International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and...

The meeting of International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes, Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus and related organisms was held within the frame of the FoodMicro 2018 Congress (FoodMicro 2018, 3-6 September 2018, Berlin, Germany). The meeting comprised an open session with a workshop entitled Modern approaches of LAB identification and conservation and a closed session on issues related to ICSP Subcommittee activities.

Copper requirements of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 and implications for nitrification in the...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Copper requirements of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 and implications for nitrification in the marine environment. AU - Amin, Shady A.. AU - Moffett, James W.. AU - Martens-Habbena, Willm. AU - Jacquot, Jeremy E.. AU - Han, Yang. AU - Devol, Allan. AU - Ingalls, Anitra E.. AU - Stahl, David A.. AU - Armbrust, E. Virginia. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) have recently been recognized as the primary nitrifiers in the marine environment; they thus play an important role in the nitrogen cycle. Available genome sequences of AOA indicate that numerous Cu-dependent enzymes are essential for both ammonia oxidation and electron transfer, suggesting a particularly high requirement for copper. However, our knowledge of the copper requirements of AOA and their response to copper limitation in the ocean is nonexistent. Here, we examine the copper requirements of the chemolithoautotrophic AOA Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 ...

Microbiology Society Journals | International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of...

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Flow cytometric quantification, sorting and sequencing of methanogenic archaea based on F420 autofluorescence | Microbial Cell...

The global microbial CH4 production is estimated to reach one billion tons annually. Methanogenic archaea produce CH4 in wetlands, rice fields, ruminant and termite digestive systems and have a decisive impact on the planets atmospheric carbon cycle [42]. At the same time, the industrial scale anaerobic digestion of biomass to CH4 plays a vital role in the future global energy mix. All methanogenic archaea capable of CO2 reduction contain the cofactor F420 as an integral part of the methanogenic pathway. In this study, F420 autofluorescence was tested as a universal marker for methanogenic archaea. Genes encoding for F420 biosynthesis enzymes were identified in 653 bacterial and 173 archaeal species [43]. Non-methanogenic but F420 containing microorganisms have reported F420 concentrations of about one fortieth of the concentrations in hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea [19], which is below detection limit of the developed protocol. For the methanogenic archaea, however, the F420 cofactor ...

ATP is required for K+ active transport in the archaebacterium Haloferax volcanii | SpringerLink

The Archaebacterium Haloferax volcanii concentrates K+ up to 3.6 M. This creates a very large K+ ion gradient of between 500- to 1,000-fold across the cell membrane. H. volcaniicells can be...

Purification and Properties of Glutamine Synthetase From Hydrogenobacter Thermophilus TK-6

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6, a thermophilic and obligately chemoautotrophic bacterium, assimilates ammonium using glutamine synthetase (GS). GS was purified using three chromatography steps. The purified GS was found to belong to GS type I on the basis of its subunit composition and molecular …

A structure-based model of the reaction catalyzed by lumazine synthase from Aquifex aeolicus

6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine is the biosynthetic precursor of riboflavin, which, as a coenzyme, plays a vital role in the electron transfer process for energy production in all cellular organisms. The enzymes involved in lumazine biosynthesis have been studied in considerable detail. However, the conclusive mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by lumazine synthase has remained unclear. Here, we report four crystal structures of the enzyme from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus in complex with different inhibitor compounds. The structures were refined at resolutions of 1.72 Angstrom, 1.85 Angstrom, 2.05 Angstrom and 2.2 Angstrom, respectively. The inhibitors have been designed in order to mimic the substrate, the putative reaction intermediates and the final product. Structural comparisons of the native enzyme and the inhibitor complexes as well as the kinetic data of singlesite mutants of lumazine synthase from Bacillus subtilis showed that several highly conserved residues at ...

Colonization of rice roots with methanogenic archaea controls photosynthesis-derived methane emission<...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Colonization of rice roots with methanogenic archaea controls photosynthesis-derived methane emission. AU - Pump, Judith. AU - Pratscher, Jennifer. AU - Conrad, Ralf. PY - 2015/7. Y1 - 2015/7. N2 - The methane emitted from rice fields originates to a large part (up to 60%) from plant photosynthesis and is formed on the rice roots by methanogenic archaea. To investigate to which extent root colonization controls methane (CH4) emission, we pulse-labeled rice microcosms with 13CO2 to determine the rates of 13CH4 emission exclusively derived from photosynthates. We also measured emission of total CH4 (12+13CH4), which was largely produced in the soil. The total abundances of archaea and methanogens on the roots and in the soil were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene and the mcrA gene coding for a subunit of the methyl coenzyme M reductase respectively. The composition of archaeal and methanogenic communities was determined with terminal ...

DSMZ: Publikationen

Tindall,B.J. ( 2008 ) Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Bacteria. The type strain of Lactobacillus casei is ATCC 393, ATCC 334 cannot serve as the type because it represents a different taxon, the name Lactobacillus paracasei and its subspecies names are not rejected and the revival of the name Lactobacillus zeae contravenes Rules 51b (1) and (2) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Opinion 82 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58 (7) :1764-1765 ...

Inter Research » AME » v33 » n3 » p225-237

ABSTRACT: The relationship between bacterial community profile in biofilm and attachment of the acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite was investigated using a double-dish choice larval attachment bioassay and the DNA fingerprinting technique T-RFLP (terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Biofilms for bioassays were either developed at 3 intertidal heights (i.e. high, mid and low) for 6 d or at the mid-intertidal height for 3 to 12 d. A clear distinction among biofilm communities at the 3 intertidal heights was revealed in the bacterial community profiles (determined by T-RFLP), biomass (determined by total organic carbon analysis), and abundance of bacteria and diatoms. Overall, cyprids of B. amphitrite preferred intertidal biofilms (i.e. 6 d old) over unfilmed surfaces for attachment. Moreover, cyprids also preferred to attach on biofilms of mid-intertidal height over high-intertidal or subtidal heights. There was no correlation between cypris attachment and any of the 3 biofilm ...

probeBase 2016 | An online resource for rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides

A quantitative molecular technique was developed for rapid analysis of microbial community diversity in various environments. The technique employed PCR in which one of the two primers used was fluorescently labeled at the 5 end and was used to amplify a selected region of bacterial genes encoding 16S rRNA from total community DNA. The PCR product was digested with restriction enzymes, and the fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragment was precisely measured by using an automated DNA sequencer. Computer-simulated analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) for 1,002 eubacterial sequences showed that with proper selection of PCR primers and restriction enzymes, 686 sequences could be PCR amplified and classified into 233 unique terminal restriction fragment lengths or "ribotypes." Using T-RFLP, we were able to distinguish all bacterial strains in a model bacterial community, and the pattern was consistent with the predicted outcome. Analysis of complex ...

Archaea - Wikipedia

She ream dy vynvioee eh archaea (un.: archaeon). Cha nel çheshvean killag ny mynolt far-chrackanagh erbee elley oc. Traa dy row, vad currit marish bacteyryn myr prokaryota ny myr reeriaght Monera, fon ennym archaebacteria ("shenn vacteyryn"). Ec y traa tayn, cha nel bea-oayllee goaill rish y rang-oardraghey shen.[1] Ta shennaghys aafilleydagh er lheh oc, as shimmey scansh teddyr ocsyn as bioagyn elley; myr shen, ta rang-oardraghey noa oc nish myr ream er lheh sy chorys tree reamyn. Tan corys shoh eddyraghey tree banglaneyn aafilleydagh: Archaea, Bacteria as Eukaryota. Tad rheynn Archaea ayns kiare phyla, agh scosoylagh eh dy vel foddey ny smoo ayn. Cha nel monney studeyrys er ny yannoo orroo. She Crenarchaeota as Euryarchaeota ad ny phyla smoo er studeyrys. Ta archaea jeeaghyn gollrish bacteyryn dy mennick, agh ta cummey goan ec kuse jeu; myr shen, killagyn rea kerrooagh Haloquadratum walsbyi. Ta gientagyn as cassanyn soe oc ta faggys dadsyn tec eukaryota, myr sampleyr, ensymeyn ta ...

Bacteria and E. Coli in Water

Bacteria are common single-celled organisms and are a natural component of lakes, rivers, and streams. Most of these bacteria are harmless to humans; however, certain bacteria, some of which normally inhabit the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals, have the potential to cause sickness and disease in humans. High numbers of these harmless bacteria often indicate high numbers of harmful bacteria as well as other disease-causing organisms such as viruses and protozoans.. One method of determining bacteria counts is to count the number of bacteria colonies that grow on a prepared medium.. Escherichia coli (abbreviated as E. coli) are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make you sick. Some kinds of E. coli can cause diarrhea, while others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses.. Total ...

Macroecological drivers of archaea and bacteria in benthic deep-sea ecosystems | Science Advances

Bacteria and archaea dominate the biomass of benthic deep-sea ecosystems at all latitudes, playing a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles, but their macroscale patterns and macroecological drivers are still largely unknown. We show the results of the most extensive field study conducted so far to investigate patterns and drivers of the distribution and structure of benthic prokaryote assemblages from 228 samples collected at latitudes comprising 34°N to 79°N, and from ca. 400- to 5570-m depth. We provide evidence that, in deep-sea ecosystems, benthic bacterial and archaeal abundances significantly increase from middle to high latitudes, with patterns more pronounced for archaea, and particularly for Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota. Our results also reveal that different microbial components show varying sensitivities to changes in temperature conditions and food supply. We conclude that climate change will primarily affect deep-sea benthic archaea, with important consequences on global ...

Int J Syst Bacteriol 29, 38-41, 1979 Publication Passport - StrainInfo

Some taxonomic recommendations and a proposal of neotype strains for nineteen species of Enterobacteriaceae. ICSB Subcommittee on taxonomy of ...

Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) - Science Exchange

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New compound may stop bacteria from causing sickness - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com

A study published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry is the first to describe a signaling pathway that affects communication - a process called quorum sensing - between Streptococcus bacteria cells.. This type of bacterium is responsible for illnesses like strep throat, scarlet fever, and some cases of soft tissue infections and pneumonia. In extreme cases, or when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, these common but serious infections can lead to death.. The University of Illinois at Chicago researchers who wrote the paper have been studying Streptococcus bacteria and have hypothesized that quorum sensing pathways are ideal drug targets for manipulating bacterial activity and suppressing virulence.. "Quorum sensing is how bacteria regulate their behavior as a collective," said Michael Federle, corresponding author on the study. "This social regulation may provide many benefits to bacteria and, in the case of bad bacteria, may help promote survival and help defend against the immune ...

Searching For LUCA - The Last Universal Common Ancestor - Astrobiology

Once they had finished their analysis, Bill Martins team was left with just 355 genes from the original 11,000, and they argue that these 355 definitely belonged to LUCA and can tell us something about how LUCA lived.. Such a small number of genes, of course, would not support life as we know it, and critics immediately latched onto this apparent gene shortage, pointing out that essential components capable of nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, for example, were missing. "We didnt even have a complete ribosome," admits Martin.. However, their methodology required that they omit all genes that have undergone LGT, so had a ribosomal protein undergone LGT, it wouldnt be included in the list of LUCAs genes. They also speculated that LUCA could have gotten by using molecules in the environment to fill the functions of lacking genes, for example molecules that can synthesize amino acids. After all, says Martin, biochemistry at this early stage in lifes evolution was still primitive and all ...

Small Intestinal Bacteria Overgrowth (Sibo) - Health-Truth.com

By Michael Biamonte CCN. While bacteria are an essential part of a healthy small bowel and perform important functions, the growth of the wrong small intestinal bacteria can lead to leaky gut and a number of other symptoms. This is a different yet similar condition to candida.. The predominant bacteria in the small intestines are from the Lactobacillus family. There are many types. Lactobacillus Acidophilus is the most well know. This is the bacteria found in yogurt and many supplements. It prevents candida growth in the small intestines, or small bowel. The normal small bowel, which connects the stomach to the large bowel, is approximately 20 feet long. Bacteria are normally present throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, but in varied amounts. Relatively few bacteria normally live in the small bowel (less than 10,000 bacteria per milliliter of fluid) when compared with the large bowel, or colon (at least 1,000,000,000 bacteria per milliliter of fluid). And the types of bacteria normally ...

Gut bacteria metabolism may factor into hypertension | Office of Research :: College of ACES, University of Illinois

URBANA, Ill. - One in three American adults suffers from high blood pressure, or hypertension. The disease can be passed down in families, and certain lifestyle factors such as smoking, high-sodium diets, and stress can increase the risk. In recent years, scientists have discovered that certain gut bacteria may contribute to hypertension, as well. In a few studies, when gut bacteria were killed off with antibiotics, patients with hypertension saw a drop in blood pressure. And when gut bacteria were transplanted from hypertensive people into normal mice, they developed high blood pressure. The evidence is compelling, but until now, scientists have not identified a mechanism to explain how bacteria increase blood pressure. Researchers from the University of Illinois and Brown University are pursuing a promising lead. Jason Ridlon, an assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at U of I, first discovered the gene for an enzyme in certain bacteria that changes cortisol, a steroid ...

Bacterial community composition in the water column of the deepest freshwater Lake Baikal as determined by next-generation...

The composition of bacterial communities in Lake Baikal in different hydrological periods and at different depths (down to 1515 m) has been analyzed using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 variable region. Most of the resulting 34 562 reads of the Bacteria domain have clustered into 1693 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified with the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria. It has been found that their composition at the family level and relative contributions to bacterial communities distributed over the water column vary depending on hydrological period. The number of OTUs and the parameters of taxonomic richness (ACE, Chao1 indices) and diversity (Shannon and inverse Simpson index) reach the highest values in water layers. The composition of bacterial communities in these layers remains relatively constant, whereas that in surface layers differs between hydrological seasons. The dynamics of physicochemical conditions

Microbial Systems Biology - Methods and Protocols | Ali Navid | Springer

Introduction to state-of-the-art technologies that are being used to study microbial systems biology Provides step-by-step detail essential for

Impairing rare group of intestinal cells allows gut bacteria to cause inflammation, study finds - Medicalnewser.com

Paneth cells are like the guardians of the intestine and autophagy is like their armor," said Yarovinsky, associate professor in the Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at URMC. "When we removed their armor, the Paneth cells couldnt control the intestinal bacteria and it went wild, causing severe disease.". The study suggests that normal autophagy in Paneth cells is required to regulate bacteria in the gut, keeping it at bay and preventing the gut bacteria from invading host tissue. Paneth cells make up just 2 percent of the cells in the intestine, and the fact that restricting autophagy in these cells led to big problems was an unexpected result.. Gut bacteria play a role in inflammatory bowel disease. Scientists know that gut bacteria play a role in the development of IBD, which includes Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis. But how bacteria in the gut are controlled in these conditions remains elusive. This study and others point to ...

Corrigendum to "Rates of susceptibility of carbapenems, ceftobiprole, and colistin against clinically important bacteria...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Corrigendum to "Rates of susceptibility of carbapenems, ceftobiprole, and colistin against clinically important bacteria collected from intensive care units in 2007. T2 - Results from the Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART)" [J Microbiol Immunol Infect 49. AU - Jean, Shio Shin. AU - Lee, Wen Sen. AU - Yu, Kwok Woon. AU - Liao, Chun Hsing. AU - Hsu, Chin Wan. AU - Chang, Feng Yi. AU - Ko, Wen Chien. AU - Chen, Ray Jade. AU - Wu, Jiunn Jong. AU - Chen, Yen Hsu. AU - Chen, Yao Shen. AU - Liu, Jien Wei. AU - Lu, Min Chi. AU - Lam, Carlos. AU - Liu, Cheng Yi. AU - Hsueh, Po Ren. PY - 2018/6. Y1 - 2018/6. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85015290210&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85015290210&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.01.001. DO - 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.01.001. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:85015290210. VL - 51. SP - 423. EP - 424. JO - Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and ...

Cell wall polymers in Archaea (Archaebacteria) | Semantic Scholar

Abstract. The distribution of the various cell wall and cell envelope (S-layer) polymers among the main lineages of the domain Archaea (Archaebacteria) and the chemical composition and primary structure of polymers forming rigid cell wall sacculi is described. Differences between bacteria and archaea in their sensitivity to antibiotics which inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacteria are discussed.

WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Pyrodictium occultum Stetter, Konig & Stackebrandt, 1984

original description Stetter, K.O., Konig, H., and Stackebrandt, E. 1984. Pyrodictium gen. nov., a new genus of submarine disc-shaped sulphur reducing archaebacteria growing optimally at 105°C. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 4:535-551. [details] ...

Frontiers | Quantitative and phylogenetic study of the Deep Sea Archaeal Group in sediments of the Arctic mid-ocean spreading...

In marine sediments archaea often constitute a considerable part of the microbial community, of which the Deep Sea Archaeal Group (DSAG) is one of the most predominant. Despite their high abundance no members from this archaeal group have so far been characterized and thus their metabolism is unknown. Here we show that the relative abundance of DSAG marker genes can be correlated with geochemical parameters, allowing prediction of both the potential electron donors and acceptors of these organisms. We estimated the abundance of 16S rRNA genes from Archaea, Bacteria, and DSAG in 52 sediment horizons from two cores collected at the slow-spreading Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge, using qPCR. The results indicate that members of the DSAG make up the entire archaeal population in certain horizons and constitute up to ~50% of the total microbial community. The quantitative data were correlated to 30 different geophysical and geochemical parameters obtained from the same sediment horizons. We observed a significant

Bacteriophages escaping from dying bacterium, SEM - Stock Image C032/0258 - Science Photo Library

Bacteriophages escaping from a dying bacterial cell (Streptococcus sp.), coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). This bacteriophage was discovered in freshwater near a sewage outlet. A bacteriophage, also known as a phage, is a virus (virion) that infects a bacterium. It consists of a head (capsid), containing the genetic material (either RNA or DNA) and usually a tail and tail fibres (not seen), which the phage uses to attach to a specific receptor sites on the bacterium. This specific binding means that a bacteriophage can only infect certain bacteria bearing specific receptors. Once attached to the cell surface genetic material is injected into the bacterium, taking over the bacteriums own cellular machinery and forcing it to produce more copies of the bacteriophage. When sufficient numbers have been produced the phages escape from the bacterium by cellular lysis, killing the bacterium in the process. Magnification: x21,335 when shortest - Stock Image C032/0258

Viral Infections: Does Clorox kill all types of bacteria?

On the basis of Gram staining method bacteria are classified into two types. They are Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. Bacteria are also classified according to their growth and reproduction. Such classification includes Autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. Autotrophic bacteria take the required carbon from carbon dioxide by itself. Some types of autotrophs will use sunlight to transform carbon dioxide to sugar. While heterotrophic bacteria will take sugar or carbon from the environment they live ...

Viral Immunity: Mechanisms and Therapeutics - Summary

Viruses infection millions annually, causing severe illness and threatening global public health. Limiting the impact of viral infection requires a multi-layered understanding of viral immunity, from basic research on viral recognition and host immune response, to the clinical applications of novel antiviral and host-targeted therapies and vaccines. Despite recent advances, the mechanisms of both both rapid host recovery as well as severe and fatal disease outcomes, are far from clear. This Keystone Symposia conference will cover a wide range of topics in viral immunity including innate immunity and inflammation, viral sensing and antigen presentation, adaptive T and B cell immunity, novel vaccine development, human immunology across anatomical sites, and innovative computational analyses. Animal models will be examined alongside human and clinical studies, and multi-disciplinary integration will enhance perspectives. A key outcome will be fostering collaborations across different approaches ...

"The Effect of Antagonistic Soil Microorganisms on the Severity of Pyth" by Leander Floyd Johnson

Johnson, Leander Floyd, "The Effect of Antagonistic Soil Microorganisms on the Severity of Pythium Root Rot of Sugarcane." (1954). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8087 ...

minicells

To Veljo Kisand , Does anybody have or know how I can get minicells which I like to stain , with some fluorescence marker and use for protozoa grazing experiments on , these bacterial mini cells? I have used E. Coli minicells for protozoa grazing expriments. At first,you had better get E. Coli x1488 strain. And, refer to the next paper when you separate minicells from E.coli cells. A.A.Christen, M.L.Pall, T.Manzara & P.Lurquin. Gene 23, 195-198 (1983). I tried to stain minicells with DTAF. About Staining method of DTAF,I refered to the next paper. B.F.Sherr, E.B.Sherr & R.D.Fallon. Appled and Environmental Microbiology 53, 958-965 (1987). Hope it will help. -- Tetsuji ISHIGAKI Address : ishigaki at ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of Tokyo , Ocean research Institute , Plankton Division TEL : 81-3-5351-6477 FAX : 81-3-5351-6480 ...

Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment - Research Collection

The factors controlling the relative abundances of Archaea and Bacteria in marine sediments are poorly understood. We determined depth distributions of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes by quantitative PCR at eight stations in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Bacterial outnumber archaeal genes 10-60-fold in uppermost sediments that are irrigated and mixed by macrofauna. This bioturbation is indicated by visual observations of sediment color and faunal tracks, by porewater profiles of dissolved inorganic carbon and sulfate, and by distributions of unsupported 210Pb and 137Cs. Below the depth of bioturbation, the relative abundances of archaeal genes increase, accounting for one third of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate zone, and half of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate-methane transition zone and methane zone. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a strong shift in bacterial and archaeal community structure from bioturbated sediments to underlying layers. Stable isotopic analyses on organic matter and porewater ...

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1999 97. Schwerdtfeger, R. M., Chiaraluce, R., Consalvi, V., Scandurra, R., Antranikian, G. (1999) Stability, refolding and Ca2+ binding of pullulanase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus woesei . Eur. J. Biochem. 264:479-487. 96. Linden, A., Niehaus, F., Antranikian, G. (20 00) Single-step purification of a recombinant thermostable α-amylase after solubilization of the enzyme from insoluble aggregates. Journal of Chromtography B. 737: 253-259. 95. Andrade, C.M., Pereira, N. Jr., Antranikian, G. (1999) Extremely thermophilic microorganisms and their polymerhydrolytic enzymes. Revista de Microbiologia 30: 287-298. 94. Stefanova, M. E., Schwerdtfeger, R., Antranikian, G., Scandurra, R. (1999) Heat-stable pullulanase from Bacillus acidopullulyticus : characterization and refolding after guanidinium chloride-induced unfolding. Extremophiles 3: 147-152. 93. Niehaus, F., Bertoldo, C., Kähler, M., Antranikian, G. (1999) Extremophiles as a source of novel enzymes for industrial application. ...

Diversity of radA genes from cultured and uncultured archaea: comparative analysis of putative RadA proteins and their use as a...

Archaea-specific radA primers were used with PCR to amplify fragments of radA genes from 11 cultivated archaeal species and one marine sponge tissue sample that contained essentially an archaeal monoculture. The amino acid sequences encoded by the PCR fragments, three RadA protein sequences previously published (21), and two new complete RadA sequences were aligned with representative bacterial RecA proteins and eucaryal Rad51 and Dmc1 proteins. The alignment supported the existence of four insertions and one deletion in the archaeal and eucaryal sequences relative to the bacterial sequences. The sizes of three of the insertions were found to have taxonomic and phylogenetic significance. Comparative analysis of the RadA sequences, omitting amino acids in the insertions and deletions, shows a cladal distribution of species which mimics to a large extent that obtained by a similar analysis of archaeal 16S rRNA sequences. The PCR technique also was used to amplify fragments of 15 radA genes from ...

Discovery of Multiple Modified F430Coenzymes in Methanogens and Anaerobic Methanotrophic Archaea Suggests Possible New Roles...

A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.

Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction in a novel archaeal lineage

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is critical for controlling the flux of methane from anoxic environments. AOM coupled to iron, manganese and sulphate reduction have been demonstrated in consortia containing anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea. More recently it has been shown that the bacter …

The first microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes | Microbiome | Full Text

Newborns delivered by C-section acquire human skin microbes just after birth, but the sources remain unknown. We hypothesized that the operating room (OR) environment contains human skin bacteria that could be seeding C-section born infants. To test this hypothesis, we sampled 11 sites in four operating rooms from three hospitals in two cities. Following a C-section procedure, we swabbed OR floors, walls, ventilation grids, armrests, and lamps. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of 44 samples using Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were analyzed using the QIIME pipeline. Only 68 % of the samples (30/44, |1000 sequences per site) yielded sufficient DNA reads to be analyzed. The bacterial content of OR dust corresponded to human skin bacteria, with dominance of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium. Diversity of bacteria was the highest in the ventilation grids and walls but was also present on top of the surgery lamps. Beta diversity analyses showed OR dust bacterial content clustering first

General Bacteriology - BACTERIA

Many bacteria synthesize extracellular polymers forming variable outer layer when growing in their natural environment. (i) Capsule. Capsule forms a well-defined layer closely surrounding the cell. Functions: Capsule plays role in the virulence of pathogenic bacteria by contributing to invasiveness and preventing phagocytosis. Typing of certain bacteria are done on antigenic character of the capsule. Capsulated bacteria form smooth or mucoid colonies, and if they become noncapsulated then form rough colonies, e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The extracellular material is polysaccharide except the capsule of Bacillus anthraces which is poly D-glutamic acid, a polypeptide. Capsule is demonstrated by special stain. (2) Glycocalyx. When the polymer forms a loose meshwork of fibrils, it is called glycocalyx. Glycocalyx plays role in adherence of bacteria on surface, e.g. Streptococcus mutans adheres to tooth enamel. (3) If the polymer is detached from the cells then it is called ...

Metabolism of halophilic archaea | SpringerLink

In spite of their common hypersaline environment, halophilic archaea are surprisingly different in their nutritional demands and metabolic pathways. The metabolic diversity of halophilic archaea was i

STEAM: Clothed in bacteria

I worked in different labs, and in 2008, at the Wageningen University, I grew my skins bacteria using agar from 30 different parts of my body.. This was aesthetically pleasing to the eye. It was amazing to see my bodys bacteria growing independently of my body in a Petri dish.. In another project, "Cartography of the Human Body," I walked outside on one day in Vienna to cultivate bacteria from my own skin. I (came back inside) then collected the bacteria of my temporary skin flora and grew them first on agar plates. The different morphologies, colors and quantities of bacteria on different body areas were examined, analyzed, counted and documented. The bacteria were bred, partially reanimated and stored at -70 degrees C. In the framework of an interaction study, experiments were made to study the bacterias hierarchies. Weak bacteria that didnt seem to grow much at all or grew smaller were applied first to guarantee their unhindered growth and to achieve the desired colors on the bacterias ...

Characteristics Of Bacteria Worksheet New Characteristics Bacteria Worksheet Answer Key - Chessmuseum Template Library

Characteristics Of Bacteria Worksheet New Characteristics Bacteria Worksheet Answer Key one of Chessmuseum Template Library - free resume template for word education on a resume example ideas, to explore this Characteristics Of Bacteria Worksheet New Characteristics Bacteria Worksheet Answer Key idea you can browse by and . We hope your happy with this Characteristics Of Bacteria Worksheet New Characteristics Bacteria Worksheet Answer Key idea. You can download and please share this Characteristics Of Bacteria Worksheet New Characteristics Bacteria Worksheet Answer Key ideas to your friends and family via your social media account. Back to 50 Characteristics Of Bacteria Worksheet. ...

Nod2 is essential for temporal development of intestinal microbial communities | Gut

In this study, we have revealed novel and important aspects of the role of Nod2 for the development and composition of the mammalian intestinal microbiota. A detailed view into the colonisation process during mouse development highlights that microbial composition is not only influenced by genotype, but also by stage of development. Previous studies based on fingerprinting approaches found that the caecal microbiota in SPF mice changes drastically with age, but stabilises after 4 weeks.45 In our study based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, the microbial community continued to change after week 4b, fluctuating in the proportions of the three most abundant phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria; figure 1B) until 10 weeks of age, at which point stable Firmicutes-dominated communities became apparent. Earlier culture-based studies found that the caecal microbiota matures as early as 4-5 weeks of age. These differences likely highlight the limitations of culture-dependent methods.46 Our ...

JAIRO | An interesting correlation between methane production rates and archaea cell density during anaerobic digestion with...

An interesting correlation between methane production rates and archaea cell density during anaerobic digestion with increasing organic loadingAn interesting correlation between methane production rates and archaea cell density during anaerobic digestion with increasing organic loading ...

Diversity | Free Full-Text | Phyllopshere Bacterial Community Structure of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) as Affected by Cultivar...

Modern molecular ecology techniques were used to demonstrate the effects of plant genotype and environmental conditions prior to harvest on the spinach epiphytic bacterial community. Three cultivars of spinach with different leaf topographies were collected at three different periods during the fall growing season. Leaf surface topography had an effect on diversity and number of culturable bacteria on the phylloepiphtyic community of spinach. Savoy cultivars, which had larger surface area and more stomata and glandular trichomes, where bacterial aggregates were observed, featured more diverse communities with increased richness and larger bacterial populations compared to flat-leaved cultivars. Bacterial community richness was compared using denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), while abundance was quantified using 16s rRNA primers for major phyla. The most diverse communities, both in richness and abundance, were observed during the first sampling period, immediately following a period of

Frontiers | Microbial responses to changes in flow status in temporary headwater streams: a cross-system comparison |...

Microbial communities are responsible for the bulk of biogeochemical processing in temporary headwater streams, yet there is still relatively little known about how community structure and function respond to periodic drying and re-wetting. Moreover, the ability to sample temporary habitats can be a logistical challenge due to the capability to measure and predict the timing, intensity and frequency of wet-dry events. Unsurprisingly, published datasets on microbial community structure and function are limited in scope and temporal resolution and vary widely in the molecular methods applied. We compared environmental and microbial community datasets for permanent and temporary tributaries of two different North American headwater stream systems: Speed River (Ontario, Canada) and Parkers Creek (Maryland, USA). We explored whether taxonomic diversity and community composition were altered as a result of flow permanence and compared community composition amongst streams using different 16S microbial

MEANS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN A SAMPLE - Patent application

0126] It is another object of the present invention to provide a system 2000 adapted to detect and/or identify specific bacteria within an uncultured sample; said system 2000 comprising: [0127] a. means 100 for obtaining an absorption spectrum (AS) of said uncultured sample; said AS containing water influence; [0128] b. statistical processing means 200 for acquiring the n dimensional volume boundaries for said specific bacteria; said means 200 are characterized by: [0129] i. means 201 for obtaining at least one absorption spectrum (AS2) of known samples containing said specific bacteria; [0130] ii. means 202 for extracting x features from said entire AS2; said x features are selected from a group consisting of Correlation, peaks wavelength, peaks height, peaks width, peaks cross section, peaks area, at least one of the coefficients of a fitted polynomial curve, the total sum of areas under at least two peaks of the signal, linear prediction coefficient (LPC), mean value of the signal, ...

Bacteria - Fermented Foods - Buffalo Brewing Blog

Within the Bacteria domain, there has been less consensus among taxonomists on how to organize bacteria into higher taxa (e.g., Kingdom, Sub-Kingdom, etc.).The Ninth Edition of Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (published in 1994) described three major categories of bacteria and one of archaeobacteria, and then further divided the bacteria categories into thirty different descriptive groups. According to the most current taxonomy (Garrity, et al., 2004), the Bacteria are now divided into twenty-four different phyla. Nearly all of the bacteria important in food fermentations, including lactic acid bacteria, belong to a single phylum, the firmicutes.Beyond the phyla, bacteria can be further divided into classes (and subclasses), orders (and sub-orders), families, and genera. Other details on their taxonomic positions will be described below.. ...

Effect of microorganisms on rate of liquid extraction of ethanol from fermentation broths | P. G. Crabbe; C. W. Tse; P. A....

Effect of microorganisms on rate of liquid extraction of ethanol from fermentation broths | P. G. Crabbe; C. W. Tse; P. A. Munro | download | BookSC. Download books for free. Find books

Microtubules shape the cell | JCB

Earlier work by Inoué (1952) had shown that when cells are exposed to cold temperatures the mitotic spindle-later shown to be composed of microtubules-disappears. Working with the protozoan Actinosphaerium nucleofilum, which has needle-like extensions (axopodia) consisting of a well-defined system of microtubules, Tilney and Porter reasoned that "if the microtubules are instrumental in the maintenance of these slender protoplasmic extensions, then low temperature, which, as previously stated, should cause the breakdown of the microtubules, ought secondarily to cause retraction of the axopodia.". Their results supported this hypothesis. Cold treatment of A. nucleofilum cells caused the microtubules to disassemble and the axopodia to withdraw; after returning the cells to room temperature for a few minutes, the microtubules started to reassemble and the axopodia reformed (Tilney and Porter, 1967). The authors concluded that "microtubules are intimately involved not only with the maintenance of ...