TY - JOUR. T1 - Neck muscle fatigue and postural control in patients with whiplash injury. AU - Stapley, Paul J.. AU - Beretta, Maria Vittoria. AU - Toffola, Elena Dalla. AU - Schieppati, Marco. PY - 2006/3. Y1 - 2006/3. N2 - Objectives: To examine if patients with whiplash injury show identifiable increases in neck muscle fatigability and associated increase in postural body sway after contractions of dorsal neck muscles, and if physiotherapy treatment reduces these effects. Methods: Sway was measured during stance in 13 patients before and after 5 min of isometric dorsal neck muscle contractions and after recovery, pre- and post-physiotherapy, using a force platform. Amplitude and median frequency of neck muscle EMG were calculated during the contracting period. After each stance trial, patients gave a subjective score of sway. Results: Pre-treatment, seven patients showed EMG signs of fatigue (increases in amplitude, decreases in median frequency) and increases in sway (eyes closed) after ...

The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately superior to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It is a pharyngeal muscle (derived from the first pharyngeal arch) and classified as one of the suprahyoid muscles. Together, the paired mylohyoid muscles form a muscular floor for the oral cavity of the mouth.[3] The two mylohyoid muscles arise from the mandible at the mylohyoid line, which extends from the mandibular symphysis in front to the last molar tooth behind. The posterior fibers pass inferomedially and insert at anterior surface of the hyoid bone. The medial fibres of the two mylohyoid muscles unite in a midline raphe (where the two muscles intermesh).[4] The mylohyoid muscle separates the sublingual space from the submandibular space, which communicate via a lateral gap between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles at the posterior free margin of mylohyoid muscle.[5] The submandibular gland wraps around the edges of the mylohyoid, and is divided into ...

The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. ...

It arises from the lower half of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebrae. The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and laterally and are inserted, under cover of the sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The splenius capitis is deep to sternocleidomastoideus at the mastoid process, and to the trapezius for its lower portion. It is one of the muscles that forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck. The splenius capitis muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3 and C4. ...

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of the ultrasound-based method of speckle tracking analysis to detect changes in multilayered dorsal neck muscle activity induced by performing a lifting task. Subjects: Twenty-one healthy individuals. Design: Participants performed a loaded lifting task in 3 different postural orientations of the neck (neutral, flexed and forward head posture). Ultrasound images were recorded and speckle tracking analysis was used to quantify muscle deformation and deformation rate over 3 equal time-periods during the lifting sequence (rest, mid-lift and end-lift). Results: Significant main effects of postural orientation for the deformation measure (p,0.05) and time for the deformation rate measure (p,0.05) were observed in all dorsal muscles examined. Significant time by postural interactions for the deformation measure were observed in the trapezius, semispinalis cervicis and multifidus (p,0.05) and in the semispinalis cervicis (p,0.05) for the deformation rate measure. ...

Purpose. The aim of the study was to compare myoelectric manifestation in neck muscle endurance and fatigue characteristics during sub-maximal isometric endurance test in patients with cervical radiculopathy and asymptomatic subjects. An additional aim was to explore associations between primary neck muscle endurance, myoelectric fatigability, and self-rated levels of fatigue, pain and subjective health measurements in patients with cervical radiculopathy.. Methods. Muscle fatigue in the ventral and dorsal neck muscles was assessed in patients with cervical radiculopathy and in an asymptomatic group during an isometric neck muscle endurance test in prone and supine. 46 patients and 34 asymptomatic subjects participated. Surface electromyography signals were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid, cervical paraspinal muscles and upper and middle trapezius bilaterally during the endurance test. Subjective health measurements were assessed with questionnaires.. Results. The results showed altered ...

OBJECTIVE: To show that neck proprioceptive input can induce long-term effects on vestibular-dependent self-motion perception. METHODS: Motion perception was assessed by measuring the subjects error in tracking in the dark the remembered position of a fixed target during whole-body yaw asymmetric rotation of a supporting platform, consisting in a fast rightward half-cycle and a slow leftward half-cycle returning the subject to the initial position. Neck muscles were relaxed or voluntarily contracted, and/or vibrated. Whole-body rotation was administered during or at various intervals after the vibration train. The tracking position error (TPE) at the end of the platform rotation was measured during and after the muscle conditioning maneuvers. RESULTS: Neck input produced immediate and sustained changes in the vestibular perceptual response to whole-body rotation. Vibration of the left sterno-cleido-mastoideus (SCM) or right splenius capitis (SC) or isometric neck muscle effort to rotate the ...

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Semispinalis capitis muscle aka Musculus semispinalis capitis in the latin terminology and part of overview of the intrinsic muscles of the back. Learn more now!

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The vestibular system is a sensory motor system concerned with the sensation of linear or angular acceleration, eliciting several vestibular postural reflexes. This study was designed to figure out the functional relationship in vestibulocollic reflex. The electromyographic responses of the cervical muscles were observed during stimulation of the horizontal semicircular canal nerves. The sternomastoid muscle was inhibited by stimulation of the ipsilateral horizontal canal nerve and excited by stimulation of the contralateral horizontal canal nerve. The splenius capitis muscle was inhibited by stimulation of the ipsilateral horizontal canal nerve and excited by stimulation of the contralateral canal nerve. The semispinalis capitis revealed same pattern responses as splenius capitis or sternomastoid muscles to stimulation of the horizontal canal nerve. These experimental results indicate that the cervical extensor or flexor muscles respond in a uniform fashion to the stimulated horizontal canal ...

Objective: ViVA OpenHBM is the first open source Human Body Model (HBM) for crash safety assessment. It represents an average size (50th percentile) female and was created to assess whiplash protection systems in a car. To increase the biofidelity of the current model, further enhancements are being made by implementing muscle reflex response capabilities as cervical muscles alter the head and neck kinematics of the occupant during low-speed rear crashes. The objective of this study was to assess how different neck muscle activation control strategies affect head-neck kinematics in low speed rear impacts.. Methods: The VIVA OpenHBM head-neck model, previously validated to PMHS data, was used for this study. To represent the 34 cervical muscles, 129 beam elements with Hill-type material models were used. Two different muscle activation control strategies were implemented: a control strategy to mimic neural feedback from the vestibular system and a control strategy to represent displacement ...

Background: Anterior forms of cervical dystonia are considered to be the most difficult to treat because of the deep cervical muscles that can be involved.. Case Report: We report the case of a woman with cervical dystonia who presented with anterior sagittal shift, which required injections through the longus colli muscle to obtain a satisfactory outcome. The approach via the thyroid gland was chosen.. Discussion: The longus colli muscle can be injected under electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), or endoscopy guidance. We recommend using both ultrasonography and electromyography guidance as excellent complementary techniques for injection at the C5-C6 level.. Keywords: Anterior sagittal shift, longus colli, thyroid gland, sonography, electromyography. Citation: Tyślerowicz M, Jost WH. Injection into the longus colli muscle via the thyroid gland. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2019; 9. doi: 10.7916/tohm.v0.718. ...

We found that in healthy elderly men, preservation of whole brain volume was associated with larger total neck muscle cross-sectional area. Therefore in an elderly cohort, those that have a smaller muscle bulk have undergone more brain atrophy. This finding supports the common cause hypothesis, by demonstrating that the rate of sarcopenia and ARCD may occur in parallel within individuals, driven by core underlying biological processes. However, we found no significant association between total neck muscle CSA and ventricular volume (a different measure of brain atrophy), or hippocampal or cerebellar volumes.. We unexpectedly found that total neck muscle CSA was significantly negatively associated with estimated prior cognitive ability (NART) after adjustment for ICA and age, but we found no significant association between total neck muscle CSA and current cognitive abilities. This suggests that those with lower prior cognitive ability may have larger muscles in old age. Muscle mass in old age is ...

Other articles where Sternocleidomastoid muscle is discussed: muscle: Tetrapod musculature: …to form muscles such as sternocleidomastoid, a muscle important for humans in movements of the head and in breathing. In mammals that lose the clavicle, these slips may be further modified to form muscles running from the head to the pectoral limb. Tetrapods, with the exception of mammals, utilize part…

In this crossover study we investigated the differential treatment effects of visual exploration training alone and visual exploration training in combination with neck muscle vibration. The results provide clear evidence that the addition of contralesional neck vibration to a standard method of treating neglect leads to additive and lasting treatment effects. Further, we showed that the additive effects of vibration transferred from trained tasks (visual exploration) to untrained tasks (text reading), and from the visual to the tactile mode. Moreover, the combined treatment led to a reduction in daily life problems concerning self care, reaching and grasping, and spatial orientation in comparison with the effects achieved by exploration training alone.. These improvements are not the result of therapeutic cost effects because in the exploration tasks as well as in text reading the amelioration of exploration behaviour on the contralesional left side was not accompanied by an increase of ...

Principal Investigator：HIRAI Naoki, Project Period (FY)：1996 - 1997, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：人類学(含生理人類学)

Deborah Falla, Gwendolen Jull and Paul Hodges. Both low-load and high-load training of the cervical muscles have been shown to reduce neck pain and change parameters of muscle function directly related to the exercise performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether either training regime changes muscle activation during a functional task which is known to be affected in people with neck pain and is not directly related to either exercise protocol. Fifty-eight female patients with chronic neck pain were randomised into one of two 6-week exercise intervention groups: an endurance-strength training regime for the cervical flexor muscles or low-load training of the cranio-cervical flexor muscles. The primary outcome was a change in electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle during a functional, repetitive upper limb task. At the 7th week follow-up assessment both intervention groups demonstrated a reduction in their average intensity of pain. However, ...

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With the semispinalis capitis, it also helps extend the cervical spine and maintain cervical lordosis. Execution. 2) When the neck extension exercise is executed correctly, you will notice that not only do the cervical spine extensor muscles contract, but the erector spinae and the deep posterior muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine also undergo contraction once the neutral position is passed. Additional cervical extensors are the semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, semispinal capitis, and splenius capitis. In fact, greater atrophy in the rectus capitis-PMaj and rectus capitis-PMin among the suboccipital muscles have been found in patients with persistent whiplash symptoms (Elliot et al) Additionally, atrophy of these muscles has been associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers, hyperalgesia, and worse outcomes in patients with whiplash (Sterling et al). You can learn more about the screening and treatment process of Cervicogenic Dizzinesss through Integrative Clinical Concepts, where the ...

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether excessive neck muscle tone affects hyoid bone kinetics during swallowing using videofluorography (VF) in an unnatural posture in healthy individuals. Subjects and methods: Subjects were 28 healthy adults (12 men, 16 women; mean age, 39.75±9.50 years) without any history or present complaints of swallowing disorders. We first established the participants posture a reclining wheelchair that was adjusted to a 30-degree angle with the headrest (without excessive neck muscle tone) or without headrest (with excessive neck muscle tone), used an electromyogram above the mylohyoid muscle to represent the suprahyoid muscles and above the sternohyoid muscle to represent the infrahyoid muscles to confirm neck muscle tone, and then conducted VF of swallowing measurements ...

Knowing how to treat pulled neck muscle pain and letting the area rest and heal are the most effective methods for home care. You could start to experience neck pain after an accident, like a fall, or sometimes after a particularly hard workout at the gym. Sometimes, the discovery of a pulled neck muscle is a mystery having no apparent cause at all. Sudden jerks, such as what a person experiences with slight whiplash, or an overuse injury acquired over a period of time are the most common causes. If the pain is unbearable or there seems to be a severely limited range of motion of the neck area, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible because nerves and other significant structures in the cervical area are likely to be involved.. In order to treat a pulled neck muscle you will need:. ...

Flashcard anatomy of the suprahyoid neck muscles. Learn all about the anatomical features of the suprahyoid neck muscles with our flashcard images and videos.

Cervical muscle fitness massage ball massage health fitness ball relax relieve neck fatigue rehabilitation Note: There are red,blue 2 colors available. And it is only one piece. Related instructions: Below details for our store may be helpful for you. -Sizing or Fit Issues The sizes are illuminated with specific measurements in the detailed specifications. Please ...

Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) refers to the multifaceted and chronic burden that is common after a whiplash injury. Tools to assist in the diagnosis of WAD and an increased understanding of neck muscle behaviour are needed. We examined the multilayer dorsal neck muscle behaviour in nine women with chronic WAD versus healthy controls during the entire sequence of a dynamic low-loaded neck extension exercise, which was recorded using real-time ultrasound movies with high frame rates. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares were used to analyse mechanical muscle strain (deformation in elongation and shortening). The WAD group showed more shortening during the neck extension phase in the trapezius muscle and during both the neck extension and the return to neutral phase in the multifidus muscle. For the first time, a novel non-invasive method is presented that is capable of detecting altered dorsal muscle strain in women with WAD during an entire exercise sequence. ...

In cervical dysfunction the scalenes can be either facilitated or inhibited. If the sternocleidomastoid muscle is inhibited, the scalenes may compensate to stabilize neck flexion. In the case of whiplash, the scalenes may become inhibited by facilitated neck extensors. I find it very important to release the scalenes indirectly by stabilizing the first and second ribs while performing a myofascial stretch. I have found that working directly on the scalenes can cause them to rebound and tighten up even further. To strengthen the scalenes, resist at the forehead while nodding towards the ipsilateral shoulder. The scalenes also ipsilaterally flex the neck, and therefore can become inhibited by either the ipsilateral or contralateral upper trapezius. The scalenes produce ipsilateral rotation of the cervical spine, and can become facilitated by an inhibited contralateral sternocleidomastoid or an ipsilateral longus colli.. ...

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The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel approach to measuring neck muscle load and activity in vehicle collision conditions. A series of sled tests were performed on 10 healthy volunteers at three severity levels to simulate low-severity frontal impacts. Electrical activity-electromyography (EMG)-and muscle mechanical tension was measured bilaterally on the upper trapezius. A novel mechanical contraction (MC) sensor was used to measure the tension on the muscle surface. The neck extensor loads were estimated based on the inverse dynamics approach. The results showed strong linear correlation (Pearsons coefficient = 0.821) between the estimated neck muscle load and the muscle tension measured with the MC sensor. The peak of the estimated neck muscle force delayed 0.2 ± 30.6 ms on average vs. the peak MC sensor signal compared to the average delay of 61.8 ± 37.4 ms vs. the peak EMG signal. The observed differences in EMG and MC sensor collected signals indicate that the MC sensor offers an

The capitis muscles are muscles of the neck. They include the: splenius capitis, longissumus capitis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis capitis, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus captitis inferior ...

We report a case of a 4-week-old female neonate who was admitted to the hospital for a anterior right lump of the neck, perceived by his mother the day before. The mother also noticed a preferential tilting of the head towards right. He was an otherwise full-term healthy baby, with a history of instrumented delivery. There was no fever, trauma or respiratory symptoms/signs. Family history was irrelevant. On examination, the neck swelling was a small firm, partially mobile, no warm on touch and apparently painless mass, with approximately 1.5-2 cm soft tissue mass, attached to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. There was no restriction of neck movements. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed a 13 mm … ...

Multifidus (Figure 4) - The multifidus is found deep to the trapezius and semispinalis muscles. A pair of these muscles spans longitudinally across three vertebrae (or four), from medial to lateral, along the length of the vertebral column. The pair attaches to the spinous process of a higher vertebrae and attaches to the transverse process of a lower vertebrae. Rather than acting as primary movers in vertebral extension, these small muscles stabilize the vertebral column when they act in concert.. Rotatores (Figure 4) - The rotatores are multi-segment muscles that attach to two sequential vertebrae, joining the adjacent spinous process of the higher vertebra to the transverse process. This arrangement repeats along the entire vertebral column. Like the multifidus, this is a small muscle, and although capable of contributing to rotation, lateral flexion, and extension, its primary function is to stabilize the vertebral column.. Interspinales (Figure 4) - This muscle connects two adjacent spinous ...

A lateral view (right side) of the muscles of the neck and upper back. The splenius muscle is highlighted. - Stock Image F002/0391

TY - JOUR. T1 - Frequency response of vestibular reflexes in neck, back, and lower limb muscles. AU - Forbes, P.A.. AU - Dakin, C.J.. AU - Vardy, A.N.. AU - Happee, R.. AU - Siegmund, G.P.. AU - Schouten, Alfred Christiaan. AU - Blouin, J.S.. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Vestibular pathways form short-latency disynaptic connections with neck motoneurons, whereas they form longer-latency disynaptic and polysynaptic connections with lower limb motoneurons. We quantified frequency responses of vestibular reflexes in neck, back, and lower limb muscles to explain between-muscle differences. Two hypotheses were evaluated: 1) that muscle-specific motor-unit properties influence the bandwidth of vestibular reflexes; and 2) that frequency responses of vestibular reflexes differ between neck, back, and lower limb muscles because of neural filtering. Subjects were exposed to electrical vestibular stimuli over bandwidths of 0-25 and 0-75 Hz while recording activity in sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, ...

Im enjoying these neck appreciation posts and I hope that you are too! For this week I thought it would be nice to show you one of my favourite named parts of the body there is - the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This muscle is pretty big and you will all have felt or seen it, even…

MUSCLE INFILTRATIONS IN THE NECK/SHOULDER Diagnosis: MUSCLE INFILTRATIONS IN THE NECK/SHOULDER (Myalgia) Anatomy: Numerous muscles emanate and fasten around the shoulder-neck. M. semispinalis capitis Mm. splenii capitis et cervicis M. levato

After emerging from the spinal nerve, the C3 dorsal ramus courses posteriorly, medial to the posterior intertransverse muscles, and then crosses over the lateral aspect of the C2/C3 facet joint. The TON gives off the only sensory branches to the C2/C3 facet joint. The nerve courses further dorso-medially and cephalad to pierce and supply both the semispinalis and splenius capitis muscles at the C2 (axis) level. It continues to travel cephalad and emerges superficial by piercing the trapezius muscle at the C1 (atlas) level. At its final destination, the occiput level, the TON provides sensory innervation to a small area of skin just below the superior nuchal line ...

1. carotid sheath & its contents: common & ICA, IJV & vagus n. 2. muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, scaleni ant, med & post. levator scapulae, splenius capitis & post belly of digastric. 3. besides common carotid art (CCA) & int carotid art (ICA). there are also 1. ext carotid art (ECA). 2. occipital art. 3. subclavian art & suprascapular art. 4. besides int jugular vein (IJV), there are also 1. ant jugular vein. 2. facial vein. 3. lingual vein. 5. besides vagus nerve there also: 1. accessory nerve. 2.cervical plexus. 3. upper part of brachial plexus. 4. phrenic n & ansa cervicalis. 6. deep cervical LN ...

(2007) Cagnie et al. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Cagnie B, Cools A, De Loose V, Cambier D, Danneels L. Differences in isometric neck muscle strength between healthy controls and women with chronic neck pain: the use of a reliable measurement. Objectives: To determine the int...

The EJV was formed as usual, by the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the post auricular vein .The EJV descended at the angle of the mandible (E in Fig. 1). The main trunk of the EJV descended superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and drained into the subclavian vein, 0.5 cm above the midpoint of the clavicle. A dilation (B in Fig.1) was observed before it finally drained into the subclavian vein. Another venous channel (C in Fig. 1) was observed 1 cm below the angle of the mandible. This venous channel arose from the EJV (D in Fig. 1), traversed the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, to descend and empty into the IJV. The IJV drained into the subclavian vein as usual. The facial vein drained into the IJV. No abnormalities were observed on the right side. DISCUSSION The EJV is known to exhibit various anomalies as regarding its formation and course. Standard textbook of anatomy does mention the fact that the EJV may communicate with the IJV but such a ...

neck is the part of the human body that attaches the head to the rest of the body. It is made up of many muscles that are connected from the head to the torso of the body. The purpose of the neck muscles is either to allow for neck movement or to provide structural support for the head. The motion is either rotation, meaning side-to-side; lateral flexion, meaning ear to shoulder; flexion ...

A comprehensive overview of headache causes, triggers, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Tension, migraine, cluster and other types of headaches included.. Do they really hurt?? am getting a tattoo on my wrist do they really hurt? Additional Details it cant be worse then childbirth .. Review & Guides of Pain Relievers. Compare Pain Relievers prices, read reviews and merchant ratings.. i have read that neck stiffness is one of the first symptoms of lymes. i did not start experiencing neck stiffness for about two years after i had been sick. but now it is .. Topic: Subtopic: Note: AIDS: AIDS CNS- d/t HIV, Opportunistic infections, Neoplasm In HIV pt the most common brain lesions- toxo, B cell NHL, pyogenic Imitrex and neck stiffness abcess, syphylis, PML, mets. Learn about the causes of your headaches, and discover natural headache relief solutions.. My husband has had a constant headache for the past few months. (Yes, MONTHS) and nothing is helping it. Hes gone to the doctor and has been ...

The Head & Neck Muscles flash cards identify each muscle of the head and neck along with a 4-color illustration of each muscles nerves and arteries. The cards are broken down into chapters according to the muscle groups. For each muscle, the origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply, synergists, and antagonists are denoted.. ISBN: ...

A flexion test is a preliminary veterinary procedure performed on a horse, generally during a prepurchase or a lameness exam. The purpose is to accentuate any pain that may be associated with a joint or soft-tissue structure, allowing the practitioner to localize a lameness to a specific area, or to alert a practitioner to the presence of sub-clinical disease that may be present during a pre-purchase exam. The animals leg is held in a flexed position for 30 seconds to up to 3 minutes (although most veterinarians do not go longer than a minute), and then the horse is immediately trotted off and its gait is analyzed for abnormalities and uneveness. Flexions stretch the joint capsule, increase intra-articular and subchondral bone pressure, and compress surrounding soft tissue structures, which accentuates any pain associated with these structures. An increase in lameness following a flexion test suggests that those joints or surrounding soft tissue structures may be a source of pain for the horse. ...

A new study found that specific strength training exercises led to significant prolonged relief of neck muscle pain, while general fitness training resulted in only a small amount of pain reduction.

Frequent neck pain is an unhappy reality for many people. If you regularly suffer from sore neck muscles, then you know how unpleasant it can be. There are a host of causes that can contribute to neck pain, and many ways to treat neck pain-right in your own home. Heated neck wraps and microwavable neck wraps are a grea

Berthoz, A. ; Grantyn, A. ; Olivier, Etienne. The origin of horizontal gaze signals in neck muscles during orienting.. In: Jami L., Pierrot-Desseilligny E., Zytnicki D., Muscle Afferents and Spinal Control of Movement., Pergamon Press : (United Kingdom) Oxford 1992, p. 259- ...

The omohyoid (also omohyoid muscle, latin: musculus omohyoideus) is a neck muscle that belongs to the infrahyoid muscle group and depresses the hyoid bone.

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Identify the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. The omohyoid muscle is flattened and strap-like. It consists of a superior belly and an inferior belly. The two bellies of this muscle are connected by an intermuscular tendon, that is held by connective tissue to the anterior surface of the internal jugular vein to prevent the vein from collapsing under negative pressure. The position of the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle divides the posterior triangle into an upper occipital triangle and a lower subclavian (or supraclavicular) triangle. Links and References: ...

From the internet.. Do your ears feel full? It could be tight neck muscles… We have several muscles in our neck that help to hold up our head. The...