The oligosaccharide chains of microheterogeneous bovine pancreatic DNAases were characterized by the lectin-nitrocellulose sheet method. The active fractions of the DNAases from column chromatography showed four major and several minor spots on a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel. They were transferred on to nitrocellulose sheets and treated with glycosidases (neuraminidase, endo-beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase H or F, or peptide N-glycosidase F) and treated with peroxidase-coupled lectins (concanavalin A, Ricinus communis agglutinin or wheat-germ agglutinin). From the results, the most probable oligosaccharide types were proposed to be as follows: the four major spots contained components which had high-mannose type or hybrid-type oligosaccharides, such as those susceptible to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. In addition, spot 1 contained a complex-type biantennary oligosaccharide without sialic acid and spot 3 contained a tri- or tetra-antennary complex-type oligosaccharide with sialic ...
Eleven tested anions were able to form adducts with neutral oligosaccharides at low cone voltage in negative ion mode electrospray mass spectrometry. Among them, fluoride and acetate have the abilities to significantly enhance the absolute abundance of [M-H]- for neutral oliogosaccharides. The chloride adduct has the best stability among all the adduct species investigated. For the above three anions, CID of adduct species may be used for structural determination of neutral oligosaccharides. In the presence of F- and Ac-, simultaneous detection of acidic oligosaccharides and neutral oligosaccharides was achieved. The ratio of Cl- : non-Cl-containing product ions obtained in CID spectra of chloride adducts of disaccharides was used to differentiate anomeric configurations of disaccharides. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to evaluate the optimized structures of chloride adducts of disaccharides. The formation and decomposition of chloride adducts with oligosaccharides of different
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are an important class of polymeric carbohydrates found in virtually all living entities. Their structural features make their nomenclature challenging and their roles in living systems make their nomenclature important. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that are composed of several monosaccharide residues joined through glycosidic linkage, which can be hydrolyzed by enzymes or acid to give the constituent monosaccharide units. While a strict definition of an oligosaccharide is not established, it is generally agreed that a carbohydrate consisting of two to ten monosaccharide residues with a defined structure is an oligosaccharide. Some oligosaccharides, for example maltose, sucrose, and lactose, were trivially named before their chemical constitution was determined, and these names are still used today. Maltose Sucrose Lactose Trivial names, however, are not useful for most other oligosaccharides and, as such, systematic rules for the nomenclature of ...
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and lutropin (eLH) are heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones which are synthesized in the placenta and pituitary, respectively. The beta subunits of eCG and eLH, like their alpha subunits, arise from a single gene and have identical amino acid sequences. In contrast, the beta subunits of CG and LH in primates arise from different genes and differ in sequence. We have examined the structures of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides on eCG and eLH. eCG bears di- and tri-branched Asn-linked oligosaccharides terminating with Sia alpha 2,3 or 6Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc. In contrast, , 72% of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides on eLH have 1 or 2 branches terminating with the sequence SO4-4-GalNAc beta 1,4GlcNAc. The nonsulfated oligosaccharides on eLH are neutral (6% of the total) or have branches terminating with sialic acid-Gal (22% of the total). Since the alpha and beta subunits of eCG and eLH both contain the tripeptide motif, Pro-Xaa-Arg/Lys, recognized by the glycoprotein ...
The multifaceted biological importance of carbohydrates has made them very popular targets in modern synthetic chemistry. Great progress has been made in stereoselective glycosylation methods and the construction of complex oligosaccharides. This Focus Review highlights the versatile applications of preactivation strategies in stereoselective glycosylation and oligosaccharide synthesis. Recent advances in synthetic methods, such as 4,6-O-benzylidene-acetal-directed beta-mannosylation, the 1,2-cis-glycosylation mediated by a chiral auxiliary, the use of an oxazolidinone or carbonate protecting group, and glycosylation with participating additives, are described. Various examples of sequential glycosylation based on preactivation protocols for efficient oligosaccharide assembly are also summarized. ...
The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and chorionic gonadotropin (CG), are cysteine-knot growth-factor superfamily glycoproteins composed of a common alpha subunit noncovalently associated with a hormone-specific beta subunit. The cysteine-knot motifs in both subunits create two hairpin loops, designated L1 and L3, on one side of the knot, with the intervening long loop, L2, on the opposite side. As the average alpha-subunit loop 2 oligosaccharide mass increased from 1482 to 2327, LH and FSH receptor-binding affinities of the dual-specificity eLH declined significantly, while the decrease in FSH receptor-binding affinity for eFSH was not significant. In the present study, we characterized hormone-specific glycosylation of alphaL2 oligosaccharides in eLHalpha, eFSHalpha, and eCGalpha preparations. MALDI mass spectrometry revealed 28-57 structures, including high mannose, hybrid, bi-, and triantennary oligosaccharides. The same intact subunit preparations ...
Permeabilization of the plasma membrane of HepG2 cells subsequent to pulse-chase incubations has enabled us to evaluate the hypothesis that cytosolic-free oligosaccharides are sequestered into and degraded by lysosomes. Short chase incubations revealed that free oligosaccharides rapidly appear in the cytosol at a time during which there is a loss of these components from the MBCs (Fig. 1, A and B). This observation can be accounted for by the previously observed rapid translocation of large, free polymannose-type oligosaccharides out of the ER into the cytosol (Moore et al., 1995). At present it is unclear whether this ER-to-cytosol transport of free oligosaccharides is the sole mechanism responsible for the appearance of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol. Recently, it has been proposed that newly synthesized glycoproteins may be translocated out of the ER and degraded in this compartment (Wiertz et al., 1996) by the actions of a cytosolic N-glycanase (Kitajima et al., 1995; Suzuki et al., ...
Sialyllacto-N-neotetraose c is an oligosaccharide found in human breast milk. Two additional sialylated pentasaccharides include sialyllacto-N-tetraose-a and -b. Oligosaccharides containing N-acetyl (or N-glycolyl) neuraminic acid, i.e. sialylated oligosaccharides, are important components of glycoproteins and glycolipids. In nature, sialylated oligosaccharides often occur as homologous series, with incremental differences in composition, and as structural isomers with subtle differences in monosaccharide sequence and glycosyl linkage and, possibly, with presence or absence of molecular branching. A large number of such sialylated oligosaccharides occur in human milk, where they may have important biological functions. Major structural isomers of these acidic oligosaccharides in human milk are 3- and 6-sialyllactoses and the sialyllacto-N-tetraoses; appreciable amounts of 3- and 6-sialyllactosamines are found in human urine. (PMID:11471815 ). Oligosaccharides in human milk inhibit enteric ...
The Global Soybean Oligosaccharides report provides an elite resource to evaluate the Soybean Oligosaccharides market and support the strategic and preemptive decision-making. The report divulges the matter-of-fact statistics and in-detail examination of the market. It offers a basic layout of the Soybean Oligosaccharides industry, consisting of classifications, applications, definitions, and industry chain structure. It also encompasses a thorough inference of the market and embodies significant insights, facts, and industry-corroborated statistics of the global Soybean Oligosaccharides market.. Furthermore, the report also elaborates several factors concerning the Soybean Oligosaccharides market, comprising key trends, standardization, deployment models, future roadmap, strategies, technologies, value chain, opportunities, ecosystem player profiles, drivers, operator case studies, regulatory landscape, and challenges. Moreover, it also presents an outline regarding the Soybean Oligosaccharides ...
The structure of Chondroitin B Lyase Complexed with Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides Unravels a Calcium-Dependent Catalytic Machinery
N-linked glycosylation of proteins in eukaryotic cells follows a highly conserved pathway. The tetradecasaccharide substrate (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) is first assembled at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a dolichylpyrophosphate (Dol-PP)-linked intermediate, and then transferred to nascent polypeptide chains in the lumen of the ER. The assembly of the oligosaccharide starts on the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane with the synthesis of a Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol intermediate. This lipid-linked intermediate is then translocated across the membrane so that the oligosaccharides face the lumen of the ER, where the biosynthesis of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol continues to completion. The fully assembled oligosaccharide is transferred to selected asparagine residues of target proteins. The transmembrane movement of lipid-linked Man5GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide is of fundamental importance in this biosynthetic pathway, and similar processes involving phospholipids and glycolipids are essential in all types ...
Other leading players operating in the global polysaccharides and oligosaccharides market include Dupont, DSM, McComick, Novozyme, Chr Hansen, Wild Flavors, Symrise, IFF, Firmenich, Takasago, Senseint, and Glanbia Ingredients. Product innovations and new launches along with mergers & acquisitions are some of the key growth strategies adopted by polysaccharides and oligosaccharides market players.. Oligosaccharides to Gain Higher Traction with Rising Global Consumption. Although polysaccharides continue to lead the global market of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, the latter is expected to gain comparatively high traction, growing at a promising CAGR of 5.2% during 2017-2026. In 2018, worldwide sales of polysaccharides closed in on a valuation of nearly US$ 6.4 billion, and is projected to record a Y-o-Y growth of 4.6% in 2019.. Demand from Animal Feed Industry Continues to Surge. Growing adoption of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in animal feed products is creating lucrative ...
The binding of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on the surface of endothelial cells is crucial for the recruitment of neutrophils to an inflammatory site. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements yielded an IL-8 dimerization constant of 120 nM. The binding affinities, obtained by isothermal fluorescence titration, of size-defined heparin and HS oligosaccharides to the chemokine were found to depend on the oligomerization state of IL-8: high affinity was detected for monomeric and low affinity was detected for dimeric IL-8, referring to a self-regulatory mechanism for its chemoattractant effect. The highest affinity for monomeric IL-8 was detected for the HS octamer with a Kd , 5 nM whereas the dissociation constants of dimeric IL-8 were found in the medium micromolar range. No indication for increasing affinities for monomeric IL-8 with increasing oligosaccharide chain length was found. Instead, a periodic pattern was obtained for the dissociation constants of the GAG ...
We have previously described the structures of neutral and sialylated O-glycosidic mannose-linked tetrasaccharides and keratan sulphate polysaccharide chains in the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan of brain. The present paper provides information on a series of related sialylated and/or sulphated tri- to penta-saccharides released by alkaline-borohydride treatment of the proteoglycan glycopeptides. The oligosaccharides were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and their structural properties were studied by methylation analysis and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. Five fractions containing [35S]sulphate-labelled oligosaccharides were obtained by ion-exchange chromatography, each of which was eluted from Sephadex G-50 as two well-separated peaks. The apparent Mr values of both the large- and small-molecular-size fractions increased with increasing acidity (and sulphate labelling) of the oligosaccharides. The larger-molecular-size fractions contained short ...
The cyclic (1----2)-beta-D-glucans produced by species of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium resemble the membrane-derived oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli in their periplasmic localization, intermediate size, and (1----2)-beta-D-glucan backbones. The regulation of the biosynthesis of cyclic (1----2)-beta-D-glucan by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is now shown to parallel the osmotic regulation of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. This result suggests a general role for periplasmic oligosaccharides in the osmotic adaptation of Gram-negative bacteria as ecologically diverse as enteric and soil bacteria. ...
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) could promote the growth of bifidobacteria, improving young childrens health. In addition, fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulent activity against intestinal pathogens. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO), structurally similar to HMO, are found at high concentration in cow whey. This is particularly observed for 3′-sialyllactose (3′SL). This study focused on enzymes and transport systems involved in HMO/BMO metabolism contained in B. crudilactis and B. mongoliense genomes, two species from bovine milk origin. The ability of B. mongoliense to grow in media supplemented with whey or 3′SL was assessed. Next, the effects of cell-free spent media (CFSM) were tested against the virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Due to the presence of genes encoding β-galactosidases, β-hexosaminidases, α-sialidases and α-fucosidases, B.
The oligosaccharides ID in the library are used to refer to specific oligosaccharides for their tandem MS/MS fingerprints and structures and were obtained using their sequential monomeric composition. For example, the oligosaccharide with ID 11100 is made of 1 hexose + 1 HexNAc + 1 fucose + 0 NeuAc + 0 NeuGC.. ...
Pathogenic micro-organisms utilize protein receptors (lectins) in adhesion to host tissues, a process that in some cases relies on the interaction between lectins and human glycoconjugates. Oligosaccharide epitopes are recognized through their three-dimensional structure and their flexibility is a key issue in specificity. In this paper, we analysed by X-ray crystallography the structures of the LecB lectin from two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in complex with Lewis x oligosaccharide present on cell surfaces of human tissues. An unusual conformation of the glycan was observed in all binding sites with a non-canonical syn orientation of the N-acetyl group of N-acetyl-glucosamine. A PDB-wide search revealed that such an orientation occurs only in 4% of protein/carbohydrate complexes. Theoretical chemistry calculations showed that the observed conformation is unstable in solution but stabilised by the lectin. A reliable description of LecB/Lewis x complex by force field-based methods had ...
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation on glucose homeostasis. The search process was based on the selection of publications listed in the Pubmed-Medline database until April 2016 to identify studies evaluating the impact of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides or oligofructose on glucose homeostasis. Twenty-nine trials were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis was performed on twelve of these papers according to the inclusion criteria. Fasting blood concentrations of glucose and insulin were selected as pertinent criteria of glucose homeostasis for the meta-analysis. The consumption of fructo-oligosaccharides decreased fasting blood glycaemia levels, whatever the metabolic status (healthy, obese or diabetic) and diet (low-fat or high-fat) throughout the experiment. This reduction was linear with prebiotic dose (from 0 to 13% of the feed). Fasting insulinaemia also decreased linearly with fructo-oligosaccharide
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Oligosaccharide Population Analysis from SGS - effective oligosaccharide analysis to help you identify the overall population profile of glycans present in a glycoprotein. Learn more.
Oligosaccharide Population Analysis from SGS - effective oligosaccharide analysis to help you identify the overall population profile of glycans present in a glycoprotein. Learn more.
The heparin hexasaccharide MS standard 6 has been purified as one defined sequence and structure. It is not a mix of oligosaccharides. It is a heparin hexasaccharide with six sulfates attached to a repeating structure of α(1-4) linked Uronic Acid (UA) β(1-4) linked to N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or N-sulfylglucosamine (GlcNS). The exact structure of the heparin hexasaccharide MS standard 6 is ∆UA2S - GlcNS6S -UA- GlcNAc6S-IdoA - GlcNS6S. The uronic acid residue may be either glucuronic or iduronic acid. It has an exact mass of 1533.05 ...
Oligosaccharides vs Polysaccharides In subjects such as chemistry, biochemistry, and nutrition, one can vividly remember that oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are forms of sugar. The prefix attached to these words such as oligo means few while poly means plentiful. Oligosaccharides are called such because they contain a small amount of sugar components. They are mostly found […]
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are composed of longer chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic bonds. The distinction between the two is based upon the number of monosaccharide units present in the chain. Oligosaccharides typically contain between three and ten monosaccharide units, and polysaccharides contain greater than ten monosaccharide units. Definitions of how large a carbohydrate must be to fall into each category vary according to personal opinion. Examples of oligosaccharides include the disaccharides mentioned above, the trisaccharide raffinose and the tetrasaccharide stachyose.. Oligosaccharides are found as a common form of protein posttranslational modification. Such posttranslational modifications include the Lewis and ABO oligosaccharides responsible for blood group classifications and so of tissue incompatibilities, the alpha-Gal epitope responsible for hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation, and O-GlcNAc modifications.. Polysaccharides represent an ...
Figure 2: Adapted from: M.A. Boon et al.(2000) Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides: Product removal during a kinetically controlled reaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 70:411-420 In this project we are using an enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides as a model system. This model system has to be integrated with a highly specific separation of oligosaccharides, to show the increased conversion of substrate into product. In nature, lectins are common biocomplexants. In a sustainable process the biocomplexants have to be removed from the reaction mixture in order to regenerate the biocomplexant. Immobilization of the biocomplexant on magnetic beads is considered as an option. In this way the complex of biocomplexants and bound product can easily be picked out from the reaction mixture using only magnetic fields. The molecules can easily be transported for regeneration when the magnetic field is switched off (see figure 3). Extremes of pH, chaotropic salts, ionic strength and temperature shocks can ...
Info on benefits of fructooligosaccharides health supplement, diet, fructooligosaccharides supplement side effects, fructooligosaccharides dosage, health benefits and more.
This unit describes release of oligosaccharides that are attached to polypeptides through an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linkage to the hydroxyl groups of serine or threonine. The b-elimination procedures described here can be used to recover the oligosaccharide chains (also called glycans) and/or identify the serine or threonine residues involved in the linkage. A b-elimination method employing sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and alkaline conditions is described, and an alternative method is also presented in which only alkaline conditions are used without a reducing agent. Another alternative protocol uses sodium sulfite. ...
We have analyzed the O-antigen polysaccharide of the previously uncharacterized Escherichia coli strain TD2158 which is a host of bacteriophage HK620. This bacteriophage recognizes and cleaves the polysaccharide with its tailspike protein (TSP). The polysaccharide preparation as well as oligosaccharides obtained from HK620TSP endoglycosidase digests were analyzed with NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, sugar analysis was performed on the O-antigen polysaccharide and MALDI-TOF MS was used in oligosaccharide analysis. The present study revealed a heterogeneous polysaccharide with a hexasaccharide repeating unit of the following structure: alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -, 6) vertical bar vertical bar 2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 -, 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -, 4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 -, 3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc- (1 -,vertical bar beta-D-Glcp/beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 -, 3) A repeating unit with a D-GlcNAc substitution of D-Gal has been described earlier as characteristic for serogroup O18A1. Accordingly, we termed repeating units with D-Glc ...
US, Canadian, and Chinese chemists summarize recent research into the synthesis, principles, and applications of carbohydrates for graduate students and researchers in carbohydrate chemistry, biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and glycobiology. The topics include solid phase oligosaccharide synthesis, the chemical synthesis of bioactive steroidal saponins, the chemistry and biology of multi-valent saccharide displays, structures and mechanisms of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics, synthesizing glycosaminoglycans, glycosyltransferases in oligosaccharide synthesis, and metabolic substrate engineering as a tool for glycobiology Glycochemistry: Principles, Synthesis, and Applications presents methods used in the development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics. It highlights applications in chemical and enzymatic synthesis of complex carbohydrates, carbohydrate function, and carbohydrate-mediated biological recognition processes. There are practical examples on the development of carbohydrate-based ...
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Years of analysis indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called malignancy stem cells (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. with clinically aggressive ovarian and breast carcinomas11,12. Therefore, with this statement we use a lentiviral reporter create containing a reddish MSI-1436 lactate fluorescence protein (RFP) whose manifestation is controlled by a regulatory region, as a method to isolate putative ovarian CSCs. By definition, CSCs can both self-renew and differentiate, giving rise to all tumor cell types. Putative CSC populations need to be analyzed in practical assays performed method was offered by Brent Reynolds and Sam Weiss who firstly reported the so-called neurosphere assay like a surrogate assay evaluating stem potential in neural cells14. Dontu and colleagues later confirmed the use of this assay for evaluation of stem cell potential in breast ...
Human Anti-Meningococcal Group A Oligosaccharides IgG negative control serum Serum Controls 600-801-ANC Human Anti-Meningococcal Group A Oligosaccharides IgG negative control serum Serum Controls 600-801-ANC
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The biosynthesis of eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) that act as donor substrates in eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation starts on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and includes
Li B, Wu RY, Horne RG, Ahmed A, Lee D, Robinson SC, Zhu H, Lee C, Cadete M, Johnson-Henry KC, Landberg E, Alganabi M, Abrahamsson T, Delgado-Olguin P, Pierro A, Sherman PM. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect against Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Activating Intestinal Cell Differentiation. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020 11; 64(21):e2000519 ...
Several commercial enzymes were screened for chitosanolytic activity. The hydrolysis of different chitosans was followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC-ELSD), mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF), and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Neutrase 0.8L converted 10 g/L of various chitosans into mostly deacetylated oligosaccharides, yielding approximately 2.5 g/L of chitobiose, 4.5 g/L of chitotriose and 3 g/L of chitotetraose. In collaboration with the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (CSIC), the synthesized COS were tested in vitro for their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities, and compared with other functional ingredients, namely fructooligosaccharides ...
Gabel, C A.; Goldberg, D E.; and Kornfeld, S, Lysosomal enzyme oligosaccharide phosphorylation in mouse lymphoma cells: specificity and kinetics of binding to the mannose 6-phosphate receptor in vivo. (1982). Subject Strain Bibliography 1982. 1394 ...
Asparagine-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins in calf thymocyte plasma membrane. Isolation and fractionation of oligosaccharides liberated by hydrazinolysis.:Isolation and Fractionation of Oligosaccharides Liberated by Hydrazinolysis (1980 ...
An oligosaccharide is a small polymer that typically has three to ten individual sugar molecules. Most naturally occurring oligosaccharides can be found in
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase 48 kDa subunit ; Essential subunit of the N-oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex which catalyzes the transfer of a high mannose oligosaccharide from a lipid-linked oligosaccharide donor to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains (434 aa ...
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are both complex carbohydrates. Their building blocks are the dietary monosaccharides glucose, fructose and galactose,...
TY - CONF. T1 - Oxidation of hemicellulose derived oligosaccharides with carbohydrate oxidoreductases. AU - Karppi, Johanna. PY - 2018/7/8. Y1 - 2018/7/8. M3 - Poster. T2 - Oxizymes. Y2 - 8 July 2018 through 10 July 2018. ER - ...
Press release - Fact.MR - Global Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides Market Soaring Demand Assures Motivated Revenue Share during 2017-2026 / Novozyme, Takasago, Chr Hansen, Senseint, Wild Flavors, Symrise, Glanbia Ingredients, IFF, Tate & Lyle, Firemenich, McComick, ABF, DSM, Gi - published on openPR.com
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Andrew S.Weiskopf and Paul Vouros Northeastern University Boston MA David J. Harvey University of Oxford Oxford UK Protein Analysis The data presented here can be acquired using the Thermo Finnigan LCQ Series of ion trap mass spectrometers. Introducti,Characterization,of,Protein,Oligosaccharides,Using,MSn,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory technology,biology device technology,latest biology technology
View Notes - BiologicalMolecules160-page6 from BIO 151 at SUNY Stony Brook. Humans cannot digest oligosaccharides, but the bacteria in our intestines can. Their digestive by-products are often
Various biological effects have been reported for sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides, but the molecular mechanisms of action of their anti-inflammatory effects are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action. The results showed that pretreated low molecular weight sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides also suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), phosphorylation of JNK and translocation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, into the nucleus by inhibiting degradation of IκB-α. Our investigation suggests sulfated chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit IL-6/TNF-α in LPS-induced macrophages, regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways dependent on NF-κB activation.
BACKGROUND: The maternal environment and early life exposure affect immune development in offspring. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether development of food allergy in offspring is affected by supplementing pregnant or lactating sensitized or nonsensitized mice with a mixture of nondigestible oligosaccharides. METHODS: Dams were sensitized intragastrically with ovalbumin before mating, with ... read more use of cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. Nonsensitized dams received CT only. Dams were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with short-chain galacto oligosaccharides (scGOSs), long-chain fructo oligosaccharides (lcFOSs), and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOSs) in a ratio of 9:1:2 at a dose of 2% during pregnancy or lactation, resulting in 7 experimental groups. After weaning, offspring were fed a control diet and ovalbumin-CT sensitized. Acute allergic skin responses (ASRs), shock symptoms, body temperature, and specific plasma immunoglobulins were measured upon intradermal ...
Human Milk Oligosaccharides at the Interface of Maternal-Infant Health Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of structurally diverse, complex sugars abundant in breast milk.1 HMO concentrations in human milk often exceed the concentration of all human milk proteins combined (Table 1). HMO profiles can vary based on genetics and geographic location, and can change over the course of lactation.1,2 HMOs are resistant to low pH and intestinal enzymes and are found in the urine and feces of breastfed infants. The oligosaccharides currently added to infant formula are structurally distinct from HMOs; however, some brands are beginning to include certain HMOs in newer formulas. HMOs act as prebiotics by providing a metabolic substrate for the growth of potentially beneficial bacteria. Bacterial communities in infant feces are able to grow when HMOs are provided as the only source of carbohydrates. Differences in microbial growth were seen with pooled HMO exposure versus individual HMOs; different
Chitosan,Chitosan oligosaccharide,Edible Oligosaccharide,Agriculture Oligosaccharide,Oligosaccharide Liquid,Chitin oligosaccharide,Food grade chitosan,Industrial grade chitosan,Pharma. grade chitosan,Feed grade chitosan,High density chitosan,High MW
[118 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Asia-Pacific Human Milk Oligosaccharides Market by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2022 report by Global Info Research. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of structurally diverse...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of single or combined administration of resistant starch and chitosan oligosaccharides on insulin resistance in rats fed with a high-fat diet. AU - Wang, Junxuan. AU - Si, Xu. AU - Shang, Wenting. AU - Zhou, Zhong Kai. AU - Strappe, Padraig. AU - Blanchard, Christopher. N1 - Imported on 12 Apr 2017 - DigiTool details were: Journal title (773t) = Starch. ISSNs: 1521-379X; PY - 2017/7. Y1 - 2017/7. N2 - In this study, rats fed with a high-fat diet were treated with resistant starch (RS), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), and a combination of these complexes with the aim of determining their effect on controlling blood glucose levels and improving insulin resistance (IR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that an outer thin layer of film produced by COS covered the surface of RS granules and resulted in an increased particle size distribution. Cross-linking between RS and COS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. ...
This research investigated the effect of enzymatically digested low molecular weight (MW) chitosan oligosaccharide on type 2 diabetes prevention. Three different chitosan oligosaccharide samples with varying MW were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of rat small intestinal α-glucosidase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (GO2KA1; <1000 Da, GO2KA2; 1000-10,000 Da, GO2KA3; MW > 10,000 Da). The in vitro results showed that all tested samples had similar rat α-glucosidase inhibitory and porcine α-amylase inhibitory activity. Based on these observations, we decided to further investigate the effect of all three samples at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, on reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model after sucrose loading test. In the animal trial, all tested samples had postprandial blood glucose reduction effect, when compared to control, however GO2KA1 supplementation had the strongest effect. The glucose peak (Cmax) for GO2KA1 and control was 152 mg/dL and 193 mg/dL,
Heparin and heparan sulfate bind a host of basic proteins that take advantage of the sugars dense structural information. The significance of these interactions in various aspects of development, physiology, and disease stimulated keen interest in evaluating structure-activity relationships. The well-defined heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides needed for these studies can be mainly accessed by chemical synthesis and, more recently by chemoenzymatic means. The various synthetic strategies available to chemical synthesis have recently enabled the acquisition of several regular and irregular sequences, including a number of dodecasaccharides, through improved coupling methods and judicial protecting group manipulations. Controlled chain elongation and critical application of modification enzymes allowed the generation of well-defined constructs via chemoenzymatie synthesis. Investigations of various protein interactions with the synthetic constructs delivered valuable informatio
This study was carried out to investigate effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and/or beta-glucan addition into diets containing organic zinc on performance and biochemical profiles in broilers. One-day old broiler chicks (n=540) were assigned to six groups for six replicates (15 chicks for each). Chicks in control group were fed basal diet containing soybean meal and corn, and experimental groups were fed diets containing 1% organic zinc (Or center dot Zn) or 0.025% chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) or 0.050% beta-glucan (BG) or 1% Or center dot Zn plus 0.025% COS or 1% Or center dot Zn plus 0.050% BG during 42 days. There were no significant differences between groups for performance (body weight, daily body weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) during experimental period. Although, there were no differences between all groups for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, urea, insulin and glucose levels, statistical significances were determined between Or ...
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FructoOligoSaccharide FructoOligoSaccharide is sweeter than most sweeteners. Low FOS absorption and calories can help with weight control. Lower levels of any type of sweetener in the body, such as FructoOligoSaccharide 100 gms Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are short-chain polymers comprised of D-fructose and D-glucose,
TY - JOUR. T1 - Novel arabinan and galactan oligosaccharides from dicotyledonous plants. AU - Wefers, Daniel. AU - Tyl, Catrin E.. AU - Bunzel, Mirko. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Arabinans and galactans are neutral pectic side chains and an important part of the cell walls of dicotyledonous plants. To get a detailed insight into their fine structure, various oligosaccharides were isolated from quinoa, potato galactan, and sugar beet pulp after enzymatic treatment. LC-MS2 and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy were used for unambiguous structural characterization. It was demonstrated that arabinans contain β-(1→3)-linked arabinobiose as a side chain in quinoa seeds, while potato galactan was comprised of β-(1→4)-linked galactopyranoses which are interspersed with α-(1→4)-linked arabinopyranoses. Additionally, an oligosaccharide with two adjacent arabinofuranose units O2-substituted with two ferulic acid monomers was characterized. The isolated oligosaccharides gave further insight ...
NORDIN, JH and Kunkel, JG, SIZE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH MANNOSE OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF INSECT VITELLINS (1982). FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS. 316 ...
Chitosan oligosaccharides have been reported to inhibit various tumors. However, the water-soluble marine plant oligosaccharide alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) has only rarely been reported to have anti-cancer effects. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of AOS on prostate cancer and the underlying molec …
Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned specifically with the generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrate structures. This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as oligosaccharides. Generally speaking, carbohydrates can be classified into two groups, simple sugars and complex carbohydrates. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, are carbohydrates which can not be converted into smaller sugars by hydrolysis. When two or more monosaccharide units are connected to one another via a glycoside linkage, complex carbohydrates are formed. Complex carbohydrates, according to the different number of monosaccharide units, can be classed into three groups, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. A disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides. Oligosaccharides can be formed by a small number of monosaccharides linked together. Higher oligosaccharides are called polysaccharides. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Structural characterization of multibranched oligosaccharides from seal milk by a combination of off-line high-performance liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and sequential exoglycosidase digestion. AU - Kinoshita, Mitsuhiro. AU - Ohta, Hiroko. AU - Higaki, Kanata. AU - Kojima, Yoko. AU - Urashima, Tadasu. AU - Nakajima, Kazuki. AU - Suzuki, Minoru. AU - Kovacs, Kit M.. AU - Lydersen, Christian. AU - Hayakawa, Takao. AU - Kakehi, Kazuaki. PY - 2009/5/15. Y1 - 2009/5/15. N2 - A complex mixture of diverse oligosaccharides related to the carbohydrates in glycoconjugates involved in various biological events is found in animal milk/colostrum and has been challenging targets for separation and structural studies. In the current study, we isolated oligosaccharides having high molecular masses (MW ∼ 3800) from the milk samples of bearded and hooded seals and analyzed their structures by off-line ...
However, stringent government regulations to limit use of HMOs as infant food may restrict market growth in the coming years. In addition, high production cost involved in fermentation processes and use of complex technology can create obstruction in growth of this market. Moreover, high R&D cost coupled with lack of technical expertise can also impede market growth during the forecast period.. Nevertheless, focus on development of cost-effective production techniques by most manufacturing companies coupled with wide scope for improvement in HMOs are expected to create lucrative opportunities in the market.. The human milk oligosaccharides market is bifurcated on the basis of applications and regions. Based on applications, the market is segmented into functional food & beverages, infant formula, and food supplements. Based on region, the market is split into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and MEA.. View More Reports Of This Category By Grand View Research At: ...
The Global Industry Report Europe Human Milk Oligosaccharides Market by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application, Forecast to 2022 Market - by Manufacturers, States, Countries, Regions (Province), Type and Application, 2017 Forecast to 2022,Analysis, Regional Outlook, Share, Growth By Global Info Reports.
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The site-specific glycosylation of soluble recombinant variants of human and rat CD4 (sCD4) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been characterized. The presence of identical oligosaccharides at the conserved glycosylation site in domain 3 of rat and human sCD4 and the greater abundance of oligomannose and hybrid type glycans at the non-conserved glycosylation site of rat sCD4 clearly indicate that the protein structure influences oligosaccharide processing. Comparisons of rat sCD4 glycopeptides with mutant molecules with only single glycosylation sites and with a truncated form containing only the two NH2-terminal domains, indicate that independent processing occurs at each glycosylation site and that domain interactions can also affect oligosaccharide processing. These and other analyses of sCD2 expressed in CHO cells and Thy-1 purified from various tissues suggest that the diversity of oligosaccharide structures on a protein is regulated by the location of the glycosylation sites and
Chitosan Oligosaccharide Appearance: Yellow and light brown Odor: Sightly smell as acetic acid Molecular weight: less than 1500,less than 3000,less than5000 Degree of polymerization (DP): 2-10 Particle size: ≥100 mesh Moisture: ≤10% Residue on ignition :
We recently presented a model for site-specific protein N-glycosylation in Trypanosoma brucei whereby the TbSTT3A oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) first selectively transfers biantennary Man(5)GlcNAc(2) from the lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) donor Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol to N-glycosylation sequons in acidic to neutral peptide sequences and TbSTT3B selectively transfers triantennary Man(9)GlcNAc(2) to any remaining sequons. In this paper, we investigate the specificities of the two OSTs for their preferred LLO donors by glycotyping the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) synthesized by bloodstream-form T. brucei TbALG12 null mutants. The TbALG12 gene encodes the alpha 1-6-mannosyltransferase that converts Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol to Man(8)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol. The VSG synthesized by the TbALG12 null mutant in the presence and the absence of alpha-mannosidase inhibitors was characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry both intact and as pronase glycopetides. The results show that TbSTT3A is able to ...
Isomaltose oligosaccharides varying in size from two sugars, isomaltose (IM2), to seven sugars, isomaltohepatose (IM7), were coupled to stearylamine by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride. Each compound was purified by column chromatography to yield a series of glycolipids containing oligosaccharides differing in length. Stearyl-isomaltotriose to stearyl-IM7 could be incorporated into liposomes and could render them agglutinable by specific antibodies to alpha 1 leads to 6 dextran and could be lysed if complement was also added, whereas those containing stearyl-IM2 were not agglutinated or lysed, indicating that stearyl-IM2 may not be protruding from the liposome surface sufficiently to react with the antibody. Stearyl-isomaltosyl oligosaccharides by themselves or incorporated into liposomes were equally antigenic when emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant. They elicited pauciclonal responses, and the antibodies were alpha 1 leads to 6 specific, cross-reacted with dextran, and ...
Isomaltooligosaccharide, Fructo-Oligose,Xylo-Oligosaccharides,Oligo galactose,L- Fucose,Trehalose,Stevia,Stachyose,Chitosan oligosaccharide,Alginate oligosaccharide
Bioactive copper complexes with pullulan or dextran oligosaccharides are the subject of intensive research mainly because of their possible application in veterinary and human medicine. The thermal stability and stability under oxidative conditions of the Cu(II) complexes with reduced low-molar pullulan or dextran were investigated in this paper, using a conductometric method. The influence of ligand constitutions on the stability of the complexes was examined on the basis of ligand property. Forced degradation studies were performed on bulk sample of complexes by using heat (25, 40 and 60°C) and an oxidation agent (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0% v/v hydrogen peroxide). It can be concluded, according to the results obtained (by examining conductivity during the forced degradation studies), that Cu(II) complexes show a large pharmaceutical stability for both tests ...
Anthraquinone-lectin hybrids were effectively synthesized using water-soluble anthraquinone derivative with concanavalin A (ConA) and hygrophorus russula lectin (HRL) to give anthraquinone-ConA () and anthraquinone-HRL (17) hybrids, respectively. These anthraquinone-lectin hybrids effectively and selectively degraded oligosaccharides containing a mannose residue as a non-reducing terminal sugar, which has affinity for ConA and HRL, under photo-irradiation with long-wavelength UV light without additives and under neutral conditions. In addition, anthraquinone-HRL (17) selectively photo-degraded only Man(α1,6)Man, which has a high affinity for HRL, among several mannosides by recognition of both the type and glycosidic linkage profile of the sugar in an oligosaccharide. ...
Cereal α-amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) are typical secretory proteins found in many plants. In germinating cereal seeds, these enzyme molecules are biosynthesized and secreted from the secretory tissues, the scutellar epithelium and the aleurone, to the starchy endosperm, which has undergone programmed cell death. Numerous α-amylase isoforms have been identified in cereals, but the predominant α-amylase isoform I-1 (AmyI-1) in rice (Oryza sativa) is a unique glycoprotein that bears N-linked oligosaccharide side chains (Hayashi et al., 1990; Terashima et al., 1994). The biosynthesis and secretion of AmyI-1 have been extensively investigated: mRNA translation on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound ribosomes, signal sequence-dependent translocation of the ER, core glycosylation in the ER lumen, vesicular transport to the Golgi apparatus, oligosaccharide modification to the complex type, and exocytosis all proceed according to the canonical secretory mechanism (Palade, 1975; Blobel, 1980; Kornfeld ...
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.
Yos9 is an essential component of the endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation (ERAD) system that is responsible for removing terminally misfolded proteins from the ER lumen and mediating proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. Glycoproteins that fail to attain their native conformation in the ER expose a distinct oligosaccharide structure, a terminal α1,6-linked mannose residue, that is specifically recognized by the mannose 6-phoshate receptor homology (MRH) domain of Yos9. We have determined the structure of the MRH domain of Yos9 in its free form and complexed with 3α, 6α-mannopentaose. We show that binding is achieved by loops between β-strands performing an inward movement and that this movement also affects the entire β-barrel leading to a twist. These rearrangements may facilitate the processing of client proteins by downstream acting factors. In contrast, other oligosaccharides such as 2α-mannobiose bind weakly with only locally occurring chemical shift changes ...
Misfolded proteins are recognized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), transported back to the cytoplasm and degraded by the proteasome. Processing intermediates of N-linked oligosaccharides on incompletely folded glycoproteins have an important role in their folding/refolding, and also in their targeting to proteolytic degradation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have identified a gene coding for a non-essential protein that is homologous to mannosidase I (HTM1) and that is required for degradation of glycoproteins. Deletion of the HTM1 gene does not affect oligosaccharide trimming. However, deletion of HTM1 does reduce the rate of degradation of the mutant glycoproteins such as carboxypeptidase Y, ABC-transporter Pdr5-26p and oligosaccharyltransferase subunit Stt3-7p, but not of mutant Sec61-2p, a non-glycoprotein. Our results indicate that although Htm1p is not involved in processing of N-linked oligosaccharides, it is required for their proteolytic degradation. We propose that this mannosidase ...
Objective To explore the modulating function of isomalto oligosaccharide on intestinal mucosal immunity of aging model mice and its possible mechanisms.Method 48 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 group: young control group,aging model group,IMO group and IMOLCM group.After the aging models were made by injection of D-galactose,the IMO group was given IMO while IMOLCM group was given IMO and lincomycin.Each group were killed after 30 days.We detected the quantity of intestinal flora by the method of quantitative detection;the level of sIgA of intestinal mucous membrane by the method of radioimmunity;the expression of the IgA+ plasma cell in mice′s intestinal mucous membrane by the immunohistochemical method.Result(1) Dysbacteria could be observed in aging mice;The level of sIgA of intestinal mucous membrane,IgA+ plasma cell in aging model group were lower than the young control group′s;(2) Dysbacteria had improwed in IMO group;The level of sIgA of intestinal mucous membrane,the number of IgA+
The proposed role of oligosaccharides in seed longevity was derived from experiments performed on model systems (Levine and Slade, 1988; Koster, 1991; Wolkers et al., 1998a). Oligosaccharides are known to increase Tg and viscosity in model Suc glasses, and this increased viscosity is likely to slow down detrimental aging reactions. So far, most studies concerning the relationship between oligosaccharides and longevity in seeds have been based on correlative evidence (Horbowicz and Obendorf, 1994; Lin and Huang, 1994; Steadman et al., 1996 ; Sun and Leopold, 1997). The ratio of oligosaccharide to total sugar between 0 and 0.7 was found to correlate with longevity for several species (Sun and Leopold, 1997). In the present study, we found that the oligosaccharides disappeared and longevity decreased upon priming (compare Fig. 3 with Figs. 4 and 5); however, this correlation was not perfect. For example, primed bell pepper seeds survived longer than impatiens seeds under the same storage ...
CSIC has developed an enzymatic synthesis procedure of lactosil-fructosilated derivatives obtained from natural disaccharides. Lactosil-fructosilated derivatives are prebiotics potentially usable in healthy food compositions to prevent diseases of the gastrointestinal system. Looking for food or pharmaceutical companies to develop and produce the compound under patent license. An offer for Patent Licensing
The structures of hepta- to tetradeca-saccharides, generated by digestion of wheat-endosperm arabinoxylan with endo-(1-,4)-beta-D-xylanase, and isolated by gel-permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6 and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (h.p.a.e.-p.a.d.), were elucidated using monosaccharide and methylation analysis, f.a.b.-m.s., and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The structures identified had two branching elements, -,4)[alpha-L-Araf-(1-,3)]-beta-D-Xylp-(1-, ... read more and/or -,4)[alpha-L-Araf-(1-,2)][alpha-L-Araf-(1-,3)]-beta-D-Xylp-(1-,, directly connected to each other in all four possible combinations. The h.p.a.e.-p.a.d. elution pattern showed that these combinations are not present in equal amounts. Also, compounds containing two 2,3-branched beta-D-Xylp residues separated by one or two unbranched beta-D-Xylp residues were found, and the presence of a tetradecasaccharide containing three 2,3-branched beta-D-Xylp residues was established. show ...
Clinical observational studies with breastfed infants and interventional trials with formula fed infants in combination with basic research position HMOs as multifunctional innate breastmilk component. HMOs shape the establishing early life gut microbiota and supposedly help the development of appropriate immune competence. This is particular evident in situations of an early life dysbiotic microbiota such as seen upon C-section birth.
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1.B.15 The Raffinose Porin (RafY) Family. The RafY family consists of a single porin protein, RafY, encoded within the E. coli plasmid pRSD2. pRSD2 also encodes the permease and enzymes required for raffinose utilization. The gene order is: rafR (regulatory protein), rafA (α-galactosidase), rafB (permease), rafD (invertase) and rafY (porin). The RafY porin in the outer membrane of E. coli can accommodate many oligosaccharides including several disaccharides, the trisaccharide raffinose, the tetrasaccharides maltotetraose and stachyose, the hexasaccharide maltohexaose and the heptasaccharide maltoheptaose. Thus, RafY is a general porin capable of transporting many oligosaccharides and other molecules across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In this respect it resembles ScrY (TC #1.B.3.1.2), the sucrose porin, which also exhibits broad specificity, but not MalL (LamB) (TC #1.B.3.1.1), maltoporin which is largely specific for maltooligosaccharides. However, it has been shown to ...
The work in this thesis has been focused on two subjects. The first is the assembly of alginate oligosaccharides and the generation of building blocks for the enzymatic synthesis of alginate, and the second is the total synthesis of large fragments of the zwitterionic SP1 polysaccharide.
LONDON – Functional oligosaccharides are gradually substituting sucrose in the food industry from pole to pole. Still, the growth trajectory of the industry has not been smooth in China from 2014 to 2016. What occurred to the Chinese functional...
Health benefits of oligosaccharides stachyose and raffinose. These sugars have a strong probiotic effect, but are also responsible for flatulence
Sugar moieties on the cell surface play one of the most important roles in cellular recognition. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of these cellular phenomena, assessment of the structure...
Oligosaccharides derived from alkali-extracted sorghum glucuronoarabinoxylan by digestion with a combination of (1--|4)-beta-D-arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXH) and endo-(1--|4)-beta-D-xylanase (Xyl I), both from Aspergillus awamori, were purified by size-exclusion chromatography follo …
Two low-phytate soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) mutant lines- V99-5089 (mipsmutation on chromosome 11) and CX-1834 (mrp-landmrp-nmutations on chromosomes 19 and 3, respectively) have proven to be valuable resources for breeding of low-phytate, high-sucrose, and low-raffinosaccharide soybeans, traits that are highly desirable from a nutritional and environmental standpoint. A recombinant inbred population derived from the cross CX1834 x V99-5089 provides an opportunity to study the effect of different combinations of these three mutations on soybean phytate and oligosaccharides levels. Of the 173 recombinant inbred lines tested, 163 lines were homozygous for various combinations of MIPS and two MRP loci alleles. These individuals were grouped into eight genotypic classes based on the combination of SNP alleles at the three mutant loci. The two genotypic classes that were homozygousmrp-l/mrp-nand either homozygous wild-type or mutant at themipslocus (MIPS/mrp-l/mrp-normips/mrp-l/mrp-n) displayed ...