D = 26 (at 0.2 μg/L).. Toxicity: There are data for 3 trophic levels, most sensitive crustacean (Daphnia magna) NOEC chronic toxicity 230 microg/L. ...

Author Summary Coevolution between hosts and parasites is believed to be central to a number of biological phenomena, most notably the observed patterns of biodiversity and the origins of sexual reproduction. However, classical mathematical models of host-parasite coevolution account neither for the hosts use of bacterial symbionts for protection from parasites, nor for the potential and observed complexity of genetic interactions between the coevolving species. In this article we address both challenges by simulating a large number of models of host-symbiont-parasite coevolution based on randomly generated genotype interaction patterns. We demonstrate that the degree of

Acute Toxicity Evaluation to Daphnia magna of Disease Resistant(OsCK1) Rice - Daphnia magna;Disease resistant transgenic rice;Risk assessment;

Evolutionary dynamics of hosts and their parasites are complex processes. In order to study these processes on genotype level, reliable molecular tools have to be developed. The goal of this thesis was to develop such tools for freshwater crustaceans - Daphnia longispina species complex and its parasites. On one hand, from the host side - an interspecific hybridization plays an important role. For tracing community dynamics and reticulate evolution in such a hybrid species complex, long-term comparative studies of natural populations are necessary. In order to conduct such a study, it is essential to access historical samples. These samples are usually suffering from low DNA quality due to the preservation chemical such as formaldehyde or denaturated ethanol, therefore traditional genotyping through length-based markers (such as microsatellites or allozymes) proved to be insufficient. For circumventing these issues, SNP- based markers were developed. Based on transcriptome data of one species ...

Predation is a primary force driving adaptation in prey. When predatory threats are fluctuating in natural environments, inducible defences may evolve in prey organisms. For example, behavioural adaptations reduce the chance of predator encounter and life-history changes increase survival chances under size selective predation [1]. Prominent examples of inducible defences are the various defensive morphological traits observed in the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia. Several Daphnia species display spectacular morphological defences [2,3] including crowns of thorns [4], spines [5], crests [6] and helmets [7-9]. All these defensive strategies are induced via predator-specific chemical cues known as kairomones. The chemical perception of kairomones initiates a series of internal physiological reactions including neuronal signal integration [10] and subsequent conversion into endocrine agents [11-13]. These substances in turn modulate developmental changes, which result in the growth of a ...

Background The cladoceran crustacean Daphnia pulexproduces female offspring by parthenogenesis under favorable conditions, but in response to various unfavorable external stimuli, it produces male...

Reproductive Manipulations on ParasitoidsTransmitted through the reproductive systems of insects, crustaceans, mites and nematode worms, the Wolbachia is endocellular bacteria whose interactions between the host and itself are far from mutualistic (Hur...

DSM -5 includes a number of statements concerning the biology and genetics of mental disorders, and these represent a significant landmark in the history of psychiatry. According to DSM-5, there are no laboratory tests, x-rays, or other biological markers for any mental disorder; there is no physiological specificity to any mental disorder; there is no genetic specificity to any mental disorder; and there is no symptom specificity to DSM-5 disorders. DSM-5 disorders, according to the manual, have porous boundaries with each other, have high rates of comorbidity, and fluctuate a great deal over time. The risk genes for mental disorders number in the hundreds, each contributes perhaps l%-2% to the overall risk, and the same genes confer risk for multiple DSM-5 categories of disorder. The idea that DSM disorders are separate diseases with distinct pathophysiologies has been disconfirmed by the DSM-5, and therefore by the American Psychiatric Association, as it has by the National Institutes of ...

WALSER, B. and HAAG, C. R. (2012), Strong intraspecific variation in genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in Daphnia magna: the effects of population turnover and population size. Molecular Ecology, 21: 851-861. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05416.x ...

Lipidomics, an under-utilised and rapidly developing field aims to identify the full complement of hydrophobic constituents in a cell, tissue or organism. Lipid peroxidation, a major consequence of oxidative stress, represents a mechanistically illuminating marker for numerous toxicants. Lipidomics offers the ideal technique to acquire a greater level of mechanistic detail compared to currently utilised methodologies. Here, I present a study into lipid peroxidation from simple in vitro models to complex in vivo systems utilising mass spectrometric techniques. Initially, oxidised products from a systematic range of phospholipids were induced and comprehensively annotated to allow the development of OxyLipidBlast. This is the first tool facilitating the identification of oxidised lipids and provides utility to numerous fields. Secondly I present the first annotated lipidome of the keystone ecotoxicological species Daphnia magna and the first annotated lipidome of algal species Chlamydomonas ...

slyyy writes The Universtiy of Rochester has discovered the complete genome of a bacterial parasite inside the genome of the host species. This opens the possibility of exchanging DNA between unrelated species and changing our understanding of the evolutionary process. From the article: Before thi...

Hey all, I was wondering if any of you guys out there feed Daphnia, White worms or Grindals worms to your forgs? with good success.

Though only occurring rarely, synergistic interactions between chemicals in mixtures have long been a point of focus. Most studies analyzing synergistic interactions used unrealistically high chemical concentrations. The aim of the present study is to determine the threshold concentration below which proven synergists cease to act as synergists towards the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna. To do this, we compared several approaches and test-setups to evaluate which approach gives the most conservative estimate for the lower threshold for synergy for three known azole synergists. We focus on synergistic interactions between the pyrethroid insecticide, alpha-cypermethrin, and one of the three azole fungicides prochloraz, propiconazole or epoxiconazole measured on Daphnia magna immobilization. Three different experimental setups were applied: A standard 48h acute toxicity test, an adapted 48h test using passive dosing for constant chemical exposure concentrations, and a 14-day test. Synergy was ...

Cry-toxin genes originating from Bacillus thuringiensis are inserted into genetically modified (GM) plants, often called Bt-plants, to provide insect resistance to pests. Significant amounts of Bt-plant residues, and thus Cry-toxins, will be shed to soil and aquatic environments. We exposed Daphnia magna to purified Cry1Ab and Cry2Aa toxins for the full life-span of the animals. We used single toxins in different doses and combinations of toxins and Roundup, another potential stressor on the rise in agricultural ecosystems. Animals exposed to 4.5 mg/L (ppm) of Cry1Ab, Cry2Aa and the combination of both showed markedly higher mortality, smaller body size and very low juvenile production compared to controls. Animals exposed to 0.75 mg/L also showed a tendency towards increased mortality but with increased early fecundity compared to the controls. Roundup stimulated animals to strong early reproductive output at the cost of later rapid mortality. We conclude that i) purified Cry-toxins in high ...

This Iowan eighth-grader turned her love of nature into a long-term study of water pollution. Shes continuing to investigate the mysterious growths that have formed on her Daphnia magna.

Infecting mosquitoes with a bacterial parasite could help prevent the spread of lymphatic filariasis, one of the major neglected tropical diseases of the developing world.

4. Muhlenbergia ramosa (Hackel ex Matsumura) Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 1(4): 13. 1917. 多枝乱子草 duo zhi luan zi cao Muhlenbergia japonica Steudel var. ramosa Hackel ex Matsumura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: 444. 1897; M. frondosa (Poiret) Fernald subsp. ramosa (Hackel ex Matsumura) T. Koyama & Kawano.. Plants with creeping scaly rhizomes; rhizomes 11-30 × ca. 0.2 cm. Culms usually erect, 30-120 cm tall, 1-2.5 mm thick, with many branches in upper part. Leaf sheaths loosely overlapping, glabrous; leaf blades 5-12 × 0.3-0.6 cm, flat, thinner, scabrid on both surfaces and margins; ligule ca. 0.5 mm, truncate. Panicle 10-18 cm, narrow; branches one or two per node, usually with spikelets to the base. Spikelets narrowly lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, purplish gray-green; glumes 1.5-2.2 mm with lower glume usually shorter than the upper, broadly lanceolate, 1-veined, apex acute to acuminate; lemma 2.5-3.1 mm, lower 1/4 of back pilose; awn 5-10 mm, gray-green or purple, scabrid. Anthers ca. 0.5 mm. Caryopsis ca. ...

It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. - Lewis Carroll in Through the Looking-Glass http://astore.amazon.com/spectrevision-20/detail/0525951113 Let me tell you the story of the most successful organism of all time: this is the story of the parasite. Early on, evolution branched into two distinct paths: independent organisms-those that exist…

Partial purification and characterization of serine protease activity in platelets and platelet releasates from patients with Quebec platelet disorder Conference Paper ...

Studies of parasite population dynamics in natural systems are crucial for our understanding of host-parasite coevolutionary processes. Some field studies have reported that host genotype frequencies in natural populations change over time according to parasite-driven negative frequency-dependent selection. However, the temporal patterns of parasite genotypes have rarely been investigated. Moreover, parasite-driven negative frequency-dependent selection is contingent on the existence of genetic specificity between hosts and parasites. In the present study, the population dynamics and host-genotype specificity of the ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili, a common endoparasite of Daphnia water fleas, were analysed based on the observed sequence variation in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA. The Daphnia population of lake Greifensee (Switzerland) was sampled and subjected to parasite screening and host genotyping during C. mesnili epidemics of four consecutive years. ...

The primary objective of the test is to assess the effect of chemicals on the rate of reproduction of Daphnia magna. The concentrations used in the study are based on the results of an acute immobilisation test. The duration of the study is 21 days and the number of offspring produced, together with adult and juvenile survival, is reported. A semi-static system is recommended and the frequency of test media renewal depends on the stability of the substance. The study is started with juveniles which are female and start to produce live young by parthenogenesis after about 7 days.. Juvenile production is compared to that of the controls to determine the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no effect concentration (NOEC) in addition of the EC50. Other adverse effects are recorded such as abnormal development of juveniles in the brood pouch (white eggs). Shedding of un-hatched eggs, presence of male Daphnia, ephippial eggs and differences in the size of adults at the end of the test ...

474. Bianchini, A. and Wood, C.M. (2008) Sodium uptake in different life stages of crustaceans: The water flea Daphnia magna Strauss. J. Exp. Biol. 211 pp: 539-547. (PDF). ...

During their aquatic life cycle, nanoparticles are subject to environmentally driven surface modifications (e.g. agglomeration or coating) associated with aging. Although the ecotoxicological potential of nanoparticles might be affected by these processes, only limited information about the potential impact of aging is available. In this context, the present study investigated acute (96 h) and chronic (21 d) implications of systematically aged titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2; ~90 nm) on the standard test species Daphnia magna by following the respective test guidelines. The nTiO2 were aged for 0, 1, 3 and 6 d in media with varying ionic strengths (Milli-Q water: approx. 0.00 mmol/L and ASTM: 9.25 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of natural organic matter (NOM). Irrespective of the other parameters, aging in Milli-Q did not change the acute toxicity relative to an unaged control. In contrast, 6 d aged nTiO2 in ASTM without NOM caused a fourfold decreased acute toxicity. Relative to the 0 d aged

Craig, Douglas Charles (1995) An ecotoxicological test utilizing heart rate in Daphnia magna and D. pulex, with comparisons to traditional testing methods. Masters thesis, Concordia University. ...

Symptoms of infection include reduced fecundity (in D. magna) [4]. Infection in other animals, for example, prawn and salmon, produces symptoms including altered tissue coloration, edema, inflammation in muscles, swollen organs, necrotic lesions, and early death [2][3]. The prawn contained yeast at approximately 10(8) to 10(9) colony forming units per 100 mg of tissue [3]. Susceptibility to infection varies across host genotypes. M. bicuspidata kills one host, D. magna, in 7-25 days (average = 17.5 days); for comparison a healthy D. magna typically lives 40-80 days [4]. Virulence depends on the quality of food eaten by the host Daphnia [5]. When feed more food or good-quality food, infection proceeds more rapidly and Daphnia die faster [5]. When food quality or quantity is low, infected Daphnia survive for a longer period of time [5]. Upon death due to infection, Daphnia may yield 10,000 to 70,000 spores per individual [8]. Transmission is horizontal, meaning infection occurs within a host ...

CLARIVA™ is a seed treatment nematicide that offers soybean growers revolutionary control of soybean cyst nematode (SCN). Through its active ingredient Pasteuria nishizawae, an obligate parasite of the nematode, CLARIVA™ delivers a direct mode of action that is lethal to SCN.

Red Queen To Gryphon Three is a music studio album recording by GRYPHON (Prog Folk/Progressive Rock) released in 1974 on cd, lp / vinyl and/or cassette. This page includes Red Queen To Gryphon Threes : cover picture, songs / tracks list, members/musicians and line-up, different releases details, free MP3 download (stream), buy online links: amazon, ratings and detailled reviews by our experts, collaborators and members.

Two reliable acute toxicity studies for the category member HMD with Daphnia magna are available. pH-values of both studies were in the range recommended by OECD 202. Both are considered as reliability category 2 despite the lack of chemical analysis as the substance would be relatively stable in an aqueous solution within a period of 48 hours. The 48h-EC50 of 19.8 mg/L reported for HMD in the study performed by Stahl & Wetzel (1985, No. 303-85) is lower than the EC50(48 h, Daphnia magna) of 50 mg/L determined for the same substance by Ziegenfuss & Adams (1984, No. ESC-EAG-84-8). There are no obvious reasons to prefer either of these studies. On the other hand, an EC50(48 h) of 27 mg/L from a supporting study is available (performed by MITI Japan, 2002, not assignable due to missing documentation). This latter result corroborates the recommendation of REACH guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment, part R.10 to take the geometric mean from both EC50-values of the two ...

Haase D, Rieger J K, Witten A, Stoll M, Bornberg-Bauer E, Kalbe M, Reusch T B H (2014); PLoS One., 9(9):e108001. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108001. ...

I was reading a rant on another site about how pretentious it is for intellectuals and pseudo-intellectuals to tell the world about their media diets and it got me thinking--well, angsting--about my scientific media diet. And then almost immediately I thought, Hey, what am I afraid of? I should just go tell the truth about…

My legs move on their own, swinging out in a maneuver Ive used in the back alleys of the Stilts a hundred times. Even on Kilorn once or twice. My foot connects with her leg, sweeping it out from under her, and she crashes to the floor next to me. Im on her in a second, despite the exploding pain in my back. My hands crackle with hot energy, even as they collide against her face. Pain sears through my knuckle-bones but I keep going, wanting to see sweet silverblood. ...

A new analytical pipeline disentangles associations between human host genotype and gut microbiome variation in 3 distinct cohorts

i have come across articles saying that daphnia posess no cardiac gangalion and therefore resemble myogenic hearts of the vertebrates. Im a little confused from this information. Your help would be appreciated ...

Plus in addition, ought to they? What I mean is will the fish eat the Daphnia plus get sick? I want to clean my little (2) Goldfishs aquarium (16 gallons) of green water algae ...

BACKGROUND: Shotgun sequences of DNA extracts from whole organisms allow a comprehensive assessment of possible symbionts. The current project makes use of four shotgun datasets from three species of the planktonic freshwater crustaceans Daphnia: one dataset from clones of D. pulex and D. pulicaria and two datasets from one clone of D. magna. We analyzed these datasets with three aims: First, we search for bacterial symbionts, which are present in all three species. Second, we search for evidence for Cyanobacteria and plastids, which had been suggested to occur as symbionts in a related Daphnia species. Third, we compare the metacommunities revealed by two different 454 pyrosequencing methods (GS 20 and GS FLX). RESULTS: In all datasets we found evidence for a large number of bacteria belonging to diverse taxa. The vast majority of these were Proteobacteria. Of those, most sequences were assigned to different genera of the Betaproteobacteria family Comamonadaceae. Other taxa represented in all ...

We reconstructed the genetic structure of a planktonic crustacean Daphnia longispina living in high mountain lakes and ponds in the Pyrenees to investigate whether it was shaped by persistent founder effects originating shortly after the last glacial maximum or by ongoing dispersal and effective migration (gene flow). We found that the genetic structure can largely be explained by a single colonization event following gradual deglaciation of the Pyrenees c. 10-15 000 years ago. Nuclear genetic diversity declined steeply from southeast to northwest, suggestive of serial colonization of available habitats with advancing deglaciation. The spatial genetic structure suggests that founder effects were major determinants of the present-day diversity, both at the catchment level and at the level of individual water bodies, further supporting extremely low effective migration rates. This study reveals a prime example of a founder effect that is both long-lasting and maintained at small spatial scales. ...

Microbial polysaccharides, due to their unique physiochemical properties, have found application in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmacy and medicine. In the environment, microbes can use polysaccharides to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals in their close proximity. This adaptive property shows interesting potential for bioremediation. Herein, the effects of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) levan, produced by the bacterium Bacillus licheniformis NS032 and pullulan, produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans CH-1 in the presence of copper (Cu2+) have been investigated for the first time on antioxidant enzyme activity, respiration and Cu2+ bioaccumulation of Daphnia magna as well as the bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri. Both EPS decreased toxicity of Cu2+ in the acute test with D. magna. The activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly diminished after acute exposure to Cu2+ in comparison to treatments with Cu2+ and EPS, while in the prolonged acute exposure the CAT activ...ity did ...

This study examined the interactions between Daphnia magna and a water-soluble, lysophophatidylcholine coated single-walled carbon nanotube. D. magna were able to ingest the nanotubes through normal feeding behavior and utilize the lysophophatidylcho

Citation Smith CM, Proulx MK, Olive AJ, Laddy D, Mishra BB, Moss C, Gutierrez NM, Bellerose MM, Barreira-Silva P, Phuah JY, Baker RE, Behar SM, Kornfeld H, Evans TG, Beamer G, Sassetti CM. 2016. Tuberculosis susceptibility and vaccine protection are independently controlled by host genotype. mBio 7(5):e01516-16. doi:10.1128/mBio.01516-16. ...

Short-term toxicity to fish In a static limit test system a 96h-LC0 of ≥ 100 mg/L was determined on Danio rerio related to nominal concentration. Analytical monitoring was carried out and the nominal concentrations were confirmed. As a consequence it can be concluded the 96h-LC50 is , 100 mg/L. The test was conducted according to the Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method C.1 Acute toxicity for Fish (2008) which is in most parts equivalent to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity Test (1992). Short-term toxicity to Daphnia Daphnia magna was investigated in a static limit test in accordance with the Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, Method C.2 Acute toxicity for Daphnia which is equivalent to OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 202. Acute Immobilisation Test (adopted April 13, 2004). No toxic effect was observed and a 48h-EC50 of ,100 mg/L was received. The LC50-value relates to nominal concentration as effective concentrations ...

Article A Test of the Additivity of Acute Toxicity of Binary‐Metal Mixtures of Ni with Cd, Cu, and Zn to Daphnia Magna, Using the Inflection Point of the ...