The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is a popular barcode marker for fungi and in particular the ITS1 has been widely used for the anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota). A good number of validated reference sequences of isolates as well as a large number of environmental sequences are available in public databases. Its highly variable nature predisposes the ITS1 for low level phylogenetics; however, it complicates the establishment of reproducible alignments and the reconstruction of stable phylogenetic trees at higher taxonomic levels (genus and above). Here, we overcame these problems by proposing a common core secondary structure of the ITS1 of the anaerobic fungi employing a Hidden Markov Model-based ITS1 sequence annotation and a helix-wise folding approach. We integrated the additional structural information into phylogenetic analyses and present for the first time an automated sequence-structure-based taxonomy of the ITS1 of the anaerobic fungi. The methodology developed is transferable

We report on the isolation of the previously uncultured Neocallimastigomycota SK4 lineage by two independent research groups from a wild aoudad sheep rumen sample (Texas, USA) and an alpaca fecal sample (Baden-Württemberg, Germany). Isolates from both locations showed near identical morphological and microscopic features, forming medium-sized white filamentous colonies with a white center of sporangia on agar roll tubes and a heavy biofilm in liquid media. Microscopic analysis revealed monocentric thalli, and spherical polyflagellated zoospores with 7–20 flagella. Zoospore release occurred through an apical pore as well as by sporangial wall rupturing, a duality that is unique amongst described AGF strains. Isolates were capable of growing on a wide range of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides substrates. Phylogenetic assessment based on the D1-D2 large rRNA subunit (D1-D2 LSU) and internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) regions demonstrated high sequence identity (minimum identity of 99.07% and

The 9th Senior and 8th Junior Gulf Countries Confederation (GCC) Weightlifting Championships were successfully held over the weekend in Fujairah, UAE.Six countries (BRN, KSA, KUW, OMA, QAT and UAE) entered 65...

Issue is whether husbands recreational vehicle business should have been valued at book value because it is high-risk in view of the uncertain future of gasoline supply ...

At the recent ISAM-9 symposium there was much interest in anaerobic fungi across a range of applications from novel metabolite production, biogas production, methane mitigation and bio-remediation. There was also an informal network get together organised at the conference (big thank you Tony Callaghan!) where a variety of different anaerobic fungal interests and topics were…

Phylogenetic composition of (A) anaerobic fungi and (B) Methanogenic Archaea based on study group and diet. Sample identifiers are same as used in Figure 1.

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