The effects of ouabain or ouabain and furosemide on renal function and renin secretion were studied in conscious isovolemic sheep. The sheep received a continuous renal arterial infusion of papaverine, 7 mg/min, throughout the experiment. Ouabain alone (7 X 10(-7) M in the renal plasma) produced significant decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) but not in renal perfusion pressure. Plasma [K+] rose after ouabain administration. Fractional (FENa) and absolute (UNaV) Na+ excretion were 2.9 +/- 1.0% (mean +/- SE) and 78 +/- 54 muEq/min, respectively, during the papaverine infusion and rose to 19 +/- 5.1% (P less than 0.05) and 528 +/- 116 muEq/min (P less than 0.01) after ouabain administration. Despite the large changes in Na+ reabsorption, renin secretion was not stimulated. During the control period, renin secretion was 281 +/- 131 ng/min and the average renin secretion after ouabain administration was 310 +/- 78 ng/min (not significant). A smaller dose of ...

Changes in the sodium/potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ pump) of human leukocytes may reflect changes in the Na+/K+ pump of vascular smooth muscle cells in cryptogenic (essential) hypertension. Lymphocytes from healthy donors have significantly fewer Na+/K+ pumps than normal when incubated for 72 h with serum from patients with crytogenic hypertension. This effect might be due to Na+/K+ pump inhibition by a cardiac glycoside-like substance in the serum. We assessed the sensitivity of two techniques for measuring inhibition of cellular (Na+/K+ pumps by ouabain at low concentrations in vitro. We incubated lymphocytes from healthy subjects for 1 h and 72 h with unlabelled ouabain at different concentrations to determine the lowest concentration which inhibits specific 3H-ouabain binding (the number of Na+/K+ pumps) and ouabain sensitive 86rubidium influx (pump activity). Incubation of cells with ouabain for 1 h did not significantly affect Na+/K+ pump activity. The lowest ouabain ...

1. The influence of single-dose intravenous ouabain on haemodynamics, renal function and vasoactive hormones was investigated in healthy subjects.. 2. After ouabain injection there was a significant reduction in minimum and average hourly heart rates. Diastolic blood pressure fell immediately after ouabain, without a significant change in systolic blood pressure.. 3. There was no change in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, hourly urine volume or sodium and potassium excretion.. 4. Ouabain injection was associated with a fall in plasma angiotensin II levels and a rise in plasma adrenaline levels, but plasma noradrenaline levels were unchanged. Both plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide levels were increased after ouabain administration.. 5. The present study demonstrates that ouabain has significant although minor, acute effects on plasma levels of vasoactive hormones. It fails, however, to confirm that ouabain is an acute pressor or natriuretic substance. If it has an important ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantification of Rat Cerebral Cortex Na+,K+‐ATPase. T2 - Effect of Age and Potassium Depletion. AU - Schmidt, Thomas Andersen. AU - Larsen, Jim Stenfatt. AU - Kjeldsen, Keld. PY - 1992/12. Y1 - 1992/12. N2 - Abstract: Na+,K+‐ATPase concentration in rat cerebral cortex was studied by vanadate‐facilitated [3H]ouabain binding to intact samples and by K+‐dependent 3‐O‐methylfluorescein phosphatase activity determinations in crude homogenates. Methodological errors of both methods were evaluated. [3H]Ouabain binding to cerebral cortex obtained from 12‐week‐old rats measured incubating samples in buffer containing [3H]ouabain, and ouabain at a final concentration of 1 × 10-6 mol/L gave a value of 11,351 ± 177 (n = 5) pmol/g wet weight (mean ± SEM) without any significant variation between the lobes. Evaluation of affinity for ouabain was in agreement with a heterogeneous population of [3H]ouabain binding sites. K+‐dependent 3‐O‐methylfluorescein phosphatase ...

Warm renal ischemia performed during partial nephrectomy has been found to be associated with kidney disease. Since endogenous ouabain (EO) is a neuro-endocrine hormone involved in renal damage, we evaluated the role of EO in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We measured plasma and renal EO variations and markers of glomerular and tubular damage (nephrin, KIM-1, Kidney-Injury-Molecule-1, α1 Na-K ATPase) and the protective effect of the ouabain inhibitor, rostafuroxin. We studied five groups of rats: (1) normal; (2) infused for eight weeks with ouabain (30 µg/kg/day, OHR) or (3) saline; (4) ouabain; or (5) saline-infused rats orally treated with 100 µg/kg/day rostafuroxin for four weeks. In group 1, 2-3 h after IRI, EO increased in ischemic kidneys while decreased in plasma. Nephrin progressively decreased and KIM-1 mRNA increased starting from 24 h. Ouabain infusion (group 2) increased blood pressure (from 111.7 to 153.4 mmHg) and ouabain levels in plasma and kidneys. In OHR ischemic kidneys

Ouabain, that has been isolated from bovine adrenals and hypothalamus, is a new cardiotonic steroid hormone, which is either synthesized in the adrenals or stored there after it has absorbed from the diet. Little is known ,i,in vivo,/i, which events may lead to the release of ouabain into blood. Moreover, a binding protein for cardiotonic steroids exists in blood, which binds cardiac glycosides with high affinity. It may affect the action of endogenous ouabain on heart and circulation, but the physiological function of this protein is unclear. To realize, which physiological stimuli ,i,in vivo,/i, may affect blood concentrations of endogenous ouabain and which function the cardiotonic binding protein may have in modulating ouabain effects, the effect of physical exercise on endogenous ouabain was studied and the tissue distribution of its binding protein was investigated. We found that endogenous ouabain changes rapidly in blood upon physical exercise and behaves like expected for a hormone of ...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the measurement of ouabain in human plasma. This assay is specific for ouabain, strophanthidin, and ouabagenin, with other steroids, including digoxin and vasopressor hormones, exhibiting negligible cross-reactivity. Assay sensitivity was 0.06 nmol/L if 1 mL plasma was extracted and less than 0.005 nmol/L when 20 mL plasma was analyzed. Extracted plasma samples showed ouabainlike immunoreactivity that diluted in parallel with the ouabain standard curve. Repeated extraction and assay of single plasma samples, however, did not produce consistent results in the assay. Increased specificity was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography of sample extracts before assay. When high-performance liquid chromatographic profiles of plasma spiked with ouabain standard or following bolus intravenous injections of ouabain into normal human volunteers were compared with profiles of unspiked plasma, there was no support for the immunoreactive ...

The response of the left ventricle to a level of supine bicycle exercise that induced angina, and the effects of ouabain (0.01 mg/kg) on this response were evaluated in 14 patients with coronary arterial disease. Before administration of ouabain, exercise was associated with depressed pumping performance of the left ventricle in four patients: stroke work fell with exercise while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased. In five patients left ventricular (LV) performance was not frankly depressed, but nevertheless was abnormal: stroke work increased, but was accompanied by an inordinately large rise in LVEDP. In the remaining five patients LV function was essentially normal. Ouabain improved LV performance at rest in only a minority of patients, but during the stress of exercise, LV hemodynamics were improved by ouabain in 12 of the 14 patients. Five patients, however, continued to show either depressed or abnormal function with exercise after they were given ouabain. As judged ...

By using random mutagenesis (for references, see Croyle et al., 1997) or chimeras between Na,K- and H,K-ATPase (Qiu et al., 2003), nearly 20 amino acids have been identified that influence the sensitivity of Na,K-ATPase to ouabain. These amino acids are located in several transmembrane segments and extracellular loops of the Na,K-ATPase α-subunit and are hypothesized to comprise the physical binding site or to affect indirectly ouabain binding by conformational changes. In this study, we have investigated the structural determinants that are responsible for the α isoform-specific differences in the ouabain binding kinetics and could identify new amino acids that are involved in ouabain binding and play a role in the access and release of ouabain to and from its binding site.. Results from previous kinetic studies of ouabain binding, which were performed mainly on Na,K-ATPase α1 isozymes, have suggested that the rate of association of ouabain to enzymes from different sources, both sensitive ...

1. The cardiac glycoside ouabain, in concentrations ranging from 2 to 3 x 10-7, increases the oxygen uptake of slices of guinea pig heart muscle in the presence of glucose or lactate; at higher concentrations this increase (maximally 50 per cent) is followed by a depression (maximally 80 per cent). Among a variety of other guinea pig tissues studied, brain cortex alone responds in a similar manner, but is only about ⅕ as sensitive as heart muscle.. 2. The oxidation of Succinate in cardiac slices is not inhibited at all by ouabain; in brain cortex slices it is inhibited only to a moderate extent. In the presence of pyruvate, the oxygen uptake of cardiac slices, which is high initially, is depressed by ouabain without preceding stimulation. The effect of the drug on the oxygen uptake of brain cortex slices is the same in pyruvate as in glucose or lactate medium.. 3. The increase in the respiration of cardiac slices produced by ouabain is dependent upon the presence and concentration of ...

Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of active cation transport across cell membrane, was applied topically to brain surface of cats. The cerebral cortex to which 10−3M ouabain was applied showed a spongy...

Langham, Maurice E., and Kenneth E. Eakin. THE INFLUENCE OF THE CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE OUABAIN ON THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE RABBIT AND THE CAT. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 144.3 (1964): 421-428. Web. 12 Dec. 2017. ...

Mono- and Stereopictres of 5.0 Angstrom coordination sphere of Magnesium atom in PDB 3b8e: Crystal Structure of the Sodium-Potassium Pump

TY - JOUR. T1 - Calcium and contractile responses to ouabain in aortae from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AU - Lamb, F. S.. AU - Moreland, R. S.. AU - Webb, R. C.. PY - 1984. Y1 - 1984. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=17944387233&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=17944387233&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:17944387233. VL - 43. SP - no. 834. JO - Federation Proceedings. JF - Federation Proceedings. SN - 0014-9446. IS - 3. ER - ...

In the brain at least 40% of the energy produced by mitochondrial respiration is required by the Na+/K+-ATPase to maintain ion gradients across the cell membranes. Energy levels in the brain can be compromised by a lack of glucose and oxygen or by defects in the respiratory chain such as occurring in stroke and Parkinsons disease, respectively. Na+/K+-ATPase function is inhibited during energy failure. This may lead to a prolonged depolarization of the neuron, excessive release, and reversal of the uptake of excitatory amino acids, i.e., the induction of excitotoxicity (Dirnagl et al., 1999; Doble, 1999; Nicotera et al., 1999). Ouabain inhibits Na+/K+-ATPases and is a very potent neurotoxin that leads to pancellular necrosis and infarction (Lees, 1991). It is used to study the involvement of Na+/K+-ATPase in CNS pathology (Lees et al., 1990; Lees, 1991; Lees and Leong, 1994,1995; Stelmashook et al., 1999). Ouabain rapidly perturbs ion homeostasis and induces cell swelling and ...

The function of ouabain to act as a signal generator of the sodium pump opens up new therapeutic options and illustrates the therapeutic potential of ouabain

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1. We have measured specific [3H]ouabain binding and ouabain sensitive 86rubidium influx in intact human lymphocytes incubated for up to 7 days in media containing different concentrations of fetal calf serum and human serum.. 2. Incubation for periods of up to 7 days with fetal calf serum and human serum produced increases in both specific [3H]ouabain binding and ouabain sensitive 86rubidium influx that were dependent on concentration and time.. 3. Neither specific [3H]ouabain binding nor ouabain sensitive 86rubidium influx was altered when dialysed serum was used, suggesting that both fetal calf serum and human serum contain a dialysable factor or factors which stimulate specific [3H]ouabain binding and ouabain sensitive 86rubidium influx in intact human lymphocytes.. 4. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes we also measured the activity of two other enzymes of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, 5′-nucleotidase and γ-glutamyltransferase, the uptake of [3H]thymidine by ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Suppression and potentiation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation by ouabain. AU - Spivak, J. L.. AU - Misiti, J.. AU - Stuart, R.. AU - Sharkis, S. J.. AU - Sensenbrenner, L. L.. PY - 1980. Y1 - 1980. N2 - Clonal assays for CFU-S, CFU-C, BFU-E, and CFU-E were employed to evaluate the effect of ouabain on the proliferation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells. Preincubation of bone marrow cells with ouabain at concentrations of 10-6-10-12 M suppressed the proliferation of CFU-S as measured by the spleen colony assay. At 10-9 M ouabain, spleen colony formation was inhibited by more than 95%. When included in soft agar cultures of bone marrow cells, ouabain suppressed the proliferation of CFU-C in a complex fashion. At 10-4 M ouabain, colony formation was suppressed by 70%, while at 10-6 M ouabain, CFU-C proliferation was normal. At 10-9 M ouabain, however, the number of colonies formed was only 70% of normal, and complete recovery was not obtained at 10-12 M ...

The effect of cardiac glycosides to increase cardiac inotropy by altering Ca2+ cycling is well known but still poorly understood. The studies described in this report focus on defining the effects of ouabain signaling on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase function. Rat cardiac myocytes treated with 50 μM ouabain demonstrated substantial increases in systolic and diastolic Ca2+ concentrations. The recovery time constant for the Ca2+ transient, τ, was significantly prolonged by ouabain. Exposure to 10 μM H2O2, which causes an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species similar to that of 50 μM ouabain, caused a similar increase in τ. Concurrent exposure to 10 mM N-acetylcysteine or an aqueous extract from green tea (50 mg/ml) both prevented the increases in τ as well as the changes in systolic or diastolic Ca2+ concentrations. We also observed that 50 μM ouabain induced increases in developed pressure in addition to diastolic dysfunction in the isolated perfused rat heart. Coadministration of

Digitalis glycosides are major tools for the identification of the Na/K ATPase as well as the Na/K fluxes mediated by this transport system. Since its discovery 50 yr ago (Schatzmann, 1953), the inhibitory effect of these compounds on the Na/K pump has been confirmed repeatedly. There has been evidence to contrary effects, although. Thus, Hougen et al. (1981) reported a stimulatory effect of nanomolar concentrations of ouabain on 86Rb uptake in guinea pig atria. This effect could be suppressed by propranolol, or by prior depletion of endogenous pools of norepinephrine in the tissue, and it was regarded as an indirect effect elicited by norepinephrine released by an action of ouabain on nerve endings in the heart.. Several others have reported stimulating effects of low concentrations of cardiac glycosides on active Na/K transport in multicellular cardiac preparations, and also in the squid axon, it was noted that the inhibitory effect of ouabain on 22Na efflux was preceded by an up to 20% ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Impact of neonatal treatment with cardioactive glycosides (digoxin, ouabain) on receptor binding capacity, blood level and cardiac function in the adult rat. Extension of the imprinting theory. AU - Csaba, G.. AU - Inczefi-Gonda, Ágnes. AU - Dobozy, O.. AU - Varró, A.. AU - Rablóczky, G.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - 1. 1. A single neonatal treatment with a cardioactive glycoside (ouabain, digoxin) altered the response of the adult rat to digitaloid treatment. 2. 2. As demonstrated by RIA, re-exposure to digoxin at 2 months of age was followed within 30 min by a more than twofold increase in serum digoxin over the not pretreated control and, although a steady concentration decrease followed, the experimental rats still had a higher serum digoxin level than the controls at 4 h. 3. 3. In the not presensitized control group the serum digoxin peak appeared at 60 min at a considerably lower level than the 30-min maximum of the experimental rats. 4. 4. Neonatal pretreatment with ...

Urinary concentration of OLS was measured by a radioimmunoassay as described previously.22 Briefly, ouabain was conjugated to ovalbumin and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and antisera to ouabain was raised in goats by injecting ouabain-ovalbumin and then boosting with ouabain-KLH conjugate. The antisera showed minimal cross-reactivity against ouabagenin (4%) and other related steroids. Tritiated ouabain ([21-22-3H]-ouabain, specific activity approximately 47 μCi/mmol), was diluted to 0.3 μCi/mL with assay buffer (phosphate-buffered saline, 0.1 mol/L, pH 7.4, containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin). Aliquots of 100 μL each of tracer solution, antiserum (final dilution 1:90 000), and urine or standard ouabain were added to polystyrene tubes. After mixing, the reaction mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 37°C or overnight at 4°C. The bound and free ouabains were then separated by adding 250 μL of cold 2.5% dextran-coated charcoal. The samples were mixed, allowed to stand for 10 to 15 minutes ...

Ouabain-like inhibitors are elevated in approximately 50% of patients with essential hypertension and patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. These materials inhibit the alpha-2 isoform of the Na/K-ATPase in vascular myocytes and increase intracellular sodium levels. The latter enhances calcium entry mediated by the Na/Ca Exchanger (NCX) and results in increased blood pressure. Indeed, prolonged administration of ouabain induces hypertension in Sprague Dawley rats. Paradoxically, normal pregnancy is also associated with an increase in ouabain-like inhibitors, yet blood pressure decreases. My research is focused on the mechanism by which normal pregnant rats become resistant to ouabain-induced hypertension, and the role of NCX and pregnancy hormones in mediating this effect.. ...

Ubiquitously expressed sodium pumps are best known for maintaining the ionic gradients and resting membrane potential required for generating action potentials. However, activity- and state-dependent changes in pump activity can also influence neuronal firing and regulate rhythmic network output. Here we demonstrate that changes in sodium pump activity regulate locomotor networks in the spinal cord of neonatal mice. The sodium pump inhibitor, ouabain, increased the frequency and decreased the amplitude of drug-induced locomotor bursting, effects that were dependent on the presence of the neuromodulator dopamine. Conversely, activating the pump with the sodium ionophore monensin decreased burst frequency. When more natural locomotor output was evoked using dorsal-root stimulation, ouabain increased burst frequency and extended locomotor episode duration, whereas monensin slowed and shortened episodes. Decreasing the time between dorsal-root stimulation, and therefore interepisode interval, also ...

Arterial myocytes express α1-catalytic subunit isoform Na+ pumps (75-80% of total) which are ouabain resistant in rodents and high ouabain affinity α2-Na+ pumps. affect BP and vasoconstriction. α2SM-DN mice acquired elevated basal indicate BP (indicate Ondansetron (Zofran) BP by telemetry: 117 ± 4 vs. 106 ± 1 mmHg = 7/7 < 0.01) and enhanced BP replies to chronic ANG II infusion (240 ng·kg?1·min?1) and high (6%) NaCl. Many arterial Ca2+ transporters including Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) and sarcoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane Ca2+ pushes [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ondansetron (Zofran) Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 1 (PMCA1)] had been also Continue Reading. ...

Showcase your wry biological / biochemical side with a dose of educational, scientific fun with any of these gifts featuring the sodium-potassium pump used in active transport along with the following saying: Stamp Out Imbalance Support Active Transport. Memorable gifts for all who know about the importance of osmoregulation ...

How can more molecules be transported into areas with high concentrations of the molecule? Cells often need to create concentration gradients across membranes. The concentration of a molecule is much higher on one side of the membrane than the other when a concentration gradient exists. In order to create or maintain a concentration gradient, individual molecules must be moved from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This cannot occur through passive diffusion, in fact diffusion will cause the gradient to break down. Only active transport, which requires both specialized transport molecules and the expenditure of energy can drive molecules up a concentration gradient. The sodium potassium pump is an important and well understood example of active transport. View the animation below, then complete the quiz to test your knowledge of the concept.. ...

Levental, M and Tabakoff, B, Sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity as a measure of neuronal membrane characteristics in ethanol-tolerant mice. (1980). Subject Strain Bibliography 1980. 2608 ...

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IntroductionOuabain (G-Strophanthin) inhibits the activity of Na-K activated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) in in vitro and in vivo systems.1-3 The active tra

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Amaç: Bu çalışmada, basit horlama veya hafif derecede obstrüktif uyku apnesi (OUA) bulunan hastalarda yumuşak damağa radyofrekans doku ablasyonu (RFDA) uygulamasının erken dönemde horlama şiddeti, apne indeksi ve gündüz uykululuk haline etkileri değerlendirildi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya apnesiz basit horlaması olan 61, apne indeksi (Aİ) ≤5 ile basit horlaması olan 13 ve hafif derecede OUA (5 ...

Honestly, not as crazy as you might think. During any big dinner gathering, we utilize our dogs place skills. That means we give the dogs a designated area where they must stay until released. We often use place beds for this, but sometimes substitute crates or dog beds (even the couch). We typically put all the dogs in a place right before setting the table. After we have all had our fill, we free the dogs as a group. From here we usually designate one person to hand out goodies one at a time to the pups. Because we stick to this routine time and time again, it goes off flawlessly more often than not ...

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Ray P, Rolek D. The reversal by taurine of ouabain-induced arrhythmias and hypoglycemia. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1975;75(2):211. doi: .. Download citation file:. ...

1. Erythrocyte sodium, sodium transport (ouabain-sensitive efflux rate of sodium, oMosNa, and ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant of sodium, oMosNa), sodium-potassium activated ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity and [3H]ouabain-binding capacity were measured in 15 patients with chronic renal failure and in 10 healthy subjects.. 2. As a group, patients with chronic renal failure had a lower erythrocyte sodium and oMosNa compared with healthy subjects.. 3. When patients were divided according to their erythrocyte sodium (greater or less than 4 mmol/kg of cells), in the group of patients whose erythrocyte sodium was less than 4 mmol/kg of cells (group A) the oMosNa was higher than that in healthy subjects and the oMosNa, Na+, K+-ATPase activity and [3H]ouabain-binding capacity were the same as those in healthy subjects. In the subgroup of patients with renal failure whose erythrocyte sodium content was greater than 4 mmol/kg of cells (group B) the oMosNa was ...

Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen which often causes nosocomial and community attained infections. These infections steadily increased after evolving the resistance due to indecorous practice of antibiotics and now become a serious health issue. Ouabain is a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor that leads to increase the heart contraction in patients with congestive heart failure. In the present study, in vitro antimicrobial effect of ouabain together with aminoglycosides was determined against clinical and non-clinical S. aureus strains. Using checkerboard, Gentamycin uptake and biofilm assays, we analysed he interactions of ouabain with aminoglycosides. Ouabain induced the staphylocidal potency of aminoglycosides by remarkably reducing the MIC of gentamycin (GEN) by 16 (0.25 μg/mL), 8 folds (0.5 μg/mL) amikacin (AMK); and 16 folds (1.0 μg/mL) with kanamycin (KAN), compared to their individual doses. OBN severely reduced cell viability within 60 min with GEN (1 μg/mL), KAN (2 μg/mL) and 90 min with

The Na+ K+-ATPase pump maintains the gradient of a higher concentration of sodium extracellularly and a higher level of potassium intracellularly. The sodiumâ potassium pump is found in many cell (plasma) membranes. The sodium/potassium ATPase pump is essential to many physiological processes, and so targeting it with medication can be useful clinically. Explore the sodium potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump), with the Amoeba Sisters! Examples of â ¦ It also involves being conscious of every hint of flavoring in your food and how you cook your meals. In the kidneys, sodium and potassium have a reciprocal relationship. Na+-K+ pump in chronic renal failure. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium â ¦ Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. Acting on the distal tubules, the hormone aldosterone triggers potassium excretion and resorption of sodium. Conversely, drugs which act ...

Sodium-potassium pump definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now!

The plant-derived steroid, digoxin, a specific inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase, has been used for centuries in the treatment of heart disease. Recent studies demonstrate the presence of a digoxin analog, ouabain, in mammalian tissue, but its biological role has not been elucidated. Here, we show in renal epithelial cells that ouabain, in doses causing only partial Na,K-ATPase inhibition, acts as a biological inducer of regular, low-frequency intracellular calcium ([Ca2+](i)) oscillations that elicit activation of the transcription factor, NF-KB. Partial inhibition of Na,K-ATPase using low extracellular K+ and depolarization of cells did not have these effects. Incubation of cells in Ca2+-free media, inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels, inositol triphosphate receptor antagonism, and redistribution of actin to a thick layer adjacent to the plasma membrane abolished [Ca2+](i) oscillations, indicating that they were caused by a concerted action of inositol triphosphate receptors and capacitative ...

Studies were performed on Na and K transport by red blood cells of the freshwater turtle under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Although it had previously been assumed that cation transport in turtle red blood cells was dependent on respiration, the present data show greater Na efflux rates in N2 than in O2. However, ouabain inhibited Na transport by the same amount quantitatively in O2 and N2 gas phases. Thus there was no difference in ouabain-sensitive or pump Na transport rates. Na influx rates were higher in nitrogen than in air and potassium influx rates were not significantly different under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Moreover in the absence of sodium in the bathing medium no difference between air and nitrogen could be discovered. Finally with ethacrynic acid plus ouabain there was an additional decrease in Na efflux but there was a persisting difference between air and nitrogen. These studies do not rule out the existence of a ouabain-insensitive ethacrynic acid-inhibitable ...

Na+,K+-ATPase is one of the most important proteins in the mammalian cell. It creates sodium and potassium gradients which are fundamental for the membrane potential and sodium-dependent secondary active transport. It has a second role in the cell as a receptor that by binding chemicals from the cardiotonic steroids family, the most knowledgeable of them is ouabain, triggers various signaling pathways in the cell which regulate gene activation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. It has been shown that several severe neurological diseases are associated with mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase encoding genes. Although Na+,K+-ATPase was discovered already in 1957 by the Danish scientist Jens Skou, the knowledge about the function of this enzyme is still not complete.. In the studies included in the thesis, we have learned more about the function of Na+,K+-ATPase in different aspects of health and disease. In study I we showed a mechanism of ouabain-dependent regulation of the NMDA receptor, one of the most ...

Canine cancers develop in immunocompetent environments and share many similar features observed in human cancers, such as long periods of latency for initiation, progression and development, metastasis, acquired drug resistance and recurrence. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor that occurs in dogs. It is highly aggressive and metastatic in nature, and the therapeutic methods utilized to treat this primary canine tumor are very limited. We have successfully established canine osteosarcoma orthotopic xenograft models with NSG mice (from Jackson Lab) in vivo. Ouabain, known as Na+, K+ ATPase inhibitor, has been used for many years in human clinical applications for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Recently, ouabain has been investigated for potential anticancer properties. However, the therapeutic dose window is very narrow because the side effects of ouabain overdose can be lethal. In an attempt to mitigate such narrow therapeutic margin of safety, ouabain was formulated in lipid ...

Enhanced Na+/H+ exchange, measured as amiloride derivative-sensitive Na+ and H+ fluxes in cells with a preliminary acidified cytoplasm (Δμ H+-induced Na+/H+ exchange), is one of the most prominent intermediate phenotypes of altered vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Analysis of Na+/H+ exchange in F2 hybrids of SHR and normotensive rats seems to be the most appropriate approach in the search for the genetic determinants of abnormal activity of this carrier. However, the measurement of Δμ H+-induced Na+/H+ exchange is hardly appropriate for precise analysis of the carriers activity in VSMC derived from several hundred F2 hybrids. To overcome this problem, we compared the rate of 22Na influx under baseline conditions and in Na+-loaded (ouabain-treated) VSMC. The dose-dependency of the rate of Δμ H+-induced H+ efflux as well as of 22Na influx in control and ouabain-treated cells on ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) concentration were not ...

Voltage-gated Na+ channels are promising drug targets. Screening of large numbers of putative modulators, however, can be demanding and expensive. In this study, a simple, cheap, and robust assay to test the pharmacological modulation of Na+ channel function is presented. The assay makes use of the fact that the intracellular accumulation of Na+ ions can be cytotoxic. The toxicity of the Na+ channel activator veratridine in the presence of an inhibitor of the Na+/K+ ATPase (ouabain) in a Nav1.2a (rat brain IIA alpha) expressing cell line is assessed. Na+ channel blockers should reduce toxicity in this model. CHO cells which recombinantly expressed rat Nav1.2a subunits were seeded in 96-well plates, and cell survival was tested after 24 h incubation in medium containing veratridine and ouabain in the presence or absence of Na+ channel blockers. Propidium iodide fluorescence was used as toxicity readout. Veratridine (100 microM) or ouabain alone (500 microM) were not toxic to the cells. In the ...

In plants, an example of active transport being used is in the root hair cells of the plant, to move much-needed ions from the soil into the root of the plant. This also causes the water potential within the plant to decrease/become more negative, so more water moves in by osmosis, which is obviously beneficial to the plant. Animals also use active transport in a similar way, to move glucose and other important molecules, present from digested food, from the lumen of the small intestine, into the cells lining it, to be used for respiration, protein production and other processes. Another use of ATP in animals, that plants do not share, is within neurones. Nerve cells/neurones require ATP to provide energy to sodium-potassium pumps, which are embedded in the membrane of the cell body and within the nodes of Ranvier of the axons of (myelinated) neurones. These sodium-potassium pumps are required to achieve and maintain a resting potential before and after action potentials have been generated ...

Both high and low doses of CORT caused a modest depolarization of BLA neurons. Several mechanisms might account for this effect, including the inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump, of the resting K+ conductance, or of a voltage-dependent K+ current activated near rest. Because the membrane depolarization was observed without a significant increase in Rin in the low-dose CORT group, it is more likely that the effect of CORT is mediated by an inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump.. In contrast, the increase in Rin seen with the high dose of CORT probably involved the inhibition of one or more K+ currents such as the K+ leak or of a K+ conductance that is active near rest. Moreover, the fact that the high CORT dose markedly reduced spike-frequency adaptation suggests that CORT also inhibited one or more subtype(s) of voltage-gated or Ca2+-dependent K+ currents that are activated in the suprathreshold range of membrane potentials. In support of this hypothesis, previous studies have revealed ...

The possibility that alveolar macrophages and type-II cells can accumulate taurine was examined. The study involved measuring the taurine content of the cells, the rates of taurine uptake in the presence of a normal plasma concentration of taurine, the concentration dependence and kinetic parameters for the transport system, and the effects of metabolic inhibitors or ouabain on the transport proce

Does anyone leave the insulin pump site in for longer than 3 days or is that a no-no! I know that the sensor can be left in for longer but I did not...

The bottom line effect of this is to make cell effectively impermeable to NaCl. Gibbs Donnan equilibrium do not reached and cell does not swell inspite of the presence of protein ion ...

Our laboratory is interested in the physiological role of the Na,K-ATPase, particularly the function of the different alpha isoforms of this enzyme. The present...

The equilibrated of sodium and potassium from external to the bath governed by rate constant (0.09 ms and 0.05 ms). the governing equation of external included (unsteady term= diffusion flux + membrane flux+ ion access to/into FH space ...

Study: Sodium-to-potassium ratio a key to heart health Sodium-Saturated Diet Is a Threat for All Study Finds Sodium-Potassium Ratio Strongly Tied to

SDI Sandwich Hydraulic Diaphragm pumps are manufactured according API 675.  SDI pumps are suitable for use when: - the liquid to dose contains small amounts of suspended solids  - the dosed liquid is a toxic solution  - liquid...

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