Looking for Paraganglia? Find out information about Paraganglia. a series of endocrine glands of vertebrate animals and man that are composed of chromaffin tissue and that secrete adrenaline , noradrenaline , and possibly... Explanation of Paraganglia

A paraganglion (pl. paraganglia) is a group of non-neuronal cells derived of the neural crest. They are named for being generally in close proximity to sympathetic ganglia. They are essentially of two types: chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and nonchromaffin or parasympathetic ganglia made of glomus cells. They are neuroendocrine cells, the former with primary endocrine functions and the latter with primary chemoreceptor functions. Chromaffin paraganglia (also called chromaffin bodies) are connected with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and the ganglia of the celiac, renal, adrenal, aortic and hypogastric plexuses. They are concentrated near the adrenal glands and essentially function the same way as the adrenal medulla. They are sometimes found in connection with the ganglia of other sympathetic plexuses. None have been found with the sympathetic ganglia associated with the branches of the trigeminal nerve. The largest chromaffin paraganglia is the organ of ...

1997 and two separate sets of second series Fascicles, Tumors of the Extra-adrenal Paraganglion System and Tumors of the Adrenal. In order to attain a better understanding of the varied morphology of neoplasms of the adrenal cortex, medulla and extraadrenal paraganglia, structural aspects of normal anatomy, including hyperplasia, are illustrated. Numerous new illustrations appear in this Fascicle, and a large number have been replaced or upgraded using high quality transparencies for digital imaging. The contributions of cytology and fine needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis are emphasized, particularly with respect to adrenal tumors. Emphasis is also placed on the important role of molecular pathology and immunohistochemistry in tumor diagnosis, and in some cases may provide valuable information regarding prognosis ...

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Propriedades: Sifão com mangueira para a manutenção de aquários. Auxilia na limpeza do fundo e do cascalho. Acompanha 2 prolongadores.. Sifão mede: 21,50 cm. Cada prolongador mede: 19.50 cm. A mangueira mede: 150 cm. ...

Looking for online definition of paraganglia in the Medical Dictionary? paraganglia explanation free. What is paraganglia? Meaning of paraganglia medical term. What does paraganglia mean?

Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndrome is a familial cancer syndrome which results in neuroendocrine tumors. The diagnosis of hereditary PGL/PCC syndrome is based on physical examination, family history, imaging studies, biochemical testing, and molecular genetic testing. Symptoms of PGL/PCC result either from mass effects or catecholamine hypersecretion (e.g. sustained or paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure, headache, episodic profuse sweating, palpitations, pallor, and apprehension or anxiety) (Klein and Lloyd. GeneReviews. 2009). Paraganglia are a group of neuroendocrine cells that originate from the embryonic neural crest and have the ability to secrete catecholamines. In the PGL/PCC syndrome, paraganglia arise in either the paravertebral axis (base of the skull to the pelvis) for paragangliomas or the adrenal medulla for pheochromocytomas (Welander et al. Endocrine-Related Cancer 18:R253-R276, 2011). Sympathetic paragangliomas hypersecrete catecholamines, whereas ...

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare tumors of adrenal chromaffin cells or extra-adrenal paraganglia. theyre difficult to diagnose due to the non-speci..

Some diverse new stem cell papers worth a peek this weekend? Direct reprogramming hits crest: Generation of Multipotent Induced Neural Crest by Direct Reprogramming of Human Postnatal Fibroblasts with a Single Transcription Factor, Cell Stem Cell Hormone receptors in prostate cancer cells […]. ...

The trifluorosilicon(IV) cation [SiF3(Me3tacn)]+, isolated as salts with [SiF5]-, [B{3,5-(CF3)2C6H3}4]- or Cl-, is obtained by reaction of SiF4 with Me3tacn under anhydrous conditions, and compared with the tetrafluoro complexes [SiF4(tmeda)] and [SiF4{2-Me2N(CH2)2NMe(CH2)2NMe2(CH2Cl)}][SiF5] obtained with the acyclic di- and tri-amines.. Full text not available from this repository.. ...

Paragangliomas are uncommon slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors that may arise from the extra-adrenal paraganglia. Paragangliomas of the inferior and superior laryngeal paraganglia are known as laryngeal paraganglioma. Inferior laryngeal paraganglioma, which is also called subglottic paraganglioma, is very seldomly observed. To our knowledge only 24 patients with subglottic paraganglioma have been found. We present a 77-year-old male patient who has been previously followed-up for cervical goiter, which has a progressive enlargement into the mediastinum, causing severe tracheal obstruction. The tumor was completely and easily resected via median sternotomy with collar incision and finally diagnosed as inferior laryngeal paraganglioma. The present case is the first subglottic laryngeal paraganglioma descending into the visceral compartment of the mediastinum in the literature ...

This study demonstrates that a CD34(-), vascular endothelial cadherin(-) (VE-cadherin(-)), AC133(+), and fetal liver kinase(+) (Flk1(+)) multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) that copurifies with mesenchymal stem cells from postnatal human bone marrow (BM) is a progenitor for angioblasts. In vitr …

Mediastinal paragangliomas are rare tumors derived from chromaffin cells (neuroectodermal cells) that can arise from two major clusters of sympathetic ganglion cells: paravertebral (aortosympathetic paraganglia) great vessels of the chest (aor...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine system, which is critical for modulating PFC function, undergoes remodeling until at least young adulthood in primates. Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) alters extracellular dopamine levels in PFC, and its gene contains a functional polymorphism (Val(158)Met) that has been associated with variation in PFC function. We examined COMT enzyme activity and protein immunoreactivity in the PFC during human postnatal development. Protein was extracted from PFC of normal individuals from 6 age groups: neonates (1-4 months), infants (5-11 months), teens (14-18 years), young adults (20-24 years), adults (31-43 years), and aged individuals (68-86 years; n = 5-8 per group). There was a significant 2-fold increase in COMT enzyme activity from neonate to adulthood, paralleled by increases in COMT protein immunoreactivity. Furthermore, COMT protein immunoreactivity was related to Val(158)Met genotype, as has been previously demonstrated. The significant increase in COMT activity

VSG負壓供氣鋼瓶為Ion Implanter供應氣源，經過真空系統將鋼瓶內氣體引出，經過電漿化後形成離子，注入離子製程。. 供應的氣體主要有AsH3、PH3、BF3、SiF4、CO、GeF4 及相關混合氣等氣源。. 採用一般高壓鋼瓶閥件，適用所有氣瓶櫃使用，鋼瓶大小接頭可依據客戶需求客制化訂製製作。. 本公司有ISO 9001、ISO 14001及OHSAS 18001品質認證，. 並擁 ...

Pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare and clinically important chromaffin cell tumors that typically arise from the adrenal gland or from extra-adrenal paraganglia, respectively. The clinical features and consequences of PHEO/PGL result from the release of catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine). An undetected PHEO/PGL poses a hazard to patients undergoing surgery, childbirth, or general anesthesia, due to the potential for excess catecholamine secretion, which can result in significant, often catastrophic outcomes. Diagnosing and localizing a PHEO/PGL can be challenging. Plasma and urinary catecholamines as well as their metabolites and radio-iodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scanning can yield false-positive/negative results in patients harboring the tumor. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lack sufficient specificity. The molecular mechanisms by which genotypic changes predispose to the development of PHEO/PGL remain unknown ...

December 15th, 2014 by Scarlett, K., Pattabiraman, V., Barnett, P., Liu, D., Anderson, L. M.. Angiogenesis is a dynamic process required for embryonic development; however postnatal vascular growth is characteristic of multiple disease states. Despite insights into the multi-step process in which adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and their receptors work in concert to form new vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, there remains lack of insight of the nuclear transcriptional mechanisms that occur within endothelial cells (ECs) in response to VEGF. Iroquois homeobox gene 3 (Irx3) is a transcription factor of the Iroquois family of homeobox genes. Irx homeodomain transcription factors are involved in the patterning and development of several tissues. Irx3 is known for its role during embryogenesis in multiple organisms, however, the expression and function of Irx3 in human postnatal vasculature remains to be investigated. Here we show that Irx3 is expressed in ...

Refusal by the Solicitors Indemnity Fund (SIF) to accept notifications of potential claims could be catastrophic for retired solicitors, a specialist in professional regulation and insurance has warned.. Frank Maher, partner at Legal Risk, said that, unlike normal insurers that are prepared to accept notifications of circumstances which could lead to a claim on a law firms indemnity policy, SIF only accepted actual claims.. This created a problem for retired solicitors buying additional run-off cover to protect them after SIF closes in September 2020.. If you know of circumstances leading to a claim, you must disclose them when you take out the new insurance policy and any claims will be excluded, Mr Maher said.. Retired solicitors are being advised in the press to go off and buy more insurance. Even if there is a market for this type of insurance, any insurer will exclude notifications which should have been made to SIF.. SIF should accept notifications. Otherwise the consequences ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of hydrocortisone on the extra-adrenal intensely fluorescent chromaffin and non-chromaffin cells in stretch preparations of the newborn rat. AU - Costa, Mareello. AU - Eränkö, Liisa. AU - Eränkö, Olavi. PY - 1973/12. Y1 - 1973/12. N2 - Air-dried stretch preparations were used to study adrenergic nerve fibres and catecholamine-containing cells with the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method in the abdominal tissue block containing the para-aortic paraganglia, in the neurovascular structures of the cervical region including the carotid body, in the bladder, in the ileum, in the mesentery, in the vagus nerve and in the sympathetic ganglia of 5- or 15-day-old rats. The adrenergic nerves and the catecholamine-containing cells were well preserved and showed little or no diffusion of amines. While most intensely fluorescent cells of the main para-aortic body disappeared during the first two postnatal weeks, some such cells survived and they showed long, slender fluorescent ...

Pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas are rare tumors arising from neural crest tissue that develops into sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia throughout the body. The most recent World Health Organization classification utilizes the term pheochromocytoma exclusively for tumors arising from the...

The carotid body is a small structure weighing 12 mg located in the adventitia of carotid artery bifurcation acting as a chemoreceptor. Carotid body tumour (CBT); formerly known as chemodectoma is a rare, highly vascular, mostly benign tumour arising from the paraganglia of carotid body; hence, the name (carotid paraganglioma). The high vascularity and proximity to cranial nerves and major vessels make this tumour a surgical challenge. Abundant literature has been written about CBT in the last century with a continuous debate regarding its etiology, natural history, biological behavior, proper technique of excision, and the morbidity and mortality associated with its resection. The purpose of this review article is to simplify understanding the basic and clinical aspects of this challenging neoplasm.

Studies of the most immature T cell progenitors in the human thymus have been hampered by the lack of markers and assays that define these cells. In this report we used a novel human fetal thymic organ culture system to determine the potential of T cell precursors isolated from human postnatal thymus, to differentiate into CD3+ thymocytes, and to investigate early stages of human T cell development. It was found that thymocytes that lack the markers CD3, CD4, and CD8 (triple negative [TN]) can differentiate in an allogeneic organotypic thymic culture. The capacity of TN thymocytes to differentiate was exclusively confined to the CD34+ population. CD34- TN thymocytes failed to differentiate in this system. In contrast, cloned lines of CD3- thymocytes could only be established from CD34- TN thymocytes. Five subsets of CD3- thymocytes were found with the following phenotype: CD1-TN, CD1+TN, CD1+CD4+CD8-, CD1+CD4+CD8 alpha+ beta-, and CD1+CD4+CD8 alpha beta+. These subpopulations expressed ...

Additionally, in the paracortical region of the lymph node, an unknown cell type was labeled with estrogen. Spinal paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the extra-adrenal paraganglionic system. Kinetics of cialis over the counter at walmart reviews the multi-step catalytic degradation of a polymer to its constituent subunits. Current evidence points cialis generic canada to the occurrence of intricate cross-talks between polyamines, stress hormones and other metabolic pathways required for their function. We retrospectively analysed the protocol of performing the free tissue transfer before the wide excision in 15 patients (mean age of 48) with large tumours of the thorax and abdomen.. There was no difference in NE, EPI, CORT and Te prestress levels in the two groups. Our data suggest that RHPN1-AS1 could be an oncoRNA in UM, which may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in malignant UM. Epidural catheters moved a clinically significant amount with ...

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Paragangliomas of the head and neck are highly vascular and usually clinically benign tumors arising in the paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. A significant number of cases (10-50%) are proven to be familial. Multiple genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) complex are associated with hereditary paraganglioma: SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. Furthermore, a hereditary paraganglioma family has been identified with linkage to the PGL2 locus on 11q13. No SDH genes are known to be located in the 11q13 region, and the exact gene defect has not yet been identified in this family. We have performed a RNA expression microarray study in sporadic, SDHD- and PGL2-linked head and neck paragangliomas in order to identify potential differences in gene expression leading to tumorigenesis in these genetically defined paraganglioma subgroups. We have focused our analysis on pathways and functional gene-groups that are known to be associated with SDH function and paraganglioma

Paragangliomas of the head and neck are highly vascular and usually clinically benign tumors arising in the paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. A significant number of cases (10-50%) are proven to be familial. Multiple genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) complex are associated with hereditary paraganglioma: SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. Furthermore, a hereditary paraganglioma family has been identified with linkage to the PGL2 locus on 11q13. No SDH genes are known to be located in the 11q13 region, and the exact gene defect has not yet been identified in this family. We have performed a RNA expression microarray study in sporadic, SDHD- and PGL2-linked head and neck paragangliomas in order to identify potential differences in gene expression leading to tumorigenesis in these genetically defined paraganglioma subgroups. We have focused our analysis on pathways and functional gene-groups that are known to be associated with SDH function and paraganglioma

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), launched in July 2014, is capable of measuring Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF), a functional proxy for terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Although its primary mission is to measure the column-averaged mixing ratio of CO2 (Xco2) to constrain global carbon source/sink distribution, one of the OCO-2 spectrometers allows for a robust SIF retrieval solely based on solar Fraunhofer lines. Here we present a technical overview of the OCO-2 SIF product, aiming to provide the scientific community guidance on best practices for data analysis, interpretation, and application. This overview consists of the retrieval algorithms, OCO-2 specific bias correction, retrieval uncertainty evaluation, cross-mission comparison with other existing SIF products, and a global-scale examination of the SIF-GPP relationship. With the initial three years of data (September 2014 onward), we compared OCO-2 SIF with retrievals from Greenhouse Gases Observing ...

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), launched in July 2014, is capable of measuring Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF), a functional proxy for terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Although its primary mission is to measure the column-averaged mixing ratio of CO2 (Xco2) to constrain global carbon source/sink distribution, one of the OCO-2 spectrometers allows for a robust SIF retrieval solely based on solar Fraunhofer lines. Here we present a technical overview of the OCO-2 SIF product, aiming to provide the scientific community guidance on best practices for data analysis, interpretation, and application. This overview consists of the retrieval algorithms, OCO-2 specific bias correction, retrieval uncertainty evaluation, cross-mission comparison with other existing SIF products, and a global-scale examination of the SIF-GPP relationship. With the initial three years of data (September 2014 onward), we compared OCO-2 SIF with retrievals from Greenhouse Gases Observing ...

We chat with Chris Hemsworth about the production of Thor: The Dark World, his role in the Nine Realms, and his relationships with Jane, Loki, Malekith Odin and Sif.

Any 3rd year medical student knows this: There is a pressure receptor at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery below the angle of the jaw- a paraganglionic structure called the carotid body. Gentle unilateral massage of this spot with two fingers can reflexively decrease heart rate and blood pressure and is routinely used clinically at the bedside to reverse some arrhythmias, particularly supraventricular tachycardia or SVT. Overdone, this maneuver may result in cardiac arrest (asystole) or severe drop in blood pressure resulting in deficient blood flow and oxygenation to the brain. When the brain senses deprivation of oxygen, the person often will feel and express that they cant breathe, despite their airway being intact and open. I suspect this carotid massage technique is known to martial arts experts and military special forces personnel. Thus, brain ischemia and damage could be induced without injury to the trachea, and may be worsened if pressure is sufficient to also compress ...

Any 3rd year medical student knows this: There is a pressure receptor at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery below the angle of the jaw- a paraganglionic structure called the carotid body. Gentle unilateral massage of this spot with two fingers can reflexively decrease heart rate and blood pressure and is routinely used clinically at the bedside to reverse some arrhythmias, particularly supraventricular tachycardia or SVT. Overdone, this maneuver may result in cardiac arrest (asystole) or severe drop in blood pressure resulting in deficient blood flow and oxygenation to the brain. When the brain senses deprivation of oxygen, the person often will feel and express that they cant breathe, despite their airway being intact and open. I suspect this carotid massage technique is known to martial arts experts and military special forces personnel. Thus, brain ischemia and damage could be induced without injury to the trachea, and may be worsened if pressure is sufficient to also compress ...

TY - BOOK. T1 - SIF correction factors for GLARE. AU - Homan, J.J.. PY - 2003. Y1 - 2003. KW - Geen BTA classificatie. M3 - Report. VL - B2V. BT - SIF correction factors for GLARE. PB - TUDelft/LR/VM. CY - Delft. ER - ...

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AOAH_RABIT (O18823 ), APG2_ARATH (Q9LU14 ), AXE2_GEOSE (Q09LX1 ), CPR49_ARATH (Q9SRM5 ), ESM1_ARATH (Q9LJG3 ), EST_HEVBR (Q7Y1X1 ), EST_PSEAE (Q9HZY8 ), FUCO3_ARATH (Q9FXE5 ), GDL10_ARATH (Q9SHP6 ), GDL11_ARATH (Q3E7I6 ), GDL12_ARATH (Q9FPE4 ), GDL13_ARATH (Q38894 ), GDL14_ARATH (Q9C7N5 ), GDL15_ARATH (Q9C7N4 ), GDL16_ARATH (Q9C857 ), GDL17_ARATH (Q8L5Z1 ), GDL18_ARATH (Q1H583 ), GDL19_ARATH (Q8W4H8 ), GDL1_ARATH (Q9LMJ3 ), GDL1_CARPA (P86276 ), GDL20_ARATH (Q9C5N8 ), GDL21_ARATH (Q7XA74 ), GDL22_ARATH (Q3ECP6 ), GDL23_ARATH (Q9C648 ), GDL29_ARATH (Q9SF78 ), GDL2_ARATH (O80522 ), GDL31_ARATH (Q9CA68 ), GDL32_ARATH (Q9SIF5 ), GDL33_ARATH (Q9SIF3 ), GDL34_ARATH (Q9SJB4 ), GDL35_ARATH (O65921 ), GDL36_ARATH (O64468 ), GDL37_ARATH (O64469 ), GDL38_ARATH (O80470 ), GDL39_ARATH (Q9SJA9 ), GDL3_ARATH (Q9LMS5 ), GDL40_ARATH (Q9ZQI3 ), GDL41_ARATH (O22918 ), GDL42_ARATH (O22927 ), GDL43_ARATH (Q9SIQ3 ), GDL44_ARATH (Q9SIQ2 ), GDL45_ARATH (Q8RWJ4 ), GDL46_ARATH (O80443 ), GDL47_ARATH (Q9SIZ6 ), ...

The Statewide SIS SaaS to begin on-boarding districts on July 1, 2014. The Executive Office of Education (EOE) in conjunction with Commonwealth Information Technology Division (ITD) and Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) has contracted with Aptium LLC (SchoolBrains) to deploy a web based Student Information System (SIS) in the Commonwealths Springfield Data Center. SchoolBrains is a MA SIF and SIS Certified Vendor currently supporting a number of districts. The web based Software as a Service (SaaS) model will allow even very small Districts to utilize a fully functional SIF enabled SIS for a very low annual Price Per Student (PPS) cost. The Statewide SIS SaaS contract is available to all small Districts with less than 5,000 students. Priority on-boarding and assistance will be provided to those Districts who do not have a current MA Certified SIS or SIF vendor.. The Commonwealth plans to post a second RFR in December 2014 or January 2015 for a Statewide SIS SaaS Solution ...

Abstract. Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) has been shown to be a powerful proxy for photosynthesis and gross primary productivity (GPP). The recently launched TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) features the required spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio to retrieve SIF from space. Here we present an oversampling and downscaling method to obtain 500-m spatial resolution SIF over California. We report daily values based on a 14-day window. TROPOMI SIF data show a strong correspondence with daily GPP estimates at AmeriFlux sites across multiple ecosystems in California. We find a linear relationship between SIF and GPP that is largely invariant across ecosystems with an intercept that is not significantly different from zero. Measurements of SIF from TROPOMI agree with MODIS vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, and NIRv) at annual timescales but indicate different temporal dynamics at monthly and daily timescales. TROPOMI SIF data show a double peak in the seasonality of ...