To study the molecular basis of virulence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), we used a cross-reactive neutralizing MAb to select MAb-resistant (MAR) mutants with reduced pathogenicity for fish. From sequence determination of the G gene of MAR mutants, attenuated laboratory variant and avirulent field strains, we identified two distant regions of the glycoprotein associated with virulence: region I (aa 135-161), homologous to the putative fusion peptide of both rabies virus (RV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and region II (surrounding aa 431-433), homologous to RV and VSV domains controlling the conformational changes necessary for the fusion process to take place. Simultaneous mutations in both regions resulted in the most attenuated phenotype and we obtained genetic evidence that regions I and II may be structurally linked. As the MAR mutants had mutations in or near domains involved in fusion, the fusion properties of VHSV and its variants were analysed. This work allowed us to

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a systemic infection of various salmonid and a few nonsalmonid fishes, is caused by a rhabdovirus designated as the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (Office International des Epizooties 1963). The virus infection occurs in salmonids and certain other fishes of any age and may result in significant cumulative mortality. Fish that survive may become carriers. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia has been reported under various names, of which Egtved disease and Infektiose Nierenschwellung und Leberdegeneration are the best known. The viral etiology of the disease was established by Jensen (1965), and several serotypes of the virus (also known as Egtved virus) are currently recognized. Comprehensive reviews of the disease and the virus have been published by de Kinkelin (1983), McAllister (1979), Pilcher and Fryer (1980), Roberts (1978), and Wolf (1988).

Detached leeches were tentatively identified as M. lugubris in the field and were stored in one liter bottles containing lake water. Overall, 456 leeches were removed and divided into 91 pools of ~five leeches. Leeches remained alive until returned to the laboratory, where their identity was confirmed as M. lugubris according to the accepted morphological criteria [9, 10]. Each leech was briefly immersed into absolute ethanol for surface disinfection, rinsed several times in sterile water, and then sectioned into ~100 μg pieces. Samples were homogenized using a Biomaster Stomacher (Wolf Laboratories Ltd, Pocklington, York, UK) at the high speed setting for 2 min and then diluted with Earles salt-based minimal essential medium (MEM, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) to produce a 1:4 dilution (w/v) of original tissues. Homogenized leech contents were removed with a sterile transfer pipette, dispensed into a sterile 15 ml centrifuge tube, and centrifuged at 5500 rcf for 20 min in the IEC Multi RF ...

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia disease (VHSV) infects a wide range of marine fish species. and has caused disease outbreaks in farmed Atlantic salmon in British Columbia, Canada [12]. It is still debated to what extent VHSV play a role in stock and population variations of Pacific herring ([13], reviewed in [14]). Over the past decade VHSV genotype IVb has become an emerging problem in the Great Lakes region in North America causing high mortality in several wild fish species [13], [15]C[18]. Subtype IVc has been isolated from brackish fishes during mortality events in Atlantic coastal regions of North America including mummichog and brown trout collected during cruise one at location Revsbotn in Finnmark county (Figure 1). Full CPE was observed within 2 weeks of incubation, and VHSV was confirmed in the culture supernatant by rRT-PCR (Tables 1, ?,2).2). No CPE was observed in the other virus cultures. Body organ swimming pools later on found out VHSV positive by rRT-PCR were sub-cultivated with ...

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Investigation of VHSV - infection models with serological methods, 978-3-8381-1463-7, The viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a well known disease of salmonid fish and causes great economical losses, especially in rainbow trout farms. To date, only the detection of the augmentable virus count as a positive result for the presence of the disease. However, for the observation of VHS serological methods as indirect verification would be more advantageous. For a long time serological methods are well established for the indirect detection of viral diseases in mammals. Concerning fish, only few serological tests are described to detect VHS. For the validation of serological tests for the detection of VHSV, sufficient comparative data sets about the specificity and sensitivity are still lacking to date, as well as reproducible models for the infection of trout with the virus. Therefore, the aims of the presented work were a comparative study of a) several approaches to infect rainbow trout with VHSV and b)

TY - JOUR. T1 - European freshwater VHSV genotype Ia isolates divide into two distinct subpopulations. AU - Kahns, Søren. AU - Skall, Helle Frank. AU - Kaas, Rolf Sommer. AU - Korsholm, H.. AU - Jensen, Ann Britt Bang. AU - Jonstrup, Søren Peter. AU - Dodge, M. J.. AU - Einer-Jensen, Katja. AU - Stone, D.. AU - Olesen, Niels Jørgen. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), caused by the novirhabdovirus VHSV, often leads to significant economic losses to European rainbow trout production. The virus isolates are divided into 4 distinct genotypes with additional subgroups including sublineage Ia, isolates of which are the main source of outbreaks in European rainbow trout farming. A significant portion of Danish rainbow trout farms have been considered endemically infected with VHSV since the first disease outbreak was observed in the 1950s. However, following a series of sanitary programs starting in 1965, VHSV has not been detected in Denmark since January 2009. ...

The viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) comprises 4 major genotypes and a number of subtypes with, in most cases, distinct geographical distribution. A quick and simple detection method that can discriminate the different genotypes is desirable for a quick and more efficient prevention of the spread of genotypes to new geographical CX-6258 areas. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against VHSV genotype IVa was produced, with the aim of providing a simple method of discriminating this genotype from the other VHSV genotypes (I, II, III and IVb). Balb/c mice were injected with purified VHSV-JF00Ehil (genotype IVa) from, diseased farmed Japanese flounder. Ten hybridoma clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against VHSV were established. One of these, MAb VHS-10, reacted only with genotype IVa in indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and ELISA. Using cell cultures that were transfected with each of the viral protein genes, it was shown that the MAb VHS-10 recognizes a nonlinear ...

ABSTRACT: The viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) comprises 4 major genotypes and a number of subtypes with, in most cases, distinct geographical distribution. A quick and simple detection method that can discriminate the different genotypes is desirable for a quick and more efficient prevention of the spread of genotypes to new geographical areas. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against VHSV genotype IVa was produced, with the aim of providing a simple method of discriminating this genotype from the other VHSV genotypes (I, II, III and IVb). Balb/c mice were injected with purified VHSV-JF00Ehil (genotype IVa) from diseased farmed Japanese flounder. Ten hybridoma clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against VHSV were established. One of these, MAb VHS-10, reacted only with genotype IVa in indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and ELISA. Using cell cultures that were transfected with each of the viral protein genes, it was shown that the MAb VHS-10 recognizes a nonlinear ...

During fish disease surveys for marine rhabdoviruses in 1993 and 1995, the cod ulcus syndrome was seen widely in all ages of cod, especially the 2 to 5+ year classes. Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) was isolated from a small proportion of the lesion-positive fish and these isolates were identified by immunofluorescence or ELISA. A serendipitous observation of dermal petechiae on haddock was made. VHSV was isolated from this lesion for the first time indicating a new host species for VHSV ...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from cultured turbot fry and broodstock samples in the Trabzon coastal area of the Black Sea, Turkey in 2004. The virus was isolated in EPC and RTG-2 cell lines and identified by immunoperoxidase test, immunofluorescence test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results of applied immunological identification tests confirmed each other. This is the first report on the isolation of VHSV from cultured turbot in Turkey ...

Gene knock down by the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is widely used as a method for reducing the expression of specific genes in eukaryotic cells via the RNA interference pathway. But, the effectivity of siRNA induced gene knock down in cells from fish has in several studies been questioned and the specificity seems to be a general problem in cells originating from both lower and higher vertebrates. Here we show that we are able to reduce the level of viral gene expression and replication specifically in fish cells in vitro. We do so by using 27/25-mer DsiRNAs acting as substrates for dicer for the generation of siRNAs targeting the nucleoprotein N gene of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). This rhabdovirus infects salmonid fish and is responsible for large yearly losses in aquaculture production. Specificity of the DsiRNA is assured in two ways: first, by using the conventional method of testing a control DsiRNA which should not target the gene of interest. Second, by assuring ...

In 2013, Tony Goldberg, a UW-Madison professor of epidemiology, and Kathy Toohey-Kurth, a virologist at the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, used funding from Wisconsin Sea Grant to lead a team that created a quick and accurate test for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a deadly disease that attacks the internal organs of fish, leading to bloody and large-scale fish kills. Over the past year-again with support from Wisconsin Sea Grant--Goldberg and his research team have ventured into the rivers and streams of Wisconsin, from the Apostle Islands to Janesville and the Wisconsin-Illinois border, working with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to collecting fish samples to test and track the viruss current locations and movement among fish populations ...

Medical Center of Marin offers fast and efficient laboratory services for most of your health care needs. Here are some of the tests we perform in our on-site laboratory ...

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia is a federally reportable disease. This means that anyone who owns or works with aquatic animals has the legal obligation to notify the CFIA when they suspect or detect an aquatic animal disease that is of concern to Canada.

Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is induced by various inflammatory agents, such as lipopolysaccharide and microbial pathogens, including virus and bacteria. In this study, we obtained a full-length cDNA of a STING homolog from olive flounder using rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR technique. The full-length cDNA of Paralichthys olivaceus STING (PoSTING) was 1442 bp in length and contained a 1209-bp open reading frame that translated into 402 amino acids. The theoretical molecular mass of the predicted protein sequence was 45.09 kDa. In the PoSTING protein, three transmembrane domains and the STING superfamily domain were identified as characteristic features. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that PoSTING expressed in all the tissues analyzed, but showed the highest level in the spleen. Temporal expression analysis examined the significantly upregulated expression of PoSTING mRNA after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) stimulation. In contrast, no significant changes in the PoSTING

A range of monoclonal antibodies (AquaMab-P) to detect specific fish and shrimp pathogens is available. These are supplied with a standard protocol to apply these in immunohistochemistry (IHC). These products can also be used in the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). ...

Hemorrhagic Septicemia is a severe bacterial disease caused by certain strains of Pasteurella multicoda. It primarily affects cattle and water buffalo,

• Special Formula Of Three Sulfa Medications To Effectively Treat Bacterial Infections Such As Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Blood S • For Fresh and Salt Water Fish

This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate thats been signed by the U.S. government. The https:// means all transmitted data is encrypted - in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely.. ...

FishPathogens.eu/vhsv: A user-friendly Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) isolate and sequence database, Søren Peter Jonstrup, Tanya Gray, Søren Kahns, Helle Frank Skall, Mike Snow and Niels Jørgen Olesen, Journal of Fish Diseases, 2009. View publication ». An isolate and sequence database of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Søren Peter Jonstrup, Heike Schuetze, Gael Kurath, Tanya Gray, Britt Bang Jensen, and Niels Jørgen Olesen. Journal of Fish Diseases 2010 View publication ». ...

Fish infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia like this Lake St. Clair shad bleed from their organs and skin. Photo: Mohamed Faisal, Michigan State University

We have recently isolated a novel piscine retrovirus found associated with an outbreak of leiomyosarcoma in the swim bladder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The sequence of an endogenous retrovirus, zebrafish endogenous retrovirus (ZFERV), isolated as a highly expressed sequence in a subtracted thymus cDNA library from zebrafish (Danio rerio), has a high degree of similarity to SSSV. We are currently studying the SSSV promoter and have generated transgenic zebrafish that express GFP under the control of the SSSV LTR. Two lines of transgenic zebrafish demonstrate differing patterns of tissue-specific GFP expression, one in the epithelium of the head and one in the heart cavity. This data implies that cis-acting host sequences at the site of integration affect the expression level and tissue-specificity of the SSSV LTR promoter. This may prove to be an important general mechanism for persistence in retroviral pathogenesis. 2. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia In the summer of 2005 VHSV was diagnosed ...

The complete genome of snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) was cloned and molecularly characterized. This was initially accomplished through the sequence determination of its glycoprotein gene and the phylogenetic analysis of this gene with orthologous genes from other rhabdoviruses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that SHRV groups with viruses of the genus Novirhabdovirus. The full-length glycoprotein was expressed in mammalian cells to investigate its potential use in the production of pseudotyped retroviruses. The sequence of the entire SHRV genome of 11.6 kb was determined, and all encoded proteins, intergenic transcriptional control motifs, and the leader and trailer regions were identified. The genome was found to encode six proteins including a nucleoprotein, a phosphoprotein, a matrix protein, a glycoprotein, a small--presumably non-virion--protein, and a polymerase protein. The presence of a non-virion protein, which is the hallmark feature of all Novirhabdoviruses, supported SHRVs ...

Dr. Silvino Teodosio, head of IPVO, said there is no specific study of possible effects of hemorrhagic septicemia to humans, but still he advised the public against eating dead animal meat.. There are no reports yet but we are talking here of possible effects to humans in the near future. We do not know what would be the extent of the effects of this bacteria once eaten, he said.. Fourteen animal deaths, including nine carabaos and five cows, have been recorded by the IPVO in Leon town, particularly in the villages of Tacuyong Norte and Jamog Gines.. Its (bacteria) is deceptive. Hemorrhagic septicemia causes rapid deaths without any symptom, he said.. Teodosio said Iloilo Gov. Arthur Defensor has directed him to coordinate with the 85 village chiefs of Leon to discuss the animal disease outbreak.. During his visit, he will inform the village chiefs that eating affected meat is not advisable and affected meat should not be brought to other areas, Teodosio said.. The IPVO is also monitoring ...

TITLE: Heist FORMAT: VHS Rated: R Year: 2002 Theatrical Release Date: STARRING: Danny DeVito, Delroy Lindo, Gene Hackman, Patti LuPone, R

The database was launched in Spring 2009 with a database on Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) (Jonstrup et al. 2009). One year later it was extended with a database on Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) (Jonstrup et al. 2010). Currently development of databases on Spring Vraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV), Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV), and Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) are in progress. ...

Isolation and identification of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) viruses from cod Gadus morhua with the ulcus syndrome and from haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus having skin haemorrhages in the North ...

The National Park Service and the Grand Portage Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa have agreed to work together on efforts to protect park and tribal fishery resources in Lake Superior from a deadly fish disease known as viral hemorrhagic septicemia, or VHS. VHS was first detected in the lower Great Lakes in 2003. It does not affect humans.

The association says combined vaccine of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) was found to be highly effective in Haryana as no outbreak has been observed so far after administration of this vaccine in bovines of the state till date since March 2019.

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Septicemia Or Sepsis: Septicemia is a lethal condition that occurs when bacteria from another infection contaminate blood & spread whole body.

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Background Norwegian production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been without any outbreaks of VHS for many years until the disease emerged in a farm in western Norway in November 2007. The fish were, in addition to VHS virus, positive for gill chlamydia-like bacteria, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, and a microsporidian. A new VHS virus genotype III was isolated from the fish in RTgill-W1 cells and the complete coding region (11,065 nucleotides) was sequenced. This virus was also used in a challenge experiment to see if it could cause any mortality in rainbow trout in sea water. Results This is the first time a nearly complete sequence of a genotype III virus isolate has been presented. The organization of the genes is the same as in the other VHS virus genotypes studied (GI and GIV). Between the ORFs are nontranslated regions that contain highly conserved sequences encompassing the polyadenylation signal for one gene, and the putative transcription initiation site of the next gene. The ...

Commission Decision 2004/850/EC of 3 December 2004 amending Annexes I and II to Decision 2002/308/EC establishing lists of approved zones and approved farms with regard to one or more of the fish diseases viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN ...

Since 2010, outbreaks of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella (P.) multocida capsular type B (PmB) emerged in Germany. In 2017, we noticed a close spatiotemporal relationship between HS outbreak sites and wolf (Canis lupus) territories. Thus, the main objectives of our study were to investigate the molecular epidemiology of German PmB-HS-isolates and to assess the role of wolves as putative vectors of this pathogen. We collected 83 PmB isolates from HS outbreaks that occurred between 2010 and 2019 and sampled 150 wolves, which were found dead in the years 2017 to 2019, revealing another three PmB isolates. A maximum-likelihood-based phylogeny of the core genomes of 65 PmB-HS-isolates and the three PmB-wolf-isolates showed high relatedness. Furthermore, all belonged to capsular:LPS:MLST genotype B:L2:ST122RIRDC and showed highly similar virulence gene profiles, but clustered separately from 35 global ST122RIRDC strains. Our data revealed that German HS outbreaks were caused by a ...

For broad spectrum treatment and control of bacterial disease, such as body slime, mouth fungus, Furunculosis (open lesions and swelling), bacterial gill disease and hemorrhagic septicemia (blood spots without sign of skin damage). For use in both freshwater and saltwater aquariums. Can be used with any API Ich, fungus or parasite remedy to help prevent secondary bacterial infection. This medication will not color the aquarium water.

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The Great Lakes form the largest surface freshwater system on Earth. More than 30 million people live in the Great Lakes basin, and the impact of their daily activities, from the water consumed to the waste returned, directly affects the Great Lakes environment. EPA leads U.S. efforts to restore and maintain the quality and ecosystems of the Great Lakes watershed.. ...

Under the auspices of the Great Lakes Regional Collaboration and its Habitat-Species Work Group, the Great Lakes Commission conducted nine one-day workshops across the Great Lakes region, one in each of the eight Great Lakes states and one dedicated to the tribal communities within the U.S. drainage basin to the lakes. These workshops were conducted ...

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For two hectic days in mid-November, over 25 advocates representing environmental and conservation interests, municipalities, business, and industry came together in Ottawa for the second annual Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Parliament Hill Days. Organized by Freshwater Future, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative, the Council of the Great Lakes Region and the […]. ...

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Fresh sardines are delicious - rich, dense and oily, and a great source of omega-3 fatty acids. Its always a good idea to eat your vitamins rather than

Are sardines good for you? Yes, as they are packed with vitamins and minerals and can help prevent diseases. But that doesnt mean the more the merrier. Eat in moderation.

TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. - Despite recent improvements, the U.S. and Canada have a long way to go toward ridding the Great Lakes of pollution that endangers hum

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A group of scientists is seeking to understand the hidden lives of some of the most prolific but least understood life forms in the Great Lakes: microorganisms that live deep beneath the surface.

The Maritime History of the Great Lakes site is managed by Walter Lewis. Since 2005 this site has been the prototype for the digital collection management tools built for the Our Digital World (formerly the OurOntario project of Knowledge Ontario.). As a prototype it is subject to occasional, unexplained interruptions in service ... because we keep trying new things.. ...

A septicemia patient may show symptoms due to the primary infection, due to sepsis per se, or due to the complications of sepsis.

Septicemia is a term formerly accepted by the medical profession to mean the rapid multiplication of bacteria and the presence of bacterial toxins in the blood.

When bait rigging a fish for your trolling line, the golden rule is that it should wriggle, but must not spin. If you follow these instructions it will behave perfectly

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