It is well known that the angiographic no-reflow phenomenon occurs after intervention in degenerated saphenous vein grafts. In these cases, distal embolization of plaque or thrombus from the lesion site is the likely mechanism.11,12⇓ Webb et al13 reported the presence of particulate material in 21 of 23 distal protection device procedures, in which pathological examination revealed the presence of particles with a necrotic core of cholesterol clefts, lipid-rich macrophages, and fibrins.. In patients with AMI, Sutsch et al14 have reported that plaque debris consisting of a necrotic core, inflammatory cells, cholesterol debris, and old and fresh thrombi are often retrieved from the distal portions of infarct-related arteries after direct angioplasty.. In the present study, we demonstrate that the angiographic no-reflow phenomenon after primary angioplasty or stenting in patients with AMI correlates with lesion IVUS morphology. The morphological features of the lipid pool-like image are similar ...

Background: It was reported that patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) frequently have vulnerable plaques in the remote coronary arteries, suggesting ACS is a part of the pan-coronary process and systemic inflammation. MDCT allows us to assess not only culprit lesion but also whole coronary trees. However in patients with ACS, the impact of plaque morphology in remote coronary arteries and C-reactive protein (CRP) on the occurrence of slow flow phenomenon (SF) during PCI is still unclear.. Methods: Consecutive 116 patients (69±9 years, 78% males) with acute coronary syndrome diagnosed by 128-slice dual source MDCT before coronary interventions were enrolled. Non-culprit lesions were defined as plaques with more than 25% diameter stenosis measured by quantitative angiography that had not been treated. The CT value of plaque and plaque morphology in culprit and non-culprit lesions and serum CRP level were compared between patients with and without SF during PCI.. Results: Thirty six ...

p,For patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), the immediate therapeutic goal is to establish the patency of the infarct-related artery. Prolonged myocardial ischemia, however, often breaks down the coronary microvasculature, and the flow to the infarct myocardium may be markedly reduced. This is called the no-reflow phenomenon. This phenomenon is important not solely because it correlates with infarct size but because it provides additional prognostic information. With recent advances in imaging modalities, the no-reflow phenomenon is observed more frequently than when clinical judgment alone is used. Patients with this phenomenon are associated with poor functional and clinical outcomes. Now, the no-reflow phenomenon can be a parameter with which to predict high-risk patients. The focus of reperfusion therapy has shifted toward the improvement of myocardial perfusion. The improvement of myocardial perfusion could promote the functional recovery of viable muscle and reduce infarct ...

The underlying mechanisms behind the effect of atorvastatin on patients with coronary slow flow (CSF) remain largely unknown. To investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms 108 patients were divided into atorvastatin group and control group. Coronary flow was quantified according to corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC). Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipids, ET-1, interleukin (IL)-6, NO, circulating endothelial progenitor cell (cEPC) count, adhesion, migration and proliferation were measured in pretreatment and post-treatment. After respective treatment, the atorvastatin group had significantly decreased levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, hs-CRP, ET-1 and IL-6 and increased NO compared to the control group. The atorvastatin group had a more significant improvement of CTFC, effective rate, cEPC number, EPC adhesion, migration and proliferation compared to the control group. In conclusion, atorvastatin can be used in treatment of CSF by suppressing inflammation and improving ...

Two case studies will be presented which deal with inferior macro and micro flow phenomena. An inferior macro / micro phenomenon cannot be detected by utilizing McCabe-Thiele or simulation software in the conceptual stages. The macro / micro flow phenomena must be reviewed in the mechanical drawing review stage to eliminate the possibility.

Liu, Yong, Islam, Shariful, Chow, Clara K., Chen, Shiqun, Siddiqui, Muhammad Umer, Li, Qiang, Lin, Kai-yang, Wang, Kun, Sun, Guoli, Zhou, Ying-Ling, Chen, Jiyan and Brieger, David 2017, Immediate versus deferred stenting for patients undergoing primary or emergent percutaneous coronary intervention: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis, Medicine, vol. 96, no. 47, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008477. ...

The First Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena was held September 12-15, 1999 in Santa Barbara, California. This new symposium series is the successor to the highly regarded series of Symposia on Turbulent Shear Flows, which concluded with the 11th biennial conference in 1997. The Symposium aims to be the premier forum for presentation of fundamental and applied research in turbulence. Submissions were solicited in traditional turbulence research areas along with five areas selected for special emphasis: biological and medical flows, multiphase flows, reacting turbulent flows, geophysical and environmental flows, and flow control/MEMS. Five speakers were invited to give review talks covering some aspect of these areas. Over 320 extended abstracts were submitted in response to the call for papers. Each abstract was evaluated by two members of the Advisory and Executive Committees and two members of the Papers Committee. Most of the abstracts were of high quality, requiring many difficult

TY - GEN. T1 - Computer simulation of flow phenomena in distensible arterial bifurcation models. AU - Perktold, Karl. AU - Peter, Reinfried Odo. AU - Gürtl, Raimund. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. M3 - Conference contribution. SN - 88-7958-001-9. SP - 377. EP - 381. BT - Proceedings - MEDICON. PB - CNR. CY - Pisa. ER - ...

Chronic inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase 5A prevents and reverses endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with the metabolic syndrome. Delphine, Behr-Roussel; Oudot, Alexandra; Caisey, Stephanie; Le Coz, Olivier; Gorny, Diane; Bernabé, Jaques; Wayman, Chris; Alexandre, Laurent; Giuliano, Francois // BMC Pharmacology;2007 Supplement 1, Vol. 7, pS28 An abstract of the paper Chronic Inhibition of Cyclic GMP Phosphodiesterase 5A Prevents and Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome, by Behr-Rousse Delphine, Alexandra Oudot, and colleagues is presented. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Tissue Inflammation Impairs Tissue-Level Perfusion and Promotes Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. AU - Nishida, Yuya. AU - Itoh, Hiroshi. AU - Iwakura, Katsuomi. AU - Tanaka, Kouji. AU - Kawano, Shigeo. AU - Okamura, Atsunori. AU - Maekawa, Yoshinori. AU - Inoue, Kouichi. AU - Fujii, Kenshi. AU - Hori, Masatsugu. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - Background. C-reactive protein (CRP) level and monocytosis are associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with AMI. Methods. One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with the first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) underwent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) 2 weeks after successful reperfusion. Results. LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) at pre-discharge was significantly higher in the no-reflow group than the reflow group (64±17 vs. 58±11 mL/m2, p, 0.01). The no-reflow group had a higher CRP level and peak monocyte counts than the reflow group (9.5±5.2 vs. 5.8±3.5 ...

A 41 year old male hypertensive smoker presented with acute abdominal pain and transient widespread ST elevation on the ECG. Coronary angiography (panel A) revealed a mobile opacity in the proximal left main stem (arrow) and a slow flow phenomenon in the left anterior descending artery. Treatment was given with aspirin, clopidogrel, low molecular weight heparin and a tirofiban infusion over three days. Repeat angiography showed identical appearances in the left main stem with normal flow in the left anterior descending artery. Intravascular ultrasound of the left main stem (panel B) showed a non-occlusive atherosclerotic plaque (X) with adherent thrombus (Y). An attempt to aspirate the thrombus using the Rescue thrombosis management system failed. The lesion was therefore treated with stenting using a 4.5 × 13 mm Ultra bare metal stent, post-dilated to 5 mm (panels C and D). The patient made an uneventful recovery. Repeat angiography is planned at four months.. ...

One of the major limitations of reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the presentation of no-reflow phenomenon. In 25 to 30% of patients with AMI, myocardial blood flow is occasionally profoundly reduced, even after coronary recanalisation, because of microvascular dysfunction - so-called no-reflow phenomenon. Patients with this phenomenon are regarded as a high risk group among patients with reperfused AMI. Clinical studies using myocardial contrast echocardiography have demonstrated that intracoronary injection of calcium antagonists or potassium channel agonists in conjunction with coronary reperfusion can augment myocardial blood flow and that this was associated with better functional and clinical outcomes than with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty alone. Thus, it is possible to prevent reperfusion injury and improve cardiac function using a adjunctive pharmacological intervention, either intravenously or by infusion directly into the coronary artery ...

A detailed aerodynamic study of a transonic, high-throughflow, single-stage compressor is presented. The compressor stage was comprised of a low-aspect-ratio rotor combined alternately with two different stator designs. Both experimental and numerical studies are conducted to understand the details of the complex flow field present in this stage. Aerodynamic measurements using high-frequency, Kulite pressure transducers and conventional probes are compared with results from a three-dimensional viscous flow analysis. A steady multiple blade row approach is used in the numerical technique to examine the detailed flow structure inside the rotor and the stator passages. The comparisons indicate that many flow field features are correctly captured by viscous flow analysis, and therefore unmeasured phenomena can be studied with some level of confidence.. ...

We analyzed the influence of large-scale ElectroHydroDynamic streamwise vortical flows superim-posed to a plane Poiseuille flow. The vortical flows had a spanwise periodicity of 340 wall units, in order to encompass three low-speed streaky structures. Results indicate that, after the actuation of control flows, the flow field undergoes an initial steep transient of about 600 shear-based time units with a moderate drag decrease (about 6 − 7%), followed by a steady-state in which the overall drag was only slightly affected by the EHD flows. Higher intensity cases led to drag reduction. The long-term effect of flow control is small, being at most about 4 − 5%. Corresponding to such small modification of the overall drag there is no significant change in the structure of turbulence at the wall ...

In this study we have elucidated several advantages of simultaneously using both GPS and ITLT in patients with inferior AMI complicated by massive thrombus. In general, the risk area in inferior AMI is smaller than that in anterior AMI.13Hence, final infarct size tends to be smaller. However, primary PCI using metallic stents occasionally causes no or low-reflow phenomena14 when carried out without any distal coronary protection. Microembolisation into distal coronary territory as well as microvascular damage due to ischemia lead to no-reflow phenomena.1 The no-reflow zone within the initial risk area progressively increases in size for several minutes, or even hours, shortly after coronary recanalization.2?Leukocytes, platelets, and adhesion molecules also contribute to these processes.3 Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to the PCI strategy immediately before and shortly after coronary recanalization. In cases where GPS is not used, unresolved massive thrombus that slip down into ...

The slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCF), a condition described by the presence of inappropriate delay in the progression of intracoronary contrast during angiography in the absence of stenoses, has been shown in some patients presenting with chest pa

Patients who arrive at the hospital with heart-attack-like symptoms have had little recourse for their chest pain if scans came back clear, with no signs of blocked coronary arteries. Some of these cases are caused by a little-known phenomenon called coronary slow flow.

Baseline and procedural characteristics are described in the table below. Perforation occurred in 0.9% (n=1), dissection occurred in 1.8% (n=2), and no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 0.9% of cases (n=1). There were no cases of bleeding complications, emergent bypass, 30-day MI, 30-day TVR, or stent thrombosis. 1 (0.9%) patient had a stroke within 30 days of PCI. Restenosis occurred in 3.6% of patients (n=4). 30 day mortality occurred in 1.8% of patients (n=2) due to non-cardiac causes from post-operative complications from non-cardiac surgery. ...

The goals of the various processing and display techniques are to derive from the Doppler spectrum a meaningful measure of the flow phenomenon being investigated and to present this measure to the operator. Important measures go beyond indication of velocity of flow or volume flow to include indications of the type of flow, i.e., laminar or turbulent, as well as geometric parameters such as the depth, width or cross-sectional area of the flow stream ...

The performance of a centrifugal pump or compressor system has often been investigated on an overall basis for a wide range of operations and these investigations have, in the past, resulted in some remarkable technical advances. Detailed and penetrating studies of both the rotor and the components up and downstream are essential to obtain a knowledge of the critical areas and to increase further the efficiency of the system. In this study one problem area, the flow in radial diffusers in the absence of unsteady flow, is isolated and an extensive analytical and experimental study concerning this has been undertaken. In the absence of wakes from the impeller or other unsteady flow phenomena, the formation of a boundary layer on the side walls of the diffuser is the main cause of a loss in diffuser efficiency. The boundary layers which are three dimensional in character are investigated for several inlet conditions, and the theoretical results are compared with those of the experiments; the ...

Mixing vessels are widely used for blending and chemical reactions. Although much has been done on mixing processes, the complex, three-dimensional flow phenomena are still not well understood. The purpose of our first step in this research is the simulation and validation of time-resolved, three-dimensional velocity vector data. Such results are an essential part of the design of mixing systems, but are generally not available to the engineers. The computational work involves direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) of the Navier-Stokes equations. Later, modeling of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations will be undertaken as a simplified approach. Simulations and modeling are being validated by experiments. Two flow mixing systems are under investigation. First and most important for validation is an opposed jet flow system that offers some unique characteristics that can be used for validation of DNS/LES simulations. It also has applications in the ...

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Date: Thu, 6 Jul 95 10:43:16 EDT From: dipalma at sky.com (Jim Dipalma) Subject: Re: Lauter Flow, Brewing 2 batches Hi All, In HBD#1774, Dave Bradley asks: ,What is the affect of starting and stopping the flow from the lauter , tun during the initial recirculation period? , ,My technique has been to stop the slow flow while returning the , still cloudy sweet wort already collected back the top of , the grain bed, and pseudo-clarity seems to take more time , for me to achieve than for others (all-grain time thread). FWIW, what I do is place a 3 quart saucepan inside a 5 gallon pot, and run the wort into the saucepan. When theres about 2 quarts in the saucepan, I return the cloudy wort to the top of the tun, taking care to disturb the grainbed as little as possible, while the wort continues to run into the larger pot. When the runoff starts to clear, I return whatever wort is in the larger pot to the top of the tun. While the wort is being runoff, pressure is generated inside the lauter tun ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Frequency of Slow Coronary Flow Following Successful Stent Implantation and Effect of Nitroprusside. AU - Airoldi, Flavio. AU - Briguori, Carlo. AU - Cianflone, Domenico. AU - Cosgrave, John. AU - Stankovic, Goran. AU - Godino, Cosmo. AU - Carlino, Mauro. AU - Chieffo, Alaide. AU - Montorfano, Matteo. AU - Mussardo, Marco. AU - Michev, Iassen. AU - Colombo, Antonio. AU - Maseri, Attilio. PY - 2007/4/1. Y1 - 2007/4/1. N2 - Nitroprusside (NTP) is used for the treatment of slow coronary flow (SCF) after coronary interventions. The wide variation in dosage, route, and timing of its administration in the reported studies prevents an objective assessment of its efficacy. We report the incidence and response to a standardized NTP protocol of SCF after successful stent implantation. Selective intracoronary administration of incremental doses (initial bolus of 80 μg incremented by 40 μg) of NPT was assessed in 21 patients who developed SCF in a series of 2,212 consecutive patients who ...

Methods and results In 90-min ischaemia and 3-h reperfusion model, Minipigs were randomly assigned to four groups (n=8 in each group): (1) Sham; (2) Control; (3) TXL: 0.05 g·kg−1 of TXL was gavaged 1 h prior myocardial ischaemia; (4) TXL+H-89 (1.0 μg·kg−1·min−1, an inhibitor of PKA). TXL significantly decreased creatine kinase (CK) activity, reduced the infarct size from 78.5% to 59.2% and no-reflow area from 48.6% to 9.5% (p,0.05), while H-89 completely abolished the reduction of CK activity and necrosis size, and partially diminished the reduction of no-reflow size. TXL enhanced the PKA activity in ischaemic myocardium, increased the expression of PKA, Thr 198 p-PKA and Ser 635 p-eNOS in no-reflow area, and upregulated the expression of eNOS and Ser 1179 p-eNOS in reflow area. H-89 repressed the enhancement of PKA activity and the upregulation of eNOS and Ser 635 p-eNOS, but without great inhibition on the expression of PKA and Thr 198 p-PKA in no-reflow area, and even stimulated the ...

Objective: SCUBE1 [signal peptide-CUB (complement C1r/C1 s)-EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domain-containing protein 1] might function as a novel platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule and play pathological roles in cardiovascular biology. Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of death in modern society. The concept of no reflow (NR) refers to a state of myocardial tissue hypoperfusion in the presence of a patent epicardial coronary artery. The main mechanisms of this phenomenon are thought to be high platelet activity and much thrombus burden. So, we researched the role of SCUBE1 in the pathogenesis of NR ...

Boob Scoop: When a baby breastfeeds, she can comfort suck after a feeding to help herself settle. However, with a bottle she may appear to still be hungry when all she really needs is more sucking time. A slow flow bottle nipple helps with this because it offers the baby an opportunity for additional sucking time and a chance for the baby to realize that she is full. A slow flow bottle can be particularly helpful when a baby is in daycare: a mom may begin to doubt her milk supply if her baby is drinking more than the she is pumping at work. But it may not be that the baby needs more breastmilk in the bottle but rather that she needs more sucking time. Besides using a slow flow bottle nipple, a pacifier or other soothing methods, like being carried in a sling or carrier, can help a baby to settle after a feeding.. Sharen Medrano, Yummy Mummy Support Group IBCLC (www.nycbreastfeeding.com) ...

During the initial development of microvascular tissue transfer techniques, several vasodilating agents first used with axial flaps for salvage or pharmacologic delay44,45 (i.e., attempting pharmacologically to induce resistance to acute ischemia), were used for similar purposes in free tissue transfer.9 Use of these drugs (e.g., isoxuprine) has decreased with increasing experience with microsurgical procedures. Evidence has accumulated demonstrating that success in uncomplicated procedures does not depend on the use of systemic vasodilators. 30,31 Experience with tissues subjected to trauma and prolonged or repeated ischemia, as in cases of multiple anastomotic revisions, led to recognition of the no-reflow phenomenon as a microsurgical complication.10 This phenomenon had been reported earlier in ischemic organ transplants. Functionally, the no-reflow phenomenon is a state in which the microcirculation distal to a microvascular arterial anastamosis no longer functions as a patent bed. ...

Longitudinal extent of lipid pool assessed by optical coherence tomography predicts microvascular no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Copyright in the material you requested is held by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (unless otherwise noted). This email ability is provided as a courtesy, and by using it you agree that you are requesting the material solely for personal, non-commercial use, and that it is subject to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Terms of Use. The information provided in order to email this topic will not be used to send unsolicited email, nor will it be furnished to third parties. Please refer to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Privacy Policy for further information ...

Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are now being tasked with simultaneously removing particulate matter (PM) and trace gas-phase pollutants such as mercury released during coal combustion. This represents a significant expansion of their original operational mission, one which is not captured by decades old quasi-1-D analytical expressions developed from first principles for predicting PM removal alone. At the same time, technological advances in ESP power supplies have led to steady increases over the years in the applied voltage achievable in new or refurbished ESPs. In light of these industry trends, the present study extends our previous study to examine the multiphase flow phenomena that may occur during such ESP operations, specifically the effects of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) fluid flow phenomena that can emerge when electrical current densities are high and/or fluid velocities are low. The results show good agreement at low current densities between the present numerical simulation results and

Transcriptional activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary slow flow

The presence of no-reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction has been found to be a predictor of adverse events, with higher incidence of left ventricular (LV) remodelling, congestive heart failure, and death. An initial study by Wu et al. (n. 44; follow-up 16 months) demonstrated that patients with MVO had more cardiovascular events (45% versus 9%, P 0.016) independently of the total infarct size (6). Since then, several studies have succeeded in demonstrating such a correlation. A larger study by Hombach et al. (20) found that infarct size, MVO, LV end-diastolic volume, and EF predicted major adverse cardiac events (MACE), with MVO being the strongest predictor (13.2% more events). Cochet et al (21) showed that MVO and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score were significant predictors of MACE (odds ratio [OR], 8.7; CI, 3.6 to 21.1; P,0.001; OR, 2.8; CI, 1.3 to 6; P,0.01, respectively). Nijveldt et al. (22) examined the relation between angiographic, ...

Polymeric fluids exhibit a number of intriguing flow phenomena such as vortex formation, die swelling, stress overshoot, and drag reduction when the flow rate exceeds a certain critical value (typically when flow rate is larger than reciprocal of relaxation time of polymeric fluid or Wi ,1.0). The exact molecular picture behind many of these complex flow responses is not known yet and it is still under debate. This limits the design, control and optimization of the technological processes related to polymer products. To overcome these technological limitations, it is required to develop novel methods that can relate the macroscopic flow with the molecular conformation. Recently, the direct visualization of stained DNA inside microfluidics provides a unique opportunity for us to create a conceptual framework for nonlinear polymer rheology in the fast flow rate regime (Wi,1.0). For instance, we recently employed single molecule experiments to study the necking and pinch-off dynamics of polymeric ...

The ability to accurately model flow in subsurface formations enables the efficient production and optimal management of key resources such as oil and natural gas. Reliable subsurface flow models will also be required for the design and operation of geologic CO2 storage processes. My students and I pursue a number of research areas involving the simulation of multiphase subsurface flow phenomena. Some of the specific areas we study are the optimization of well placement and well settings, the upscaling (or coarse-graining) of detailed geological descriptions for flow simulation, reduced-order modeling, flow in fractured or faulted systems, CO2 sequestration modeling, and general numerical discretization and gridding issues. Many of our studies involve the development of new computational methods able to accurately and efficiently represent the effects of geological complexity on subsurface flow. Another main focus is closed-loop reservoir modeling, in which we employ computational optimization ...

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed an optical system that accurately measures the flow of extraordinarily tiny amounts of liquids-as small as 10 billionths of a liter (nanoliters) per minute.

6 Easy Ways To Lower Your Blood Pressure Nicholls said. We also saw a bit of a trend toward regression in atherosclerosis. But our primary endpoint -- a decrease in the volume of disease in the artery -- did not meet statistical significance. Although not a primary endpoint, the researchers did identify a decrease in…

Tommee Tippee Closer To Nature Newborn Starter Kit 2015 (Up$76.00) The Tommee Tippee Closer to Nature Newborn Starter Kit 2015 offers all the baby feeding essentials you need, including different sized bottles with slow flow teats, medium flow teats, soother, and bottle and teat brush. BPA-free.. ...

Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between T-786C polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and slow coronary flow (SCF). ...

Reperfusion injury and no-reflow phenomenon are known entities that contribute to persistent impairment in myocardial perfusion and regional myocardial dysfunction following restoration of epicardial coronary blood flow after a myocardial infarction.

The authors even speculate that in some scenarios manual CPR might be superior to newer devices and techniques (such as automated vest CPR or active compression-decompression CPR) that can restore blood to physiological levels because manual closed chest CPR protects the heart and brain from peak levels of stress mediators.. As the authors note, if this hypothesis is correct, treatment of cardiac arrest would require a highly individualized approach whereby certain physiologic states would be best served by different levels of circulation and hence distinct doses of CPR. Such treatment modalities will require complicated monitoring and resuscitation efforts, such as automated control over perfusion pressure and ventilation during CPR.. Although this model makes sense from a theoretical level, it seems to be at odds with the discovery that low flow perfusion cannot reverse the no-reflow phenomenon. If blood flow cannot be restored to some parts of the brain, it is not likely that ischemic ...

This thesis presents the formulation of a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model and its application to a range of engineering applications. The motivation for this research lies in the desire to accurately model viscous and turbulent free-surface flows, including those with complete break-up of the free-surface. At present, boundary element modelling is typically chosen to describe free-surface flows where viscous effects are not important. The Volume of Fluid method is able to model most flow phenomena, but the representation of the free-surface is insuffcient for the most complex flows. Current SPH models have shown aptitude for modelling such flows, but there is a noticeable lack of validation carried out in the literature. This thesis includes a thorough investigation into established modelling techniques, extending or developing new techniques where necessary, in order to create a versatile and accurate SPH model for free-surface flows. Where possible, quantitative comparisons with ...

The search for quieter internal combustion engines drives the quest for a better understanding of the acoustic properties of engine duct components. Simulations are an important tool for enhanced understanding; they give insight into the flow-acoustic interaction in components where it is difficult to perform measurements. In this work the acoustics is obtained directly from a compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES). With this method complex flow phenomena can be captured, as well as sound generation and acoustic scattering.. The aim of the research is enhanced understanding of the acoustics of engine gas exchange components, such as the turbocharger compressor.In order to investigate methods appropriate for such studies, a simple constriction, in the form of an orifice plate, is considered. The flow through this geometry is expected to have several of the important characteristics that generate and scatter sound in more complex components, such as an unsteady shear layer, vortex generation, ...

Fluids with nontrivial small-scale inhomogeneities (microstructure) include suspensions, emulsions, foams, polymer melts and solutions, surfactant solutions and liquid crystals. Flows of these complex fluids display features that are not found in simple fluids, including interfacial and bulk instabilities, texture formation and evolution and other novel flow phenomena that all can be traced back to the influence the fluid microstructure has on the stresses that develop within the flow. This workshop will focus on the experimental motivation and the constitutive modeling of complex fluids at all scales. Topics to be discussed include modeling from microscopic to mesoscopic to macroscopic, closures, constitutive model predictions including shear thinning and thickening regimes, inhomogeneities in flow including transient and steady state shearbanding, and shear induced phase transitions ...

I have found this site very very intresting. I have had bladder probs for 26 years now due to givin birth to my daughter. It left me with a narrowing of the uretha and scaring, i had pain on weeing and a slow flow then the pain after havin a wee was really bad for about 10 mins. some days were worse than others. a few times i went in to retention for hours that pain is unbearable didnt no what to do with my self as no one can get a cathatere in me as my urethea is so narrow, had 6 bladder streches they helped for a short time but never lasted for long. Well for the last 3 years i have had a super pubic cathater after giong in to complet retention had to have it done as an emergence the dr in the hospital had to come down on the ward to do it as the theaters were all full and i was climbing the walls in pain hadnt had a wee for 12 hours thought i was going to burst. well ive been told i will have the spc for the rest of my life. I was quite happy with it for 2 and a half years, apart from the ...

Intracoronary epinephrine in the treatment of refractory no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study ...

Dive into the research topics of Treatment of no-reflow in degenerated saphenous vein graft interventions: Comparison of intracoronary verapamil and nitroglycerin. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Flow visualizations and stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) measurements are carried out to study the flow phenomena developing in the rotor passage of an axial compressor at the onset of stall. Experiments have been performed in the JHU optically index-matched facility, using acrylic blades and liquid that have the same optical refractive index. The blade geometries are based on the first one and a half stages of the Low Speed Axial Compressor (LSAC) facility at NASA Glenn. The SPIV measurements provide detailed snapshots and ensemble statistics on the flow in a series of meridional planes. Data recorded in closely spaced planes enable us to obtain ensemble averaged 3D vorticity distributions. High speed imaging of cavitation, performed at low pressure, is used to qualitatively visualize the vortical structures within the rotor passage. The observations are performed just above and at stall conditions. At pre-stall condition, shortly after it rolled up, the tip leakage vortex (TLV) breaks up into widely ...

Modern exhaust systems contain not only a piping network to transport hot gas from the engine to the atmosphere, but also functional components such as the catalytic converter and turbocharger. The turbocharger is common place in the automotive industry due to their capability to increase the specific power output of reciprocating engines. As the exhaust system is a main heat source for the under body of the vehicle and the turbocharger is located within the engine bay, it is imperative that accurate surface temperatures are achieved. A study by K. Haehndel [1] implemented a 1D fluid stream as a replacement to solving 3D fluid dynamics of the internal exhaust flow. To incorporate the 3D effects of internal fluid flow, augmented Nusselt correlations were used to produce heat transfer coefficients. It was found that the developed correlations for the exhaust system did not adequately represent the heat transfer of the turbocharger. This paper addresses the fluid flow phenomena present in the ...

OBJECTIVE: The complement system has been suggested to play a role in reperfusion injury which may result from an enhanced destruction of myocardial tissue or from an impairment of reflow. We investigated the influence of the C5b-9 complement complex

Figure 3 Plaque Site With Attenuation at Baseline and 2-Year Follow-Up. This figure shows a plaque site with attenuation at baseline (A) and 2-year follow-up (B). Presence of attenuation and plaque morphology is not significantly changed. ...

Vessels are now being escorted through the straight to secure the flow of goods.. Iran has escalated tension by taking action against the MV Stena Impero following additional sanctions levied by the U.S. and the Royal Marines seizing Grace 1. Iran can only use guerrilla tactics to impede shipping, but it will be enough to slow flow as every ship will need an escort and/or incur large increases in insurance premiums. The EU had initially announced a potential structure through INSTEX- Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (Germany, France, and UK) to get around U.S. sanctions- but Iran has announced it wont work without a formal oil deal. This is obviously complicated by the fact a key country in INSTEX is the UK, which seized Grace 1. The bargaining position continues to deteriorate as Tehran demands the ability to export 1.5M barrels a day in order to stay in the nuclear deal. The EU can trigger the JCPOAs dispute settlement process that takes 45 days. If nothing is fixed by the end of the ...

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