Purpose: : To investigate the reproducibility of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) measurements obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma patients both before and after a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including Goldmann applanation tonometry and pupillary dilation. To determine if pre-dilation RNFLT measurements differ from those obtained after dilation. Methods: : Prior to examination and prior to instillation of any topical medications, the Stratus OCT was used to perform three consecutive scans of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of both eyes using the 3.4 mm Fast RNFL protocol. The subjects were allowed a brief rest prior to being repositioned for repeat imaging. Subjects underwent a comprehensive examination including dilation of the pupils with tropicamide 1.0% and phenylephrine 2.5%. During slit-lamp biomicroscopy, the degree of lens opacification was graded using the lens opacities classification system (LOCS) III. After ...

DR PAWAR: Welcome to Cybersight live webinar. Im Dr. Neelam Pawar, pediatric ophthalmologist from Aravind Eye Hospital from India. And I will have some poll questions for you, and you can answer them instantly, and I will be very glad to answer any queries and questions at the end of my presentation. So I will be presenting on the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic nerve head parameters by spectral OCT and implications for pediatric ophthalmology. Now, the first poll question is: what is your current position? Pediatric ophthalmologist, comprehensive ophthalmologist, fellow or resident, medical student, ophthalmic technician, or allied health? Great. So most of you are comprehensive ophthalmologists. And in second position is pediatric ophthalmologists. A few are fellows and residents, and great to see that ophthalmic technicians are also there. In the literature, there are various studies on nerve fiber layer thickness and optic nerve head and macula in the pediatric population ...

Glaucoma is presumed to be an axonal disease which starts at the lamina cribrosa. This assumption has led to the monitoring of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for the diagnosis and monitoring of progression of glaucoma. However, varying disc size, myopia and tilted discs affect the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer. This study aims to ascertain the ration of the retinal nerve fiber layer against full retina as a predictor of glaucoma diagnosis and progression ...

Purpose: Central corneal thickness (CCT) has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development and progression of primary open angle glaucoma. No studies to date have evaluated the difference in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between eyes in patients with asymmetric CCTs. The aim of our study is to evaluate the difference in glaucomatous nerve damage between eyes in patients with asymmetric CCTs.. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study that included all patients seen by a single surgeon from July 1 to September 30, 2014 with a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma. Subjects with a history of keratoplasty, refractive surgery, or corneal pathology or surgery affecting CCT were excluded. Average retinal nerve fiber layer measurements were obtained with the Spectralis© Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT).. Results: 143 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 60 (41%) were male. The mean age was 67.2 years. Among patients with RNFL difference of more ...

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual sensitivity using scanning laser polarimetry with variable and enhanced corneal compensation.

Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness with Spectral Domain Oct in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Abstract.

PURPOSE: To present a technique of ocular sectioning that enables continuous histologic measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in a concentric ring around the optic disc, corresponding to similar regions measured by in vivo imaging techniques.. METHODS: Two pig eyes and two normal human eyes were processed using the umbrella technique, in which peripapillary concentric ring sections were obtained, at increasing diameters, all centered on the optic disc. Each histologic ring section contains a continuous circumferential 360 degrees retinal slice, oriented approximately perpendicular to the retinal surface. Every histologic slice contains each axon of the retina, sectioned perpendicular to each axons long axis and at an equal set distance from the disc margin.. RESULTS: Ring sections from pig and human eyes are presented and correlated to known RNFL anatomy. For the two human eyes, peripapillary RNFL thickness was quantified and plotted, resulting in the ...

Results RNFL thickness values, except for lower and upper nasal sectors, were thinner in the myopic eyes than in the hyperopic eyes. Average RNFL thickness and the RNFL thicknesses of the superotemporal, superonasal, inferotemporal and lower temporal sectors were significantly different between the myopic and emmetropic eyes, and average RNFL thickness and the RNFL thicknesses of the upper temporal and inferonasal sectors were significantly different between the hyperopic and emmetropic eyes. The average peripapillary RNFL thickness had a negative correlation with axial length (r=−0.741, p,0.001). However, after correction of the magnification effect, the significant differences disappeared.. ...

The Effect of Soft Contact Lenses During the Measurement of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Using Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: The genetic etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is still largely unknown, because of its complexity and disparities in its classification. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic contribution to various early, continuous markers of POAG by assessing the heritability of intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and neuroretinal rim and optic disc parameters in a genetically isolated population. METHODS: A total of 2620 subjects (mean age, 48 years; range 18-86) from extended pedigrees living in a small town in The Netherlands underwent an extensive ophthalmic examination. Their IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry, their RNFL thickness by scanning laser polarimetry (GDx VCC), and their optic disc parameters by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT II). Risk associations were explored by linear regression analyses and heritability estimates by variance component methods. RESULTS: Inbreeding was present in 2042 (81%)

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Histology of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Bundles and Bundle Defects. AU - Radius, Ronald L.. AU - Anderson, Douglas R.. PY - 1979/5. Y1 - 1979/5. N2 - The fiber bundle striations recognized clinically in normal monkey eyes appear to be bundles of axons compartmentalized within glial tunnels formed by Mullers-cell processes, when viewed histologically. The dark boundaries that separate individual bundles are the broadened foot endings of these cells near the inner surface of the retina. Within one week after focal retinal photocoagulation, characteristic fundus changes could be seen in experimental eyes. In histologic sections of the involved retina, there was marked cystic degeneration of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Within one month, atrophy of distal axon segments was complete. With the drop-out of damaged axons and thinning of individual fiber bundles, retinal striations became less prominent. The resulting fundus picture in these experimental eyes is similar to fiber ...

Aims To determine the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness at which visual field (VF) damage becomes detectable and associated with structural loss. Methods In a prospective cross-sectional study, 72 healthy and 40 glaucoma subjects (one eye per subject) recruited from an academic institution had VF examinations and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) optic disc cube scans (Humphrey field analyser and Cirrus HD-OCT, respectively). Comparison of global mean and sectoral RNFL thicknesses with VF threshold values showed a plateau of threshold values at high RNFL thicknesses and a sharp decrease at lower RNFL thicknesses. A broken stick statistical model was fitted to global and sectoral data to estimate the RNFL thickness tipping point where the VF threshold values become associated with the structural measurements. The slope for the association between structure and function was computed for data above and below the tipping point. Results The mean RNFL thickness ...

Results The median RNFL thickness in the group of vitrectomised eyes was significantly higher compared with control eyes at every visit. The analysis of variance showed that the median thickness in vitrectomised eyes differed between visits (F=4,3023; p=0.006). There was no time-related trend for RNFL thickness in this group. The analysis of variance of RNFL thickness in the fellow, unoperated eyes showed no difference between visits (F=2,3426; p=0.075).. ...

Skin biopsy has become a valuable tool in the evaluation of patients with small nerve fiber pathological changes [21]. Skin biopsy represents a well-established, safe, easy, and inexpensive method to quantify small sensory nerve fibers and autonomic nerve fibers in the skin [18]. In contrast, nerve conduction studies are not able to evaluate the function of small nerve fibers. Damage to small nerve fibers has recently been demonstrated in small samples of critically ill patients [29, 30]. Small fiber pathological change may play a role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, e.g., in neuropathic pain syndromes, which often become apparent after recovery from severe illness and after discharge from the ICU [23]. Although sensory problems like neuropathic pain, stocking/glove sensory loss, numbness and pallhypesthesia were evaluated in this study, the majority of patients were not able to report these reliably in the acute phase of sepsis. As neuropathic pain is a problem in the long-term follow up of ...

To compare the diagnostic performance of automated imaging for glaucoma.Prospective, direct comparison study.Adults with suspected glaucoma or ocular hypertension referred to hospital eye services in the United Kingdom.We evaluated 4 automated imaging test algorithms: the Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) glaucoma probability score (GPS), the HRT Moorfields regression analysis (MRA), scanning laser polarimetry (GDx enhanced corneal compensation; Glaucoma Diagnostics (GDx), Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) nerve fiber indicator (NFI), and Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT; Heidelberg Engineering) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) classification. We defined abnormal tests as an automated classification of outside normal limits for HRT and OCT or NFI ≥ 56 (GDx). We conducted a sensitivity analysis, using borderline abnormal image classifications. The reference standard was clinical diagnosis by a masked glaucoma expert including standardized

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between (i) thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head topography, and visual field parameters and (ii) corneal biomechanical properties in normal controls and patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 68 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, 99 eyes with ocular hypertension and 133 control eyes. Corneal biomechanical properties, optic nerve head topographic features, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and visual fields were assessed in all cases. Corneal biomechanical properties, retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses, and optic nerve head topographic features were compared among the groups. The associations between structural and functional measures of glaucomatous damage and corneal biomechanical factors were also evaluated. Results: Significantly lower corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor values were observed in the primary open-angle ...

Purpose: Scanning laser polarimetry using the GDxVCC was conducted on diabetic and non-diabetic subjects to determine if RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) thickness differed between these two cohort groups. Design: Prospective, comparative case series, pilot study Subjects: Forty-four diabetic and forty-two non-diabetic subjects. Methods: Subjects had a one-time office visit, consisting of visual acuities, pupil assessment, angle assessment, intraocular pressures, a GDxVCC scan, and a full fundus exam to determine if there were clinical findings of retinopathy present. Retinopathy was staged using the ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) protocol. Conclusion: The RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) in diabetic subjects was found to be statistically significantly thinner than the RNFL in non-diabetic subjects, but additional data collection is needed before conclusive results can be obtained.

Collaborative research, led by a team at the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK, has shown a clear association between a thinner retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and worse cognitive function in individuals without a neurodegenerative disease. The research claims to be the largest study of its kind conducted to date, and the first such study to identify that future decline in cognitive function may also be associated with a thinner RNFL in a large community-based cohort of participants. According to the researchers, the findings may have implications for the future research, prevention, and treatment of dementia. The research, which accessed data from 32,038 people in the UK, showed that a thinner RNFL was associated with worse cognitive performance on baseline assessment and that a multivariable regression analysis showed that those in the thinnest quintile of RNFL were 11% more likely to fail at least 1 cognitive test (95%CI, 2.0%-2.1%; P = .01). Follow-up cognitive tests on 1,251 ...

A Common Glaucoma-risk Variant of SIX6 Alters Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Disc Measures in a European Population: The EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

The present study did not provide evidence of RNFL thinning in patients with PD. However, VF defects were more frequent in PD patients compared to controls.. A number of previous studies [10-12], although not all [14-16], provided evidence of reduced RNFL thickness in PD patients. Inzelberg et al. [11] reported a reduction in the infero temporal RNFL thickness, which was topographically matched to the VF defects, in a subset of five patients with reliable VFs. A reduction in average RNFL thickness, macular thickness and volume was also reported in another study in PD patients [11]. Decreased RNFL thickness has also been suggested in PD patients examined with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [21]. Moschos et al. [12] reported reduced temporal and inferior RNFL thickness in PD patients compared to controls. However, in agreement with our results, mean RNFL thickness did not differ between the groups. In addition, OCT findings with spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) suggest a decreased thickness of the ...

Although the small-diameter primary afferent fibers in the skin promptly respond to nociceptive stimuli and convey sensory inputs to the central nervous system, the neural signatures that underpin the relationship between cutaneous afferent fibers and pain perception remain elusive. We combined skin biopsy at the lateral aspect of the distal leg, which is used to quantify cutaneous afferent fibers, with fMRI, which is used to assess brain responses and functional connectivity, to investigate the relationship between cutaneous sensory nerves and the corresponding pain perception in the brain after applying heat pain stimulation to the dorsum of the right foot in healthy subjects. During painful stimulation, the degree of cutaneous innervation, as measured by epidermal nerve fiber density, was correlated with individual blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals of the posterior insular cortex and of the thalamus, periaqueductal gray, and rostral ventromedial medulla. Pain perception was associated with

This study focuses on the use of Metanx® as the sole treatment for improving and reversing nerve damage in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. There will be two equal study groups enrolled in this randomized double blinded study. The minimum sample size of enrollment is 24 (12 per group), which is required for 90% power at alpha = .05. The maximum number of participants will be set at 100 (50 per group). Patients who are pre-diabetic or patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes type II for less than five years are included in this study. The control group will receive placebo pill twice daily versus the treatment group which will receive one Metanx® tablet twice daily. Each group will have intraepidermal nerve fiber densities obtained by skin biopsies taken at the beginning of the study before any treatment has begun as well as a final intraepidermal nerve skin biopsy at the end of twelve months to re-biopsy. In addition each group will answer three sets of questionnaires ...

After nerve damage or repeated stimulation, WDR (wide dynamic range) neurons experience a general increase in excitability.[5] This hyper-excitability can be caused by an increased neuronal response to a noxious stimulus (hyperalgesia), a larger neuronal receptive field, or spread of the hyper-excitability to other segments.[5] This condition is maintained by C fibers.[5] C fibers cause central sensitization of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord in response to their hyperactivity.[5] The mechanism underlying this phenomenon involves the release of glutamate by these pathologically sensitized C fibers.[5] The glutamate interacts with the postsynaptic NMDA receptors, which aids the sensitization of the dorsal horn.[5] Presynaptic neuronal voltage-gated N-calcium channels are largely responsible for the release of this glutamate as well as the neuropeptide, substance P.[5] The expression of presynaptic neuronal voltage-gated N-calcium channels increases after a nerve lesion or repeated ...

Methods Evaluation of the corneal nerve fibre density using CCM in six women with non-length-dependent SFN. The patients were characterised by sensory disturbance involving proximal regions of the limbs, face and trunks, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the findings of decreased intraepidermal nerve fibre density on skin biopsy. ...

Dentate granule cells become synaptically interconnected in the hippocampus of persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, forming a recurrent mossy fiber pathway. This pathway may contribute to the development and propagation of seizures. The physiology of mossy fiber-granule cell synapses is difficult to …

We dont have very precise tools to evaluate the way the nervous system functions. We have electrophysiological studies like EMG and nerve conduction velocity assessments, but theyre often negative in people who have widespread or other localized pain complaints, and people have been told that that means that theres nothing wrong with them. But whats been underappreciated is that an EMG or nerve conduction velocity test only measures the largest nerve fibers and not the small fibers. Small fibers, meaning weakly or unmyelinated nerve fibers, are the ones that control pain or transmit pain information. The large nerve fibers dont. So for years, weve been addressing painful disorders with a tool that doesnt measure the nerve fiber types that are involved in pain processing.. Its been demonstrated in a wide variety of chronic painful conditions, that the major pathological state is the reduction of nerve fiber density in the skin of individuals who have chronic widespread complaints. Weve ...

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The Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density (ENFD) test is an objective method of documenting small fiber peripheral neuropathy by quantifying the terminal branches of peripheral nerves within the epidermis. The test is highly specific and sufficiently sensitive with 97% of accuracy rate. The test is recommended to perform when patients experience the following symptoms: pain and abnormal sensation (burning, prickling, shooting), as well as numbness, tightness, coldness in foot/ankle areas.. The common causes of small fiber peripheral neuropathy are: diabetes, types I & II; HIV; vibratory trauma; amyloidosis / monoclonal gammopathy; alcohol abuse; pharmacologic toxins (metronidazole); solvent exposure, and idiopathic neuropathy, when the cause cant be determined, once thought to represent as much as half of all cases.. The ENFD test can also be used to predict the small nerve fiber peripheral neuropathy.. A small 3×3 mm skin biopsy is used for providing diagnostic information on small nerve fibers. The ...

Glaucomatous damage to the RNFL usually precedes detectable visual field loss; clinical assessment of RNFL optical properties has been valuable in diagnosis of glaucoma and other neuropathic diseases. In this dissertation, we aimed to improve the understanding of the changes of RNFL reflectance and its underlying ultrastructure under the development of glaucoma. We used simultaneous immunohistochemical labeling and both en face and in-depth confocal imaging to study axonal cytoskeletal alteration of F-actin, MTs and NFs across the retina in the context of glaucoma. We have found that alteration of each cytoskeletal components is different from each other, and different degree of RNFL change could happen in the same retina. These findings help to understand selective damage mechanisms of human glaucoma. We proposed a new method to classify RGCs based on the content of each cytoskeletal component in axons, and investigated the cytoskeletal distribution across the retina. We have discovered axonal subtypes

Glaucoma Diagnostic Accuracy of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness: Comparison with Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Nerve Head

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RESULTS. The mfVEP amplitude responses (measure of nerve loss) showed abnormal cluster visual field defects in 48.3% of the CIS eyes, while mfVEP latency (measure of demyelination) analysis showed significant delays in 20.7%. OCT average RNFLT (retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. surrogate measure of optic nerve loss) was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P = 0.02). Significant differences between CIS eyes with abnormal and normal mfVEP latencies were found for the OCT RNFLT (P , 0.001) with a longer latency being linked to more severe axonal damage (More demyelination is associated with more nerve loss = more severe disease). OCT average RNFLT was found to be independent predictor of clinically definitive MS diagnosis at twelve months. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Age and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.. AU - Lee, Jong Yeon. AU - Hwang, Young Hoon. AU - Lee, Sun Min. AU - Kim, Yong Yeon. PY - 2012/6/1. Y1 - 2012/6/1. N2 - To evaluate the association between age and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by Cirrus high-definition (HD) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy Korean subjects. A total of 302 eyes from 155 healthy Korean subjects (age range, 20 to 79 years) underwent RNFL thickness measurements using the Cirrus HD-OCT. Average, quadrant, and clock-hour RNFL thickness parameters were analyzed in terms of age using linear mixed effect models. Average RNFL demonstrated a slope of -2.1 μm per decade of age (p , 0.001). In quadrant analysis, superior (-3.4 μm/decade, p , 0.001) and inferior (-2.9 μm/decade, p , 0.001) quadrants showed steeper slopes, whereas temporal (-1.1 μm/decade, p , 0.001) and nasal (-1.0 ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in glaucomatous Nepalese eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and study its relationship with visual field sensitivity. METHODS: A total of 120 eyes comprising primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma suspects (GS), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and healthy subjects (n=30 cases in each group) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including optic nerve head (ONH) evaluation and standard automated perimetry (SAP). RNFL thickness measurements around the optic disk were taken with circular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison of RNFL parameters among various study groups. The relationship of RNFL parameters with visual field (VF) global indices was evaluated with regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean pRNFL thickness was significantly less in the POAG (64.30±14.45μm, p,0.01), NTG (85.43±9.79μm, ...

We investigated structural injury patterns in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (p-RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) caused by ethambutol treatment. Sixty-four patients undergoing ethambutol treatment at Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital were recruited. Fourteen (14) exhibited visual dysfunction (abnormal group), and the remaining 50 had no visual dysfunction (subclinical group). The thickness of the p-RNFL, total macular retina layer and GCIPL were measured using Cirrus-HD Optical coherence tomography (Cirrus-HD OCT, Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography), and compared with 60 healthy, age-matched controls. The p-RNFL thickness was similar in both subclinical and control groups. When compared with the control group, p-RNFL thickness in the abnormal group was significantly increased in the inferior and superior quadrants (GEE, P = 0.040, P = 0.010 respectively). In contrast with the subclinical group, p-RNFL thickness in the

We analyzed the correlation of the clinical data with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness in bipolar disorder patients and major depression patients. The aim of this study is to explore factors that affect RNFL thickness in bipolar disorder patients and major depression patients, with a view to providing a new diagnostic strategy. Eighty-two bipolar disorder patients, 35 major depression patients and 274 people who were age and gender matched with the patients were enrolled. Demographic information and metabolic profile of all participants were collected. Best-corrected visual acuity of each eye, intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus examination was performed. RNFL and macular thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Correlations between RNFL and macular thickness and other data were analyzed. RNFL and macula lutea in bipolar dipolar patients and major depression patients are thinner than normal people. Triglyceride and UA levels are the highest in the

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Diagnostic capability of 3d peripapillary retinal volume for glaucoma using optical coherence tomography customized software. AU - Liu, Yingna. AU - Jassim, Firas. AU - Braaf, Boy. AU - Khoueir, Ziad. AU - Poon, Linda Yi Chieh. AU - Ben-David, Geulah S.. AU - Papadogeorgou, Georgia. AU - Tsikata, Edem. AU - Simavli, Huseyin. AU - Que, Christian. AU - Lee, Ramon. AU - Shieh, Eric. AU - Vakoc, Benjamin J.. AU - Bouma, Brett E.. AU - De Boer, Johannes F.. AU - Chen, Teresa C.. PY - 2019/8. Y1 - 2019/8. N2 - Précis:The diagnostic capability of peripapillary retinal volume is similar to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diagnosing glaucoma, but with fewer artifacts.Purpose:To compare the diagnostic capability of 3-dimensional peripapillary retinal volume (RV) versus 2-dimensional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for open-angle glaucoma.Patients and Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted. A total of 180 subjects (113 ...

Aim The aim of this study was to measure retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) complex thickness with Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Egyptian multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and to correlate the OCT findings with the visual functions and neurological conditions. Patients and methods This study design was a cross-sectional one. A total of 40 eyes of 22 MS patients diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: optic neuritis less than 6 months ago; best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than 0.5; intraocular pressure more than 21 mmHg; cup-to-disc ratio more than 0.5; myopia more than 5 D; and eyes with other ocular or central nervous system diseases. All patients were subjected to the following: full history taking; complete ophthalmic examination, including visual functions (BCVA, color vision, and contrast sensitivity), intraocular pressure, and anterior and posterior segment examination; ...

PubMed journal article: Optic disc hemorrhage may be associated with retinal nerve fiber loss in otherwise normal eyes. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android

TY - JOUR. T1 - Retinal Nerve Fiber Structure versus Visual Field Function in Patients with Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. A Test of a Linear Model. AU - Hood, Donald C.. AU - Anderson, Susan. AU - Rouleau, Jacinthe. AU - Wenick, Adam S.. AU - Grover, Larissa K.. AU - Behrens, Myles M.. AU - Odel, Jeffrey G.. AU - Lee, Andrew G.. AU - Kardon, Randy H.. PY - 2008/5. Y1 - 2008/5. N2 - Purpose: To test a linear model relating the regional loss in retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness to the corresponding regional loss in sensitivity with data from patients with previous anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). Design: Case-control study. Participants: Twenty-four individuals with AION and 20 with normal vision were tested. The time since the AION attack ranged from 5.2 months to more than 20.3 years (median, 2.95 years). Methods: Eyes were tested with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and with optical coherence tomography (OCT), both RNFL thickness scans. The average RNFL thickness of the inferior ...

Small nerve fiber quantification in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: Comparing corneal confocal microscopy with intraepidermal nerve fiber density Academic Article ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Factors affecting image acquisition during scanning laser polarimetry. AU - Hoh, Sek Tien. AU - Greenfield, David S.. AU - Liebmann, Jeffrey M.. AU - Maw, Richard. AU - Ishikawa, Hiroshi. AU - Chew, Sek Jin. AU - Ritch, Robert. PY - 1998/7/1. Y1 - 1998/7/1. N2 - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To illustrate artifacts that may be encountered during measurement of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using scanning laser polarimetry (SLP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 426 patients with a variety of ocular diagnoses underwent RNFL measurements using SLP from June 1996 to April 1997. Scanning was performed by two operators whose reproducibility of measurements had been previously validated. Images were selected to illustrate clinical features that adversely affected measurement of the thickness of the RNFL. RESULTS: Image acquisition was difficult in eyes with corneal grafts or edema, keratic precipitates, anterior uveitis, posterior subcapsular cataract, vitreous opacity ...

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PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

Introduction: The optical coherence tomography (OCT) is part of the detection and monitoring of many retinal and optic nerve diseases. Our study aims to create a normativ..

OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). ISEC employs the Carl Zeiss Meditec Stratus OCT for detailed cross sectional imaging of the eye. The OCT incorporates optical coherence tomography technology to provide comprehensive imaging and measurement of glaucoma and retinal disease. Currently, Stratus OCT is the gold standard in vivo imaging device for the posterior segment and offers proven reproducibility for disease management.. The Stratus OCT provides real-time cross-sectional images and quantitative analysis of retinal features to optimize the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal disease and for enhanced pre- and post-therapy assessment. The device is beneficial for evaluation of cataract patients, pre- and post-operatively, and for the assessment of early signs of glaucoma and glaucomatous change.. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) Analysis. Circular scans around the optic nerve head capture RNFL measurement of the peripapillary region. Analyses provide comparison of measurements to a normative ...

Visual defects of glaucoma have been associated with retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) defects, which can be detected as color and texture difference compared to normal NFL using photographs of NFL. Frequently these defects are asymmetric. A large defect exists in one eye while the other eye maintains its normal features. These evaluations of NFL defects, however, are subjective and two-dimensional. We have quantitated NFL thickness using photogrammetry and have measured its asymmetry in the eyes of human subjects ...

Purpose: To identify and compare possible changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after 3 months of positive airway pressure (PAP) in patients with severe OS...

MD- mean deviation, CPSD- corrected pattern standard deviation, CSM- cup shape measure, RNFLT- retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, CDAR- cup disc area ratio, PSD- pattern standard devation. (± 3.99) dB. Only three eyes (2.5%) had MD worse than - 12dB. In previous studies mean MD ranged from - 6 to - 10 Db [18, 19, 22] with a higher percentage of glaucoma patients with MD worse than - 20 dB (11.5%, [18] 7.5% [22].. In our study we had 65 eyes with mild glaucomatous damage (MD > -6 dB), which means maximum patients had early glaucomatous changes and we found statistically significant correlations between HRT II and visual fields (strongest correlation between PSD and rim area). This suggests that this parameter (rim area) may be studied in detail to diagnose preperimetric glaucoma.. From the scatter plots, we noticed that advanced glaucoma patients had a large influence on the relation between topographic parameters and visual field indices. Since our study had only three advanced glaucoma ...

The corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) is a network of thin, unmyelinated nerve fibers located between the basal epithelium and the Bowmans membrane. Both corneal and systemic diseases such as keratoconus and diabetic can alter the nerve fiber density, thickness and tortuosity. Recent developments of cellular resolution OCT technology allowed for in-vivo visualization and mapping of the corneal SNP. We have developed a fully automated algorithm for segmentation of corneal nerves. The performance of the algorithm was tested on a series of enface UHR-OCT images acquired in-vivo from healthy human subjects. The proposed algorithm traces most of the sub-basal corneal nerves correctly. The achieved processing time and tracing quality are the major advantages of the proposed method. Results show the potential application of proposed method for nerve analysis and morphometric quantification of human sub-basal corneal nerves which is an important tool in corneal related diseases ...

Objective: To compare the neuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) determined by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT).. Methods: Patients with peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause were prescribed OGTT. Duration of neuropathic symptoms, neuropathic pain, neuropathy classification, nerve conduction test results, and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFD) were compared between IGT and DM groups.. Results: Seventy-three patients completed OGTT; 41 (56%) had abnormal results. Of these 41 patients, 26 had IGT and 15 had DM. Patients with IGT had less severe neuropathy than patients with diabetes, as measured by sural nerve amplitudes (p = 0.056), sural nerve conduction velocities (p = 0.03), and distal leg IENFD (p = 0.01). Patients with IGT had predominantly small fiber neuropathy, compared to patients with DM (p = 0.05), who had more involvement of large nerve fibers.. Conclusions: The neuropathy associated with IGT is milder than the neuropathy ...

RESULTS: The mean VD (ratio) at the SRL and DRL was statistically significantly lower in patients with POAG (SRL, p,0.001; DRL, p,0.001). In the SRL, the mean±SD VD ratio was 0.34±0.05 in patients with POAG and 0.40±0.02 in normal individuals (p,0.001). In the DRL, the mean (SD) ratio was 0.37±0.05 in patients with POAG and 0.43±0.02 in normal individuals (p,0.001). The mean VD at the SRL was significantly correlated with ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (r=0.42, p=0.04) but not with visual field mean deviation (r=0.4, p=0.06) and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (r=0.5, p=0.06). The mean VD at the DRL did not show significant correlation with any other glaucoma parameter (p,0.05 ...

Authors: Gharbiya, Magda , Trebbastoni, Alessandro , Parisi, Francesco , Manganiello, Silvia , Cruciani, Filippo , DAntonio, Fabrizia , De Vico, Umberto , Imbriano, Letizia , Campanelli, Alessandra , De Lena, Carlo Article Type: Research Article Abstract: Background: The involvement of retina and its vasculature has been recently described in Alzheimers disease (AD). However, none of the previous works have yet investigated the choroid in vivo. Objective: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique is non-invasively used to assess choroidal thickness in patients with AD and to determine whether the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and central retinal thickness are reduced compared to normal subjects. Methods: Forty-two eyes of 21 patients (mean age, 73.1 ± 6.9 years) with a diagnosis of mild to moderate AD and 42 eyes of 21 age-matched …control subjects (mean age, 70.3 ± 7.3 years) were included in this prospective, ...

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The retina lies in the back of the eye and is a multi-layered tissue which detects visual images. These images are transmitted to the brain through approximately 1 million tiny nerve fibers. These nerve fibers converge in the back of the eye, before going to the brain, into a bundle called the optic nerve. If some or all of the nerve fibers are damaged, visual capability deteriorates.. When the optic nerve becomes inflamed, this condition is called optic neuritis. The nerve tissue becomes swollen and red, and the nerve fibers do not work properly. If many of the nerve fibers are involved, the vision may be dramatically affected, but if the optic neuritis is mild, vision is nearly normal. Optic neuritis can be caused by other diseases and conditions and may affect the optic nerve of one or both eyes.. Some people, especially children, develop optic neuritis following a viral illness such as mumps, measles, or a cold. In others, optic neuritis may occur as a sign of a more serious neurological ...

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Chen, Xin and Graham, Jim and Dabbah, Mohammad and Petropoulos, Ioannis N. and Ponirakis, Georgis and Asghar, Omar and Alam, Uazman and Marshall, Andrew and Fadavi, Hassan and Ferdousi, Maryam and Azmir, Shazli and Tavakoli, Mitra and Efron, Nathan and Jeziorska, Maria and Malik, Rayaz (2015) Small nerve fibre quantification in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: comparing corneal confocal microscopy with intraepidermal nerve fibre density. Diabetes Care, 38 (6). pp. 1138-1144. ISSN 1935-5548 ...

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