Aim: To determine the correlation between Ocular axial length (AL) and body mass index (BMI) in a black population.. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in Port Harcourt City LGA, Nigeria. Subjects were selected using multistage random sampling with inclusion criteria of Visual Acuity , 6/18, age greater than 18 years with no history of past ocular surgeries or trauma. Socio demographic data was obtained through an interviewer based structured proforma. Data obtained included age, sex, tribe, occupation and level of education. Weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured using a standard height and weight automated scale (SECA 769,220). Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Axial length (AL) was measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data obtained from one eye of the subjects were analyzed using SPSS (Version 17), and p value was set at ≤ 0.05.. Results: Four hundred ...

article{1b02e879-41a5-4cd0-99a2-8efc8c0a4125, abstract = {Voltage-activated potassium channels (Kv channels) in the microvillar photoreceptors of arthropods are responsible for repolarization and regulation of photoreceptor signaling bandwidth. On the basis of analyzing Kv channels in dipteran flies, it was suggested that diurnal, rapidly flying insects predominantly express sustained K+ conductances, whereas crepuscular and nocturnally active animals exhibit strongly inactivating Kv conductances. The latter was suggested to function for minimizing cellular energy consumption. In this study we further explore the evolutionary adaptations of the photoreceptor channelome to visual ecology and behavior by comparing K+ conductances in 15 phylogenetically diverse insects, using patch-clamp recordings from dissociated ommatidia. We show that rapid diurnal flyers such as the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) and the honeybee (Apis mellifera) express relatively large noninactivating Kv conductances, ...

A new framework for simulating the visual attention system in primates is introduced. The proposed architecture is an abstraction of existing approaches influenced by the work of Koch and Ullman, and Tompa. Each stage of the attentional hierarchy is chosen with consideration for both psychophysics and mathematical optimality. A set of attentional operators are derived that act on basic image channels of intensity, hue and orientation to produce maps representing perceptual importance of each image pixel. The development of such operators is realized within the context of a genetic optimization. The model includes the notion of an information domain where feature maps are transformed to a domain that more closely corresponds to the human visual system. A careful analysis of various issues including feature extraction, density estimation and data fusion is presented within the context of the visual attention problem ...

Bees and wasps learn the position of their nests during visually guided orientation flights. The stored information allows the bees to find their way home after foraging trips. We study the behaviour and ecology of diurnal and nocturnal bees and wasps, with the goal to understand how spatial and temporal resolution, colour vision and the absolute sensitivity are adapted to their diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles ...

Birds rely on eyes with high acuity and brilliant colour vision for most of their behaviours, including foraging, mate choice and flight control. Birds are tetrachromats, seeing the world in even more sparkling colours than humans. In addition, their eyes have a number of pecularities the functions och which are not fully understood, such as double cones, coloured oil droplets in all cones types, the pecten and multifocal lenses.

There are many causes for poor eyesight: usually its attributed to a change in eyeball shape. In the nearsighted eye the eyeball is too long and light has difficulty reaching the retina. In the farsighted eye the opposite is true. The eyeball is too short and light has difficulty focusing on the retina ...

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We constructed a 3D coordinate system for each eye by determining the long, horizontal and vertical axes (Fig. 1). We fitted the eye shape using two spheres: one modeled on the corneal region and the other modeled on the vitreous humor. One sphere encompassed the whole of the corneal region and the other encompassed the whole of the vitreous chamber. We employed the least-square optimization method to fit the eyeball shape using these two spheres. The geometric center of the eye was then represented by the center of the sphere containing the vitreous humor. The long axis of the eyeball was defined as the line passing through the centers of the aforementioned two fitted spheres. The length, width, and height were measured automatically by the software. The traditional AL was computed as the distance between the most anterior and posterior points of the long axis, representing the length from the posterior corneal surface to the retinal surface. The vertical axis was then determined as the cross ...

This thesis investigated the emotional processing of photographic stimuli. The startle blink reflex was used to index emotional processing, in line with a model predicting that this reflex should be larger in magnitude when elicited during negative emotional processing, and smaller in magnitude during positive processing, relative to reflexes during emotionally neutral material. The studies were based on a discrepancy between phobic and non-phobic individuals for startle elicited shortly after picture onset. In Study 1, participants rated the emotional characteristics of photographic stimuli. These ratings were used to select pictures for subsequent experiments. Study 2 tested whether early emotional startle modification was specific to phobic/high-fear participants by measuring blink reflexes in an unselected sample during emotionally positive pictures, neutral pictures, and two types of threatening pictures - threatening animal pictures, similar to those used for phobic participants, and ...

Dr. Amudha J. currently serves as Chairperson, Department of Computer Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru. Her areas of research include Image Processing, Computer Vision, Soft Computing, Computational visual attention system, Cognitive Vision, Pattern Recognition, Attention allocation in various fields & marketing, robotics etc .

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an acute optic neuropathy occurring predominantly in small optic nerve heads in elderly patients.1-3 It has been debated which factors, other than old age and a small optic disc size, predispose to the disease. Data on the prevalence of NAION in the general population has so far been scarce.4,5 They have been completely missing for the Chinese. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of optic nerve damage with the features of a preceding NAION in the Beijing Eye Study.. The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based cohort study in Northern China.6 The Medical Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tongren Hospital approved the study protocol and all participants gave their informed consent, according to the ...

Purpose: : To evaluate the characteristics of early age-related maculopathy (ARM) in adult Chinese living in rural or urban regions of mainland China. Methods: : The Beijing Eye Study is a population based prevalence study, which included 4439 out of 5324 subjects from a rural area and an urban region of greater Beijing, aged 40 years or older. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including fundus photography. All fundus photographs were graded by the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Results: : Fundus photographs were available for 4376 (98.6%) subjects. Drusen was present in 15.3% of the subjects, while soft drusen in 6.47%. A marked age-related increase in soft drusen was observed (p=0.001), as the prevalence of soft drusen was 2.63% among people aged between 40-49 years, 5.72% among people aged between 50-59years, 9.30% among people aged between 60-69years, and 12.22% among people aged 70 years and older. Hypopigmentation was present in 13.28% of the ...

This psychophysiological study is the first to examine the relationship between emotional tears and emotional piloerection (i.e., goosebumps). Although both phenomena have been related to peak states of being moved, details about their temporal occurrence and the associated levels of physiological arousal have remained unknown. In our study, we used emotionally powerful film scenes that were self-selected by participants. Our findings show that even within peak moments of emotional arousal, a gradation of intensity is possible. The overlap of tears and goosebumps signifies a maximal climax within peak moments. On the side of the stimulus, we found that displays of prosocial behavior play a crucial role in the elicitation of tears and goosebumps. Finally, based on the results of a formal film analysis of the tears-eliciting clips provided by our participants, as compared to randomly extracted, equally long control clips from the same films, we show how the technical and artistic making of the clips was

The relative abundance and topographical distribution of retinal cone photoreceptors was measured in 19 bird species to identify possible correlations between photoreceptor complement and visual ecolo

Dr. Karen London, in a reprinted article in Bark Magazine, raised some interesting questions about the meaning of different patterns of raised hackles, or piloerection, in dogs. First off, note that many people associate piloerection with aggression, well illustrated in my search for photos of dogs with raised hackles in a commercial photo site: All […] The post Piloerection in Dogs: Scared, or Just Glad to See Me? appeared first on The Other End of the [...] ...

eyeball cross section typically be a position we and relatives athome assemble together. eyeball cross section. eyeball cross section #1 Human Eye Cross Section. Additionally, sometimes lots of actions performed within the two bedrooms. For that individuals require superior light so the environment becomes pleasurable and hotter.

WebStockReview provides you with 11 free eyeball clipart purple. Photo enthusiasts have uploaded eyeball clipart purple for free download here!

Guys, while I fully understand your eagerness to find out more about your specific realms and the schedule, please know that were sharing this information the moment we receive it. Many of the questions I see here are covered in the FAQ in the first post (namely, My realm needs connecting, is it on your list?). By filling the thread with questions like this, youre making it take longer for us to reply to the questions and feedback we can respond to ...

In this world of powerful, always-on connectivity, with constant RSS streams of media battling for our eyeballs, with content moving off the television and

Wrasses represent the second largest family of marine fishes and display a high diversity of complex colours linked to ecological functions. Recently, red autofluorescent body colouration has been reported in some of these fishes. However, little is known about the distribution of such fluorescent body patterns in wrasses or the animals ability to perceive such colours. Against this background, we (1) investigated long-wavelength emission autofluorescence in thirteen species of pseudocheilinid wrasses and (2) characterised the spectral absorbance of visual pigments in one of the examined species, the fairy wrasse Cirrhilabrus solorensis. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that fluorescent body colouration is widespread and diverse within this clade, with considerable variation in both fluorescent pattern and maximum emission wavelength between species. Characterisation of visual pigments in retinal photoreceptors showed a single class of rod and three spectrally distinct cone photoreceptors,

Can chromatic aberration enable color vision in natural environments?. Gagnon, Yakir Luc, Osorio, Daniel C., Wardill, Trevor J., Marshall, N. Justin, Chung, Wen-Sung and Temple, Shelby E. (2016) Can chromatic aberration enable color vision in natural environments?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 45: E6908-E6909. doi:10.1073/pnas.1612239113. Coral reef fish perceive lightness illusions. Simpson, Elisha E., Marshall, N. Justin and Cheney, Karen L. (2016) Coral reef fish perceive lightness illusions.Scientific Reports, 6 35335.1-35335.5. doi:10.1038/srep35335. Comparative visual ecology of cephalopods from different habitats. Chung, Wen-Sung and Marshall, N. Justin (2016) Comparative visual ecology of cephalopods from different habitats.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283 1838: . doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1346. Colour thresholds in a coral reef fish. Champ, C. M., Vorobyev, M. and Marshall, N. J. (2016) Colour thresholds in ...

New Information: On 11 February 2017 a dark morph Northern Fulmar was seen and photographed approximately 17 km from Valparaiso, V Region, Chile (Marín et al. 2017). The photos are clear and diagnostic, and show a brownish colored individual, with some photos alongside typical species of the Chilean pelagic realm, such as Wilsons Storm-Petrel and Salvins Albatross. The size, relative to birds it was photographed with, overall structure with bull necked look, relatively stocky nature and not particularly long wins, as well as the bulky pale bill with prominent nasal tubes clarify that it is a fulmar, not a dark shearwater, Pterodroma or Procellaria. A melanistic or oddly plumaged Southern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialoides) can be excluded by the bulkier structure of this bird, as well as bill color. The Chilean bird shows a yellow toned bill with an orange-toned bill tip, unlike the pinkish orange bill with dark tip of Southern Fulmar. The fact that the Chilean bird was a dark morph, as well as ...

The focus will be on the pelagic realm as groups of pelagic organisms (e.g. phyto-, zooplankton and small pelagic fishes) react rapidly and often dramatically to external drivers and play an important role as sentinels of ecosystem change. Whereas earlier studies usually focused on changes occurring only during the previous 30 years (1970-2000), ECODRIVE emphasizes a wider time window that includes two warm water periods (1930-1960 and the recent one) that exhibit many similarities such as the occurrence of warm water species in the North Sea. ECODRIVE employs regionally downscaled environmental forcing from global climate models to help project future scenarios of the ecosystem structure of the North Sea ...

The deep sea is an ambiguous term.If you are talking about demersal habitats, the edge of the continental shelf is usually taken as the upper boudary(=~ 200m) with the Bathyal Zone extending down to 2000m. The Bathyal can be further divided into upper(,1000m) and lower( , 1000m).Below 2000m, you have the Abyssal, which again has been arbitrarily divided into upper(2-3000m)and lower(,3000m).Habitats in the deep-sea trenches are in the Hadal Zone. In the Pelagic Realm,using the 200m isobath as the usual dividing point between coastal and oceanic water masses, you have the Epipelagic Zone which corresponds to the euphotic zone(the area of active photosynthesis) whch extends from the surface to 50-200m depending on productivity and water clarity. Then the Mesopelagic from the bottom of the Epipelagic to 1000m, the the Bathypelagic from 1000m to within tens of meters of the bottom wherein the Benthopelagic Zone is located. Brad Buran wrote: , Dear colleagues, , , I am currently preparing a ...

Well conducted key studies, undertaken to OECD guidelines, are available for the acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity of farnesene. Oral: There were no deaths during the study and the oral LD50 in the rat for trans-ß-farnesene, is greater than 5000 mg/kg of body weight. Inhalation: There were no deaths following inhalation exposure of rats to farnesene aerosol at a concentration of 2060 mg/m3. Instances of piloerection, wetness of the anogenital area, closed eyes, ocular lacrimation/crust formation and coating of the fur with test article were noted during the exposure. Chromorhinorrhea, piloerection, wetness of the anogenital area, soiling of the anogtenital area, few faeces, coating of the fur with test article and localized alopecia were noted during the remainder of the study. Body weight changes were normal in 6/10 animals. Instances of weight loss were noted in four females. Necropsy results were normal in 9/10 animals. Localized alopecia was noted in one female. The inhalation LC50 ...

Frisson (French for shiver) is a sensation somewhat like shivering, usually caused by stimuli other than cold. It is typically expressed as an overwhelming emotional response combined with piloerection (goosebumps). Stimuli that produce a response are specific to the individual. Frisson is of short duration, usually no more than 4-5 seconds, usually pleasurable. Typical stimuli include loud passages of music and passages that violate some level of musical expectation. It has been shown that during frisson, the skin of the lower back flexes, and shivers rise upward and inward from the shoulders, up the neck, and may extend to the cheeks and scalp. The face may become flush, hair follicles experience piloerection. This frequently occurs in a series of waves moving up the back in rapid succession. The frissoner usually feels the experience as involuntary. It has been shown that some experiencing musical frisson report reduced excitement when under administration of naloxone (an opioid receptor ...

The understanding of ecosystem dynamics in deep-sea areas is to date limited by technical constraints on sampling repetition. We have elaborated a morphometry-based protocol for automated video-image analysis where animal movement tracking (by frame subtraction) is accompanied by species identification from animals outlines by Fourier Descriptors and Standard K-Nearest Neighbours methods. One-week footage from a permanent video-station located at 1,100 m depth in Sagami Bay (Central Japan) was analysed. Out of 150,000 frames (1 per 4 s), a subset of 10.000 was analyzed by a trained operator to increase the efficiency of the automated procedure. Error estimation of the automated and trained operator procedure was computed as a measure of protocol performance. Three displacing species were identified as the most recurrent: Zoarcid fishes (eelpouts), red crabs (Paralomis multispina), and snails (Buccinum soyomaruae). Species identification with KNN thresholding produced better results in automated motion

4,4-Isopropylidenediphenol, propoxylated (BPA+2PO)was administered by daily oral gavage to male and female Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. Males were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination (for 29 days). The females were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during post-coitum, and at least 4 days of lactation (for 43-54 days). Formulation analysis showed that the formulations were prepared accurately, were homogenous, and were stable for at least 6 hours at room temperature. Parental results: Treatment related toxicity was evident at 250 and 500 mg/kg including mortality (3 animals at 250 mg/kg and 10 animals at 500 mg/kg), clinical signs (hunched posture, salivation, piloerection and lethargy, among others), changes in body weights, food consumption, haematology and clinical biochemistry parameters, and organ weight and organ to body weight ratios. Macroscopic and microscopic findings in the heart, stomach, brain, ...

eyeball cake pops - People always say You eat with your eyes first, so start the feast with some googly eyeball cake pops! These edible eyeballs come in...

Are you an avid crossword solver but get a little stumped every now and then? Well youve reached the right place! Here we will help you find the answer to the clue Eyeball covering from Universal crossword. Once weve looked for any additional hints from inside the Universal crossword puzzle and gathered any other information that can help us find the answer to the clue Eyeball covering, we can finally conclude that the possible answers for the clue Eyeball covering are: ...

eyeball light - If you like your fixtures as quirky as they come, this eyeball light would look great in your home. This fixture will creep out your parents and qu...

Your eyeballs are a lot like fluid-filled balloons wearing three coats or tunics. Structures within these tunics allow you to see colors, focus on...

From BioPortfolio: MALVERN, PA -- (Marketwired) -- 02/28/17 -- Realm Therapeutics (AIM: RLM) Realm Therapeutics plc ("Realm Therapeutics", "Realm" or the "...

Patch 4.0.1 now on Test Realms Patch 4.0.1 is now available on test realms (=not beta, the regular test realms). People who arent in the Cataclysm beta yet can now test most of the Cataclysm features, aside from anything requiring leveling. US PTR Website EU PTR Website This is basically the exact same build as Cataclysm Beta, just without all the Cataclysm-only stuff.

Patch 4.0.1 now on Test Realms Patch 4.0.1 is now available on test realms (=not beta, the regular test realms). People who arent in the Cataclysm beta yet can now test most of the Cataclysm features, aside from anything requiring leveling. US PTR Website EU PTR Website This is basically the exact same build as Cataclysm Beta, just without all the Cataclysm-only stuff.

Today in Lab we (well, the pretty girl Deana that likes to do the dissections) cut open a cows eyeball. It was a tie between what was worse...the smell or looking at the actual eyeball. The inside of the eye was cool and interesting and I am GLAD that I did not have to touch…

This one is actually in our neighborhood, just north of where we live on a parallel street, at the base of a mountain that is really one of the foothills of Bukhansan. As I have developed a more complete understanding of the bus system (which is entirely in Korean, unlike the subway, so a bit mysterious), I have a new appreciation ...

This one is actually in our neighborhood, just north of where we live on a parallel street, at the base of a mountain that is really one of the foothills of Bukhansan. As I have developed a more complete understanding of the bus system (which is entirely in Korean, unlike the subway, so a bit mysterious), I have a new appreciation ...

Lords of the Realm for DOS, Amiga, Windows. Review by useless: An excellent medieval strategy, marred slightly by tedious micromanagement

I saw data filled in completely when I first posted and still see data in all the columns, but the headers still dont sort. Im not sure why you arent seeing any data for any of the realms. Is there an ETA for when the sorting will be available again ...

Perceiving Light - How exactly is light perceived by your eyes? Find out what happens when light rays make contact with your eyeball.

Is a picture worth a thousand biomarkers? MouseAGE, the AI that wants to eyeball the age of rodents, thinks so. Dr. Craig Thomspon talks cancer metabo.... ...

Is a picture worth a thousand biomarkers? MouseAGE, the AI that wants to eyeball the age of rodents, thinks so. Dr. Craig Thomspon talks cancer metabo.... ...

Organismal Biology and Behavior. Research Categories: Marine Visual Ecology Research Description: My primary interest is what camouflage can tell us about non-human visual perception. Cephalopods offer a unique insight into this, because in very simple terms they tell us what they perceive in their visual environment by the body patterns they produce for camouflage. More generally, Im excited about visual communication (signalling) and camouflage (non-signalling), particularly in the marine environment (http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/12935963). My research here in the Johnsen Lab gives me access to awesome facilities such as the Sub-Sea Holodeck, built by collaborators from the Jaffe Lab at Scripps (http://jaffeweb.ucsd.edu/index.php/v/researchphotos/Holodeck/holodeck_timelapse.flv.html?q=gallery), and the opportunity to extend my interests into the deep-sea by taking part in research cruises (http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15654086). My research integrates the fields of psychology, animal behavior ...

Planarians are clearly visible to the human eye when they are longer then 1 mm and a microscope is not required during water changes and feedings. When overall health, pigmentation, behavior, and regeneration are analyzed, a higher resolution is recommended. A lens magnification or a dissecting microscope together with a camera allows the observation and the documentation of the results. A smartphone works as well if it is used properly as showed in the video Turn your smartphone in a digital microscope! (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpMTkr_aiYU).. If you are using a dissecting microscope, the light should come from above the samples; the background can be white (for looking at dark worms like P. gracilis or at the eye regeneration) or black (for looking at white worms like P. morgani or at the blastema formation and regeneration of new tissues). The working magnification is usually about 10x.. When the sample consists of living planarians, a movie can be recorded to show the movement and ...

The presented paper reports the continuation of research on the linear model of human eyeball. We use the physically linear eye model, also presented in the paper by Srodka et al.), but we introduce a new element to this model- passive non-accommodating eye lens. We look for such conditions, that placed upon geometry and material parameters of the eyeball, would enable the model to show optical self-adjustment effect. The Finite Element Method was used to model the eyeball tissue by means of physically linear materials. The current paper also investigates limitations imposed on boundary conditions, as well as geometrical and material parameters of model, by postulated requirement of eyeball models the optical self-adjustment effect. Subsequently, the results of investigations carried out on the model with and without eye lens are compared ...

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Scientists at the University of Southern California have developed a temperature-sensitive gel for plugging wounds in injured eyeballs.

I am short-sighted and have been using glasses for a very long time. For the past few years, I am having pain in my left eyeball and at times in the eye-socket. I work on computers at work and do ta...

An Ottawa woman is facing the prospect of vision loss. Whats going to happen when these dyes migrate to different parts of the eyeball?

Its important to note that the Brawlers Guild only uses realm coalescing when the number of participants is really low, so a lot of people are seeing people from other realms due to the fact that there havent been many invitations to join distributed yet. Its highly likely the area will cease to activate CRZ on most realms as participation increases. Having 100+ people in the queue doesnt create a good experience, but, from our perspective, neither does having only a small handful of people ...

In the build up to preparing for Cataclysms release myself and a few guildies chatted about the possibilities of going for a realm first achievement. A few of us planned on gaining profession achievements, however I dont think anyone was mad enough to get realm first level 85, or the class achiev...

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This exceptionally detailed, 4.5 model contains 32 detachable, hand-painted medical education-quality parts, includes a display stand.