Oxytocin and Personality. Evidence suggests that the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a role in social affiliation. This behavior may be related more to personality dimensions than specific psychiatric diagnoses. This study investigated the relationship between plasma oxytocin levels and personality dimensions using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 60 outpatients with major depression. The strongest correlation was between plasma oxytocin levels and the temperament dimension of Reward Dependence (0.425 Pearson correlation). This suggested that 17% of the variance in plasma oxytocin levels was explained by the Reward Dependence scores. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma oxytocin levels and the Reward Dependence personality dimension.. Nicknamed the cuddle chemical because it renders a warm and fuzzy feeling inside, oxytocin, (a naturally produced hormone) has been shown via brain scan to lower activity in the amygdala - a region which is overactive in social ...

Oxytocin is both a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and also a brain neurotransmitter. The actions of oxytocin are mediated by specific, high affinity oxytocin receptors. Oxytocin has a well-recognized role in breastfeeding, and uterine contraction.. In sexual medicine, oxytocin has a role in orgasm. Several studies have found increases in plasma oxytocin at orgasm. Plasma oxytocin levels are notably increased around the time of orgasm and are still higher than baseline when measured 5 minutes after self-arousal. It is possible that oxytocins effects on muscle contractibility may facilitate male sperm and female egg transport. Oxytocin levels in women before and after sexual stimulation suggests that oxytocin serves an important role in sexual arousal. One study showed that genital tract stimulation resulted in increased oxytocin immediately after orgasm. Another study reported increases of oxytocin during sexual arousal in response to nipple/areola, genital, and/or genital tract ...

Chronic neck and shoulder pain (CNSP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in adults, which is linked to hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli. The hormone oxytocin has been implicated as a potential therapeutic for the management of chronic pain disorders, and has been suggested to have sex-specific effects on the salience of threatening stimuli. This study investigated the influence of intranasal oxytocin on the perception of noxious thermal stimuli. Participants were 24 individuals with CNSP lasting |12months (eight women), and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy, pain-free controls. In a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, participants attended two sessions, self-administering intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) in one session, and placebo in another. Participants rated intensity and unpleasantness of thermal heat stimuli at three body sites: the cervical spine, deltoid, and tibialis anterior, on 11-point numerical rating scales. Compared with placebo, intranasal oxytocin increased the

BACKGROUND A synthetic oxytocin analogue, barusiban, was shown to potently inhibit oxytocin-induced activity of myometrium from term pregnant women. The responsiveness to vasopressin was not influenced by the compound. OBJECTIVE To test the effect of barusiban and a reference compound, atosiban, on oxytocin-induced activity of myometrium from women at preterm pregnancy in comparison to myometrium from women at term. METHODS Fifteen preterm (30-36 gestational weeks) and 12 term pregnant women (38-41 weeks) who underwent cesarean delivery donated myometrial tissue for the study. Concentration-response curves following oxytocin administration to isolated myometrial strips were recorded in control experiments, in the presence of barusiban at concentrations of 2.5, 25, and 250 nM, and of atosiban at concentrations of 25, 250, and 750 nM. Effective concentration 50% (EC50) and pA2 values were calculated. RESULTS Both antagonists in higher concentrations increased the EC50 values to oxytocin. The median

[Besides its effect on the uterus and breasts, oxytocin also regulates affiliative behaviour. The so-called central oxytocin effect influences pair bonding, maternal care and attachment through the regulatory functions of oxytocin that acts as a neurotransmitter within the brain. The central oxytocin effect increases trust and social support, decreases fear and anxiety, and promotes wound healing. These effects form the basis of the stress-triggered, oxytocin-based calm and connection reaction. Some methods that are widely used in modern obstretric practice - such as the use of synthetic oxytocin for inducing or speeding up labour or epidural anaesthesia - hinder the psycho-emotive effects that are based on natural oxytocin. Epigenetic studies performed in animals indicate that the oxytocin effect experienced at birth can be transgenerational.]

Plasma oxytocin levels are significantly higher in oral contraceptive (OC) users than in to non-users, according to a study in Scientific Reports. The cross-sectional study of nearly 200 women also found that scores for satisfaction with life were higher among OC users.

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A recent study demonstrated that pregnant women with low oxytocin have a higher risk of postpartum depression. This should come as a surprise to no one. Studies have already demonstrated that low oxytocin release inhibits happy parenting. High oxytocin the opposite. Young non depressed fathers given oxytocin spray seem happier and are more likely to encourage their children to explore during playtime and are less likely to be hostile, compared to fathers given an oxytocin placebo. Mothers with higher oxytocin levels are less likely to be depressed adn more likely to coo to their babies in a playful voice, a speech scientists call motherese. High oxytocin mothers smile more at their babies and are more flexible to changes in its moods. The additional touching, looking into the eyes, lullabys releases even more oxytocin in both mother, father and child. Parents that look into each others eyes release more oxytocin. A test for parents with low oxytocin may one day help to identify mothers and ...

The aim of this thesis was to determine any association between plasma oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations and renal water and sodium excretion during normal pregnancy. In addition to investigate changes in concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, oxytocin, cortisol, and glucose in the blood before and in the nearest hours after delivery and if treatment with oxytocin affected these concentrations and the fluid balance during the different stages of labour.. Oxytocin, vasopressin, estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were analysed in blood plasma or serum by radioimmunoassay or ELISA: serum glucose, and osmolality, and sodium in plasma and urine were analysed by standard laboratory techniques.. Fifty-seven women were studied during pregnancy and fifty-one during parturition and post partum. The low plasma vasopressin and increasing plasma oxytocin concentrations with unchanged water and sodium excretion indicate that oxytocin assists vasopressin in concentrating urine during ...

Oxytocin increases the salience of both positive and negative social contexts and it is thought that these diverse actions on behavior are mediated in part through circuit-specific action. This hypothesis is based primarily on manipulations of oxytocin receptor function, leaving open the question of whether different populations of oxytocin neurons mediate different effects on behavior. Here we inhibited oxytocin synthesis in a stress-sensitive population of oxytocin neurons specifically within the medioventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTmv). Oxytocin knockdown prevented social stress-induced increases in social vigilance and decreases in social approach. Viral tracing of BNSTmv oxytocin neurons revealed fibers in regions controlling defensive behaviors, including lateral hypothalamus, anterior hypothalamus, and anteromedial BNST (BNSTam). Oxytocin infusion into BNSTam in stress naïve mice increased social vigilance and reduced social approach. These results show that a population ...

The aim of this study was to use functional neuroimaging to investigate whether oxytocin modulates the neural response to visual food cues in brain regions involved in the control of food intake. Twenty-four normal weight volunteers received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover study. Measurements were made forty-five minutes after dosing. On two occasions, functional MRI (fMRI) scans were performed in the fasted state; the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to images of high-calorie foods versus low-calorie foods was measured. Given its critical role in eating behaviour, the primary region of interest was the hypothalamus. Secondary analyses examined the parabrachial nuclei and other brain regions involved in food intake and food reward. Intranasal oxytocin administration suppressed hypothalamic activation to images of high-calorie compared to low-calorie food (P = 0.0125). There was also a trend towards suppression of activation in the ...

Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the brain that appears to have important roles in social cognition and emotion in humans. In a pilot study, the effects of a single dose of oxytocin on measures of emotion recognition and behaviour in patients with Frontotemporal Dementia were investigated. The results from the pilot study suggested that oxytocin may be associated with a modest improvement in neuropsychiatric behaviours seen in patients with Frontotemporal Dementia. To further examine the safety and tolerability of oxytocin in this disorder, the present study will examine the safety and tolerability of three different doses of intranasal oxytocin administered to patients with Frontotemporal Dementia twice daily for 1 week ...

The oxytocin-inactivating activity (OIA) of liver, kidney, uterus, pancreas, spleen and duodenum homogenates of hens was studied. The first-order constant of oxytocin inactivation was higher in the liver and pancreas than in the uterus and kidney or in the duodenum and spleen. Using synthetic analogues of oxytocin (deamino-oxytocin, deamino-carba1-oxytocin and carba1-oxytocin the mechanism of enzymic inactivation of oxytocin by hen tissue was investigated.. Enzymic hydrolysis by the CH2-terminal cleavage was most marked in duodenum (about 86% OIA) and kidney (54·8% OIA). Reduction of the disulphide bridge was most marked in the uterus (about 80% OIA) and pancreas (about 73% OIA). Splitting by non-specific aminopeptidases after reduction of the disulphide bridge occurred mainly in the liver (72% OIA) and in the spleen (44% OIA). ...

PART 2 The endogenous oxytocin system changes and matures over time as part of normal development. This paper postulates that individual factors and early external influences (i.e. parenting, stress and illness) affect the developing endogenous oxytocin system and its connectivity with other systems affecting oxytocin levels and alter responsiveness of the oxytocin system. When…

Abstract: Background: Oxytocin, a commonly used drug to prevent uterine atony after caesarean section, should be administered as dilute rapid infusion rather than as a bolus. This study was conducted to calculate ED90 of oxytocin infusion during caesarean delivery in parturients at high risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty parturients having one or more risk factors for PPH received a blinded infusion of oxytocin following emergency caesarean delivery. The initial dose of oxytocin infusion was started as 0.4 IU min−1. The dose of oxytocin infusion for the next parturient was based on the response of preceding patient in increments or decrements of 0.1 IU min−1 as per a biased-coin design up-down sequential method (UDM). Measurements of non-invasive blood pressure and heart rate were taken at 2 min intervals from the time of oxytocin infusion. Intraoperative blood loss was noted. Side effects such as tachycardia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, ...

Background: Oxytocin infusion is used for induction or augmentation of labor to prevent prolonged labor. A cheap and nonaggressive alternative which is effectively used for contraction stress test is nipple stimulation. However research regarding its efficacy and safety is still limited. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of nipple stimulation and oxytocin infusion on the duration of phases of labor.Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 132 low-risk pregnant women admitted to Asali hospital in 2006 -2007. Those having poor contractions in active phase of labor were randomly assigned into two groups of nipple stimulation and oxytocin infusion. Women in the nipple stimulation group had their nipples messaged by hands moving in circle and using lubricant gel. The oxytocin infusion was started at 0.25 mIU/min for the oxytocin infusion group. Data collection was carried out through observation, examination and interviews. Data were analyzed using statistical tests, repeated measure test,

Anxious patients treated with even the best currently available anti-anxiety drugs continue to experience significant symptoms.. A variety of basic science, animal studies, and human studies support the idea that the neuropeptide oxytocin may be effective against anxiety in humans. For example, plasma oxytocin levels may function as an index of central serotonin (5-HT) function in human subjects, and serotonin is well-known to be involved in clinical anxiety disorders. Since oxytocin is released directly from limbic-hypothalamic cells, this response presumably represents a direct central assessment of 5-HT response in limbic-hypothalamus (Lee 2003). In animal models, Ring 2006 examined the effects of oxytocin on both behavioral and autonomic parameters of the anxiety response in male mice using three pharmacologically validated preclinical models of anxiety: the four-plate test (FPT), elevated zero maze (EZM), and stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH). The results from this study provide specific ...

Oxytocin is a neurohormone that has been correlated with lactation, uterine-contractions, postpartum behavior, pro-social behavior, trust, empathy, and decreased anxiety. In addition, oxytocin is believed to underscore the tend-and-befriend response to stress. In this study, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and oxytocin levels were measured in response to a social stressor in human participants. Oxytocin was initially seen to increase with ACTH and cortisol in response to a social stressor. As levels of oxytocin increase, levels of ACTH and cortisol were shown to decrease or plateau. I conclude that oxytocin is released in response to a perceived stressor and display inhibitory effects over ACTH and cortisol.

A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for oxytocin was developed and used to measure oxytocin concentrations during both suckling and parturition in individual rats. In urethane-anaesthetized rats, the suckling stimuli, provided by ten pups, induced intermittent increases in intramammary pressure of about 10 mmHg. This was associated with a significant (P , 0·01) increase in serum oxytocin levels from 19·5 ± 4·5 (s.e.m., n = 9) to 49·1 ± 7·4 pmol/l (n = 9) in the samples taken within 30 s from the time of the peak in the pressure. These rises in serum oxytocin returned rapidly to the basal levels as expected from the short half-life (1·46 min) of oxytocin in general circulation.. On day 22 or 23 of gestation, serum oxytocin levels remained stable until 0-0·5 h before the first fetus was expelled. They then increased significantly (P , 0·01) from 27·6± 4·6 pmol/l (n = 19) in samples taken 0-0·5 h before to 45·1 ± 5·6 pmol/l in samples taken after the expulsion of ...

Maybe Im jumping too quickly to put two and two together but juxtaposing the description of the effect of Smiths Nambian root with the actions of oxytocin, I cant but wonder if there is some connection. There are numerous examples of other plants which contain hormones. Could this root contain oxytocin or could something in it stimulate oxytocin release in people? Food for thought, eh?. Here is concise but partial summary of oxytocins actions in the brain from Wikipedia:. 1. Sexual arousal. Oxytocin injected into the cerebrospinal fluid causes spontaneous erections in rats, reflecting actions in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. 2. Bonding. In the Prairie Vole, oxytocin released into the brain of the female during sexual activity is important for forming a monogamous pair bond with her sexual partner. Vasopressin appears to have a similar effect in males. In people, plasma concentrations of oxytocin have been reported to be higher amongst people who claim to be falling in love. Oxytocin has ...

Hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) is released into the brain by cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) with or without depolarizing stimulation. Previously, we showed that the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that seems to trigger OT release can be elevated by -NAD+, cADPR, and ADP in mouse oxytocinergic neurons. As these -NAD+ metabolites activate warm-sensitive TRPM2 cation channels, when the incubation temperature is increased, the [Ca2+]i in hypothalamic neurons is elevated. However, it has not been determined whether OT release is facilitated by heat in vitro or hyperthermia in vivo in combination with cADPR. Furthermore, it has not been examined whether CD38 and TRPM2 exert their functions on OT release during stress or stress-induced hyperthermia in relation to the anxiolytic roles and social behaviors of OT under stress conditions. Here, we report that OT release from the isolated hypothalami of male mice in culture was enhanced by extracellular application of cADPR or increasing the

AMHERST, Mass. - The hormone oxytocin appears to increase social behaviors in newborn rhesus monkeys, say researchers at the National Institutes of Health, the University of Parma, Italy, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Findings suggest that oxytocin is a promising candidate for new treatments for developmental disorders affecting social skills and bonding.. Oxytocin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, is involved in labor, birth and breast milk production. Studies have also shown that oxytocin plays a role in parental bonding, mating and social interactions. Because of this, many researchers have suggested that oxytocin might be useful in treating conditions affecting social behavior such as autism spectrum disorders.. Earlier research in adults has shown that oxytocin increases certain social behaviors, says behavioral endocrinologist Jerrold Meyer of UMass Amherst, but the current study is the first to show that it may have the same effect in primate infants, including ...

The effect of oxytocin on phosphoinositide metabolism as well as on membrane protein phosphorylation in myometrial tissue was studied. Oxytocin enhanced the 32P incorporation into phospholipids in myometrial tissue. The effect of oxytocin on phosphoinositide metabolism was also detected in plasma membrane of 20 days pregnant rats. Phosphorylated membrane lipids have been analysed and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate proved to be the main reaction product. Oxytocin enhanced the 32P incorporation into phospholipids measured in the first 30 sec then the labeling decreased more rapidly then in case of the control. The effect of oxytocin proved to be concentration dependent. The protein phosphorylation was also influenced by oxytocin. However the amount of alkylphosphate formed depended on the presence or absence of Ca2+, Ca2+-calmodulin and cyclic AMP, oxytocin influenced the protein phosphorylation in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin only.

Oxytocin Injection may be used as a uterine contractor to precipitate and accelerate normal parturition, the postpartum evacuation of uterine debris, and to facilitate udder milk-letdown.

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Oxytocin is critical for lactation and maternal care, but oxytocin and the related nonapeptide vasopressin are important for caregiving behaviors in fathers and alloparents as well. This experiment tested the effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on food sharing in marmoset families. We treated caregivers (parents, siblings) with intranasal vasopressin, oxytocin, or saline, and then paired them with the youngest marmoset in the family. Caregivers were given preferred food, and then observed for food sharing and aggressive behavior with young marmosets. Oxytocin reduced food sharing from male alloparents to youngest siblings, and fathers that received vasopressin refused to share food with their youngest offspring more often than when treated with oxytocin. Vasopressin increased aggressive vocalizations directed toward potential food recipients in all classes of caregivers. These results indicate that vasopressin and oxytocin do not always enhance prosocial behavior: modulation of food sharing depends on

Elephant specific information, if available, is in blue.. Chemistry - A nonapeptide hypothalamic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary (in mammals), oxytocin occurs as a white powder that is soluble in water. The commercially available preparations are highly purified and have virtually no antidiuretic or vasopressor activity when administered at usual doses. Oxytocin potency is standardized according to its vasopressor activity in chickens and is expressed in USP Posterior Pituitary Units. One unit is equivalent of approximately 2.0 - 2.2 micrograms of pure hormone.. Commercial preparations of oxytocin injection have their pH adjusted with acetic acid to 2.5-4.5 and multi-dose vials generally contain chlorbutanol 0.5% as a preservative.. Storage/Stability/Compatibility - Oxytocin injection should be stored at temperatures of less than 25°C, but should not be frozen. Some manufacturers recommend storing the product under refrigeration (2-8°C), but some products have been demonstrated to be ...

Chronic oxytocin administration inhibits food intake, increases energy expenditure, and produces weight loss in fructose-fed obese rhesus monkeys: © 2015 the Am

The main goal of the study is to look at the effects of intranasal oxytocin on the brain in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Oxytocin is a hormone that exists

Question: What is oxytocin?. Paul: Oxytocin is a mammalian neurochemical that your brain makes and is released during almost any positive social interaction. It motivates us to engage with other people. When your brain makes oxytocin, you have an increased sense of empathy for about ½ hour and reduced stress. During that time, you are more motivated to connect to people around you . The release of oxytocin also activates a much larger network in the brain, called the HOME Network: Human Oxytocin Mediated Empathy system. Oxytocin facilitates the mid-brain to release a chemical called dopamine that is essentially the reward signal. It makes us feel good. Nature has set up a system that rewards us we connect to others, as we relax and feel good.. The HOME Network directly improves the systems of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. It can also directly impact and potentially slow tumor growth by reducing the production of the stress hormone cortisol. Question: What has your oxytocin research ...

© 2014, PLOS ONE. Recent work has shown that oxytocin is involved in more than lactation and uterine contraction. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains neuroendocrine neurons that control the release of hormones, including vasopressin and oxytocin. Other populations of PVN neurons do not release hormones, but rather project to and release neurotransmitters onto other neurons in the CNS involved in fluid retention, thermoregulation, sexual behavior and responses to stress. Activation of oxytocin receptors can be cardioprotective and reduces the adverse cardiovascular consequences of anxiety and stress, yet how oxytocin can affect heart rate and cardiac function is unknown. While anatomical work has shown the presence of peptides, including oxytocin, in the projections from the PVN to parasympathetic nuclei, electrophysiological studies to date have only demonstrated release of glutamate and activation of fast ligand gated receptors in these pathways. In this study, using rats,

The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in social behavior and is being evaluated as a possible treatment for autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, but the neural mechanisms through which oxytocin modulates social behavior remain largely unknown. One possibility is that social interaction recruits the brains reward circuits and that oxytocin plays a role in this process, which ultimately reinforces social behavior. In a recent study, Dolen et al. elucidate key circuits and mechanisms through which oxytocin can modulate social behavior via actions on the nucleus accumbems, a key component of the brains reward circuitry.. Dolen et al. studied social conditioned place preference (social CPP), in which mice prefer to spend time in a chamber that was previously associated with social interaction instead of in a chamber previously associated with social isolation. This task measures the rewarding effects of social interactions. Dolen et al. found that ablating presynaptic oxytocin ...

Oxytocin production increases the more you get the stress out of your life. A very interesting aspect of this hormone is, the more you increase it, the more you make!

The first bit of evidence that points to oxytocin as natures love glue comes from researchers who measured the hormone in couples. Psychology professor Ruth Feldman at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, spent years studying oxytocins role in the mother-child bond and recently decided to dive into the uncharted waters of romantic bonds by comparing oxytocin levels in new lovers and singles. The increase in oxytocin during the period of falling in love was the highest that we ever found, she says of a study she and her colleagues published in Psychoneuroendocrinology. New lovers had double the amount Feldman usually sees in pregnant women ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine - 5-HT) receptors in mediation of stress-induced arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) secretion in male rats.. DESIGN: Experiments on laboratory rats with control groups.. METHODS: Different stress paradigms were applied after pretreatment with intracerebroventricular infusion of saline or different 5-HT antagonists.. RESULTS: Restraint stress (5 min), hypotensive hemorrhage or dehydration for 24 h increased AVP secretion fivefold and OT secretion threefold. Swim stress for 3 min had no effect on AVP secretion, but increased OT secretion threefold. Ether vapor or hypoglycemia had no effect on AVP or OT secretion. The restraint stress-induced AVP response was inhibited by pretreatment with the 5-HT(2A+2C) antagonists ketanserin (KET) and LY-53857 (LY) and the 5-HT(3+4) antagonist ICS-205930 (ICS), whereas the 5-HT(1A) antagonist WAY-100635 (WAY) had no effect. The OT response to restraint stress was inhibited by ...

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This study used population-based data to examine the relationship between peripartum synthetic oxytocin administration and the development of depressive and anxiety disorders within the first year postpartum.

Human beings make decisions based on implicit and explicit processes. The implicit processes are regulated by hormones; however, the same hormone could affect multiple behaviors. In this study, I will modify oxytocin levels by manipulating feelings of trustworthiness and observe if the changes in oxytocin levels affect a distinct construct controlled by this hormone: evaluative processes of romantic stimuli. I will utilize a neuroeconomic game to manipulate endogenous oxytocin levels and observe whether this manipulation changes peoples attitudes towards romantic pictures and their overall desire for a romantic connection.

Oxytocin, a peptide produced in the brain, may bring hearts together or it can help induce aggression. That conclusion arises from unique research by scientist in which mice living in semi-natural conditions had their oxytocin producing brain cells manipulated in a highly precise manner. The findings could shed new light on efforts to use oxytocin to treat a variety of psychiatric conditions, from social anxiety and autism to schizophrenia.

Background: Research in mammals has demonstrated the involvement of oxytocin (OT) in social bond formation; yet, its role in human bonding remains unclear. Plasma OT has been used as a proxy for central activity and studies indicate its association with human affiliative behaviors. Molecular genetic studies also reveal a role for OT neuropathways in shaping the social brain. However, the links between peripheral OT, genetic markers, and their combined contribution to human parenting are unknown. Methods: Participants included 352 individuals: 272 mothers and fathers and their 4- to 6-month-old-infants and 80 nonparents. Plasma OT was assayed from adults who were genotyped for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and CD38 risk alleles associated with social dysfunctions. CD38 is an ectoenzyme that mediates the release of brain OT. Parent-infant interactions were microcoded for parental touch and gaze synchrony and participants reported on parental care in childhood. Results: OXTR (rs2254298 and rs1042778) ...

Oxytocin analogues (pitocin, Syntocinon®) are used to induce labour and support labour in case of non-progression of the parturition. It has largely replaced ergotamine as the principal agent to increase uterine tone in acute postpartum haemorrhage. An oxytocin nose spray may be a useful adjunct to stimulate breastfeeding. Inhibition of oxytocin action is the mode of action of the new tocolytic agent atosiban (Tractocile®), which is registered in many countries to suppress premature labour between 24 and 33 weeks of gestation. It has fewer side-effects than drugs previously used for this purpose (ritodrine, salbutamol and terbutaline). A 2005 study by Fehr et al suggested that nasally administered oxytocin worked to generate trust in humans. They demonstrated that in a risky investment game, experimental subjects given the hormone displayed what the researchers deemed the highest level of trust twice as often as the control group who were given placebos. The same experiment with the subjects ...

Development of myometrium in young female rats was stimulated by administration of diethylstilboestrol. Plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat myometrium were separated by a new and rapid method using a Percoll gradient. Calcium uptake was inhibited in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from oxytocin-treated myometrium, while no consistent effect of oxytocin was found on the Ca2+ uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Oxytocin regulated the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump by decreasing its apparent affinity for Ca2+ without affecting its maximal velocity. The K1/2 for Ca2+ in the absence of calmodulin was 0.41 +/- 0.04 microM in normal membranes; this was increased to 0.93 +/- 0.12 microM in oxytocin-treated membranes. Calmodulin decreased the K1/2 for Ca2+ to 0.27 +/- 0.027 microM and oxytocin also increased this, to 0.46 +/- 0.061 microM. The effect of oxytocin on the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump was highly dependent on the hormonal status of the animals. When the diethylstilboestrol was ...

Oxytocin is a hormone primarily known for increasing bonding, social behaviour and closeness between parents, children and couples. Increased oxytocin levels have been found, for example, in partners in functional relationships. In women, it is also produced during the childbirth process and during breastfeeding to increase the mothers bond with the baby.

Answer: Real. Researchers in Poland recently looked into the issue of retained placenta in draft mares, desiring to answer the question of why treatment of a retained placenta with repeated injections of oxytocin so often fails. They put forth the hypothesis that it may be the expression of oxytocin receptors that differs in mares that retain fetal membranes due to secondary uterine atony (lack of physiologic tone, muscle weakness). The objective of this study was to determine whether the expression of oxytocin receptors in equine placental tissue differs in these draft mares that normally pass their fetal membranes vs. those mares that retain them. Placental biopsies were taken from 8 draft mares during foaling. 4 mares passed their placenta shortly after foaling (control group) and 4 mares retained their placenta due to secondary uterine atony. The number of oxytocin receptors was estimated and the presence and location of these receptors determined. Results showed that the oxytocin receptor ...

Trust pervades human societies. Trust is indispensable in friendship, love, families and organizations, and plays a key role in economic exchange and politics. In the absence of trust among trading partners, market transactions break down. In the absence of trust in a countrys institutions and leaders, political legitimacy breaks down. Much recent evidence indicates that trust contributes to economic, political and social success. Little is known, however, about the biological basis of trust among humans. Here we show that intranasal administration of oxytocin, a neuropeptide that plays a key role in social attachment and affiliation in non-human mammals, causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions. We also show that the effect of oxytocin on trust is not due to a general increase in the readiness to bear risks. On the contrary, oxytocin specifically affects an individuals willingness to accept social risks arising through

Ive linked before to this article that speculates that women with low oxytocin levels may experience depression associated with weaning from breastfeeding. Specifically, previous studies have suggested that women who have naturally low levels of oxytocin will suffer from depression. That made sense to me. When you breastfeed, your body is supposed to release oxytocin,…

BACKGROUND: The neuropeptide oxytocin is increasing the focus of many studies investigating human and animal social behaviours and diseases. However, interpretation and comparison of results is made difficult by a lack of consistent methodological approaches towards analysing this hormone. NEW METHOD: This study determined the sample collection and analysis protocols that cause the least amounts of protocol dependant variation in plasma oxytocin concentrations detected by ELISA. The effect of vacutainer type, sample extraction prior to analysis and capture and restraint protocol were investigated while validating an assay protocol for two novel species, grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). RESULTS: Where samples are extracted prior to analysis, vacutainer type (EDTA mean: 8.25±0.56pg/ml, heparin mean: 8.25±0.62pg/ml, p=0.82), time taken to obtain a sample and restraint protocol did not affect the concentration of oxytocin detected. However, concentrations of ...

Oxytocin, a hormone that promotes emotional bonding, also benefits people having trouble dealing with stress. A new study suggests that giving oxytocin for a week shortly following a traumatic experience reduces the risk that the recipient will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).. In the study by researcher Mirjam van Zuiden and colleagues, people who visited an emergency room following some kind of trauma were randomized to receive either a placebo nasal spray or intranasal oxytocin twice daily for 7.5 days beginning within 12 days after the trauma. The dosage was 40 IU twice daily.. For those participants with severe PTSD symptoms at baseline, repeated oxytocin administration prevented worsening PTSD. The research was presented at the 2016 meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry.. ...

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All patients receiving intravenous oxytocin must be under continuous observation by trained personnel with a thorough knowledge of the drug and qualified to identify complications. A physician qualified to manage any complications should be immediately available.. When properly administered, oxytocin should stimulate uterine contractions similar to those seen in normal labor. Overstimulation of the uterus by improper administration can be hazardous to both mother and fetus. Even with proper administration and adequate supervision, hypertonic contractions can occur in patients whose uteri are hypersensitive to oxytocin.. Except in unusual circumstances, oxytocin should not be administered in the following conditions: prematurity, borderline cephalopelvic disproportion, previous major surgery on the cervix or uterus including Caesarean section, overdistention of the uterus, grand multiparity or invasive cervical carcinoma. Because of the variability of the combinations of factors which may be ...

Background: Oxytocin is widely used for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. In the setting of Caesarean section (CS), the dosage and mode of administrating oxytocin differs according to different guidelines. Inappropriate oxytocin doses have been identified as contributory to some cases of maternal deaths. The main aim of this study was to audit the current standard of clinical practice with regard to the use of oxytocin during CS at a referral hospital in Botswana. Methods: A clinical audit of pregnant women having CS and given oxytocin at the time of the operation was conducted over a period of three months. Data included indications for CS, oxytocin dose regimen, prescribing clinicians designation, type of anaesthesia for the CS and estimated blood loss. Results: A total of 139 case records were included. The commonest dose was 20 IU infusion (31.7%). The potentially dangerous regimen of 10 IU intravenous bolus of oxytocin was used in 12.9% of CS. Further doses were utilized in 57 ...

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Oxytocin is released in response to a fatty meal. Blockage of the oxytocin receptor led to slower gastric emptying whereas stimulation resulted in less satiety in healthy volunteers. Patients with diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis lack oxytocin elevation, and dyspepsia is partly caused by reduced fundus accommodation causing early satiety and related symptoms. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effect of oxytocin on gastric emptying, satiety and volume intake in patients with gastrointestinal pathology. Gastric emptying scintigraphy was performed twice in 12 patients with diabetic gastroparesis, once with oxytocin and once with saline as intravenous infusions. The patients scored their sensation of satiety using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis was prolonged during oxytocin infusion (p = 0.034) without affecting satiety. A slow satiety drinking test was performed in 14 patients with functional dyspepsia. The patients scored their satiety

BioAssay record AID 513723 submitted by ChEMBL: Displacement of [3H]-oxytocin from human oxytocin receptor expressed in HEK293-EBNA cells.

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with deficits in three main behavioral areas: social behaviors, repetitive behaviors, and language abnormalities. Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role for oxytocin signaling in the etiology of autism. Oxytocin signaling is integral to complex social behaviors such as fear, social recognition, and monogamous pair bonding initiation (Wang and Aragona 2004; Kirsch, Esslinger et al. 2005; Choleris, Little et al. 2007). Furthermore, evidence of a causal relationship between altered oxytocin levels and repetitive behaviors exists both humans and animals (Drago, Pederson et al. 1986; Hollander, Novotny et al. 2003). However, limited research exists to document a role for oxytocin and oxytocin related peptides in communication related behavior either in humans or animal models. Oxytocin immunoreactive neurons have been found in brain areas associated with the vocal behaviors of both the mustached bat and the plainfin midshipman fish and increased plasma ...

Oxytocin is a hormone produced in an area of the brain known as the hypothalamus, whose release activates a variety of brain regions resulting in many different functions, including birth (labor), breast feeding (lactation), maternal behavior, parental care, social bonding, affiliation (such as couples being together), and well-being. In recent studies in humans, oxytocin has been shown to be associated with increases in prosocial behaviors such as trust, altruism, generosity, cooperation and empathy. These various functions suggest that oxytocin may promote health by reducing stress and increasing calm/relaxed states, resulting in improved quality of life and well-being.. Given oxytocins stress-reducing and calming properties, and its capacity to increase well-being, its action may be relevant to those fighting cancer. We conducted a study to look at the effects of two mind-body therapies on changes in salivary oxytocin levels in a cancer survivor population with self-reported sleep ...

How is Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex abbreviated? D-MER stands for Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex. D-MER is defined as Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex somewhat frequently.

The purpose of this study is to compare the change in suck and swallow competency from baseline to day 5 with intranasal oxytocin spray vs placebo in

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of early versus delayed oxytocin augmentation on the obstetrical and neonatal outcome in nulliparous women with spontaneous but prolonged labour. DESIGN: Randomised controlled study. SETTING: Two delivery units in Sweden. POPULATION: Healthy nulliparous women with normal pregnancies, spontaneous onset of active labour, a cervical dilatation of 4-9 cm and no progress in cervical dilatation for 2 hours and for an additional hour if amniotomy was performed due to slow progress. METHODS: Women (n = 630) were randomly allocated either to labour augmentation by oxytocin infusion (early oxytocin group) or to postponement of oxytocin augmentation for another 3 hours (expectant group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mode of delivery (spontaneous vaginal or instrumental vaginal delivery or caesarean section) and time from randomisation to delivery. RESULTS: The caesarean section rate was 29 of 314 (9%) in the early oxytocin group and 34 of 316 (11%) in the expectant group (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial and is likely the result of complex interactions between multiple environmental and genetic factors. Recently, it has been suggested that each symptom cluster of the disorder, such as poor social communication, may be mediated by different genetic influences. Genes in the oxytocin pathway, which mediates social behaviours in humans, have been studied with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) being implicated in ASD. This thesis examines the presence of different oxytocin receptor genotypes, and their associations with ASD and resulting social communication deficits. Methods: The relationship between four OXTR variants and ASD was evaluated in 607 ASD simplex (SPX) families. Cases were compared to their unaffected siblings using a conditional logistic approach. Odds ratios and associated 95 percent confidence intervals were obtained. A second sample of 235 individuals with a diagnosis of ASD was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparison of particle-associated progesterone and oxytocin in the ovine corpus luteum. AU - Rice, G. E.. AU - Jenkin, G.. AU - Thorburn, G. D.. PY - 1986/1/1. Y1 - 1986/1/1. N2 - The subcellular distribution of progesterone and oxytocin within the ovine corpus luteum was investigated using differential and density gradient centrifugation. Progesterone and oxytocin were associated with particles which sedimented to a density of 1.049-1.054 g/ml and 1.054-1.061 g/ml respectively. Particle-associated progesterone did not, however, display physical or biochemical characteristics consistent with its storage within secretory granules. When particle-associated progesterone was incubated in HEPES buffer at 37°C, 70% of the total progesterone was recovered in the incubation medium. The remaining stable particle-associated progesterone was not affected by treatments which stimulated oxytocin release and which have been shown to cause the release of peptides and biogenic amines from ...

MDMA (±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) is used recreationally, reportedly because it increases feelings of empathy, sociability, and interpersonal closeness. One line of evidence suggests that MDMA produces these effects by releasing oxytocin, a peptide involved in social bonding. In the current study, we investigated the acute effects of MDMA and oxytocin on social and emotional processing in healthy human volunteers. MDMA users (N=65) participated in a 4-session, within-between-subjects study in which they received oral MDMA (0.75, 1.5 mg/kg), intranasal oxytocin (20 or 40 IU), or placebo under double-blind conditions. The primary outcomes included measures of emotion recognition and sociability (desire to be with others). Cardiovascular and subjective effects were also assessed. As expected, MDMA dose-dependently increased heart rate and blood pressure and feelings of euphoria (eg, High and Like Drug). On measures of social function, MDMA impaired recognition of angry and ...

Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus (S.H.K., A.D.J.F., P.R.B., V.T.) and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital (V.T.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and ObsEva SA, Geneva, Switzerland (O.P., A.C., J.-P.G ...

The 1980s heralded the discovery and identification of extra-pituitary sources of the neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin in non-neural tissues of several animal species. The presence, location and biosynthesis of significant amounts of oxytocin in the ovarian corpus luteum was followed by the immunocytochemical demonstration of an oxytocin-like peptide in the testicular interstitial cells. Leydig cells, which comprise up to 80% of the testicular intertubular cell population, are known to synthesize testosterone in situ. Indirect evidence indicated that an oxytocin-like peptide was also present in Leydig cells.. The question arose whether this peptide was synthesized de novo by Leydig cells or was taken up and stored by the cells following biosynthesis at some other intra- and/or extra-gonadal source(s). Since luteinizing hormone (LH) and ascorbate are known to augment the production of oxytocin in ovarian granulosa cells, varying concentrations of these two stimulants were used to monitor the ...

4): 270-77) The autistic group appeared to have significantly lower blood oxytocin levels than the normal group.... ... Artificial induction of labour creates situations that undoubtedly interfere with the development and the reorganization of the oxytocin system in such a critical period. This fact alone is a reason for further epidemiological studies focusing on labour induction as a possible risk factor. It would be useful to know also how autistic children release oxytocin. Oxytocin is more effective when released rhythmically, in a succession of fast pulsations. Today it is possible to measure the rhythmicity the pulsatility of oxytocin release. In other words, the time has come to study autism as an impaired capacity to love.. Midwifery Todays Editor Jan Triton notes: Oxytocin is a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland. Its mechanical effects, particularly its stimulating effects on uterine contractions during labour, have been known for a long time. Recently we learned ...

Recent research has suggested that oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variants may account for individual differences in social behavior, the effects of stress and parenting styles. Little is known, however, on a putative role of the gene in heritable temperamental traits. We addressed effects of two common OXTR variants, rs237900 and rs237902, on personality dimensions in 99 healthy subjects using the Temperament and Character Inventory. When sex was controlled for and an OXTR genotype*sex interaction term was included in the regression model, 11% of the variance in Harm Avoidance could be explained (uncorrected p ≤ 0.01). Female carriers of the minor alleles scored highest, and a novel A217T mutation emerged in the most harm avoidant male participant. Findings lend support to a modulatory effect of common OXTR variants on Harm Avoidance in healthy caucasian women and invite resequencing of the gene in anxiety phenotypes to identify more explanatory functional variation.

I will be writing more about each speakers presentation when time permits. I was very interested in Dr. Nanit Gordons presentation about Oxytocins Impact on Social Cognitive Brain Function in Youth with ASD which seemed to follow directly from a presentation I heard earlier in a preconference session about parental behaviors and childrens capacity to become members of the social group, understand complex social signals and develop social collaboration. I reference that session in paragraph 2). Dr. Gordon presented data including fMRI images showing the effect of Oxytocin on areas of the brain important to the aforementioned social capacities. Oxytocin was one of the response items to certain types of interaction, particularly parental interaction. My concern and my questions concerned whether if parental interaction increases a hormonal response, oxytocin, which improves capacity for at risk children to develop social capacity does that imply that our current research is indicating a return ...

ENCODES a protein that exhibits neuropeptide hormone activity (ortholog); oxytocin receptor binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN drinking behavior (ortholog); eating behavior (ortholog); female pregnancy (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN oxytocin signaling pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety disorder (ortholog); autistic disorder (ortholog); Burns (ortholog); FOUND IN cytoplasm (ortholog); extracellular region (ortholog); extracellular space (ortholog)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Transcriptional regulation of the oxytocin receptor gene. AU - Bale, Tracy L.. AU - Dorsa, Daniel M.. PY - 1998/12/29. Y1 - 1998/12/29. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031647807&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031647807&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Review article. C2 - 10026818. AN - SCOPUS:0031647807. VL - 449. SP - 307. EP - 315. JO - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. JF - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. SN - 0065-2598. ER - ...

The Role of Oxytocin as a Potential Biomarker for Psychosis Dr. Woolley has been studying the underpinnings of social deficits in schizophrenia and is currently examining oxytocins potential as a treatment for the social dysfunction observed in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia often demonstrate significant social cognitive deficits that can impair the formation and maintenance of healthy relationships, and negatively impact social interactions and community participation. However, there are currently no pharmacological treatments available to target these deficits. In healthy individuals, the natural hormone oxytocin has been shown to enhance social abilities such as understanding emotions and trusting others. Thus, a primary focus of our research has been to examine whether supplementary oxytocin administration can improve social cognition in individuals with schizophrenia, which may ultimately lead to stronger relationships, improved social and occupational ...

This review describes the recent literature surveyed regarding the synthesis of 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanone (3-ABNs) and their biological activities in the last six years (2008-2014). These heterocyclic compounds are obtained from the Mannich reaction of ketones, aldehydes and ammonium acetate in polar aprotic solvents.

The Dublin High Court has heard that the misuse of syntocinon resulted in birth injuries to a young girl who now suffers from dyskinetic cerebral palsy.. Grace Orchard (8) from Carrigaline in County Cork was born at St Finbarr´s Maternity Hospital on 23rd February 2006. Prior to her delivery, her mother had been administered the drug syntocinon to speed up her contractions.. However, syntocinon also has the effect of exacerbating foetal distress and rather than conduct a Caesarean section on her mother, Grace was delivered by forceps after four previous attempts to bring her into the world - including one using a vacuum cup - had failed.. Grace had to be resuscitated after she was born, and was in a poor condition due to the trauma she had suffered in the womb. She was subsequently diagnosed with dyskinetic cerebral palsy which - according to her solicitor - was attributable to appalling poor handling by hospital staff during her delivery.. Through her mother - Deidre O´Callaghan - Grace ...

Trust plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of human social relationships. But trusting others is associated with a cost, given the prevalence of cheaters and deceivers in human society. Recent research has shown that the peptide hormone oxytocin increases trust in humans. However, oxytocin also makes individuals susceptible to betrayal, because under influence of oxytocin, subjects perseverate in giving trust to others they know are untrustworthy. Testosterone, a steroid hormone associated with competition and dominance, is often viewed as an inhibitor of sociality, and may have antagonistic properties with oxytocin. The following experiment tests this possibility in a placebo-controlled, within-subjects design involving the administration of testosterone to 24 female subjects. We show that compared with the placebo, testosterone significantly decreases interpersonal trust, and, as further analyses established, this effect is determined by those who give trust easily. We ...

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This proposal research focuses on the biology underlying prosociality, which centers on emotions and behaviors that benefit others, in mother-baby-grandmother triads. One specific aim will center on how moral elevation, an emotional state generated through witnessing great acts of compassion, is related to caregiving behaviors and variations in the oxytocin system, a hormone important for an array of prosocial behaviors, including social bonding. In addition, the mothers and grandmothers will answer questionnaires to capture other aspects of their experiences. Our main investigation is to show that the emotional state of moral elevation is linked to epigenetic and genetic profiles of the oxytocin receptor gene, autonomic physiology, psychological profiles, behavioral displays, and oxytocin release. Altogether, this multimethod approach will explore the relationship between static (genetic) and dynamic (hormone, epigenetic) oxytocinergic profiles in the context of socioemotional processing influenced by

So, this study is suggesting that oxytocin, the love and bonding neurotransmitter, may play a bigger role in other activities than previously thought. This makes a lot of sense intuitively - of course, if you are in a state of liking, bonding, attraction, inhibition-reduction, and novelty-seeking, you are more likely to be creative, or be able to quickly adopt new ideas or new ways of thinking.. http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/07/16/scan.nst094.abstract Oxytonergic circuitry sustains and enables creative cognition in humans. Using double-blind placebo-controlled between-subjects designs, Studies 3-6 (N = 191) finally showed that intranasal oxytocin (vs matching placebo) reduced analytical reasoning, and increased holistic processing, divergent thinking and creative performance. We conclude that the oxytonergic circuitry sustains and enables the day-to-day creativity humans need for survival and prosperity and discuss implications. . ...

Syntocinon (Oxytocin) Nasal Spray is used for the inducement of contractions. In addition it is used for the stimulation of labour in woman who have too week contractions.

INJECTABLE SOLUTION. Composition:. Each ml solution contains:. 10 I.U. synthetic oxytocin.. Spectrum of activity:. Oxytocin (pituitary posterior lobe extract) is a hormone, influencing sensibilized uterine musculature in the late stage of pregnancy, during and a few days after parturition.. It is used for speeding expulsion of the foetus or foetuses, and after parturition it promotes the expulsion of the placenta and the involution of the uterus. Owing to its effect on myoepithelial cells around the alveoli of the udder, it stimulates and increases the secretion of milk.. Indications:. Weak pains in the course of delivery, puerperal atonia of the uterus, retention of the placenta, post partum haemorrhage, prolapse of uterus, post partum agalactia, in mares, cows, sows, ewes, goats, bitches, cats.. Contra-indications:. Incomplete cervical dilatation, disposition of the foetus; too big foetus.. Side-effects:. Short vasodilatation, decreased blood pressure and/or hyper stimulation of the uterus if ...

Before you shop for the cuddle hormone oxytocin to relieve stress and enhance your social life, read this: a new study from the University of California, Davis, suggests that sometimes, blocking the action of oxytocin in the brain may be a better option. The results are published online in the journal Biological Psychiatry.

Women have a very important hormone named oxytocin that is found to play a huge role in building social interaction and relationships in mammals, especially humans. This hormone is also found to help connect us to others. The trust, closeness, pleasant touch, eye contact, and empathy are all triggered in an individual with the help of the hormone. The oxytocin levels in the mother are found to have an impact on the childs behavior and also help mothers build a stronger bond with their baby. According to Tobias Grossmann from the Max Planck Institute and Jessica Connelly and Kathleen Krol from the University of Virginia, the development of oxytocin system in a child is found to rely on the mothers behavior.. During childhood, an individual has his/her systems maturing either physiologically or behavior-wise as a step to adulthood. Oxytocin plays an important role in early social, perceptual, & cognitive functions and even complex social behaviors also depend on the hormone. The recent study has ...

Happy Thanksgiving Week! This is your brain on Oxytocin after a passionate kiss! Im going to give you a Thanksgiving assignment this year with a twist of Oxytocin!

Read Regionally Specific Effects of Oxytocin on Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Male and Female Rats, International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Consequence of Exogenous Administration of Oxytocin on Reproductive and Productive Parameters during Postpartum Involution Period in Newly Calved Nili-Ravi Buffaloes

How childhood trauma can impair our capacity to love others with particular reference to oxytocin and how to naturally increase oxytocin levels.

Oxytocin Sprays: oxytocin squirt contain oxytocin which helps you to build trust and others. Following using it, you can be a lot more believe in worthy person for other people. This will help you connect with other people effortlessly. These sprays can be applied to various areas of the body like neck wrists cloths and so on. These days many different varieties of oxytocin sprays are available in market. Most of them have incredible effects and have helped many people to achieve results goals. When these types of oxytocins are usually smelled simply by other people their oxytocin degree increase and immediately creates an automatics developing ...

Introduction: Co-administration of phenylephrine prevents oxytocin-induced hypotension during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia (SA), but higher doses cause reflex bradycardia. This study compares the effects of co-administration of two different doses of phenylephrine on oxytocin-induced hypotension during caesarean section under SA. Methods: In this prospective, double-blind study, 90 parturients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2, undergoing caesarean section under SA were randomised into Group A: oxytocin 3U and phenylephrine 50 μg, Group B: oxytocin 3U and phenylephrine 75 μg, Group C: oxytocin 3U and normal saline, administered intravenously over 5 min after baby extraction ...

NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL FUNCTION DURING ACUTE OSMOTIC STIMULATION IN RATS : ROLE OF VASOPRESSIN IN REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND OXYTOCIN RELEASE A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Wing-Tai Savio Cheng DARTMOUTH COLLEGE Hanover, New Hampshire August 1986 ...

S]tudies are finding that oxytocin can increase the amount of money people will donate to a charity. One study in particular lent credence to the time honored method charities use to pull money from magazine readers: Feature a woebegone child in your advertisement. In the study, researchers had subjects watch a tearjerker film of a father talking about his sons brain tumor. They sampled subjects blood before and after the film. Following the film the blood was awash in oxytocin, and their donations to charity rose 47 percent, compared to those of subjects who saw a film of the same father talking about a trip to the zoo. The tearjerker technique was more effective on women than men. Experiments wherein people sniff oxytocin to bolster the chemical in their brain show that the chemical may work in two ways. It may operate first by dampening our natural fear of one another. Oxytocin is very active in the amygdala, which monitors the world for danger. Extra oxytocin fights fear. Then, with that ...

Scientists recently found the gene responsible for constructing social memory. According to the July issue of Nature Genetics, researchers at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, discovered that the oxytocin gene enables an individual to recognize someone previously encountered.. If the oxytocin gene is missing or defective, then severe deficits in social memory occur. Without this fundamental ability, even your own mother would remain a stranger, study author James T. Winslow told the press. With the help of some transgenic or knockout male mice who lacked the oxytocin gene, researchers were able to expose the link between genetics and social memory. In order to test the social behaviors of mice, Winslow and his team closely observed the way mice use their sense of smell. A normal male mouse will use its sense of smell in order to get to know a female mouse until she becomes familiar. If a male and female are reintroduced 30 or 60 minutes after separation, the male ...

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed major operations in women throughout the world. Rates are escalating, with studies from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, China and the Republic of Ireland reporting rates between 20% and 25%. Operative morbidity includes haemorrhage, anaemia, blood transfusion and in severe cases, maternal death. The value of routine oxytocics in the third stage of vaginal birth has been well established and it has been assumed that these benefits apply to caesarean delivery as well. A slow bolus dose of oxytocin is recommended following delivery of the baby at caesarean section. Some clinicians use an additional infusion of oxytocin for a further period following the procedure. Intravenous oxytocin has a very short half-life (4?10 minutes) therefore the potential advantage of an oxytocin infusion is that it maintains uterine contractility throughout the surgical procedure and immediate postpartum period, when most... ...