First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example. Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color ...

Fibroblasts are a dynamic cell type that achieve selective differentiated states to mediate acute wound healing and long-term tissue remodeling with scarring. With myocardial infarction injury, cardiomyocytes are replaced by secreted extracellular matrix proteins produced by proliferating and differentiating fibroblasts. Here, we employed 3 different mouse lineage-tracing models and stage-specific gene profiling to phenotypically analyze and classify resident cardiac fibroblast dynamics during myocardial infarction injury and stable scar formation. Fibroblasts were activated and highly proliferative, reaching a maximum rate within 2 to 4 days after infarction injury, at which point they expanded 3.5-fold and were maintained long term. By 3 to 7 days, these cells differentiated into myofibroblasts that secreted abundant extracellular matrix proteins and expressed smooth muscle α-actin to structurally support the necrotic area. By 7 to 10 days, myofibroblasts lost proliferative ability and smooth ...

Fibroblasts are a dynamic cell type that achieve selective differentiated states to mediate acute wound healing and long-term tissue remodeling with scarring. With myocardial infarction injury, cardiomyocytes are replaced by secreted extracellular matrix proteins produced by proliferating and differentiating fibroblasts. Here, we employed 3 different mouse lineage-tracing models and stage-specific gene profiling to phenotypically analyze and classify resident cardiac fibroblast dynamics during myocardial infarction injury and stable scar formation. Fibroblasts were activated and highly proliferative, reaching a maximum rate within 2 to 4 days after infarction injury, at which point they expanded 3.5-fold and were maintained long term. By 3 to 7 days, these cells differentiated into myofibroblasts that secreted abundant extracellular matrix proteins and expressed smooth muscle α-actin to structurally support the necrotic area. By 7 to 10 days, myofibroblasts lost proliferative ability and smooth ...

Fibroblasts are a dynamic cell type that achieve selective differentiated states to mediate acute wound healing and long-term tissue remodeling with scarring. With myocardial infarction injury, cardiomyocytes are replaced by secreted extracellular matrix proteins produced by proliferating and differentiating fibroblasts. Here, we employed 3 different mouse lineage-tracing models and stage-specific gene profiling to phenotypically analyze and classify resident cardiac fibroblast dynamics during myocardial infarction injury and stable scar formation. Fibroblasts were activated and highly proliferative, reaching a maximum rate within 2 to 4 days after infarction injury, at which point they expanded 3.5-fold and were maintained long term. By 3 to 7 days, these cells differentiated into myofibroblasts that secreted abundant extracellular matrix proteins and expressed smooth muscle α-actin to structurally support the necrotic area. By 7 to 10 days, myofibroblasts lost proliferative ability and smooth ...

Present review article emphasizes role of regeneration mechanism in various tissues and its use in organ transplantation for wound healing and repairing. This review also addresses tissue engineering methods and use of new biological scaffold materials and promising candidates such as immunomodulators, adhesions, integrins in tissue repairing and induction of regeneration in injured tissues. This article also explains uses of various stem cell types in transplantation technologies and its applications in regenerative medicine and therapeutics. In addition, role of various molecules of immune cell system, gene cascades and transcription specific proteins (TSPs) and growth factors in formation of microenvironment for differentiation are also explained. Mechanisms of regeneration in various animal tissues such as tendon and ligament, cartilage need progenitor cells show chondrogenic and proliferative potential and form elastic cartilage that needs long-term tissue maintenance. Similarly, ...

Read this full essay on Implantation & Functions Of The Placenta. The zygote created from fertilization travels down and through the oviduct, dividing by nuc...

Looking for online definition of charley horse in the Medical Dictionary? charley horse explanation free. What is charley horse? Meaning of charley horse medical term. What does charley horse mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Impact of endometriosis on implantation. T2 - Data from the Wilford Hall Medical Center IVF-ET Program. AU - Hickman, Timothy. PY - 2002/10/1. Y1 - 2002/10/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of endometriosis on implantation. STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study, 149 consecutive in vitro fertilization retrieved cycles were analyzed. Patients with endometriosis (n = 27, 31 cycles) were compared with a control group with tubal infertility (n = 104, 118 cycles). The main outcome measure was implantation rate (gestational sac per transferred embryo). RESULTS: The patients in the tubal infertility group were slightly younger and tended to have a better response to stimulation and increased number of oocytes retrieved than did the patients in the endometriosis group; however, there were no differences in fertilization rates, number of embryos transferred or clinical pregnancy rates per cycle between the endometriosis group and tubal infertility group. The overall ...

Non-absorbable sutures exist in natural, synthetic and metallic forms. Used for long-term tissue support or in areas that allows easy removal after healing.

Cahill, DJ, Jenkins, JM, Al-Nuaim, L, Ford, WCL, Wilson, PE, Collyer, H & Ghobara, T, 2006, Effects of assisted hatching method and age on implantation rates of IVF and ICSI. . RBM Online , vol 13., pp. 261-267 ...

It takes 3 to4 days for the zygote to journey to the uterus (where implantation will take place), and during such journey mitotic cell division happens. Floating freely in the uterus for the next 3 to 4 days, the morula (16 to 50 cell bumpy appearance resulting from mitotic cell division) grows to become a blastocyst with tropobalst cells (forming placenta and membrane in later development). Therefore, it takes 7 to 8 days from fertilization to implantation. Implantation occurs at high and posterior portion of the uterus. On implantation, the structure is called embryo, until 5 - 8 weeks when it begin to be referred to as fetus.. Implantation bleeding (mistaken as menstrual period) results from capillary rupture on implantation. Endometrium (the inner of the uterus) is termed decidua on conception ...

Mean uterine volume increased after 6 months of treatment and doubled at the end of the one-year study. An increased incidence of endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma mostly malignant mixed Mullerian tumours has been reported in association with Nolvadex treatment. You should use an effective non-hormonal type of birth control -- such as condoms, a diaphragm along with spermicide, or a non-hormonal I.. The use of tamoxifen in combination with anastrozole as adjuvant therapy has not shown improved efficacy compared with tamoxifen alone. Nolvadex tamoxifen is a non-steroidal, triphenylethylene-based drug which displays a complex spectrum of oestrogen antagonist and oestrogen agonist-like pharmacological effects in different tissues.. Further, the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information available on this Web site cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. ...

Atrazine (ATR) is an herbicide that has been shown to have adverse reproductive effects including alterations in levels of pituitary hormones such as prolactin (prl) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in female LE rats when administered at doses of 200 mg/kg/day for 1 and 3 days. Because the action of prl in promotion of progesterone secretion is essential for the initiation of pregnancy in rats, this study was designed to examine the effect of exposure to ATR during early pregnancy on implantation and short-term pregnancy maintenance. Rats were divided into two groups representing periods of dosing with ATR prior to the diurnal or nocturnal surges of prl. Within each group, four groups consisting of four strains of rats [Holtzman (HLZ); Sprague Dawley (SD); Long Evans (LE); Fischer 344 (F344)] were each further subdivided into four ATR dosages. Rats were dosed by gavage with 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day ATR on days 1-8 of pregnancy (day 0 = sperm +). All animals were necropsied on day 8 or 9 of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Adipose-Resident Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. AU - OSullivan, Timothy E.. AU - Rapp, Moritz. AU - Fan, Xiying. AU - Weizman, Orr El. AU - Bhardwaj, Priya. AU - Adams, Nicholas M.. AU - Walzer, Thierry. AU - Dannenberg, Andrew J.. AU - Sun, Joseph C.. PY - 2016. Y1 - 2016. N2 - Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) function to protect epithelial barriers against pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis in both barrier and non-barrier tissues. Here, utilizing Eomes reporter mice, we identify a subset of adipose group 1 ILC (ILC1) and demonstrate a role for these cells in metabolic disease. Adipose ILC1s were dependent on the transcription factors Nfil3 and T-bet but phenotypically and functionally distinct from adipose mature natural killer (NK) and immature NK cells. Analysis of parabiotic mice revealed that adipose ILC1s maintained long-term tissue residency. Diet-induced obesity drove early production of interleukin (IL)-12 in adipose ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative Effects of Estrogen and Antiestrogens on Enzyme Activities in R3230AC Rat Mammary Tumors and Uteri of Tumor-bearing Animals. AU - Rorke, Ellen A.. AU - Katzenellenbogen, Benita S.. PY - 1980/9/1. Y1 - 1980/9/1. N2 - Growth of the R3230AC mammary tumor, an ovarian-autonomous but estrogen-responsive tumor in Fischer 344 rats, is markedly depressed by administration of antiestrogen or high doses of estradiol. We have examined the effects of antiestrogens and estradiol on the activity of several enzymes known to be modulated by estrogen, namely, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), NADP-dependent malic dehydrogenase (malic enzyme), α-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, and peroxidase. In addition, we have compared the effects of antiestrogens and estradiol on these enzymatic activities in mammary tumors and uteri of R3230AC tumor-bearing animals to enable a comparison of hormonal and antihormonal action in these two estrogen-sensitive tissues. Rats were treated with ...

We haw just killed the first animal that had the levorotary acid and we were expecting relatively little. We got the most extreme, generalized peritonitis -- all the intestines and all the abdominal organs were covered with a thick exudate. The omentum was diffusely thickened, but it was not massively thickened in any place as with the dextrorotary acid. The cellular reaction is as complex as it can possibly be. All the serosal cells are irritated to the extreme. There are leucocytes, monocytes, epithelioid cells, clasmatocytes, and fibroblasts in extreme abundance. The tissues will look extremely complex, and I think will probably not simulate tubercular tissue at all. We are just going to start with the second animal and I shall be extremely interested to know if we get the same reaction. This means, of course, that we must go right to work and study the reaction after one dose and then follow with two doses and three doses. We have plenty of the material to do this. With such an extremely ...

Both tamoxifen and ICI influence expression of many genes involved in IGF signal transduction. The dominant effect is toward decreased signaling, which may be a consequence of the large increase in IGFBP-3 expression. The molecular mechanisms by which ICI increased IGF-1 mRNA in the mammary gland are unclear. The magnitude of ICI-induced IGF-1 gene expression is far less than ICI-induced IGFBP-3 gene expression. The antiproliferation activity of antiestrogens on breast epithelial cells are well correlated with their effects on IGFBP-3 expression, assuming an IGF-dependent and -independent (16 , 39 , 40) growth-inhibitory action of this protein; the weaker inhibitory effect of tamoxifen is associated with mild stimulation of mammary IGFBP-3 expression, whereas ICI-induced growth inhibition is associated with stronger up-regulation of mammary IGFBP-3 expression (16) .. The functional significance of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 within the mammary gland and breast epithelial growth is unclear. In vitro both ...

Nonsteroidal is a term which is used to describe a compound that is not a steroid. It is used in the term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to distinguish them from corticosteroids as a class of anti-inflammatory agents. Nonsteroidal is also used to describe drugs acting on steroid receptors that are not steroid derivatives. Examples include the following: Estrogens: benzestrol, bifluranol, estrobin (DBE), diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol), dienestrol, erteberel, fosfestrol, hexestrol (dihydroxystilbestrol), methallenestril, methestrol, methestrol dipropionate, paroxypropione, prinaberel, and triphenylethylene, as well as many xenoestrogens SERMs: acolbifene, afimoxifene, arzoxifene, bazedoxifene, broparestrol, chlorotrianisene, clomifene, clomifenoxide, cyclofenil, droloxifene, enclomifene, endoxifen, ethamoxytriphetol, fispemifene, idoxifene, lasofoxifene, levormeloxifene, miproxifene, nafoxidine, nitromifene, ormeloxifene, ospemifene, panomifene, pipendoxifene, raloxifene, ...

Synonyms for antiestrogen in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for antiestrogen. 1 synonym for estrogen: oestrogen. What are synonyms for antiestrogen?