USDA APHIS | Johnes Disease
Johnes disease (pronounced yo-knees) is a contagious, chronic and usually fatal infection that affects primarily the small intestine of ruminants. All ruminants are susceptible to Johnes disease. Johnes disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, a hardy bacteria related to the agents of leprosy and tuberculosis. The disease is worldwide in distribution.. A national study of US dairies, Dairy NAHMS 96, found that approximately 22 percent of US dairy farms have at least 10% of the herd infected with Johnes disease. The study determined that infected herds experience an average loss of $40 per cow in herds with a low Johnes disease clinical cull rate while herds with a high Johnes disease clinical cull rate lost on average of $227. This loss was due to reduced milk production, early culling, and poor conditioning at culling. The cost of Johnes disease in beef herds still need to be determined.. ...
ParaTB pages:- Does Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cause Crohns disease?
Since Crohns disease was first recognised in the early part of the twentieth century, it has been theorised that the disease is caused by a bacterial infection, with the principal suspect being mycobacteria, and more specifically in recent times, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Recently, research is making advances in understanding this organism, and is indicating more and more that at least some cases of Crohns disease, if not all, are caused by paratuberculosis infection. Most importantly, the majority of Crohns patients treated with antibiotic treatment which has activity against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis go into clinical remission. This is important information for sufferers of Crohns disease, because Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is endemic in foods derived from cattle in most areas of the western world. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis causes a chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in cattle, and many other species, which is similar to Crohns disease. In some countries, the ...
Agar gel immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of clinical paratuberculosis in cattle | IslandScholar
During a 19-month period, the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was used as an aid in differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis in 51 cattle with a history of chronic weight loss and/or chronic diarrhea. Thirty-three cattle were AGID test-positive for paratuberculosis. Twenty-eight cattle (87.5%) yielded Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bacterial culture of feces. Four cattle were confirmed as having paratuberculosis on necropsy. One had a negative fecal culture but was lost to follow-up. Show moreDuring a 19-month period, the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was used as an aid in differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis in 51 cattle with a history of chronic weight loss and/or chronic diarrhea. Thirty-three cattle were AGID test-positive for paratuberculosis. Twenty-eight cattle (87.5%) yielded Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bacterial culture of feces. Four cattle were confirmed as having paratuberculosis on necropsy. One had a negative fecal culture but was lost to follow-up. ...
USDA APHIS | Preventing Introduction of Johnes Disease
Disease Information. Johnes disease usually enters a herd when healthy but infected animals are introduced to the herd. Herds that are not infected should take precautions against introduction of Johnes disease. Such precautions include keeping a closed herd, or requiring replacement animals come from test negative herds. In 1998, the United States Animal Health Association approved the Voluntary Johnes Disease Herd Status Program for Cattle (VJDHSP). The VJDHSP provides testing guidelines for States to use to identify cattle herds as low risk for Johnes disease infection. With numerous tests over several years, herds progress to higher status levels. The higher the status level, the more likely a herd is not infected with Johnes disease. In April of 2002, USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services-Veterinary Service incorporated portions of this program into its national program standards: Uniform Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johnes Disease Control Program (VBJDCP). ...
Farm Health Online - Animal Health and Welfare Knowledge Hub - Johnes Disease
Johnes Disease in Cattle Also known as: Mycobacterium johnei, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Paratuberculosis Johnes disease is an infectious, progressive, gastrointestinal disease that affects cattle and other ruminants, with calves becoming infected mainly during the first six months of lif...
Johnes Disease - eXtension
What is Johnes Disease? Johnes (YO-neez) disease is a chronic wasting disease of ruminants caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium...
15/09/2021
The C (cattle) strain of Johnes Disease, which had previously been undetected in WA, has been discovered in an eight-year old home bred animal, indicating the disease has been present in that herd for at least eight years.. The S (sheep) strain of Johnes Disease has also been detected in several WA cattle herds.. The WA Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development has stated that as many as 480 herds could have been infected as a result of the detection in WA. While no details on the source of the detection have been revealed, the large number of potentially infected herds suggests the detection occurred in a large seedstock herd.. BJD can cause chronic wasting and diarrhoea in infected cattle and death in some instances. However the devastating costs of rules requiring the disease to be eradicated which were borne out in Queensland in late 2012 led most States and Territories to decide to live with BJD and allow producers to manage the disease at an individual herd level. ...
Prevalence and spectrum of Johnes disease lesions in cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs in Kampala, Uganda | SpringerLink
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Johnes disease (JD) lesions in Ugandan cattle slaughtered at two of the main abattoirs in Kampala. Ileocaecal junction and
Johnes disease frequently asked questions - Farm Biosecurity
Over the past 12 months, all herds were given a J-BAS Transition Score based on the zones they were in under the old system. Herds in NSW, Qld, NT and northern SA were given a transition score of J-BAS 7, as were herds known as Beef Only. All herds in WA were given a transition score of J-BAS 8. These transition scores expire on 30 June 2017.. Without an on-farm biosecurity plan 1 July 2017, herds with a transition score of 7 or 8 will become J-BAS 6.. (Herds which have had a clinical case of Johnes disease within the last five years are not eligible for the default score of 6 and will transition to a score 0, 2 or 4 depending on the time since the last clinical case.). In an important update, producers have an opportunity to return their herds to J-BAS 7 or 8 by implementing a biosecurity plan straight away (overseen and signed by their veterinarian) and conducting the first of their triennial check-tests by 30 June 2018 with clear results.. ...
Prionics gets extended permission for Parachek®: USDA approves a Johnes disease test for bovine milk for the first time |...
Zurich (ots) - Prionics, a world leader in farm animal diagnostics, has received approval for the extended use of its Johnes disease test Parachek®. With the original test...
Pan Genome Systems searching for money to fund new Johnes disease vaccine | FiercePharma
Wisconsin-based Pan Genome Systems is looking for up to $2 million in funding to conduct trials for its live attenuated vaccine to combat Johnes disease.
2007 - Johnes Disease Sydney
If you would like a copy of a scientific paper please send us a request using the form below citing the specific reference: Dhand, N. K., Eppleston, J., Whittington, R. J.Toribio, J. A. (2007). Risk factors for ovine Johnes disease in infected sheep flocks in Australia. Prev Vet Med 82, 51-71. Eamens, G. J., Turner, M.…
Johnes disease : some facts by G M. Robertson
Robertson, G M. (1982) Johnes disease : some facts, Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4: Vol. 23 : No. 4 , Article 3 ...
Microbiology] Call for Applications: NIMBioS Investigative Workshop Modeling Johnes Disease
The National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) is now accepting applications for its *Modeling Johnes Disease Investigative Workshop *to be held July 6-8, 2011, at NIMBioS. *Objectives: *Johnes disease (JD) has been found in 68 percent of dairy herds and causes an estimated annual loss of $220 million to the US dairy industry. JD causes reduction of milk production, weight loss, and premature culling of clinically affected animals. Despite long and intensive national-level efforts for JD control, we are still far from preventing the significant economic impact of this formidable disease. Since the early 1990s, mathematical modeling approaches have been applied for better understanding of JD epidemiology and for estimation of the cost-benefit of alternative JD control strategies. However, there has not previously been an opportunity to gather a multidisciplinary group of scientists to help facilitate mathematical modeling studies in JD. Further, there has been no ...
Johnes Disease | College of Veterinary Medicine
For animals tested under the IDALS State Johnes Program, use the Iowa Johnes Program submission form as provided by IDALS. For non-program submissions use the ISU VDL ruminant submission form. Please include animal number, age, and production class (i.e. stage of lactation). Test results are most accurate if samples are not frozen. For submission of more than 10 samples, please call the ISU VDL to schedule a submission date. Tests are run on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, so samples arriving on these days will be processed on the same day.. Collect fecal samples directly from rectum (unless doing environmental sampling). Do not collect ground or floor samples. Use a separate, dry glove to collect individual sample (moisture and lube may adversely affect the pH of the sample). Place a minimum of 5-10 grams (1/2 ounce or 1 tablespoon) into sterile, plastic container (rectal sleeves and gloves will not work). We recommend Fisher brand Polystyrene Sample Vials (catalog # 03-341-13) or similar ...
DATCP Home Johnes Disease Vaccination
Johnes vaccine in the United Sates is only approved for use in cattle. Due to human health risks, interference with Johnes ELISA testing, and interference with tuberculosis testing, use of the vaccine is restricted. It must be administered by a Johnes vaccine certified veterinarian. If vaccinated animals are tested for Johnes disease, fecal culture or PCR must be used. Vaccinating herds will have more animals test positive to screening tests for tuberculosis which may result in more herd quarantines until confirmatory testing is done. Confirmatory TB testing will usually clear vaccinated animals ...
Paratuberculosis and Crohns Disease: Got Milk?:Nick Barnes An All-Creatures.org Vegan Health Article
Paratuberculosis and Crohns Disease: Got Milk? Nick Barnes- This archives is presented
to assist our visitors in taking a pro-active part in their own health
Live Paratuberculosis Bacteria Found in U.S. Milk: An All-Creatures.org Vegan Health Article
Live Paratuberculosis Bacteria Found in U.S. Milk - This archives is presented
to assist our visitors in taking a pro-active part in their own health
Live Paratuberculosis Bacteria Found in U.S. Milk | Salmonella Blog
Michael Gregor recently posted an article on FactoryFarming.com in regards to the recent finding of live paratuberculosis bacteria in retail milk purchased
Researchers demand for collective action to fight Paratuberculosis
Some of the signs include increased projectile diarrhoea, the loss of weight in cattle and general animal weakness.. Ahmed Wahed, lead researcher of paratuberculosis from German says, there is need for joint interventions by countries and researchers in Africa to ensure that there is enough awareness about the disease so as to prevent an outbreak of an epidemic.. Anna Rose Okurut the commissioner animal health in the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries says that despite the limited research about the disease in Africa, the diagnosis of animals remains difficult leaving people and the animals susceptible to being infected by the disease.. Okurut was on Monday 10th speaking to a team of researchers from across Africa gathered at Protea Hotel in Entebbe. The researchers are strategizing on how to sensitize the continent about the increasing threat that has been neglected by authorities.. The disease has for long been neglected by the African agricultural authorities which ...
2003 - Johnes Disease Sydney
If you would like a copy of a scientific paper please send us a request using the form below citing the specific reference: Abbott, K. A.Whittington, R. J. (2003). Monte Carlo simulation of flock-level sensitivity of abattoir surveillance for ovine paratuberculosis. Prev Vet Med 61, 309-332. Reddacliff, L. A., Nicholls, P. J., Vadali, A.Whittington, R. J.…
Johnes Disease: Going, Going Gone? - The Cattle Site
In the absence of a Johnes vaccine, producers should focus on management practices to limit the disease, urges a Pennsylvania Extension veterinarian.
Publication : USDA ARS
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (paratb), an acid-fast bacillus that causes enteritis (Johnes disease) in ruminants, has been suggested as an etiological agent of Crohns disease in humans. The mode of transmission is unclear, however, some evidence suggests that humans may become infected via contaminated milk. We previously demonstrated, using a lab-scale pasteurizer unit designed to simulate the high-temp., short-time method (72C, 15 sec) currently used by commercial dairies, that treatment of raw milk inoculated with M. paratb resulted in killing of all the bacteria. However, M. paratb is an intracellular pathogen that resides within the macrophages of the host and evades destruction. It is unknown whether the macrophage would provide a protective environment during pasteurization of milk, which would enable the bacteria to survive. We evaluated this hypothesis by conducting studies in which we experimentally infected bovine emammary ...
Publication : USDA ARS
Citation: Koo, H., Davis, W.C., Park, Y., Kwon, N., Hamilton, M., Barrington, G.M., Dahl, J.N., Waters, W.R. 2004. Analysis of the immune response to m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in experimentally infected calves and naturally infected cows with clinical symptoms [abstract]. Veterinary Immunology International Symposium. Paper No. WK.11.6.6:368. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Johnes disease of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic loss to producers due to increased food consumption, a decrease in milk production and poor health of affected animals. Control of the disease has been hindered by the lack of an effective vaccine and sensitive specific diagnostic assays that identify infected animals before they begin to shed bacteria. The present study was conducted to gain further insight into factors affecting the immune response to the causative agent, M. paratuberculosis (Map) and to determine if multicolor flow cytometry (FC) can be used to monitor the appearance ...
Market Assurance Programs (MAPs)
Johnes disease has a long incubation, usually of several years. Most infected animals do not show the typical signs of the disease during their lifetimes, although they may be shedding bacteria in faeces and infecting other animals.. Current tests have limited ability to detect individual animals infected with Johnes disease, especially when they are young or have only been recently infected.. Most replacement animals are bought when they are young, when testing gives very little confidence that they are not infected.. The MAPs rely on repeat testing of large numbers of adult animals to determine the status of the herd or flock, and testing over several years can increase assurance.. Without an objective assessment like the MAP, vendors can give little assurance about the Johnes status of their animals. A vendor may have no idea whether a herd or flock is infected and may continue to sell bulls and heifers or rams and ewes, putting clients at risk of infection.. ...
Dairy herd expansion increases risk of Johnes - Farmers Weekly
Dairy producers undergoing rapid expansion are running the risk of introducing Johnes disease into their herds, warned vet Dick Sibley from West Ridge Vet Practice.
Johnes disease strikes herds silently - Farm and Dairy
If the udder of a cow is dirty and you get wash water down the side of the udder while milking, only a drop or two of manure at a concentration of a million bacteria per gram is enough to contaminate a 5 gallon bucket of colostrum, Shulaw said ...
Grant Will Help Reduce Incidence of Johnes Disease in Dairy Cows
Technology Networks is an internationally recognised publisher that provides access to the latest scientific news, products, research, videos and posters.
Totally Vets - Managing Johnes disease
Totally Vets offers a comprehensive on-farm and in-clinic veterinary service. Our branches in Feilding, Palmerston North and Taumarunui complement this service with carefully chosen animal health products and merchandise with up-to-date advice on their use.
A preliminary study of possible genetic influences on the susceptibility of sheep to Johnes disease. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Ovine Johnes disease - Unlocking the Perfect Sheep
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When Johnes hits home | Canadian Cattlemen
Dr. Meaghan Crawfords empathy for the family that discovered Johnes disease in their young beef herd was evident as she spoke about her involvement with
Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratories
In the living animal, fecal culture is the most accurate diagnostic test, but requires 12 to 16 weeks culture time and is expensive. Fecal culture sensitivity is considered to be about 40% +/-10% and its specificity is 99% if done correctly. Fecal culture tests cannot detect Stage I or some Stage II animals. Various serologic tests including ELISA and AGID tests detect antibody in the serum and can be used on a herd basis or to confirm clinical cases. The serology tests are less accurate than culture, but are relatively rapid and less expensive. Only in advanced clinical cases are the predictive values of AGID tests similar to culture and ELISA values. ELISA has been most widely used for screening herds. ELISA sensitivity for clinical cases has been reported to be 85%, while the sensitivity is about 15% in non-clinical cases. In the dead animal, Johnes disease is accurately diagnosed by histopathology of the lower small intestine (distal ileum) and associated lymph nodes. ...
List | SBIR.gov
Johnes disease (JD) is a significant problem in animal health, and this is underscored by its identification by the USDA as the most important infectious disease in ruminants and one of the priority diseases for 2009/2010. Infection with MAP usually occurs after birth and infected calves go through a short period with mild or no symptoms during which they shed the bacteria in feces. This short pe .... ...
Cattle Today: HUNTIN DAYLIGHT - SLOW BURN
Even though Johnes disease has been around since dirt was a baby, most beef producers have never heard of it. In fact, according to a study conducted by the National Animal Health Monitoring Service (NAHMS), 92.2 percent of beef producers are either unfamiliar with the disease or only recognize the name of it.
Should I Buy A Car From JD Byrider? | The Daily Drive | Consumer Guide® The Daily Drive | Consumer Guide®
Should I Buy A Car From JD Byrider?, What is a JD Byrider dealership?, How dies JD Byrider work?, Can I buy a car from JD Byrider with bad credit?
Computing the JD or UT | aavso.org
There is a JD calculator available to help you figure the JD so most people dont compute it themselves anymore, but it is still important to know how it is derived so you can check yourself and catch any typographical errors.. What follows is a simple procedure for figuring the JD and GMAT decimal of your observations. If you decide to submit your observations using UT, just follow steps 1 through 3.. Step-by-Step Instructions. 1. Record the time and date of your observation using the 24-hour clock instead of AM or PM. (i.e. add 12 hrs if PM ...
JD Customs
For the best selection of JD Customs products, theres no better place to buy than at MAPerformance. We carry the highest-quality selection of JD Customs products on the internet. Shop from the best aftermarket JD Customs products at the lowest price on the web, guaranteed thanks to the MAPerformance Price Match Guaran
Various HO- and N-Scale Detail Parts - Pack A (ZUDJR73JD) by riftroamer
Various HO- and N-Scale Detail Parts - Pack A (ZUDJR73JD) by riftroamer on Shapeways. Learn more before you buy, or discover other cool products in Trains.
Tesla Motors, Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA) - JD Power Dependability Survey Places Tesla Among Worst-Ranked Car Brands In US | Benzinga
J.D. Power, the automotive industrys longtime monitor of quality, included Tesla Inc (NASDAQ: TSLA) for the first time in its annual U.S. Vehicle ...
Find an Author by Their Subject Expertise on JD Supra
Change is happening faster than ever, and to stay ahead, you need to anticipate whats next. Legal challenges come from all directions. We understand and work together with you to solve the toughest... ...
Emerging Trends in Business Growth - JD Design
For years now, Adkrasol Design Studio was struggling to have a fully functional, navigable, fast loading, UI/UX rich and a mobile responsive website with all the advanced features.. ...
WP34s: date functions and negative years
Ah, thank you - I didnt remember that one. I hope this thread encourages the 34s team to change the weird and inconsistent behaviour I described. IMHO the calculator should either throw an error or return a correct result. The latter of course is the preferred solution. There is no third option - not for a calculator on the level of a 34s. And there is a reason why the JD count starts at JD 0 = 1 January 4713 B.C., so arguing that no one needs date calculations in this range is not exactly convincing ...
WP34s: date functions and negative years
Ah, thank you - I didnt remember that one. I hope this thread encourages the 34s team to change the weird and inconsistent behaviour I described. IMHO the calculator should either throw an error or return a correct result. The latter of course is the preferred solution. There is no third option - not for a calculator on the level of a 34s. And there is a reason why the JD count starts at JD 0 = 1 January 4713 B.C., so arguing that no one needs date calculations in this range is not exactly convincing ...
Find an Author by Their Subject Expertise on JD Supra
Shipman & Goodwins value lies in our commitment -- to our clients, to the law and to the community. We have one goal: to help our clients achieve their goals. How we accomplish it is simple: we... ...
Marnie Falk, JD | Gillette Childrens Specialty Healthcare
Children who have disabilities and complex medical needs-and their families-have been at the center of our mission for more than 120 years. Learn how weve built on this long history to help patients improve their health, achieve greater well-being, and enjoy life ...
calendar | aavso.org
The 2012 JD Calendar is now available.. Just go to the JD Calendar page and scroll down to the bottom where you will be able to view or download the new calendar.. Happy observing!. ...
EMF-Portal | Suchergebnisse
2021, Giacomo JD, Gongora M, Silva F, Nicoliche E, Bittencourt J, Marinho V, Gupta D, Orsini M, Teixeira S, Cagy M, Bastos V, Budde H, Basile LF, Velasques B, Ribeiro P ...
Risk factors for the introduction and within-herd transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)...
Since 1994, Irish cattle have been exposed to greater risks of acquiring Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection as a consequence of the importation of over 70,000 animals from continental Europe. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported clinical cases of paratuberculosis in Ireland. This study examines the prevalence of factors that promote the introduction and within-herd transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) on selected Irish dairy farms in the Cork region, and the association between these factors and the results of MAP screening tests on milk sock filter residue (MFR). A total of 59 dairy farms, selected using non-random methods but apparently free of endemic paratuberculosis, were enrolled into the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data about risk factors for MAP introduction and transmission. The MFR was assessed on six occasions over 24 months for the presence of MAP, using culture and ...
Control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on Western Canadian dairy farms: Prevalence, diagnostics and risk...
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johnes disease (JD), a chronic, nontreatable enteritis of ruminants. The pathogen causes substantial losses to the dairy industry and might be associated with Crohns disease in humans. Eradication of MAP through programs that are solely based on test and cull is ineffective because current tests lack sufficient accuracy for reliable detection of infected cattle. Consequently, current MAP control programs focus on prevention of new infections through implementation of best management practices. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the Alberta Johnes Disease Initiative (AJDI), a management-based MAP control program. Research in this thesis focussed on estimating MAP herd-prevalence, evaluating environmental samples as a diagnostic tool, identifying risk factors for MAP infection, and identifying factors that influenced management improvements. A total of 370 farms participated in the AJDI and were visited annually by their ...
Inter- and Intra-subtype genotypic differences that differentiate Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains | BMC...
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the aetiological agent of Johnes disease or paratuberculosis and is included within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Map strains are of two major types often referred to as Sheep or S-type and Cattle or C-type. With the advent of more discriminatory typing techniques it has been possible to further classify the S-type strains into two groups referred to as Type I and Type III. This study was undertaken to genotype a large panel of S-type small ruminant isolates from different hosts and geographical origins and to compare them with a large panel of well documented C-type isolates to assess the genetic diversity of these strain types. Methods used included Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units - Variable-Number Tandem Repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR), analysis of Large Sequence Polymorphisms by PCR (LSP analysis), Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis of gyr genes, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Restriction
Monensin causes dose dependent inhibition of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in radiometric culture | Gut...
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic wasting diarrheal disease in ruminants called Johnes disease, that is evocative of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Agents used to treat IBD, called anti-inflammatories, immuno-modulators and immuno-suppressants inhibit MAP growth in culture. We concluded that, unknowingly, the medical profession has been treating MAP since sulfasalazines introduction in 1942. Monensin, called a Growth Enhancer in cattle, ameliorates Johnes disease without a documented mechanism of action. We hypothesized that Monensin would inhibit MAP in culture. Using the radiometric 14CO2 Bactec® system, that expresses mycobacterial growth in arbitrary growth index (GI) units, we studied the effect of Monensin on the growth kinetic of MAP isolated from humans with IBD (Dominic, Ben & UCF-4) and cattle with Johnes disease (303 & ATCC 19698.) Results are expressed as percent inhibition of cumulative GI (%-ΔcGI). The positive control
Possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis through potable water: lessons from an urban cluster...
A cluster of patients refers to the geographic proximity of unrelated patients with the same disease and suggests a common environmental cause for that disease. Clusters of patients with Crohns disease have been linked to the presence of an infectious microorganism in unpasteurized milk and cheese, untreated water supplied by wells or springs, animal manure used as fertilizer for family vegetable gardens, and bodies of water contaminated by agricultural runoff. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the suspected cause of Crohns disease. MAP causes a disease in dairy cows and other animals that is similar to Crohns disease, called Johnes (Yo-knees) disease or paratuberculosis. Dairy cows with Johnes disease secrete MAP into their milk and excrete MAP into their feces. MAP is present in untreated water such as well water, in bodies of water contaminated by agricultural runoff, and in unpasteurized milk and cheese. The treatment of tap water to make it drinkable or
Demographics of cattle positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by faecal culture, from submissions to the...
The demography of bovine infections caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Ireland is poorly defined. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics of cattle positive to MAP on faecal culture, based on submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory (Cork RVL) from 1994 to 2006. The study focused on all available faecal samples from adult cattle with non-responsive chronic diarrhoea that were submitted by private veterinary practitioners to Cork RVL for MAP culture. For each MAP-positive by faecal culture animal, data were collated from Cork RVL and Cattle Movement Monitoring Scheme (CMMS) records. Johnes disease (JD) was confirmed in 110 animals from 86 herds by the Cork RVL between 1994 and 2006, with a rate of positive cases between 15% and 18% over last four years of the study. Two breeds (Holstein/Friesian or Limousin) made up 78% of submissions. Movements were assessed for the 57 study animals with available movement information, 90% died ...
Frontiers | Culture-Independent Identification of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Ovine Tissues: Comparison...
Johnes disease is a chronic debilitating enteropathy of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Current abattoir surveillance programs detect disease via examination of gross lesions and confirmation by histopathological and/or tissue culture, which is time-consuming and has relatively low sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate whether a high-throughput quantitative PCR (qPCR) test is a viable alternative for tissue testing. Intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes were sourced from sheep experimentally infected with MAP and the DNA extracted using a protocol developed for tissues, comprised enzymatic digestion of the tissue homogenate, chemical and mechanical lysis, and magnetic bead-based DNA purification. The extracted DNA was tested by adapting a previously validated qPCR for fecal samples, and the results were compared with culture and histopathology results of the corresponding tissues. The MAP tissue qPCR confirmed infection in the majority of sheep with
Investigation of the distribution and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cow-calf...
This thesis summarizes an investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) as a pathogen within the cow-calf industry in Canada. The specific objectives of this project were to describe the distribution of this pathogen in this industry provincially, as well as at the individual farm level in wildlife species, and in the environment. Secondary objectives of this project were to identify on-farm management risk factors that are associated with this disease and to examine potential options for herd level diagnostic capabilities. Nationally, 0.8% (95%CI = 0.4-1.1%) of the cows in the cow-calf industry were seropositive for Map with 11.7% (95%CI=7.0-16.5%) of the herds sampled having a minimum of one positive test result or 4.5% (95%CI=1.4-7.5%) of the herds having a minimum of two positive test results. The true cow prevalence was estimated as 1.8% (95%CI= 0.4 - 3.1). No Map was detected in any of the non-ruminant wildlife species sampled on cow-calf operations suggesting that ...
Multilocus Short Sequence Repeat technique to identify Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains in supershedders...
Paratuberculosis in cows is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. (MAP) Infected cows spread MAP in the environment. Recently Supershedder (SS) cows were recognized. These cows are spreading extremely high numbers of MAP in the environment. These MAP in the environment can be ingested by herd-mates causing positive fecal samples ... read more in these herd-mates. We hypothesized that these fecal positive cows become Pass through cows, ingesting the MAP and shedding MAP in the feces without becoming positive on tissue rather than Active passive-shedders, ingesting the MAP, shedding MAP in the feces and becoming positive on tissue. By using the Multilocus Short Sequence Repeats (MLSSR) method for 3 different loci (1, 2 and 8) on SS cows and cows that were fecal positive at the same time as the SS, in three different herds in the North East of the US, we aimed to evaluate if low shedders should be considered Pass through cows or Active passive-shedders and if Active ...
The ability of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to enter bovine epithelial cells is influenced by preexposure to a...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the cause of Johnes disease in cattle and other ruminants. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of the bovine host is not well understood; however, it is assumed that crossing the bovine intestinal mucosa is important in order for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to establish infection. To examine the ability of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to infect bovine epithelial cells in vitro, Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) epithelial cells were exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. It was observed that bacteria can establish infection and replicate within MDBK cells. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis also has been reported to infect mammary tissue and milk, and we showed that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infects bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cell line). Using polarized MAC-T cell monolayers, it was also determined that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis crosses apical and basolateral surfaces with approximately the same degree ...
Defining the stressome of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in vitro and in naturally infected cows<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Defining the stressome of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in vitro and in naturally infected cows. AU - Wu, Chia Wei. AU - Schmoller, Shelly K.. AU - Sung, Jae Shin. AU - Talaat, Adel M.. PY - 2007/11/1. Y1 - 2007/11/1. N2 - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes an enteric infection in cattle, with a great impact on the dairy industry in the United States and worldwide. Characterizing the gene expression profile of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis exposed to different stress conditions, or shed in cow feces, could improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. In this report, the stress response of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on a genome-wide level (stressome) was defined for the first time using DNA microarrays. Expression data analysis revealed unique gene groups of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that were regulated under in vitro stressors while additional groups were regulated in the cow samples. ...
DMOZ - Health: Animal: Livestock: Conditions and Diseases: Johnes Disease
Johnes disease or paratuberculosis is caused by the mycobactium species, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the small and large intestine of ruminants. It causes thickening of the tissues which results in diarrhea and decreased absorption of nutrients. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis has been implicated by some research as the cause of Crohns disease in humans.
Identification of genetic regions associated with tolerance and Infection to Johnes Disease in cattle using a fine-mapping...
Johnes disease is an incurable illness of ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). Once an animal is exposed to Map it can become infected or resist infection. Susceptible animals may develop Johnes disease with different severity levels or exhibit different levels of tolerance. Selection of animals that are resistant or tolerant to Johnes disease would reduce economic losses and reduce disease prevalence. Tolerance was measured by there relationship between fitness (Map fecal shedding) and infection intensity (Map tissue infection); infection was determined by the presence of Map in four tissues. We previously identified associations with a region on BTA 3 and Map tissue infection and on BTA15 with tolerance to Johnes disease using a whole-genome analysis. The objective of this study was to confirm the association on BTA3 and BTA15. On BTA15, 54 SNPs were used to interrogate a 193kb region and on BTA3, 42 SNPs were chosen for a 235kb region. Sixteen SNPs ...
B-Cell Epitopes in the Immunodominant p34 Antigen of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis Recognized by Antibodies from...
TY - JOUR. T1 - B-Cell Epitopes in the Immunodominant p34 Antigen of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis Recognized by Antibodies from Infected Cattle. AU - Ostrowski, M.. AU - Mundo, S. L.. AU - Harris, N. B.. AU - Barletta, R. G.. AU - Lopez, O. J.. PY - 2003/11. Y1 - 2003/11. N2 - Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) causes Johnes disease, a chronic and fatal enteritis in ruminants. In the last stage of the disease, antibody titres rise and levels of interferon-γ decrease, suggesting that the host-immune response is switching from a T helper 1 (Th1) to a Th2 profile. In infected cattle, the membrane protein p34 elicits the predominant humoral response against M. paratuberculosis. To map the B-cell epitopes of this antigen, affinity-purified bovine antibodies against the carboxy-terminal region of p34 were used to screen a 12-mer phage display library. Several phage clones carrying peptides resembling fragments of p34 were affinity selected. Based on the ...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Strains from Cattle and Sheep Can Be Distinguished by a PCR Test Based on a Novel...
Paratuberculosis, or Johnes disease, is a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects domestic and wild ruminants, causing reduced food intake, weight loss, and death. The disease is present in most countries and results in significant production losses. The causative organism, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) (11), has also been implicated as the etiologic agent of Crohns disease in humans and is a member of the M. avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare (MAI) complex which includes M. intracellulare and all subspecies of M. avium. Two recent discoveries have shown that the spread of M. paratuberculosis may be more complicated than previously believed and emphasize the need for the development of new diagnostic tools. First, the organism has been reported to survive normal milk pasteurization (10), and second, it has also been isolated in the United Kingdom from common wild nonruminant animals such as rabbits, foxes, stoats, and crows (2). Isolates of the ...
New triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces. - Semantic Scholar
In the present study, a robust TaqMan real-time PCR amplifying the F57 and the ISMav2 sequences of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bovine fecal samples was developed and validated. The validation was based on the recommendations of International Organization for Standardization protocols for PCR and real-time PCR methods. For specificity testing, 205 bacterial strains were selected, including 105 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of bovine, ovine, and human origin and 100 non-M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains. Diagnostic quality assurance was obtained by use of an internal amplification control. By investigating six TaqMan reagents from different suppliers, the 100% detection probability was assessed to be 0.1 picogram M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA per PCR. The amplification efficiency was 98.2% for the single-copy gene F57 and 97.8% for the three-copy insertion sequence ISMav2. The analytical method was not limited due to instrument specificity. The triplex real
SciELO - Brazil - Detection of |i|Mycobacterium avium|/i| subsp. |i|paratuberculosis|/i| in bovine milk from the state of...
This is the first record of the detection of MAP in bovine milk in Northeast Brazil. The presence of MAP in milk has been previously reported in Brazil by Carvalho et al.,1818 Carvalho IA, Silva A, Campos EB, Moreira MAS. Short communication: detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction in bovine milk in Brazil. J Dairy Sci. 2009;92(11):5408-5410. who found the IS900 region of DNA in 8/222 (3.6%) samples of raw bovine milk from Viçosa, Minas Gerais.. MAP has been detected previously in bovine milk in other countries. In Switzerland, DNA of IS900 was found in 273 (19.7%) of 1384 samples from milk tanks.1212 Corti S, Stephan R. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific IS900 insertion sequences in bulk-tank milk samples obtained from different regions throughout Switzerland. BMC Microbiol. 2002;2:15. Slana et al.1313 Slana I, Liapi M, Moravkovaa M, Kralovaa A, Pavlika I. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cow bulk ...
Is participation in the Alberta Johnes Disease Initiative associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis herd...
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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a cause of Crohns disease | Gut
Mycobacterium avium subspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) belongs to theM avium complex (MAC). MAC occur widely in the environment and inhabit normal animal and human intestine. MAC do not usually cause disease unless the host is debilitated.MAP is a pathogen and causes chronic inflammation of the intestine in many animals, including primates.MAP is closely related genetically to other MAC but possesses additional DNA such as IS900, the hspX region, and the low %GC genetic element GS, which are associated with its pathogenic phenotype. Further genetic elements related to pathogenicity may be revealed by the whole genome sequencing ofMAP currently underway at the University of Minnesota. A recent review and extensive bibliography is available.1 MAP can colonise animals for years without causing disease. Chronic inflammation of the intestine (Johnes disease) may emerge after a long latent period, particularly when animals are stressed. Regional lymph nodes, liver, and lung are also involved. ...
MAP Vaccine Ready for Human Trials - Could be Used for Crohns - Crohns Disease Forum - Support group and forum for Crohns...
Johnes disease is chronic inflammation of the intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Infection and disease are mainly in domestic livestock but can affect many species including primates. Johnes is a new disease which emerged at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and principally involved Europe and North America. It has since spread to former low incidence regions to become a global problem. Crohns disease is a chronic inflammation of the intestine in humans which emerged in Europe and North America mid 20th century and increased to become a major healthcare problem. It has now spread to former low incidence regions. Infected animals shed Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk and into the environment. Human populations are widely exposed. Outcomes maybe influenced by microbial phenotype. Exposure to extracellular forms of these pathogens may confer some natural protection; exposure to intracellular forms which have passaged through milk ...
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis - Wikipedia
MAP causes Johnes disease in cattle and other ruminants. It has long been suspected as a causative agent in Crohns disease in humans,[4][5] but studies have been unable to show definite correlation.[6] Recent studies have shown that MAP present in milk can survive pasteurization, which has raised human health concerns due to the widespread nature of MAP in modern dairy herds. MAP survival during pasteurization is dependent on the D72C-value of the strains present and their concentration in milk.[7] It is heat resistant and is capable of sequestering itself inside white blood cells, which may contribute to its persistence in milk. It has also been reported to survive chlorination in municipal water supplies. MAP is a slow growing organism and is difficult to culture. Bacterial cultures were regarded as Gold standards for detection of MAP. Detection is very limited in fresh tissues, food, and water. Recently, John Aitken and Otakaro Pathways have discovered a method to culture MAP from human ...
Johnes Disease (MAP) | Genomics | NEOGEN
Johnes disease or paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease is characterized by chronic, debilitating enteric inflammation in ruminants and causes significant economic losses to livestock industries worldwide. Eradication efforts have been hampered by the fact that it is very difficult to detect the presence of MAP during early infection.. Progression of the disease is usually very slow so the subclinical early phase of the disease can last for years. During this time, however, MAP continues to be shed in the fecal matter of the animal and can therefore readily contaminate the environment. Nursing young stock is at very high risk to become infected, either through contaminated fecal matter on the teats or through MAP being shed in the milk.. During the early phases of the disease, production losses include decreased milk production, decreased fertility, and higher premature cull rates. The most prominent signs of Johnes Disease (incurable ...
PLOS ONE: Antibodies Recognizing Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Epitopes Cross-React with the Beta-Cell Antigen ZnT8 in...
The environmental factors at play in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain enigmatic. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is transmitted from dairy herds to humans through food contamination. MAP causes an asymptomatic infection that is highly prevalent in Sardinian T1D patients compared with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy controls. Moreover, MAP elicits humoral responses against several mycobacterial proteins. We asked whether antibodies (Abs) against one of these proteins, namely MAP3865c, which displays a sequence homology with the β-cell protein zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) could be cross-reactive with ZnT8 epitopes. To this end, Ab responses against MAP3865c were analyzed in Sardinian T1D, T2D and healthy subjects using an enzymatic immunoassay. Abs against MAP3865c recognized two immunodominant transmembrane epitopes in 52-65% of T1D patients, but only in 5-7% of T2D and 3-5% of healthy controls. There was a linear correlation between titers of anti-MAP3865c and anti
Optical mapping of the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genome | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Diversity of the genomic contents among strains of the same species of pathogens plays an important role in their evolution and could increase the antigenic repertoire of organisms to overcome host immune defenses. Genomic rearrangements including insertions/deletions or inversions are usually responsible for genomic diversity that is well-documented in members of M. avium complex including M. ap [13]. With the availability of complete genome sequences, pathogen diversity is usually analyzed on a whole-genome level. Unfortunately, high throughput sequencing projects are subject to errors and needs continuous improvement as technology progresses. One of the most encountered sequencing errors is single nucleotide miscalls, resulting in frameshifts or additions/deletions of ORFs [15-17]. Other errors such as inversions and translocations are usually associated with the assembly step of the whole sequence. In this study, we analyzed errors in the M. ap K-10 genome that are associated with sequence ...
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Bacteremia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Infectious Trigger? : Clinical...
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Brandon L. Plattner
Pathology support in collaborative research projects. Book Chapters Francisco A Uzal, Jesse M Hostetter and Brandon L Plattner. (2016). The gastrointestinal tract. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmers Pathology of Domestic Animals, Volume 1. Maxie, 6th ed. Elsevier.. Selected Publications: Search PubMed for Dr. Plattner -Ludwig L, Egan R, Baquero MM, Mansz A and Plattner BL. 2019. WC1+ and WC1neg gd T lymphocytes in intestinal mucosa of healthy and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infected calves. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. In press.. -Stinson KJ, Duffield TF, Kelton DF, Baquero MM and Plattner BL. 2019. A preliminary study investigating effects of oral monensin sodium in an enteric Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis model of calves. Journal of Dairy Science. In press.. -Stinson KJ, Baquero MM and Plattner BL. 2018. Resilience to infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis following direct intestinal inoculation in calves. Veterinary Research. ...
Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2) gene is associated with resistance to MAP in faecal culture and...
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for the lethal Johnes disease in cattle. So far, several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out to identify chromosomal regions highly associated with Johnes disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability within a pool of seven genes (LAMB1, DLD, WNT2, PRDM1, SOCS5, PTGER4 and IL10) indicated by former GWAS/RNA-Seq studies as putatively associated with MAP infections and to achieve a confirmation study of association with paratuberculosis susceptibility in a population of 324 German Holstein cattle (162 cases MAP positive and 162 controls MAP negative) using ELISA and fecal cultural tests. SNP validation and genotyping information are provided, quick methods for allelic discrimination were set up and transcription factor binding analyses were performed. The rs43390642:G,T SNP in the WNT2 promoter region is associated with paratuberculosis susceptibility ...
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from waste milk delivered to California calf ranches | IslandScholar
The objective of this study was to determine if viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was present in waste milk delivered and fed to calves on California calf ranches. Four calf-raising facilities in the Central Valley of California that fed pasteurized waste milk to calves were enrolled. Pre- and post-pasteurization waste milk samples were cultured for MAP using liquid and solid media over a 5-day period during each of four seasons. Aerobic cultures were performed Show moreThe objective of this study was to determine if viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was present in waste milk delivered and fed to calves on California calf ranches. Four calf-raising facilities in the Central Valley of California that fed pasteurized waste milk to calves were enrolled. Pre- and post-pasteurization waste milk samples were cultured for MAP using liquid and solid media over a 5-day period during each of four seasons. Aerobic cultures were performed simultaneously to ...
The Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis protein MAP1305 modulates dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation through...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis protein MAP1305 modulates dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation through Toll-like receptor-4. AU - Lee, Su Jung. AU - Noh, Kyung Tae. AU - Kang, Tae Heung. AU - Han, Hee Dong. AU - Shin, Sung Jae. AU - Soh, Byoung Yul. AU - Park, Jung Hee. AU - Shin, Yong Kyoo. AU - Kim, Han Wool. AU - Yun, Cheol Heui. AU - Park, Won Sun. AU - Jung, In Duk. AU - Park, Yeong Min. PY - 2014/2/1. Y1 - 2014/2/1. N2 - In this study, we show that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis MAP1305 induces the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), a representative antigen presenting cell (APC). MAP1305 protein induces DC maturation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β) through Toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling by directly binding with TLR4. MAP1305 activates the phosphorylation of MAPKs, such as ERK, p38MAPK, and JNK, which is essential for DC ...
Riversdell » Health
Johnes disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), manifests itself as a chronic diarrheal disease marked by wasting and eventual death . It occurs in wild and domesticated animals essentially worldwide, with the possible exception of Sweden and parts of Australia.. USDA officials view Johnes disease with some concern, as it is costly to manage and results in the early cull of infected animals and loss of production in dairy herds. Endemically infected herds worsen over time as the disease spreads. Johnes disease affects all ruminants, and cross-species infection has occurred. Johnes can be transmitted through feces, though milk, and via the womb. Young animals are especially susceptible. Although the cause of the disease was discovered in the early 20th century, many US beef and dairy producers are not familiar with its full implications. There are increasing concerns that the disease may pose a threat to public, as well as ruminant health.1. In contrast, ...
Johnes
Johnes disease is an untreatable, chronic, progressive bacterial intestinal disease of cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis or MAP. A study conducted in 2009 by Good et al. estimated that the prevalence of Johnes disease in Ireland is 20% in dairy herds and 6% in beef herds. The disease is characterised by scour, reduced production - lower milk yields and feed conversion, weight loss leading to emaciation, soft swelling of the jaw or brisket (bottle jaw), and eventually death ...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis
Johnes disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic intestinal infection caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The usually fatal disease is characterised by cachexia, and in some species diarrhoea, after a long pre-clinical phase. Treatment is ineffective and economically impracticab …
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from Free-Ranging Birds and Mammals on Livestock Premises | Applied...
This report provides evidence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in a wide range of nonruminant wildlife species in North America and confirms that the nonruminant infections reported in Scotland (3, 4) were not an isolated occurrence. In both of these studies M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from tissue and feces from mammals and birds, and infections were detected on numerous premises. However, both the number of isolates and species infection prevalences were lower in our surveys than reported in Scotland (4, 11, 12).. It is now clear that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis may infect animals in multiple taxonomic groups, but the pathogenic capacity of the organism for these species is still an open question. In Scotland, histological lesions were seen in rabbits (11, 12), foxes, weasels, a stoat, wood mouse, and crow (4). The absence of histological lesions in tissues from infected animals in our study may be related to the phase of infection in the culture-positive ...
Efectos de paratuberculosis subclínica confirmada por PCR en los niveles de retinol y β-caroteno de ganado lechero
INTRODUCTION. Paratuberculosis (pTB) is a chronic, fatal inflammatory disease in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis). It is characterised by a long subclinical stage of infection. Most infected cattle do not shed detectable numbers of the M. paratuberculosis bacteria in faeces until after two years of age. At this early infection stage, although some possible gut damage has occurred, the cattle do not show clinical signs of pTB and thus are referred to as cases of subclinical pTB(Allaker et al 2003, Baumgartner and Khol 2006). During this stage of the disease these cattle are infectious, i.e. capable of infecting other members of the herd (Baumgartner and Khol 2006).. Vitamin A activity is defined in retinol equivalents. Retinol is not found in plants but these do contain a retinol precursor called beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is converted to retinol by enzymes located in cells of the intestinal mucosa (Nagao 2004). There is no ...
Inactivation of Mycrobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in Milk by UV Treatment >...
1 Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science Division (Food Microbiology Branch), Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland 2 Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa 3 University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa 4 Food Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa. Abstract Aims: To determine the effect of UV radiation on the viability of two strains of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) inoculated into milk. Methods and Results: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in a ultra heat treated milk matrix was subjected to increasing doses of UV-C radiation from 0 to 1836 mJ ml)1 using a pilot-scale UV reactor (20 l capacity). Survival of Map was monitored by culture on Herrolds egg yolk medium, Middlebrook 7H10 medium and the FASTPlaqueTB phage assay. Differences in sensitivity to UV treatment were observed between strains, however, at 1000 mJ ml)1 a Map ...
Evaluation of a New Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Johnes Disease in Goat Serum
Johnes disease (JD) is a chronic, progressive, intestinal disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP).
New PCR systems to confirm real-time PCR detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis | BMC Microbiology | Full Text
Johnes disease, a serious chronic form of enteritis in ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). As the organism is very slow-growing and fastidious, several PCR-based methods for detection have been developed, based mainly on the MAP-specific gene IS900. However, because this gene is similar to genes in other mycobacteria, there is a need for sensitive and reliable methods to confirm the presence of MAP. As described here, two new real-time PCR systems on the IS900 gene and one on the F57 gene were developed and carefully validated on 267 strains and 56 positive clinical faecal samples. Our confirmatory PCR systems on IS900 were found sensitive and specific, only yielding weak false positive reactions in one strain for each system. The PCR system on F57 did not elicit any false positives and was only slightly less sensitive than our primary IS900-system. DNA from both naturally infected and spiked faeces that tested positive with our primary system could be confirmed
Frontiers | The Consensus from the Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Conference 2017 | Public Health
On March 24 and 25, 2017 researchers and clinicians from around the world met at Temple University in Philadelphia to discuss the current knowledge of Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) and its relationship to human disease. The conference was held because of shared concern that MAP is a zoonotic bacterium that poses a threat not only to animal health but also human health. In order to further study this problem, the conferees discussed ways to improve MAP diagnostic tests and discussed potential future anti-MAP clinical trials. The conference proceedings may be viewed on the www.Humanpara.org website. A summary of the salient work in this field is followed by recommendations from a majority of the conferees.
Serodiagnostik der bovinen Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-Infektion: Vergleich von zwei Testsystemen - Zurich...
In the present study the suitability of two commercial ELISA-tests (Svanovir® - und Pourquier® -ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium (M.) avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle sera was studied. In particular, the influence of a pre-adsorption of serum samples with M. phlei on the specifity of antibody detection was tested. The study comprising 38 specified bovine sera adhered to the producers requirements for both tests. In the Pourquier® -ELISA only six of the 20 sera which in the Svanovir® -ELISA were tested positive (30,0%) reacted positive as well. The rather high number of questionable results of the Svanovir® -ELISA could not be confirmed by the Pourquier® -ELISA. In order to find out if the discrepancy amongst the results of the two tests originated in the higher rate of false-positive reactions in the Svanovir® -ELISA where, contrary to the Pourquier® -ELISA, untreated sera are tested, the Pourquier® -ELISA was initially carried out without the ...
Jean-Philippe ROY - La recherche - Université de Montréal
Arango-Sabogal JC, Cote G, Pare J, Labrecque O, Roy JP, Buczinski S, et al. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in tie-stall dairy herds using a standardized environmental sampling technique and targeted pooled samples. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire. 2016;80(3):175-82.. Rangel SJ, Pare J, Dore E, Arango JC, Cote G, Buczinski S, et al. A systematic review of risk factors associated with the introduction of Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) into dairy herds. The Canadian veterinary journal La revue veterinaire canadienne. 2015;56(2):169-77.. Labonte J, Roy JP, Dubuc J, Buczinski S. Measurement of cardiac troponin I in healthy lactating dairy cows using a point of care analyzer (i-STAT-1). Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology. 2015;17(2):129-33.. Fauteux V, Bouchard E, Haine D, Scholl DT, Roy JP. Prediction of bulk tank somatic cell count ...
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in lake catchments, in river water abstracted for domestic use, and in effluent from...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from infected animals enters surface waters and rivers in runoff from contaminated pastures. We studied the River Tywi in South Wales, United Kingdom, whose catchment comprises 1,100 km2 containing more than a million dairy and beef cattle and more than 1.3 million sheep. The River Tywi is abstracted for the domestic water supply. Between August 2002 and April 2003, 48 of 70 (68.8%) twice-weekly river water samples tested positive by IS900 PCR. In river water, the organisms were associated with a suspended solid which was depleted by the water treatment process. Disposal of contaminated slurry back onto the land established a cycle of environmental persistence. A concentrate from 100 liters of finished water tested negative, but 1 of 54 domestic cold water tanks tested positive, indicating the potential for these pathogens to access domestic outlets. In the separate English Lake District region, with hills up to 980 m, tests for M. avium subsp. ...
Primary transcriptomes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis reveal proprietary pathways in tissue and macrophages |...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) persistently infects intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes leading to a prolonged subclinical disease. The MAP genome sequence was published in 2005, yet its transcriptional organization in natural infection is unknown. While prior research analyzed regulated gene sets utilizing defined, in vitro stress related or advanced surgical methods with various animal species, we investigated the intracellular lifestyle of MAP in the intestines and lymph nodes to understand the MAP pathways that function to govern this persistence. Our transcriptional analysis shows that 21%, 8% and 3% of the entire MAP genome was represented either inside tissues, macrophages or both, respectively. Transcripts belonging to latency and cell envelope biogenesis were upregulated in the intestinal tissues whereas those belonging to intracellular trafficking and secretion were upregulated inside the macrophages. Transcriptomes of natural infection and in vitro macrophage infection
Novel Monoclonal Antibody and Peptide Binders for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Their Application for...
The generation of novel Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-specific monoclonal antibodies and phage-display derived peptide binders, along with their application for the magnetic separation (MS) of MAP cells, is described. Our aim was to achieve even greater MAP capture capability than is possible with peptide-mediated magnetic separation (PMS) using a 50:50 mix of biotinylated-aMp3 and biotinylated-aMptD peptide-coated beads. Gamma-irradiated whole MAP cells and ethanol extracted antigens (EEA) from these cells were used to elicit an immune response and as phage-display biopanning targets. A range of novel binders was obtained and coated onto paramagnetic beads, both individually and in various combinations, for MS evaluation. IS900 PCR was employed after MS to provide quick results. Capture sensitivity was assessed using a range of MAP concentrations after which the most promising beads were tested for their specificity for MAP, by performing MS followed by culture using 10 other
The ability of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to enter bovine epithelial cells is influenced by preexposure to a...
The ability of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to enter bovine epithelial cells is influenced by preexposure to a hyperosmolar environment and intracellular passage in bovine mammary epithelial cells ...
Modelling the destruction of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Dr Michael Mullan describes simple mathematical techniques to investigate the survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) during high temperature short time, HTST, pasteurisation.