TY - JOUR. T1 - Histidine operon control region of Klebsiella pneumoniae. T2 - Analysis with an Escherichia coli promoter-probe plasmid vector. AU - Rodriguez, R. L.. AU - West, R. W.. PY - 1984. Y1 - 1984. N2 - The control region for the histidine operon of Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned and analyzed with the Escherichia coli promoter-probe plasmid pPV33. A restriction fragment which contained the his control region was identified by its ability to activate the tetracycline resistance (Tc(r)) gene on this vector. Expression of Tc(r) by bacteria containing the his promoter-active plasmid was found to be under the attenuation control of the his promoter. DNA sequence analysis of the his control region revealed a base sequence homology of approximately 86% of the analogous DNA sequences of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Most of the base alterations in the K. pneumoniae DNA sequence were found to reside in regions flanking the transcriptional and translational regulatory sites.. AB - The ...

The gab operon is responsible for the conversion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) to succinate. The gab operon comprises three structural genes - gabD, gabT and gabP - that encode for a succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, GABA transaminase and a GABA permease respectively. There is a regulatory gene csiR, downstream of the operon, that codes for a putative transcriptional repressor and is activated when nitrogen is limiting. The gab operon has been characterized in Escherichia coli and significant homologies for the enzymes have been found in organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rats and humans. Limited nitrogen conditions activate the gab genes. The enzymes produced by these genes convert GABA to succinate, which then enters the TCA cycle, to be used as a source of energy. The gab operon is also known to contribute to polyamine homeostasis during nitrogen-limited growth and to maintain high internal glutamate concentrations under stress conditions. The gab operon consists of three structural ...

Translational coupling in the threonine operon of Escherichia coli K-12.: In an attempt to express the two distal genes of the Escherichia coli threonine operon

TY - JOUR. T1 - The groESL operon of the halophilic lactic acid bacterium tetragenococcus halophila. AU - Fukuda, Daisuke. AU - Watanabe, Maki. AU - Aso, Yuji. AU - Sonomoto, Kenji. AU - Ishizaki, Ayaaki. N1 - Funding Information: This work was partly supported by the Sasakawa Scientiˆc Research Grant from The Japan Science Society.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - The groESL operon of the halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophila was cloned by a PCR-based method. The molecular masses of GroES and GroEL proteins were calculated to be 10,153 and 56,893 Da, respectively. The amount of groESL mRNA was increased 3.8-fold by heat shock (45°C), and 4-fold by high NaCl (3-4 M). The Bacillus subtilis σA-like constitutive promoter existed in front of groES, and was used under both normal and stress (heat shock and high salinity) conditions.. AB - The groESL operon of the halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophila was cloned by a PCR-based method. The molecular masses of ...

In bacteria, translation re-initiation is crucial for synthesizing proteins encoded by genes that are organized into operons. The mechanisms regulating translation re-initiation remain, however, poorly understood. We now describe the ribosome termination structure (RTS), a conserved and stable mRNA secondary structure localized immediately downstream of stop codons, and provide experimental evidence for its role in governing re-initiation efficiency in a synthetic Escherichia coli operon. We further report that RTSs are abundant, being associated with 18%-65% of genes in 128 analyzed bacterial genomes representing all phyla, and are selectively depleted when translation re-initiation is advantageous yet selectively enriched so as to insulate translation when re-initiation is deleterious. Our results support a potentially universal role for the RTS in controlling translation termination-insulation and re-initiation across bacteria. The mechanisms for regulating translation re-initiation in ...

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Foldchange Functional No. Gene_ID Product Function_Class (Mutant/WT) GG_PDE category Positive Regulation 1 Rv0006 gyrA DNA gyrase subunit A -2.5 0.92 2 2 Rv0007 conserved hypothetical -2.0 0.49 3 protein 3 Rv0058 dnaB DNA helicase (contains -2.4 0.88 2 intein) 4 Rv0108c hypothetical protein -2.4 0.87 16.6 5 Rv0145 conserved hypothetical -2.7 0.97 10.5 protein 6 Rv0166 fadD5 acyl-CoA synthase -4.2 1.00 1 7 Rv0167 yrbE1A part of mce1 operon -8.9 1.00 0 8 Rv0168 yrbE1B part of mce1 operon -2.0 0.50 0 9 Rv0169 mce1 part of mce1 operon, cell -5.1 1.00 0 invasion protein 10 Rv0170 mce1B part of mce1 operon -7.2 1.00 0 11 Rv0171 mce1C part of mce1 operon -13.3 1.00 0 12 Rv0172 mce1D part of mce1 operon -5.0 1.00 0 13 Rv0173 lprK part of mce1 operon -3.0 0.99 0 14 Rv0174 mce1F part of mce1 operon -5.0 1.00 0 15 Rv0175 conserved hypothetical -2.0 0.55 3 protein (mce1) 16 Rv0176 conserved hypothetical -2.2 0.69 3 protein (mce1) 17 Rv0177 conserved hypothetical -4.0 1.00 10.5 ...

The growth and activity of some Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains are stimulated by the presence of nondigestible fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which are selectively fermented by specific intestinal bacteria. Consumption of FOS, therefore, enriches for those bacteria that possess metabolic pathways necessary for FOS metabolism. In this study, a DNA microarray consisting of 7,680 random genomic library fragments of Lactobacillus paracasei 1195 was used to examine genes involved in the utilization of FOS in this organism. Differential expression profiles between cells grown on FOS and those grown on glucose provided a basis for identifying genes specifically induced by FOS. Several of the FOS-induced genes shared sequence identity with genes encoding β-fructosidases and components of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (PTS). These genes were organized in a putative operon, designated the fos operon, that may play an essential role in FOS utilization. The complete 7,631-bp

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of σ(B) levels and activity in Bacillus subtilis. AU - Benson, A. K.. AU - Haldenwang, W. G.. PY - 1993/1/1. Y1 - 1993/1/1. N2 - The sigB operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes σ(B) plus three additional proteins (RsbV, RsbW, and RsbX) that regulate σ(B) activity. Using an anti- σ(B) monoclonal antibody to monitor the levels of σ(B) protein, P(SPAC) to control the expression of the sigB operon, and a ctc-lacZ reporter system to monitor σ(B) activity, we observed that the rsbV and rsbW products control σ(B) activity at the ctc promoter independently of their effects on σ(B) levels. In contrast, RsbX was found to have no effect on expression of ctc when the sigB operon was controlled by P(SPAC). The data are consistent with RsbV and RsbW being regulators of σ(B) activity and RsbX acting primarily as a negative regulator of sigB operon expression. Evidence that stationary- phase induction of the σ(B)-dependent ctc promoter is accomplished by a reduction in ...

Profiling the microbiome on low biomass samples is challenging as these samples tend to have DNA from other sources. The usual approach is to sequence regions of the 16S rRNA gene, although this can fail to identify the microbial species present. We sequenced the full-length 16S rRNA and the whole rrn operon of a clinical isolate, mock communities and skin samples, on the Oxford Nanopore MinION and found that sequencing the rrn operon gave better resolution at the species level than sequencing 16S rRNA alone.

Part of the ecpRABCDE operon, which encodes the E.coli common pilus (ECP). ECP is found in both commensal and pathogenic strains and plays a dual role in early-stage biofilm development and host cell recognition. Positively regulates the expression of the ecp operon (By similarity). Also represses expression of the flagellar master operon flhDC, and consequently prevents flagellum biosynthesis and motility. Acts by binding to the regulatory region of the flhDC operon (Probable).

Indira Nath, ; Laal, Suman (1990) Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of Mycobacterium leprae gene showing homology to bacterial atp operon Nucleic Acids Research, 18 (16). p. 4935. ISSN 0305-1048 Full text not available from this repository.. Official URL: http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/16/4935.e.... Related URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.16.4935 ...

Shop Uxu operon transcriptional regulator ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Uxu operon transcriptional regulator Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

A putative operon encoding a probable zinc-responsive regulatory element (zur) and components of an ABC-type transporter (mreA mreB) have been characterized in Staphylococcus aureus. The zur gene was inactivated but apparently this did not alter Zn2+ uptake. Expression of mreAB zur is at a low level under a range of ion conditions. To allow inducible expression of the operon, a construct was made placing it under the control of the IPTG-inducible Pspac promoter. Using this approach, it was shown that zur is able to repress expression of the entire operon in a Zn2+-dependent manner, and that mreA and mreB are likely to be involved in high-affinity ion uptake. zur has no apparent role in pathogenicity in a lesion model of S. aureus infection.

Bacteria respond to stress conditions by synthesizing chaperones, which protect the cells from damage by preventing protein denaturation, aggregation, or misfolding. E. coli and most other gram-negative bacteria use specialized σ factors, which become activated after exposure to stress and direct the RNA polymerase to their target promoters, whereas a subgroup of gram-negative bacteria and all gram-positive bacteria use specialized repressors which become inactivated under stress conditions, leading to derepression of target promoters. We have previously demonstrated that the major chaperone-encoding operons of H. pylori are negatively regulated by HspR, the homologue of the repressor of the dnaK operon of Streptomyces species (31). In addition, two of the HspR-regulated operons, groESL and hrcA-grpE-dnaK, are also regulated by HrcA (28), the homologue of the repressor of the groESL operon of B. subtilis. The presence of both regulators is therefore necessary for maintaining Pgro and Phrc in ...

Die Universität zu Köln ist eine Exzellenzuniversität mit dem klassischen Fächerspektrum einer Volluniversität. Als eine der größen Hochschulen Europas arbeitet sie in Forschung und Lehre auch international auf höchstem Niveau.

TY - JOUR. T1 - AAS and ICP-AES Analysis of the Iron-sulfur Cluster in YojG (NapF) Protein of aeg-46.5 Operon in Escherichia coli. AU - Kim, Hyo Ryung. AU - Lee, Yong Chan. AU - Won, Jae Seon. AU - Choe, MuHyeon. PY - 2003/12/20. Y1 - 2003/12/20. KW - aeg-46.5. KW - Electron transfer. KW - Iron-sulfur cluster. KW - NapF. KW - YojG. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0347635463&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0347635463&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0347635463. VL - 24. SP - 1849. EP - 1852. JO - Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society. JF - Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society. SN - 0253-2964. IS - 12. ER - ...

Read Activation of the expression of the microcin C51 operon upon glucose starvation of cells at the exponential growth phase, Russian Journal of Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Get all questions and answers of Molecular Basis Of Inheritance lac-operon of neet1 Genetics And Evolution on TopperLearning. TopperLearnings Experts and Students has answered all of Molecular Basis Of Inheritance Lac Operon of Neet1 Genetics And Evolution questions in detail.

Looking for autogenous control? Find out information about autogenous control. Regulation of gene expression by a product of the gene itself that either inhibits or enhances the genes activity Explanation of autogenous control

The widespread natural ability of RNA to sense small molecules and regulate genes has become an important tool for synthetic biology in applications as diverse as environmental sensing and metabolic engineering. Previous work in RNA synthetic biology has engineered RNA mechanisms that independently regulate multiple targets and integrate regulatory signals. However, intracellular regulatory networks built with these systems have required proteins to propagate regulatory signals. In this work, we remove this requirement and expand the RNA synthetic biology toolkit by engineering three unique features of the plasmid pT181 antisense-RNA-mediated transcription attenuation mechanism. First, because the antisense RNA mechanism relies on RNA-RNA interactions, we show how the specificity of the natural system can be engineered to create variants that independently regulate multiple targets in the same cell. Second, because the pT181 mechanism controls transcription, we show how independently acting ...

LeuO is a dual transcriptional regulator that regulates genes involved in leucine biosynthesis [1, 15], genes involved in the utilization of certain β-glucosides [5, 7] and genes encoding LuxR-type transcription factors [14] It is also involved in the bacterial stringent response [16]. LeuO is one of the transcription factors that counteracts H-NS-mediated repression of specific loci [1, 5, 7, 17, 18] Overproduction of LeuO causes the phenotype Bgl+, since LeuO can unsilence the bglGFB operon, which is silenced (phenotypically Bgl ) under laboratory conditions [7] LeuO is part of the RpoS/H-NS/Hfq/LeuO/DsrA RNA regulatory cascade that controls the bglGFH operon [5]and translation of rpoS, particularly at low temperatures [19, 20]. LeuO belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulator family and contains a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain [4, 7] No LeuO consensus binding sequence is known [14]. LeuO activates transcription of the divergent leuLABCD operon [2]. An in vivo genetic selection ...

Surgeons will have an easier time using extra-long bariatric surgery instruments with the OPERON D860 surgical table from Stryker. This powerful table fe

The Genetics Society of America (GSA), founded in 1931, is the professional membership organization for scientific researchers and educators in the field of genetics. Our members work to advance knowledge in the basic mechanisms of inheritance, from the molecular to the population level.. Online ISSN: 1943-2631. ...

Try larger volumes of cells - maybe 6 mL in round bottom tubes.. Try in LB again - maybe fluorescence isnt as bad as we thought originally.. ...

The growing conviction that lateral gene transfer plays a significant role in prokaryote genealogy opens up a need for comprehensive evaluations of gene-enzyme systems on a case-by-case basis. Genes of tryptophan biosynthesis are frequently organized as whole-pathway operons, an attribute that is expected to facilitate multi-gene transfer in a single step. We have asked whether events of lateral gene transfer are sufficient to have obscured our ability to track the vertical genealogy that underpins tryptophan biosynthesis. In 47 complete-genome Bacteria, the genes encoding the seven catalytic domains that participate in primary tryptophan biosynthesis were distinguished from any paralogs or xenologs engaged in other specialized functions. A reliable list of orthologs with carefully ascertained functional roles has thus been assembled and should be valuable as an annotation resource. The protein domains associated with primary tryptophan biosynthesis were then concatenated, yielding single amino-acid

Dr. Christina Kile, MD is a Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Specialist in Albany, GA and has over 18 years of experience in the medical field. Dr. Kile has more experience with Osteoporosis & Screening, Thyroid Disorders, and Diabetes & Glucose Monitoring than other specialists in her area. She graduated from Mercer University School Of Medicine medical school in 2003. She is affiliated with medical facilities such as Crisp Regional Hospital and Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital. She is accepting new patients and has indicated that she accepts telehealth appointments. Be sure to call ahead with Dr. Kile to book an appointment.

When both glucose and lactose are present in the medium, the transcription of the genes z, y and a are inhibited. This phenomenon is called catabolite repression or glucose effect. The effect of

University of Idaho VIVO is a discovery tool that enables anyone to find experts, research, and associated activities at the University of Idaho.

View Notes - Control of Gene Expression from BSC BSC1005 at Broward College. mRNA and translational mechanisms control the synthesis of protein after mRNA has been produced. Operons Operons are

protein,BC0DF593AE969F1DBC5E9E2BACF1C00BE4FEE449,GlcT]: antitermination, via the [protein,BC0DF593AE969F1DBC5E9E2BACF1C00BE4FEE449,GlcT]-dependent [SW,RNA switch] [PubMed,9765562], in [regulon,BC0DF593AE969F1DBC5E9E2BACF1C00BE4FEE449,GlcT regulon ...

Chapter 19) (a) Minimal defective prophage created by removal of the N through kil genes in the P L operon and replacement of rexA and rexB with a drug resistance cassette, either ampicillin (bla) or chloramphenicol (cat). With this system, raising the temperature induces the operon directly without N-mediated antitermination. (b) Minimal prophage moved onto a high-copy-number vector. The pBR322 origin of DNA replication between nucleotide coordinates 2348 and 3296 was amplified.This linear PCR product was used to clone the minimal prophage in a gap repair reaction. This linear pBR322 fragment contains ori but lacks an antibiotic resistance gene, so only those plasmid clones that have undergone successful recombineering will contain an antibiotic resistance marker inherited from the prophage.The high-copy-number plasmids thus generated, pSIM2 and pSIM4 (Cmr and Ampr, respectively),were used as targets in subsequent recombineering reactions.The pBR322 segment was replaced precisely with a linear ...

Friedli M, Barde I, Arcangeli M, Verp S, Quazzola A, Zakany J, Lin-Marq N, Robyr D, Attanasio C, Spitz F, Duboule D, Trono D, Antonarakis SE. A systematic enhancer screen using lentivector transgenesis identifies conserved and non-conserved functional elements at the Olig1 and Olig2 locus. PLoS One. 2010 Dec 29; 5(12):e15741 ...

Sorry again for the millions of qns but Im doing quite badly in this subject so I need loads of help! Could you just check my answer for this qn? A lacI mutatio

Prokaryotic genes associated with a specific function are often grouped together in contiguous regions of the genome known as gene clusters [1]. Many of the functions encoded in these clusters are of interest to biotechnology [2]. Unfortunately, gene clusters are frequently subject to complex and highly redundant host regulation. However, through a process known as refactoring, gene clusters can be recoded to systematically eliminate native regulation [2]. This process of refactoring aims to reduce the overall complexity of genetic systems and allows them to be tailored for a particular purpose. The term refactoring is borrowed from computer science and refers to the alteration of a programs underlying code without changing its functionality [2]. This term was first applied in biology to describe the top-down approach of simplifying the phage T7 genome [3], but it is used here to refer to the bottom-up approach of eliminating native regulation of gene clusters and replacing it with ...

Much research has been done on the ebg operon of the bacterium Escherichia coli over the last 30 years. specific mutations within this operon enable the bacterium to metabolize lactose.. PDF Download ...

Much research has been done on the ebg operon of the bacterium Escherichia coli over the last 30 years. specific mutations within this operon enable the bacterium to metabolize lactose.. PDF Download ...

OPER0N,S.A. was established in 1973 as a private R&D laboratory in the field of Immunochemistry. In 1982 OPERON started its international sales operations. OPERON currently develops and manufactures several product lines: Raw materials: antibodies/recombinant antigens, Rapid tests, Molecular Diagnostic kits ready to use and customized services. All products have been developed and produced at its own facilities. The products are sold in many countries around the world.. ...

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RM 7638212 RT Identification of the Bacillus subtilis pur operon repressor. RA Weng M, Nagy PL, Zalkin H. RL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7455- ...

Jeroen Wijnhout wrote: , Pretty cool! I could add support for the lstlisting environment, it would , display anything inside this enviroment as verbatim text (Are there any other , environments like this? Those could be added too). There may be others, but I dont know them. As for the listings package: Its homepage is http://www.atscire.de/products/listings/ and as you said: as far as the editor (Kile) is concerned, the lstlisting environment is just like verbatim text, i.e. any code can appear here. Note that there are some things that have to be prepared in order to make it work: % Enabling: \usepackage{listings} % Get rid of warnings package hyperref Warning: bookmark % level for unknown lstlisting defaults to 0. \makeatletter \providecommand{\toclevel@...}{0} \makeatother % Define languages, like PHP \lstdefinelanguage {PHP} {...} % Set default language for \begin{lstlisting} % (the most used in your doc, others have to be % set explicitly using \begin{lstlisting}[...] \lstset{language=PHP ...

This section aims to give an overview of different features that are known about the query genes, such as their transcriptional regulation, their gene product, the operon to which they belong and the description of gene ontologies they are associated to. In the case one or more of the input genes are not found in our database, they will appear under the section gene (s) not found. The table can be sorted by any of the features by clicking icon attached to the name of the feature´s associated column. ...

Mirel DB, Lustre VM, Chamberlin MJ (1992) An operon of Bacillus subtilis motility genes transcribed by the sigma D form of RNA polymerase. J Bacteriol 174:4197-204.[PMID:1624413 ...

Biology Assignment Help, Positive and negative regulation, Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The lac operon is an brilliant example of negative control or negative regulation of gene

Expression of the genes in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli is primarily coordinated by expression of the LEE1 operon. GrlA is a LEE-encoded transcription regulator that has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of expression of the LEE1 operon. We describe a simple plasmid-based system to investigate the LEE1 operon regulatory region and to study GrlA-dependent effects. We report that GrlA can activate transcription initiation at the LEE1 P1 promoter by binding to a target located within the 18 base pair spacer between the promoter 10 and 35 elements, which were defined by mutational analysis. Shortening this spacer to 17 base pairs increases P1 promoter activity and short-circuits GrlA dependent activation. Hence, at the P1 promoter, the action of GrlA resembles that of many MerR family transcription activators at their target promoters ...

The upper operon of the TOL plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida encodes a set of enzymes which transform toluene and xylenes to benzoate and toluates. The genetic organization of the operon was characterized by cloning of the upper operon genes into an expression vector and identification of their products in Escherichia coli maxicells. This analysis showed that the upper operon contains at least five genes in the order of xylC-xylM-xylA-xylB-xylN. Between the promoter of the operon and xylC, there is a 1.7-kilobase-long space of DNA in which no gene function was identified. In contrast, most of the DNA between xylC and xylN consists of coding sequences. The xylC gene encodes the 57-kilodalton benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. The xylM and xylA genes encode 35- and 40-kilodalton polypeptides, respectively, which were shown by genetic complementation tests to be subunits of xylene oxygenase. The structural gene for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, xylB, encodes a 40-kilodalton polypeptide. The last gene of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Horizontal transfer of iturin a operon, itu, to Bacillus subtilis 168 and conversion into an iturin A producer. AU - Tsuge, Kenji. AU - Inoue, Satoka. AU - Ano, Takashi. AU - Itaya, Mitsuhiro. AU - Shoda, Makoto. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2005/11. Y1 - 2005/11. N2 - Iturin A and its derivatives are lipopeptide antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis and several closely related bacteria. Three iturin group operons (i.e., iturin A, mycosubtilin, and bacillomycin D) of those antibiotic-producing strains have been cloned and sequenced thus far, strongly implying the horizontal transfer of these operons. To examine the nature of such horizontal transfer in terms of antibiotic production, a 42-kb region of the B. subtilis RB14 genome, which contains a complete 38-kb iturin A operon, was transferred via competent cell transformation to the genome of a non-iturin A producer, B. subtilis 168, using a method based on double-crossover ...

A unique d-to-l racemization of arginine by coupled arginine dehydrogenases DauA and DauB encoded by the dauBAR operon has been recently reported as a prerequisite for d-arginine utilization as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen through l-arginine catabolic pathways in P. aeruginosa. In this study, enzymic properties of the catabolic FAD-dependent d-amino acid dehydrogenase DauA and the physiological functions of the dauBAR operon were further characterized with other d-amino acids. These results establish DauA as a d-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity, with d-Arg and d-Lys as the two most effective substrates, based on the kinetic parameters. In addition, expression of dauBAR is specifically induced by exogenous d-Arg and d-Lys, and mutations in the dauBAR operon affect utilization of these two amino acids alone. The function of DauR as a repressor in the control of the dauBAR operon was demonstrated by dauB promoter activity measurements in vivo and mobility shift assays with

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the phoB-rrnE-groESL region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. AU - Sadaie, Yoshito. AU - Yata, Katsunori. AU - Fujita, Masaya. AU - Sagai, Hitoshi. AU - Itaya, Mitsuhiro. AU - Kasahara, Yasuhiro. AU - Ogasawara, Naotake. PY - 1997/6. Y1 - 1997/6. N2 - A 36 kb sequence of the phoB-rrnE-groESL region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome at around 55°has been determined. The sequenced region contains 36 ORFs including the phoB and groESL genes, and the whole rrnE operon. The phoB gene is transcribed in the direction opposite to that of chromosome replication, while most ORFs, including groESL and the rrnE operon, are transcribed in the same direction. Two newly identified tRNA genes upstream of the rrnE operon were those for Arg-tRNA and Gly-tRNA. The sequenced region contains an operon consisting of genes for degradation and uptake of mannan. The rrnE operon and its downstream ORFs are well conserved among Mycoplasma genitalium, Haemophilus ...

The rhamnolipid operon from |i|Pesudomonas|/i| strain with the native promoter was not expressed in logarithmic phase of |i|Ecoli|/i|. The expression of rhamnolipid in logarithmic phase of growth whether the regulatory elements of the operon are eliminated or not was investigated. The rhamnolipid operon was identified in |i|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|/i| ATCC 9027 and the rhlAB genes related to rhamnolipid were isolated and amplified by PCR. The PCR product was cloned in pET 23a expression vector and transferred into the |i|E. coli|/i| BL21. The expression of rhlAB genes was analyzed and our results showed that the synthesis of monorhamnolipid occurred in logarithmic phase. In addition this data demonstrated a higher production of rhamnolipid in recombinant |i|Ecoli|/i| Bl21compared to that indigenous |i|Pseudomonas aeruginosa|/i| ATCC 9027.

To date, metabolic engineering of E. coli for 1-propanol biosynthesis has been conducted through two major pathways, i.e. (1) the keto-acid biosynthetic pathway [6-8] and (2) the extended 1,2-propanediol pathway [5]. Unlike these approaches, our strategy focused on activation of the endogenous but often silent Sbm operon for extended conversion of succinate into 1-propanol. The 1-propanol-producing capacity was implemented by transforming a wild-type E. coli strain, BW25141, with three plasmids respectively harboring the Sbm operon genes (with the exception of ygfG), sucCD, and adhE2 for expression of these key genes. Using the metabolically engineered strains for anaerobic fermentation, we obtained 1-propanol titers up to 150 mg/L which is comparable to those of other studies [5, 9]. In addition, we identified several potential factors limiting 1-propanol production, in particular the abundance of precursors and the conversion step catalyzed by a bi-functional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase. ...

Gene expression changes of glutamate-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum were identified in transcriptome comparisons by DNA microarray analysis. During glutamate production induced by a temperature shift, C glutamicum strain 2262 showed significantly higher mRNA levels of the NCgl2816 and NCgl2817 genes than its non-glutamate- producing derivative 2262NP. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the two genes together constitute an operon. NCgl2816 putatively codes for a lactate permease, while NCgl2817 was demonstrated to encode quinone-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase, which was named LldD. C. glutamicum LldD displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrate L-lactate with a K-m of about 0.51 mM. The specific activity of LIdD was about 10-fold higher during growth on L-lactate or on an L-lactate-glucose mixture than during growth on glucose, D-lactate, or pyruvate, while the specific activity of quinone-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenase differed little with the carbon source. RNA ...

The nucleotide sequence was determined of a 8775-base-pair region of DNA cloned from the photosynthetic non-sulphur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. It contains a cluster of five genes encoding F1-ATPase subunits. The genes are arranged in the same order as F1 genes in the Escherichia coli unc operon. However, as in the related organism Rhodopseudomonas blastica, neither genes for components of F0, the membrane sector of ATP synthase, nor a homologue of the E. coli uncI gene are associated with this locus, as they are in E. coli.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of the galactose operon of Streptococcus mutans. AU - Ajdic, Dragana. AU - Ferretti, Joseph J.. PY - 1997/10/23. Y1 - 1997/10/23. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030867325&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030867325&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 9331823. AN - SCOPUS:0030867325. VL - 418. SP - 1015. EP - 1018. JO - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. JF - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. SN - 0065-2598. ER - ...

Team:Cambridge/Templates/header}} {{:Team:Cambridge/LumNavTemplate}} ==Photinus Pyralis (Firefly Luciferase)== ==EPIC luciferase== ==Bacterial Bioluminescence== *[[Team:Cambridge/VibrioFischeri, Vibrio Fischeri]] *[[Team:Cambridge/VibrioHarvei, Vibrio Harveyi]] *[[Team:Cambridge/ProjectBioluminescence/Luciferase/WikiGeneticsLuxCDABE, Genetics of luxCDABE (adapted from wikipedia)]] *[http://parts.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/Lux_operon, 2006 attempts at BioBricking the lux operon] *[[Team:Cambridge/ProjectBioluminescence/Luciferase/Notes, Notes]] *[http://partsregistry.org/Lux The lux wiki from parts registry] *[http://departments.kings.edu/biology/lux/bacterial.html Vibrio plasmid experiment] -possible source of lux operon *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF170104.1?report=graph&log$=seqview NCBI Lux operon sequence] *[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_G10001 parts registry lux operon] -currently waiting on an email to see how useful/available this part is ...

We found evidence that the chromosomal parA and parB genes of M. bovis BCG and M. smegmatis are expressed from multiple promoters. To identify the promoter sequences that regulate the expression of the par genes, we mapped the transcription start sites of the par-mRNAs by primer extension and confirmed the activity of the identified promoters by transcriptional fusions to a fluorescent reporter. We also demonstrated that in M. bovis BCG the parA and parB genes are differentially expressed during the exponential and stationary growth phases.. In all microorganisms studied thus far, plasmid and chromosome-encoded partitioning genes are arranged in an operon. Transcription of the par genes is driven by one (in F and R1 plasmids, P1 prophage and C. crescentus) or two (in S. coelicolor) promoters located upstream of the gene encoding the ATPase (parA or sopA) [5, 7, 13, 15, 32]. The jag, gidB, parA and parB genes of M. bovis BCG and M. smegmatis shared orientation and close spacing, suggesting that ...

The Streptococcus pyogenes genome harbors two clusters of class Ib ribonucleotide reductase genes, nrdHEF and nrdF*I*E*, and a second stand-alone nrdI gene, designated nrdI2. We show that both clusters are expressed simultaneously as two independent operons. The NrdEF enzyme is functionally active in vitro, while the NrdE*F* enzyme is not. The NrdF* protein lacks three of the six highly conserved iron-liganding side chains and cannot form a dinuclear iron site or a tyrosyl radical. In vivo, on the other hand, both operons are functional in heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. The nrdF*I*E* operon requires the presence of the nrdI* gene, and the nrdHEF operon gained activity upon cotranscription of the heterologous nrdI gene from Streptococcus pneumoniae, while neither nrdI* nor nrdI2 from S. pyogenes rendered it active. Our results highlight the essential role of the flavodoxin NrdI protein in vivo, and we suggest that it is needed to reduce met-NrdF, thereby enabling the ...

An example is the trp gene in bacteria. When there is a high level of tryptophan in the region, it is inefficient for the bacterium to synthesize more. When the RNA polymerase binds and transcribes the trp gene, the ribosome will start translating. (This differs from eukaryotic cells, where RNA must exit the nucleus before translation starts.) The attenuator sequence, which is located between the mRNA leader sequence (5 UTR) and trp operon gene sequence, contains four domains, where domain 3 can pair with domain 2 or domain 4. The attenuator sequence at domain 1 contains instruction for peptide synthesis that requires tryptophans. A high level of tryptophan will permit ribosomes to translate the attenuator sequence domains 1 and 2, allowing domains 3 and 4 to form a hairpin structure, which results in termination of transcription of the trp operon. Since the protein coding genes are not transcribed due to rho independent termination, no tryptophan is synthesised. In contrast, a low level of ...

Shop Leucine-responsive regulatory protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Leucine-responsive regulatory protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

The metabolism of the glycation product fructose-ϵ-lysine in Escherichia coli involves its ATP-dependent phosphorylation by a specific kinase (FrlD), followed by the conversion of fructoselysine 6-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate and lysine by fructoselysine-6-phosphate deglycase (FrlB), which is distantly related to the isomerase domain of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase. As shown in the present work, several bacterial operons comprise: (1) a homologue of fructoselysine-6-phosphate deglycase; (2) a second homologue of the isomerase domain of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, more closely related to it; and (3) components of a novel phosphotransferase system, but no FrlD homologue. The FrlB homologue (GfrF) and the closer glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase homologue (GfrE) encoded by an Enterococcus faecium operon were expressed in E. coli and purified. Similar to FrlB, GfrF catalysed the reversible conversion of fructoselysine 6-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate and lysine. When incubated ...

Transcriptional activation of quinoline degradation operons of Pseudomonas putida 86 by the AraC/XylS-type regulator OxoS and cross-regulation of the PqorM promoter by XylS

Read Properties of the Functioning of the Promoter of the Microcin C51 Operon under Different Conditions of Escherichia coliCell Growth, Russian Journal of Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The atp1BEGFHAC operon, which encodes subunits of the ATPase complex, is a typical example of a type II operon. A temporal increase of up to twofold was found for genes in the more distal section of the operon and in fact the induction level became more pronounced with distance from the promoter (Figure 7). These results were verified by qRT-PCR, which showed an even greater temporal increase in transcript levels for genes furthest from the promoter compared to microarray data (Additional file 2). The rise in transcript level occurred with a considerable delay and may be due to a physical block that is present within the transcription initiation region (Figure 7). Mechanisms for transcriptional interference have been investigated in great detail in E. coli (for a review see [42]) and may explain the phenomenon observed here. Shearwin et al. [42] provide three plausible explanations for the retardation of the polymerase: model 1, a protein complex of unknown nature sitting downstream of the ...

Autogenous cis-regulators of ribosomal protein synthesis play a critical role in maintaining the stoichiometry of ribosome components. Structured portions within an mRNA transcript typically interact with specific ribosomal proteins to prevent expression of the entire operon, thus balancing levels of ribosomal proteins across transcriptional units. Three distinct RNA structures from different bacterial phyla have demonstrated interactions with S15 to regulate gene expression; however, these RNAs are distributed across a small fraction of bacterial diversity. We used comparative genomics in combination with analysis of existing transcriptomic data to identify three novel putative RNA structures associated with the S15 coding region in microbial genomes. These structures are completely distinct from those previously published and encompass potential regulatory regions including ribosome-binding sites. To validate the biological relevance of our findings, we demonstrate that an example of the

Autogenous cis-regulators of ribosomal protein synthesis play a critical role in maintaining the stoichiometry of ribosome components. Structured portions within an mRNA transcript typically interact with specific ribosomal proteins to prevent expression of the entire operon, thus balancing levels of ribosomal proteins across transcriptional units. Three distinct RNA structures from different bacterial phyla have demonstrated interactions with S15 to regulate gene expression; however, these RNAs are distributed across a small fraction of bacterial diversity. We used comparative genomics in combination with analysis of existing transcriptomic data to identify three novel putative RNA structures associated with the S15 coding region in microbial genomes. These structures are completely distinct from those previously published and encompass potential regulatory regions including ribosome-binding sites. To validate the biological relevance of our findings, we demonstrate that an example of the

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1A4X: Adaptation of an enzyme to regulatory function: structure of Bacillus subtilis PyrR, a pyr RNA-binding attenuation protein and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase.

Biofilm-forming cells are distinctive from well characterized planktonic cells and aggregate in the extracellular matrix, the so-called extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). ATCC 33277 to act as a negative mediator of exopolysaccharide build up and is indirectly associated with the structure of the EPS and the push of its adhesion to surfaces. Intro Bacteria adhere widely to surfaces of varied composition in the environment. These biofilms cause problems in a number of activities, such as agriculture, market, and healthcare [1]. In the dental care field, oral biofilms are defined to consist of multiple bacterial varieties and to cause opportunistic infection, resulting in dental care caries and periodontal disease [2], [3]. operon and a secreted protein TasA, which is definitely encoded from the operon [12]. The and operons are controlled from the repressor protein SinR [13]C[15]. In contrast, using microarray analysis, we revealed that the number of genes differentially regulated by more ...

During infection of plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plants are wounded and then a tumor is induced, which becomes a source of opines: chemicals that stimulate the production of the quorum-sensing (QS) signal N-(3-oxooctanoyl) homoserine lactone (OC8-HSL). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is produced by plants as part of the response to wounding. Chevrot et al. show that GABA stimulates expression of the attKLM operon in A. tumefaciens, which produces a lactonase that opens the ring and inactivates OC8-HSL. Consequently, OC8-HSL was undetectable in cultures of A. tumefaciens exposed to GABA. Proteins encoded by the attKLM operon were identified in a screen for proteins synthesized in response to the addition of GABA to cultures of A. tumefaciens. The induction of the attKLM operon was also monitored using a reporter assay, and in A. tumefaciens deficient for the GABA transporter system, GABA did not induce the reporter. The importance of GABA for the plant response was verified using transgenic ...

We employed two different assays for operon functionality: growth on caffeine as a sole carbon source, and a genetic selection for caffeine demethylation to xanthine. To evaluate the ability to use caffeine as a sole carbon source we will transform TOP 10 E. coli electrocompetent cells with the refactored caffeine utilization operon, grow transformed cells in rich media to saturation and then dilute 1:100 into M9 mineral media. Varying levels of caffeine concentrations will be used to determine the degree of caffeine utilization, and the optimal limit for growth. Since the cell has an extremely large requirement for carbon, the energy derived from demethylation may not be enough to support growth. For this reason a second assay for caffeine demethylation based on guanine auxotrophy has been devised. E. coli synthesizes the nucleotide guanine de novo via a pathway that involves xanthosine-5-phosphate (XMP) as an essential intermediate. The enzyme responsible for the formation of XMP (from ...

We employed two different assays for operon functionality: growth on caffeine as a sole carbon source, and a genetic selection for caffeine demethylation to xanthine. To evaluate the ability to use caffeine as a sole carbon source we will transform TOP 10 E. coli electrocompetent cells with the refactored caffeine utilization operon, grow transformed cells in rich media to saturation and then dilute 1:100 into M9 mineral media. Varying levels of caffeine concentrations will be used to determine the degree of caffeine utilization, and the optimal limit for growth. Since the cell has an extremely large requirement for carbon, the energy derived from demethylation may not be enough to support growth. For this reason a second assay for caffeine demethylation based on guanine auxotrophy has been devised. E. coli synthesizes the nucleotide guanine de novo via a pathway that involves xanthosine-5-phosphate (XMP) as an essential intermediate. The enzyme responsible for the formation of XMP (from ...

The lacI gene of E. coli has been a highly useful target for studies of mutagenesis, particularly for analysis of the specificity (spectrum) of mutations generated under a variety of conditions and in various genetic backgrounds. The gene encodes the repressor of the lac operon, and lacI-defective mutants displaying constitutive expression of the operon are readily selected. DNA sequencing of the lacI mutants has often been confined to the N-terminal region of the protein, as it presents a conveniently short target with a high density of detectably mutable sites ...

Escherichia coli can overcome the toxicity of environmental cyanate by hydrolysisof cyanate to ammonia and bicarbonate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzymecyanase, encoded by the cynS gene. The nucleotide sequence of cynS has beenreported (Sung, Y.-c., Anderson, P. M., and Fuchs, J. A. (1987) J. Bacteriol.169, 5224-5230). The nucleotide sequence of the complete cyn operon has now been determined. The cyn operon is approximately 2600 base pairs and includes cynT,cynS, and cynX, which encode cyanate permease, cyanase, and a protein of unknown function, respectively. Two cyanate-inducible transcripts of 1500 and 2500nucleotides, respectively, were detected by Northern blot analysis. S1 nucleasemapping experiments indicated that two different cyn mRNAs have a common 5-endand two different 3-ends. One 3-end was located within the coding region ofcynX, whereas the other 3-end includes the entire DNA sequence of cynX. Thelonger transcript contained 98 nucleotides complementary to lac mRNA ...

ID LACI_ECOLI Reviewed; 360 AA. AC P03023; O09196; P71309; Q2MC79; Q47338; DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 19-JUL-2003, sequence version 3. DT 20-MAR-2007, entry version 87. DE Lactose operon repressor. GN Name=lacI; OrderedLocusNames=b0345, JW0336; OS Escherichia coli. OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; OC Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia. OX NCBI_TaxID=562; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX MEDLINE=78246991; PubMed=355891; DOI=10.1038/274765a0; RA Farabaugh P.J.; RT Sequence of the lacI gene.; RL Nature 274:765-769(1978). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RA Chen J., Matthews K.K.S.M.; RL Submitted (MAY-1991) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RA Marsh S.; RL Submitted (JAN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076; RA Chung E., Allen E., Araujo R., Aparicio A.M., Davis K., ...

To do it we exploited one of such genetic systems, existing in the complex of genes that form the Lac Operon shown in Figure 4. Namely, E. coli can survive by metabolizing either glucose or lactose - in the case of lack of glucose. Lactose- or glucose-metabolizing modes are the two stable state of the system. To perform experiments we use IPTG a structural analog of lactose that cannot be metabolized. Thus the input of our system are the external concentrations of Glucose and IPTG (Gluex and IPTGex respectively). Since lactose metabolism is more energy consuming, usually all the apparatus that takes care of the lactose metabolism is repressed. It is the promoter pLac constitutively shut off by the presence of the LacI protein, that inhibits the transcription of the downstream genes in the operon (this is how it works). When IPTG is in the environment, several concurrent processes take place in the cell. IPTG flows across the membrane and after some processing it is able to quench the repressor ...

To do it we exploited one of such genetic systems, existing in the complex of genes that form the Lac Operon shown in Figure 4. Namely, E. coli can survive by metabolizing either glucose or lactose - in the case of lack of glucose. Lactose- or glucose-metabolizing modes are the two stable state of the system. To perform experiments we use IPTG a structural analog of lactose that cannot be metabolized. Thus the input of our system are the external concentrations of Glucose and IPTG (Gluex and IPTGex respectively). Since lactose metabolism is more energy consuming, usually all the apparatus that takes care of the lactose metabolism is repressed. It is the promoter pLac constitutively shut off by the presence of the LacI protein, that inhibits the transcription of the downstream genes in the operon (this is how it works). When IPTG is in the environment, several concurrent processes take place in the cell. IPTG flows across the membrane and after some processing it is able to quench the repressor ...

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Genome sequence analysis A combination of genome analysis application has been established here during this project. This offers an efficient platform to interactively compare similar genome regions and reveal loci differences. The genes and operons can be rapidly analyzed and local collinear blocks (LCBs) categorized according to their function. The features of interests are parsed, recognized, and clustered into reports. Phylogenetic relationships can be readily examined such as the evolution of critical factors or a certain highly-conserved region. The resulting platform-independent software packages (GENOVA and inGeno), have been proven to be efficient and easy to handle in a number of projects. The capabilities of the software allowed the investigation of virulence factors, e.g., rsbU, strains biological design, and in particular pathogenicity feature storage and management. We have successfully investigated the genomes of Staphylococcus aureus strains (COL, N315, 8325, RN1HG, Newman), ...

Prokaryotic genes associated with a specific function are often grouped together in contiguous regions of the genome known as gene clusters [1]. Many of the functions encoded in these clusters are of potential interest to synthetic biology. Unfortunately, gene clusters are frequently subject to complex and highly redundant host regulation [1]. Furthermore, there may be no laboratory conditions known that allow for expression of these clusters. However, through a process known as refactoring, gene clusters can be recoded to systematically eliminate native regulation [2]. This process of refactoring aims to reduce the overall complexity of genetic systems and allows them to be tailored for a particular purpose. The term refactoring is borrowed from computer science and refers to the alteration of a programs underlying code without changing its functionality [2]. This term was first applied in biology to describe the top-down approach of simplifying the phage T7 genome [3], but it is used here ...

Know the difference between a repressible operon (trp, binding of a molecule to the repressor turns off expression of the gene) and an inducible operon (lac, binding of a molecule to the repressor turns on expression of the genes ...

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hello, Recently I have been searching for a good text editor to ge a practical way to read my source file (.tex). I have found emacs with aucTeX which works perfectly to read a source file since there is the following advantages which we do not find in Kile : - a great highlighting which enable the reader to get a clear understanding of the main text and the footnotes. Indeed, the footnote are underlined and highlighted (which is, I think, a great feature for someone writing a report or anything else requiring a lot of footnotes). Also, we can get with aucTeX highlighting for \section, \chapter, etc, and underlining for \emph. - secondly, a really great feature is formating of all the source file when we enter M-X and LaTeX-fill-buffer. When we write with Kile, the indentation is not really improved, and my source file is not beautiful, which lead to a difficult task when reading the source code. Also, footnotes are moved to the right when formating. - finally the preview of some parts of ...

Part of the yadCKLM-htrE-yadVN fimbrial operon. Could contribute to adhesion to various surfaces in specific environmental niches.

Members of this protein family are ABC transporter permease proteins associated with urea transport and metabolism. This protein is found in a conserved five-gene transport operon typically found adjacent to urease genes. It was shown in Cyanobacteria that disruption leads to the loss of high-affinity urea transport activity ...