TY - JOUR. T1 - Associations between measures of socioeconomic position and chronic nitrogen dioxide exposure in Worcester, Massachusetts. AU - Yanosky, Jeff D.. AU - Schwartz, Joel. AU - Suh, Helen H.. N1 - Funding Information: Received 3 March 2008; accepted 31 July 2008. This work was supported by NIEHS grant ES011636. Address correspondence to Jeff D. Yanosky, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. E-mail: [email protected] groups in the Worcester MSA. These four SEP measures were selected for analysis based on the work of Kreiger et al. (2002). SEP data were summarized by calculating block-group-specific percentages of the total population of persons with less than a high school education (i.e., low educational attainment rate), persons living in poverty (i.e., poverty rate), and persons living in crowded conditions (i.e., crowding rate), where crowded was defined as greater than one occupant per room.. PY - 2008/1. Y1 - 2008/1. N2 - Census ...

The aim of the present study was to assess nitrogen dioxide concentrations in Kaunas city and to examine their relation with meteorological conditions and some environmental factors (functional zones, green areas, relief). A passive sampling method and triethanolamine as an absorbent were used. Sampling was carried out at 104 points of Kaunas city, 4 times a year during the period of 1999-2002. According to the measurements, the average seasonal and annual concentrations in Kaunas districts and in the whole city were calculated. The study results indicated that the mean NO2 concentration in Kaunas city was 16.75 μg/m3. The highest mean seasonal concentration was found in springs (18.0 μg/m3) and the lowest - in autumns (15.5 μg/m3). The highest NO2 concentrations were in Centras (4 years average - 25.3 μg/m3). A negative correlation between nitrogen dioxide concentrations and wind speed (r = -0.5447, p = 0.029), and between nitrogen dioxide concentrations and rainfall (r = -0.970, p = 0.023) ...

Exposure to an increased level of air pollutants, especially nitrogen dioxide, has been associated with lower likelihoods of successful pregnancy among women undergoing in vitro fertilization, according to a team of fertility researchers.. The team examined the outcomes of the first pregnancy attempt of 7,403 women undergoing IVF at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pa.; Shady Grove Fertility, Rockville, Md.; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, N.Y. They conducted their observations over a seven-year period from 2000 to 2007.. Numerous studies have consistently shown a relationship between air pollution and human health, ranging from mortality, cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions, said Duanping Liao, Ph.D., professor of epidemiology and vice chair department of public health sciences, Penn State College of Medicine. In the process of searching for the mechanisms responsible for the above associations, we, and others, have ...

New data from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite reveal the decline of air pollution, specifically nitrogen dioxide concentrations, over Italy. This reduction is particularly visible in northern Italy which coincides with its nationwide lockdown to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.. The animation shows the fluctuation of nitrogen dioxide concentrations across Europe from 1 January 2020 until 11 March 2020. These data are thanks to the Tropomi instrument on board the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite which maps a multitude of air pollutants around the globe.. Claus Zehner, ESAs Copernicus Sentinel-5P mission manager, comments, The decline in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over the Po Valley in northern Italy is particularly evident.. Although there could be slight variations in the data due to cloud cover and changing weather, we are very confident that the reduction in concentrations that we can see, coincides with the lockdown in Italy causing less traffic and industrial ...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can enhance both early and late airway narrowing after inhaled antigen in allergic asthmatic subjects. We hypothesized that NO2 may also increase airway inflammation during the late response. Nitrogen dioxide has been shown to cause airway inflammation in healthy subjects without asthma. We also hypothesized that individuals with asthma may have increased non-allergic airway inflammation after exposure to NO2. To test these hypotheses, we designed two experiments with the following specific aims: Experiment 1) To determine the effect of a single exposure to NO2 on allergen-induced airway inflammation. Experiment Two: To determine the effect of NO2 exposure on non-allergic airway inflammation. Experiment One: 15 house dust mite (HDM)-sensitive asthmatic subjects were exposed for 3 hours to filtered air or 0.4 ppm NO2 followed immediately by inhalation of HDM allergen. Lung function was measured before and after each exposure and after allergen challenge, hourly for 6 hours. Sputum

The short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 30 European cities participating in the Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach (APHEA)-2 project were investigated.. The association was examined using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analysed separately, whereas in the second stage, the city-specific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity.. A significant association of NO2 with total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was found, with stronger effects on cause-specific mortality. There was evidence of confounding in respiratory mortality with black smoke and sulphur dioxide. The effect of NO2 on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities, and was larger when smoking prevalence was lower and household gas consumption ...

Perth, Western Australia represents an area where pollutant concentrations are considered low compared with international locations. Land Use Regression (LUR) models for PM10, PM2.5 and PM2.5 Absorbance (PM2.5Abs) along with their elemental components: Fe, K, Mn, V, S, Zn and Si were developed for the Perth Metropolitan area in order ... read more to estimate air pollutant concentrations across Perth. The most important predictor for PM10 was green spaces. Heavy vehicle traffic load was found to be the strongest predictor for PM2.5Abs. Traffic variables were observed to be the important contributors for PM10 and PM2.5 elements in Perth, except for PM2.5??V which had distance to coast as the predominant predictor. Open green spaces explained more of the variability in the PM10 elements than for PM2.5 elements, and population density was more important for PM2.5 elements than for PM10 elements. The PM2.5 and PM2.5Abs LUR models explained 67% and 82% of the variance, respectively, but the PM10 ...

This report investigated changes in pulmonary function, as well as the occurrence of symptoms, in potentially susceptible human subpopulations exposed to nitrogen dioxide. Drs. Morrow and Utell exposed healthy individuals and individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory infection to air or 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide. The exposure period

Land Use Regression (LUR) models have been used increasingly for modeling small-scale spatial variation in air pollution concentrations and estimating individual exposure for participants of cohort studies. Within the ESCAPE project, concentrations of PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10), and PM(coar …

In April 1979, measurements of nitrogen dioxide in the upper atmosphere were made near Soufriere Volcano by twilight optical-absorption techniques. The derived value of 5 x 1015 molecules per square centimeter column implies an enhancement of 25 percent over earlier abundances measured in the same latitudinal regions. This enhancement may represent the normal stratospheric variability of nitrogen dioxide in the equatorial region but in any case may be considered an upper limit to the volcanos effect on the total nitrogen dioxide abundance. ...

NO2 had no toxic effects. A reduced 15N-isotope ratio indicated incorporation of NO2 while nitrate reductase activity in leaves was stimulated. The two nitrogen sources had differential effects on water use efficiency (WUE): NO2 exposure increased long-term WUE; soil N supply decreased WUE; a result not detectable using growth and short-term gas exchange experiments. Plants benefited from airborne NO2, increasing CO2 assimilation rate and biomass; both N sources increased shoot production at the expense of root growth. NO2 exposure induced leaf formation with reduced stomatal density and increased leaf area ...

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In cases where the level of nitrogen dioxide in the air exceeds prescribed EU levels and EU countries do not apply to extend the deadline by which those target levels have to be achieved, national courts can take … any necessary measure to require authorities responsible for environment policies to take action to abide by those levels, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) said.. The CJEU was ruling in a case referred to it from the UK Supreme Court over a dispute between Defra and an environmental body.. ClientEarth took Defra to court after its draft plans to reduce pollution conceded that 16 air quality zones including Manchester, Birmingham and Glasgow would not comply with limits on the amount of nitrogen dioxide in the air in those areas until 2020. It would take until 2025 for pollution levels in London to come within the limits.. Defra did not apply to the European Commission for more time to conform to EU rules that set out the pollution limits.. The EUs Air Quality Directive ...

In a field as fluid as medicine, publishing a book is not enough. As comprehensive as it is, close reading should raise questions as well as answer them. That is why we have this website, and since that isnt enough either, we have also welcomed the chance to take part in social media, including the Arizona Food Allergy Alliance (AFAA) Facebook book club. One of their close readers asked a question that only makes us feel better about this expansive view of authorship and communication: In Asthma Allergies Children, you have written about indoor airborne irritants in Chapter 12 (pg. 249 in the ibook). When you write about gas stoves giving off nitrogen dioxide, are you referring to gas ranges for cooking, gas stoves for heating, or both?. Fair enough. Fortunately, the web also makes it easy to appear more knowledgeable than we really are. This is what it says on the EPA website.. The two most prevalent oxides of nitrogen are nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO). Both are toxic gases ...

Below 53ppb. High levels of Nitrogen Dioxide indoors is the result of outdoor NO2 entering your indoor environment as well as combustion sources inside the home / workplace. According to a study published in the Environmental Research journal, short-term exposure can irritate airways while long-term exposure can lead to chronic illness and respiratory infections with viruses7. Asthmatics may also experience longer symptomatic periods and increased medication use for children.. Examples of sources of nitrogen dioxide: Automobiles from attached garage or near a busy street, appliances with defective installations, gas stoves, kerosene heaters, chimneys, etc.. ...

The adsorption of nitrogen dioxide on gamma aluminium oxide (γ-Al2O3) and alpha iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) particle surfaces under various conditions of relative humidity, presence of molecular oxygen and UV light has been investigated. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to monitor the different surfac

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to tighten the one-hour standard for measuring emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), but not change the annual standard. The long-term exposure would remain at a maximum of 53 parts per million (0.053 ppm) while an acceptable short-term exposure limit would be between 80 and 100 ppm (0.08 - 0.10 ppm). The EPA believes NO2 exposure has been linked to respiratory problems. The primary man-made sources for NO2 are motor vehicles, coal-burning power plants and factories. In addition to reducing the one-hour standard, the EPA will require additional measuring devices be installed near city roadways where higher levels may be found. According to the EPA, ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide dropped 41 percent between 1980 and 2006. All areas of the country currently meet the existing primary annual air quality standard, according to EPA. The EPA is not proposing any additional actions at this time, such as further reducing auto emissions ...

Nitrogen dioxide, or NO2, is a brown, highly toxic gas that can be produced by the oxidation of nitrogen (for example, combustion reactions produce NO2 and other oxides of nitrogen, as some of the oxygen reacts with nitrogen in the air) and the reaction of concentrated nitric acid with some metals (examples include copper, silver, and magnesium). Even in extremely low concentrations, the slightest whiff of NO2 will have the same effect on your nasal cavity that Drano has on a clogged sink. Its odor doesn't have a 'flavor' to it, per se, but rather exists as a sharp burning sensation akin to the feeling of having a mixture of wasabi and fire ants shoved up one's nose. Nitrogen dioxide is not to be confused with nitrous oxide, which is more commonly known as laughing gas, and has the formula N2O. Confusing one for the other can often result in fatal consequences.

Article discusses nitrogen oxides (NOx), and focuses on the important nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide is considered the more toxic.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Oxidative damage by ozone and nitrogen dioxide. T2 - synergistic toxicity in vivo but no evidence of synergistic oxidative damage in an extracellular fluid.. AU - ONeill, C. A.. AU - van der Vliet, A.. AU - Eiserich, J. P.. AU - Last, Jerold A. AU - Halliwell, B.. AU - Cross, Carroll E. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - Inhalation of ozone (O3) and/or nitrogen dioxide (.NO2) is associated with the development of inflammation in the respiratory tract and various alterations in pulmonary functions. Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) represent the first biological fluids coming into contact with these inhaled toxicants. Using plasma as a surrogate for RTLFs, we have previously shown that O3 [Cross, Motchnik, Bruener, Jones, Kaur, Ames and Halliwell (1992) FEBS Lett. 298, 269-272] and .NO2 [Halliwell, Hu, Louie, Duvall, Tarkington, Motchnik and Cross (1992) FEBS Lett. 313, 62-66] are both capable of depleting antioxidants and damaging proteins and lipids. O3 particularly damages ...

With most lockdowns ending and economic activity resuming, levels of the air pollutant have returned to near normal for this time of year.

Levels of a key air pollutant have changed quite dramatically over the past decade, according to scientists who tracked data from NASAs Aura satellite.

[116 Pages Report] Check for Discount on United States Nitrogen Dioxide Sterilization Market Report 2016 report by QYResearch Group. Notes: Sales, means the sales volume of Nitrogen Dioxide Sterilization...

The pollutant concentrations on this web page are based on automatically polled data and have not undergone final verification ...

A new Special Collection of Science Advances papers will delve into how pandemics such as COVID-19 affect -- and are affected by -- global environmental conditions, underscoring the interconnectedness of

Urban parks play important role in providing social and ecosystem services; the improvement of air quality through the absorption of gaseous...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Anand SS, Vasudevan A, Gupta M, Morrison K, Kurpad A, Teo KK, et al. 2013. Rationale and design of South Asian Birth Cohort (START): a Canada-India collaborative study. BMC Public Health 13:79; doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-79.. Bansal N, Ayoola OO, Gemmell I, Vyas A, Koudsi A, Oldroyd J, et al. 2008. Effects of early growth on blood pressure of infants of British European and South Asian origin at one year of age: the Manchester childrens growth and vascular health study. J Hypertens 26:412-418.. Basu R, Harris M, Sie L, Malig B, Broadwin R, Green R. 2014. Effects of fine particulate matter and its constituents on low birth weight among full-term infants in California. Environ Res 128:42-51.. Beelen R, Hoek G, Vienneau D, Eeftens M, Dimakopoulou K, Pedeli X, et al. 2013. Development of NO2 and NOx land use regression models for estimating air pollution exposure in 36 study areas in Europe-the ESCAPE project. Atmos Environ 72:10-23.. Bell ML, Belanger K, Ebisu K, Gent JF, Lee HJ, Koutrakis P, et ...

Air quality in various parts of Chennai - PM 2.5, PM 1.0, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, particulate Matter in Kathivakkam, Manali, Thiruvottiyur, Kilpauk, Thiyagaraya Nagar, Nungambakkam, Anna Nagar and Adyar and measured by TNPCB.

The GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator (GCAS) was developed in support of NASAs decadal survey GEO-CAPE geostationary satellite mission. GCAS is an airborne pushbroom remote-sensing instrument, consisting of two channels which make hyperspectral measurements in the ultraviolet/visible (optimized for air quality observations) and the visible-near infrared (optimized for ocean color observations). The GCAS instrument participated in its first intensive field campaign during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign in Texas in September 2013. During this campaign, the instrument flew on a King Air B-200 aircraft during 21 flights on 11 days to make air quality observations over Houston, Texas. We present GCAS trace gas retrievals of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and formaldehyde (CH2 O), and compare these results with trace gas columns derived from coincident in ...

Proposed variation to the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure standards for ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide

Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is derived from oxidized nitrogen oxide (NO) and is generally a marker of combustion related air pollution, including power and chemical plants and traffic emissions. Adverse health effects may come from NO2 itself or its many secondary reaction products including ozone (O3).

The effect of nitrogen dioxide on aerosol formation might not sound like a particularly creative field of study-unless you study chemistry at Reed.. Chem major Danielle Draper 13 just won the coveted Class of 21 Award, recognizing exceptional creativity, initiative, and spontaneity, for her thesis, which looked at how nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emitted by vehicles affects the formation of aerosols, or tiny particles, in forests. It turns out that trees naturally emit gasses-like those responsible for the scent of spruce needles-that turn into aerosols in the atmosphere. Danielle wanted to know how that process was affected by manmade emissions--in other words, how humans are changing the natural flow of a forest. In particular, she investigated this reaction as it occured at night, under the cover of darkness.. To conduct her experiments, Danielle had to construct an atmospheric chamber, build a special computer model to study chemical kinetics, and analyze reams of data. Her findings were ...

Air Quality Meter Gasman-NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide . The Air Quality Meter Gasman-NO2 is a unique gas meter which protects against a specific gas, inflammable or toxic. The Air Quality Meter warns with a penetrating alarm and an optical signal (useful in case when there are loud noises in the

Objectives: Exposure to fine particles in urban air has been associated with a number of negative health effects. High levels of fine particles have been detected at underground stations in big cities. We investigated the exposure conditions in four occupational groups in the Stockholm underground train system to identify high-exposed groups and study variations in exposure.. Methods: PM1 and PM2.5 were measured during three full work shifts on 44 underground workers. Fluctuations in exposure were monitored by a real-time particle monitoring instrument, pDR, DataRAM. Qualitative analysis of particle content was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Nitrogen dioxide was measured using passive monitors.. Results: For all underground workers, the geometric mean (GM) of PM1 was 18 mu g/m(3) and of PM2.5 was 37 mu g/m(3). The particle exposure was highest for cleaners/platform workers, and the GM of PM1 was 31.6 mu g/m(3) [geometric standard deviation (GSD), 1.6] and of PM2.5 ...

Nitrogen dioxide definition, a reddish-brown, highly poisonous gas, NO 2 , used as an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric and sulfuric acids, and as a nitrating and oxidizing agent; a major air pollutant from the exhaust of internal combustion engines that are not fitted with pollution control devices. See more.

The UK Government, the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in Northern Ireland are seeking views on a revised Plan to reduce levels of nitrogen dioxide around roads within the shortest possible time - the most immediate air quality challenge.. ...

1810-2219 - Calibration Gas Nitrogen Dioxide 5ppm Balance Nitrogen 58 Liter GAL C-10 Inlet Cylinder (Made by Portagas) (No RFID tag)

The North Carolina Clean Air Act Section 110(l) Noninterference Demonstration for the Removal of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Emissions Control Requirements from Nitric Acid Manufacturing Plants

Aerodyne offers several state-of-the-art optical monitors based on the cavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS) technique. Our nitrogen dioxide monitors can be applied to ambient monitoring (ground, vehicle, or aircraft), medical inhalant purity monitoring (3 or 10 ppm range), stack gas monitoring, or combustion plume analysis.

At ems, we carry Nitrogen Dioxide SEI 0.5-125 ppm as part of our quality sampling & calibration offerings. Shop now or give us a call!

Read more about Recovery tracker: Workplace visits dip; nitrogen dioxide emissions down on Business-standard. Power generation holds steady compared to previous week

Signs and symptoms The diagnosis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) toxicity largely depends on the history of exposure. If possible, inquire about exposure and occupation.

Buy A Survey of Nitrogen Dioxide in the Sheffield Area in November - December 1987 Paperback by AEA Technology, Atkins D.H.F. ISBN: 9780705816304

Get the latest nitrogen dioxide sampling news on Environmental XPRT, the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource.

The effect of pressure and temperature on the equilibrium between nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide is demonstrated in this experiment.

Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; New York; Infrastructure SIP for the 2010 Nitrogen Dioxide Primary Standard, 25066-25074 [2014-09982]

We simulated commuter routes and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution during commute in a representative population sample in Basel (Switzerland), and evaluated three air pollution models with different spatial resolution for estimating commute exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a marker of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Our approach includes spatially and temporally resolved data on actual commuter routes, travel modes and three air pollution models. Annual mean NO2 commuter exposures were similar between models. However, we found more within-city and within-subject variability in annual mean (±SD) NO2 commuter exposure with a high resolution dispersion model (40 ± 7 µg m−3, range: 21-61) than with a dispersion model with a lower resolution (39 ± 5 µg m−3; range: 24-51), and a land use regression model (41 ± 5 µg m−3; range: 24-54). Highest median cumulative exposures were calculated along motorized transport and bicycle routes, and the lowest for

AMANCIO, C.T. and NASCIMENTO, L.F.C.. Association of sulfur dioxide exposure with circulatory system deaths in a medium-sized city in Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res [online]. 2012, vol.45, n.11, pp.1080-1085. Epub Aug 16, 2012 ISSN 1414-431X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500131.. There is a demonstrable association between exposure to air pollutants and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide on mortality due to circulatory diseases in individuals 50 years of age or older residing in São José dos Campos, SP. This was a time-series ecological study for the years 2003 to 2007 using information on deaths due to circulatory disease obtained from Datasus reports. Data on daily levels of pollutants, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone, temperature, and humidity were obtained from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency. Moving average models for 2 to 7 days were calculated by Poisson ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Association between nitrogen dioxide and heart rate variability in a susceptible population. AU - Chan, Chang Chuan. AU - Chuang, Kai Jen. AU - Su, Ta Chen. AU - Lin, Lian Yu. PY - 2005/12. Y1 - 2005/12. N2 - BACKGROUND: Panel studies have shown a consistent association between changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system with particulate matters (PM) but less with gaseous pollutants. This study examined the linkage between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and heart rate variability (HRV) in a susceptible population. METHODS: We recruited a panel of 83 patients from the National Taiwan University Hospital Cardiology Clinic to measure their 24-h HRV by ambulatory electrocardiography. Thirty-nine patients had coronary heart disease (CHD) and another 44 patients had more than one major CHD risk factor. Ambient concentrations of NO2, sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, and PM less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) at each participants close-by monitoring station were used to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Steady-state kinetics of the catalytic reduction of nitrogen dioxide by carbon monoxide on platinum. AU - Wickham, D. T.. AU - Koel, B. E.. PY - 1988/12. Y1 - 1988/12. N2 - The steady-state kinetics of the reduction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with carbon monoxide (CO) on a polycrystalline platinum foil have been investigated using reactant pressures between 1 × 10-7 and 5 × 10-6 Torr. At temperatures less than 400 K, the primary products formed are carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO). The CO2 formation rate at temperatures less than 400 K is at least an order of magnitude greater for this reaction than for those of either CO + O2 or CO + NO under similar reaction conditions. The reaction rate is first-order in CO pressure when PCO PNO2 , 0.25 and first-order in NO2 pressure when PCO PNO2 , 1. The activation energy when PCO PNO2 = 0.10 is 7.2 kcal mole-1 which is consistent with the activation energy for CO + O2 under similar conditions. However, when PCO PNO2 = 1.5, the ...

Electrospun polyaniline (PAni) fibers doped with different levels of (+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (HCSA) are fabricated and evaluated as chemiresistive gas sensors. The experimental results, based on both sensitivity and response time, show that doped PAni fibers are excellent ammonia sensors and that undoped PAni fibers are excellent nitrogen dioxide sensors. The fibers exhibit changes in measured resistances up to 60-fold for ammonia sensing, and more than five orders of magnitude for nitrogen dioxide sensing, with characteristic response times on the order of one minute in both cases. A time-dependent reaction-diffusion model is used to extract physical parameters from fitting experimental sensor data. The model is then used to illustrate the selection of optimal material design parameters for gas sensing by nanofibers ...

[115 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global Nitrogen Dioxide Sterilization Market Research Report 2016 report by QYResearch Group. Notes: Production, means the output of Nitrogen Dioxide Sterilization Revenue,...

Health effects of ambient air pollution were studied in three groups of schoolchildren living in areas (suburban, urban and urban-traffic) with different air pollution levels in EskiAYehir, Turkey. This study involved 1,880 students aged between 9 and 13 years from 16 public primary schools. This two-season study was conducted from January 2008 through March 2009. Symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and eczema were determined by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire in 2008. Two lung function tests were performed by each child for summer and winter seasons with simultaneous ambient air measurements of ozone (O-3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) by passive sampling. Effects of air pollution on impaired lung function and symptoms in schoolchildren were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Girls with impaired lung function (only for the summer season evaluation) were more observed in suburban and urban areas when compared to ...

WEDNESDAY, April 22, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Parts of Europe with consistently high levels of air pollution have higher COVID-19 death rates, a new study finds.. The study compared confirmed COVID-19 deaths with air quality data, including satellite readings of nitrogen dioxide air pollution.. Nitrogen dioxide damages the respiratory tract and is known to cause many types of respiratory and heart diseases, according to study author Yaron Ogen. Hes a postdoctoral researcher at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, in Germany.. Since the novel coronavirus also affects the respiratory tract, it is reasonable to assume that there might be a correlation between air pollution and the number of deaths from COVID-19, Ogen said.. For the study, Ogen compared the nitrogen dioxide pollution data with COVID-19 deaths in Italy, France, Spain and Germany. Regions with a high number of COVID-19 deaths had high levels of nitrogen dioxide and low levels of air movement.. When we look at Northern ...

Colorimetric, stain length, personal dosimeters operating by gas diffusion have been developed to determine worker exposure for up to an 8-h period for several inorganic airborne contaminants in the range of their threshold limit values. Length of stain, colorimetric dosimeters have been made for the detection of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in air. For each gas detection system, the sampler depends on the transfer of the gas by diffusion into a glass tube containing a colorimetric length of stain indicator. The stain length developed in a given period of time is compared to a calibration chart to determine, on the spot, the average gas concentration to which the dosimeter has been exposed. These dosimeters are known by the trade name Vapor Gard. ...

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OBJECTIVES: Motor vehicle exhaust fumes are the main source of atmospheric pollution in cities in industrialised countries. They cause respiratory disease and annoy people exposed to them. The relation between ambient exposure to air pollution mainly from motor vehicles and annoyance reactions in a general population was assessed. Also, the importance of factors such as age, sex, respiratory disease, access to the use of a car, and smoking habits on the reporting of these reactions was studied.. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent out in 55 urban areas in Sweden that had nearly identical air quality monitoring stations of the urban air monitoring network. From each area, 150 people aged 16-70 were randomly selected. The questionnaire contained questions on perception of air quality as well as a question on how often exhaust fumes were annoying.. RESULTS: Six-monthly nitrogen dioxide concentrations correlated consistently with the prevalence of reported annoyance related to air pollution and ...

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere. Ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States, America has had much trouble with environmental issues, air pollution in particular. According to a 2009 report, around 60 percent of Americans live in areas where air pollution has reached unhealthy levels that can make people sick. Pollution in the United States has plummeted in the recent decade, with pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide decreasing despite the fact the number of vehicles on the road isnt. This is due to better regulations, economic shifts, and technological innovations. With respect to nitrogen dioxide, NASA reported a 32% decrease in New York City and a 42% decrease in Atlanta between the periods of 2005-2007 and 2009-2011. Air pollution can cause a variety of health problems including, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A new model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in rats. AU - Last, Jerold A. AU - Gelzleichter, T. R.. AU - Pinkerton, Kent E. AU - Walker, R. M.. AU - Witschi, H.. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 6 h daily to 0.8 ppm of ozone and 14.4 ppm of nitrogen dioxide. Approximately 7 to 10 wk after the initiation of exposure, animals began to demonstrate respiratory insufficiency and severe weight loss. About half of the rats died between Days 55 and 78 of exposure; no overt ill effects were observed in animals exposed to filtered air, to ozone alone, or to nitrogen dioxide. Biochemical findings in animals exposed to ozone and nitrogen dioxide included increased lung content of DNA, protein, collagen, and elastin, which was about 300% higher than the control values. The collagen-specific crosslink hydroxypyridinium, a biomarker for mature collagen in the lung, was decreased by about 40%. These results are consistent with extensive breakdown and remodeling ...

Further analyses are showing the continued low levels of nitrogen dioxide concentrations across Europe - coinciding with lockdown measures implemented to stop the spread of the coronavirus. New data from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite, from the European Union Copernicus programme, show some cities seeing levels fall by 45-50% compared to the same period last year.. ...

Water bonds so strongly to the surface of this material that it. In addition, crops grown for bioethanol production absorb carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, in sharp contrast to the use of fossil fuels for harvesting energy.. The drinks is served with Nitrogen for extra smoothness. Usually, carbon dioxide is used to carbonate the beer. Here, we infuse Nitrogen in the beer to give it a creamy texture. At: Woodside Inn, Plot No. 126, Todi Building, ground and.. oxygen, or nitrogen. V CONCEPTUAL CHECKPOINT 12.2. When dry ice sublimes, what kind of forces are overcome? (a) chemical bonds between carbon atoms and oxygen atoms. (b) hydrogen bonds between carbon dioxide molecules. (c) dispersion forces between carbon dioxide molecules. (d) dipole- dipole forces.. Atoms can be held together by chemical bonds. When atoms form bonds. Diamond and graphite, two forms of carbon and compounds like silicon dioxide and silicon carbide are all covalent networks.. Molecules with mirror symmetry like ...

Numerous studies and laboratory experiments have shown that plants grown under higher carbon dioxide levels than at present do better - grow faster, bigger, use water more efficiently - than crops grown under atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This is hardly surprising since most plants, including the progenitors of modern crop varieties, evolved at times when carbon dioxide levels on earth were much higher than today.. In a recent study, scientists examined a different question, how do crops fare under conditions of lower carbon dioxide, particularly carbon dioxide levels experienced during the most recent ice age.. The study in Global Change Biology examines the effect of lower carbon dioxide levels on plant growth. The researchers grew one type of wheat, wild barley, and two types of millet from seed to harvest in a controlled environment under two carbon dioxide levels, 180 parts per million (ppm), the level of carbon dioxide during the last glacial maximum, and 270 ppm, corresponding to the ...

Natural News) As if the conflicting information and endless debates about climate change and carbon dioxide levels were not confusing enough, a new study has found that carbon dioxide levels were actually much lower than previously believed during the last warm period on the planet, illustrating just how difficult it is to make conclusive statements about the topic.. Earths early Eocene period, also known as the Super Greenhouse period, was commonly believed to have concentration levels of carbon dioxide of as much as 2,000 parts per million (ppm). However, Dartmouth College researchers have discovered that it could have been less than 1,000 ppm - a difference of half! This could also mean that carbon dioxide is not the primary driver of planetary warming events, as other factors now have stronger weight on the final result.. To put this in perspective, the levels of carbon dioxide that are currently observed at the Mauna Loa Observatory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ...

This report describes two pilot investigations for a longitudinal study of infants designed to determine if NO2 exposure from cooking stoves increases the incidence or severity of respiratory infections during the first 18 months of life. In the first study, Drs. Samet and Spengler selected 147 households with electric or gas stoves and infants for home indoor monitoring of

GLASGOW has been named as one of the 16 areas within the UK that is breaching air pollution limits. The European Commission has sent a final warning to several cities including London, Leeds and Birmingham who all exceeded the EUs nitrogen dioxide limits. Hope street was named as one of countrys most polluted streets as…

In many cities, air pollution from fine dust particles and nitrogen dioxide exceeds the maximum threshold levels, according to a new report from the Environment Ministry. EURACTIV Germany reports.

Background & Aims: There is on-going and growing concern regarding acute and chronic human health effects associated with exposure to combustion-related air pollutants. This thesis describes the development and evaluation of novel methods for assessing exposure to combustion-related air pollutants [particulate matter (PM),black carbon (BC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)] in indoor and outdoor environments.Methods: The methods that were developed and evaluated included: mass and darkness/colour analysis of airborne particle samples; passive samplers; portable real time monitors; and GC-MS analysis of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs). These methods were used to measure PM, BC and NO₂ in indoor offices and outdoor streets in Glasgow city centre, and an industrial hydraulic fracturing test site in Poland.Results: Detailed evaluation and calibration of novel methods for darkness measurement of low mass particulate material specimens collected on filters were completed to ...

Background: In December 1999, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of inhaled nitric oxide (INO) therapy to treat respiratory failure in infants and young children. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the potential for exposure to nitric oxide (NO) in health care workers treating these patients. The drug consists of a mixture of 0.8% NO and 99.2% nitrogen (N2) and is stor

Current evidence concerning the impact of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on adult respiratory morbidity mainly comes from cross-sectional studies. We sought to establish more robust measures of this association and potential gene-environment interactions using longitudinal data from an established cohort study.. Associations between measures of TRAP (nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and distance to major roads) and wheeze, asthma prevalence and lung function were investigated in participants of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study at 45- and 50-year follow-ups. Generalised estimating equations were used to quantify associations and the potential modifying effect of glutathione S-transferase gene variants.. Living ,200 m from a major road was associated with increased prevalence of current asthma and wheeze, and lower lung function. The association between living ,200 m from a major road and current asthma and wheeze was more marked for carriers of the GSTT1 null and GSTP1 val/val or ...

The development of a new concurrent multi-axis sky viewing spectrometer for monitoring rapidly changing urban concentrations of nitrogen dioxide is detailed. The concurrent multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (CMAX-DOAS) technique involves simultaneous spectral imaging of the zenith and off-axis measurements of spatially resolved scattered sun-light. Trace gas amounts are retrieved from the measured spectra using the established DOAS technique. The potential of the CMAX DOAS technique to derive information on rapidly changing concentrations and the spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide in an urban environment is demonstrated. Three example datasets are presented from measurements during 2004 of tropospheric NO2 over Leicester, UK (52.62 °N, 1.12 °W). The data demonstrates the current capabilities and future potential of the CMAX-DOAS method in terms of the ability to measure the real-time spatially disaggregated urban NO2 ...

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Noxilizers technical applications manager Evan Goulet, PhD, and senior vice president, research and development David Opie, PhD, present this guide.

Originally posted on Royal Society Te Apārangis Past and Future series where, as part of 150th anniversary celebrations, early career researchers are invited to share discoveries in their fields from days gone by or give us a glimpse into where their research may take us in the future. By Dr Lena Francesca Weissert, Research Fellow in Chemical Sciences at University … Read More ...

Today we note the innovative design of an umbrella that monitors carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, two of the main toxic air pollutants in many traffic-clogged cities. The idea which came from two students at the Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design is intended for use by the larger public to both collect data easily and then have it automatically shared via Wi-Fi for potential application in mapping urban pollution or making pollution levels known in near real-time ...

France has been fined €10m for failing to improve air pollution, the countrys highest administrative court has ordered. The demands referenced in the case go back to 2017 when the court ordered the country to put in place new parameters to reduce particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution…

Radu Motisan]s entry in the 2017 Hackaday Prize is a series of IoT Air Quality monitors, the City Air Quality project. According to [Radu], air pollution is the single largest environmental cause of premature death in urban Europe and transport is the main source. [Radu] has created a unit that can be deployed throughout a city and has sensors on it to report on the air quality.. The hardware has a laser light scattering sensor for particulate matter and 4 electromechanical sensors for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone (these sense the six parameters that are recognized as having significant health impact by multiple countries.) These sensors have2-yearear lifespan, so they are installed in sockets for easy replacement, and if needed, you can swap to different sensors to detect different things. The PCBs for the hardware are separated into a WiFi version and a LoRaWAN version and the software runs on an ATMega328 - the PCB has the standard six-pin ISP connection for ...

Theres striking new evidence that Earths atmosphere is increasingly saturated with carbon dioxide, the major gas from fossil fuel emissions that trigger climate change. The rise of carbon dioxide levels above 400 parts per million is an indicator that the problem of global warming is getting worse, not better, said Mark Z . Jacobson, a Stanford atmospheric scientist and environmental engineer, in an e-mail. Failure to convert will result in a growing risk of economic, social and political instability as warming and air pollution worsens while fossil-fuel prices rise.

They found that the study participants annual average daily PM 2.5 exposure ranged from 5 to 22.1 micrograms per cubic meter (mcg/m3) of air. A 10-point increase in PM 2.5 concentration was associated with a 15 percent higher risk of developing diabetes, and an 8 percent higher risk of death.. Globally, PM 2.5 contributed to about 3.2 million new cases of diabetes, and over 200,000 deaths from diabetes attributable to polluted air. They found the numbers varied among different geographies and was more heavily skewed towards low-income and lower-to-middle-income countries.. The authors point out several limitations to the study and note, our study focused on quantitating the burden of diabetes associated with PM 2.5 exposure, however, evaluation of the burden of diabetes associated with exposure to other pollutants including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and others should be undertaken in future research.. ...

Following three lost court cases (and counting) the Government published its latest Air Quality Plan in July to address the toxic levels of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in our towns and cities and get concentrations down to the legal limits, which should have been reached in 2010.. While air quality has been improving over the past few decades our understanding of the health impacts of pollution has improved and it is now understood the equivalent of some 40,000 deaths a year are attributable to poor outdoor air quality. Around a quarter of those deaths are in London and the health impacts in the capital alone amounts to some £3.7 billion a year. While there are no safe levels of pollutants, the one of most concern is NO2, which irritates the lungs and affects their development permanently in children. Children aged eight and nine living in areas with high air pollution have up to 10 per cent smaller lung capacity than normal.. The UKs poor air quality is not just an environmental or public health ...

Carbon Dioxide Emissions have reached a record high over the year of 2018. New outlets everywhere are covering the alarming reports. To find out more about why 2018 has promoted rising carbon dioxide levels than ever before, check out the following links.. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/12/05/carbon-dioxide-earths-atmosphere-soars-highest-level-millions-years/2215508002/. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/22/climate-heating-greenhouse-gases-at-record-levels-says-un. ...

Background: An association between air pollution and breast cancer risk has been suggested, but evidence is sparse and inconclusive.. Methods: We included 22,877 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort who were recruited in 1993 or 1999 and followed them for incidence of breast cancer (N = 1,145) until 2013 in the Danish Cancer Register. We estimated annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter ,2.5 μg/m3 (PM2.5) and ,10 μg/m3 (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at nurses residences since 1990 using an atmospheric chemistry transport model. We examined the association between the 3-year running mean of each pollutant and breast cancer incidence using a time-varying Cox regression.. Results: We found no association between breast cancer and PM2.5 (HR, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.10 per interquartile range of 3.3 μg/m3), PM10 (1.02; 0.94-1.10 per 2.9 μg/m3), or NO2 (0.99; 0.93-1.05 per 7.4 μg/m3).. Conclusions: Air pollution is not associated with breast cancer ...

Real-time levels and forecasts of Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), Ozone (O3) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Seddon, AL. The air quality report by Plume Labs.

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A senior scientist at NOAAs Global Monitoring Laboratory, Pieter Tans, said that if there had not been an economic slowdown, it would have been the highest increase on record. As things current stand, the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are at a point comparable to the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period, when the temperature was 7 degrees hotter and the sea level was roughly 78 feet higher than today ...

Carbon dioxide levels have risen so much in the last 150 years that plant pores, which plants effectively breathe through have decreased in size by up to 34%. As a result plants are restricted in the amount of water vapor that they release into the atmosphere.

Watch this video with Lawrence Harper to learn how the latest technologies from Anton Paar Ltd can be used to accurately measure and analyze liquids and other materials. The density sensors discussed here are frequently used to monitor the product quality of liquids online during production. The instruments enable concentrations such as %Brix, %Alcohol and carbon dioxide levels to be accurately measured. Interview filmed by SelectScience at the Leatherhead Food Research Food Innovation Day 2012.

At the end of last year, the EPA approved a little- noticed rule that will allow for the removal of near-road nitrogen dioxide monitors from the roads in mid-sized cities. While in recent weeks the...

The latest indicator update providing information on the state of New Zealands air, measuring four air pollutants: nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; sulphur dioxide; and ground-level ozone. Read more ...

1. 섙 론 삪얾단즼늏 1962녌 젖1찪 겾젖갢받 5갢녌 겾횊엔 딴랁 1962녌 욽삪공얾긷즼왃 1964녌 굯롟공단 졯섯읃 신자윸롟 욲릭낐랁읙 겾젖섯잜읙 웓돜련읺 됔얳 왙닧 (KICOX, 2017). 현잧 욲릭낐랁읙 삪얾단즼 현홨읃 삵펷볹멵 2019녌 1뵿긷 긷죿 저굯 17갢 궆엪엔 1,206갢읙 삪얾단즼각 졯섯됔얳 자윸멪, 저굯 샡삪럄읙 54.0%왃 수춙럄읙 51.3%릀 찪즼곟 자닧 (KICOX, 2019). 읺왃 갗읺 삪얾단즼늏 저렳핞 관릭욲였븼, 젖뵿읙 잧젖저 즼웓, 각종 귔젖엔 닾핞 닾읎읺 욧읺핞 잜젋윸롟 즛각핓였윸낐 홝겾저읺 츞멵엔섙늏 갢볂 젋 옢였웓드읺 몬엪 거닾 멵옢였웓읃 혐섯핓긷 땋묲엔 백춙웓 관릭읙 얳련웈읺 자닧. 트힉 닧양핞 홒핓묽짇드읃 젖졯, 각공 밐 샡삪핓늏 섙육홒핓단즼읙 겾욲 믺섺먽즼 (particulate matter less than 10 μm, PM10)왃 읺삪홒짇솈 (Nitrogen dioxide, NO2), 읺삪홒홨 (Sulfur dioxide, ...

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas. It is also known as laughing gas because it is known to make people laugh when it is given to medical patients to numb pain. The amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere has increased since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, as Earth s climate has gotten warmer.. Nitrous oxide forms during combustion, just like nitrogen dioxide, and is also released into the atmosphere from farm animals, sewage, and fertilizers. There are natural ways that nitrous oxide gets into the atmosphere too, including from tiny microbes that alter nitrogen in the soils of tropical forests. ...

Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA) confirmed that a CAZ covering the whole city region will be put before its constituent councils as soon as possible, and by summer 2021, with the zone expected to launch in spring 2022.. The 10 local authorities are under direction from central government to introduce a category C charging CAZ - including commercial and passenger vehicles but not private vehicles - to secure compliance with legal limits on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the shortest possible time, and by 2024 at the latest.. In the face of local opposition, the GMCA seized on comments by environment minister Rebecca Pow in December that only the most polluting older vehicles are charged in a Clean Air Zone, and it is not a congestion charge.. Green city-region lead Cllr Andrew Western said: Poor air quality affects us all but particularly the most vulnerable members of our society, and we must act to clean up the air we all breathe.. We did see brief, short term improvements in air ...

An estimated 4.0 million new pediatric asthma cases could be attributed to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution annually, according to a study published onl

On May 9, 2013 carbon dioxide levels were at the highest levels ever in record human history, according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Carbon dioxide levels crossed the 400ppm barrier, singling a dangerous precedent in our battle with climate change. Carbon dioxide levels are increasing at a steady pace and we are doing […]. Read more ... ...

The aim of this thesis was to investigate both the early and late effects of cigarette smoke and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and the potential dampening effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in animal models for COPD. Additionally, we investigated the role of the specific immune response in the inflammatory response in COPD, i.e. the involvement of B cells and regulatory T cells ...

WHITE PAPER Nitrogen Dioxide Biodecontamination: A New, Effective and Cost-saving Option for Biodecontaminating Syringe Tubs Prior to the Filling Line by David Opie, PhD; Maura O.Kahn (Noxilizer) INTRODUCTION The prefilled […]. ...