We have previously described isolation and preliminary identification of a virus related to Dugbe virus (DUGV), family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus. Six isolates of the virus were obtained from pools of Amblyomma gemma and Rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks collected from hides of cattle in Nairobi, Kenya, in October 1999. We report results of further characterization of this virus, including growth kinetics in cell culture and full-length genome sequencing and genetic characterization, which show it to be distinct from DUGV. We suggest that this is a new virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus, and we propose that it be designated Kupe virus ...

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Ticks are efficient vectors of arboviruses, although less than 10% of tick species are known to be virus vectors. Most tick-borne viruses (TBV) are RNA viruses some of which cause serious diseases in humans and animals world-wide. Several TBV impacting human or domesticated animal health have been found to emerge or re-emerge recently. In order to survive in nature, TBV must infect and replicate in both vertebrate and tick cells, representing very different physiological environments. Information on molecular mechanisms that allow TBV to switch between infecting and replicating in tick and vertebrate cells is scarce. In general, ticks succeed in completing their blood meal thanks to a plethora of biologically active molecules in their saliva that counteract and modulate different arms of the host defense responses (haemostasis, inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, and wound healing). The transmission of TBV occurs primarily during tick feeding and is a complex process, known to be ...

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Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV, family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus). CCHFV can cause a severe hemorrhagic fever with high-case fatality rates in humans. CCHFV has a wide geographic range and has been described in around 30 countries in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and Africa including Mali and neighboring countries. To date, little is known about the prevalence rates of CCHFV in Mali. Here, using banked bovine serum samples from across the country, we describe the results of a seroepidemiological study for CCHFV aimed at identifying regions of circulation in Mali. In total, 1,074 serum samples were tested by a modified in-house CCHFV-IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with confirmatory testing by commercial ELISA and immunofluorescence assay. Overall, 66% of samples tested were positive for CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies. Regional seroprevalence rates ranged from 15% to 95% and seemed to

To the Editor: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus) causes outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with case-fatality rates ,30% (1,2). The disease was initially recognized by Russian scientists in the 1940s (3), and the virus was first isolated in the Democratic Republic of Congo some years later (4). CCHFV is reported throughout broad regions of Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Reports linking transmission of the virus with an infected vector have involved ticks of the genus Hyalomma (5). It appears that maintenance of active foci of CCHFV in the field is dependent on Hyalomma spp., even within periods of silent activity. Several vertebrates are involved in the natural transmission cycle (6). Transmission of CCHFV to humans occurs through tick bites, direct contact with blood or tissues of infected animals, person-to-person spread, or by nosocomial infection (1).. In southeastern Europe, the Balkans are the known western limit ...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is a tick-borne bunyavirus of the Nairovirus genus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans with high case fatality. Here, we report the development of subunit vaccines and their efficacy in signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) knockout mice. Ectodomains of the structural glycoproteins Gn ... read more and Gc were produced using a Drosophila insect cell-based expression system. A single vaccination of STAT129 mice with adjuvanted Gn or Gc ectodomains induced neutralizing antibody responses, which were boosted by a second vaccination. Despite these antibody responses, mice were not protected from a CCHFV challenge infection. These results suggest that neutralizing antibodies against CCHFV do not correlate with protection of STAT1 knockout mice. show less ...

The widespread geographical distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (more than 30 countries) and its ability to produce severe human disease with high mortality rates (up to 60%) make CCHF a major public health concern worldwide. We describe here the successful establishment of a reverse genetics technology for CCHF virus, a member of the genus Nairovirus, family BUNYAVIRIDAE: The RNA polymerase I (pol I) system was used to generate artificial viral RNA genome segments (minigenomes), which contained different reporter genes in antisense (virus RNA) or sense (virus-complementary RNA) orientation flanked by the noncoding regions of the CCHF virus S segment. Reporter gene expression was observed in different eukaryotic cell lines following transfection and subsequent superinfection with CCHF virus, confirming encapsidation, transcription, and replication of the pol I-derived minigenomes. The successful transfer of reporter gene activity to fresh cells demonstrated the ...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, acute, sometimes fatal disease endemic in many parts of Eurasia and Africa, caused by a tick-borne virus. The virus, an RNA virus (Nairovirus) of the Bunyaviridae family, is typically transmitted to humans by ticks of the genus Hyalomma, although humans are not their preferred hosts. It usually incubates for one to six days (though it can be up to 13 days) before an infected person suddenly develops such symptoms as high fever, headache, neck, back, muscle, joint, or abdominal pain, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea, sensitivity to light, petechiae (red spots caused by bleeding in the skin) in mouth and throat, jaundice, and in severe cases mood changes and confusion sometimes followed by exhaustion and sleepiness. After several days, large areas of bleeding under the skin resembling bruises as well as uncontrolled nosebleeds and other bleeding may develop; in severe cases kidney deterioration or liver or pulmonary failure may follow. There is no cure or vaccine ...

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic fever of the Nairovirus group. Although primarily a zoonosis, sporadic cases and outbreaks of CCHF affecting humans do occur. The disease is endemic in many countries in Africa, Europe and Asia.. The geographical distribution of the virus, like that of its tick vector, is widespread. Evidence of CCHF virus has been found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Healthcare workers in endemic areas should be aware of the illness and the correct infection control procedures to protect themselves and their patients from the risk of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection.. For more information please check the websites of WHO Regional Office for Europe and ECDC - European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. ...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by infection with a tick-borne virus, a Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. Wageningen Bioveterinary Research conducts research on this disease.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease, endemic in Africa, with a high case fatality rate. There is no efficient treatment or licensed vaccine. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CCHFV in cattle in extensive grazing systems (both pastoralism and ranching) within the Maasai Mara ecosystem, Nanyuki, and the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya. We conducted a seroepidemiological study of the sera of 148 cattle from 18 households from the three ecosystems in 2014, 2016, and 2019. Sera from 23 sheep and 17 goats were also obtained from the same households during the same period. Sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to CCHFV using the commercially available double-antigen ELISA kit. Overall, 31.5% CCHFV seropositivity was observed. The prevalence of CCHF was analyzed using a multiple logistic mixed model with main predictors. Risk factors associated with exposure to CCHFV were age (p = 0.000) and season (p = 0.007). Our findings suggest exposure to ...

CCHF is a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus Nairovirus. The CCHF virus causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, with a case fatality rate of 10-40%.. The hosts of the CCHF virus include a wide range of wild & domestic animals such as cattle, sheep & goats. Many birds are resistant to infection, but ostriches are susceptible & may show a high prevalence of infection in endemic areas, where they have been at the origin of human cases. There is no apparent disease in these animals.. Animals become infected by the bite of infected ticks & the virus remains in their bloodstream for about one week after infection, allowing the tick-animal-tick cycle to continue when another tick bites. Although a number of tick genera are capable of becoming infected with CCHF virus, ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the principal vector.. ...

CCHF is a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus Nairovirus. The CCHF virus causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, with a case fatality rate of 10-40%.. The hosts of the CCHF virus include a wide range of wild & domestic animals such as cattle, sheep & goats. Many birds are resistant to infection, but ostriches are susceptible & may show a high prevalence of infection in endemic areas, where they have been at the origin of human cases. There is no apparent disease in these animals.. Animals become infected by the bite of infected ticks & the virus remains in their bloodstream for about one week after infection, allowing the tick-animal-tick cycle to continue when another tick bites. Although a number of tick genera are capable of becoming infected with CCHF virus, ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the principal vector.. ...

The RealStar® CCHFV RT-PCR Kit 1.0 is an in vitro diagnostic test, based on real-time PCR technology, for the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus specific RNA.. ...

Two Missouri farmers have been infected with a brand-new tick-borne virus that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is calling the Heartland

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In order to map global disease risk, a geographic database of human Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) occurrence was produced by surveying peer-reviewed literature and case reports, as well as informal online sources. Here we present this database, comprising occurrence data linked to geographic point or polygon locations dating from 1953 to 2013. We fully describe all data collection, geo-positioning, database management and quality-control procedures. This is the most comprehensive database of confirmed CCHF occurrence in humans to-date, containing 1,721 geo-positioned occurrences in total.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic FeverIntroductionDisease History, Characteristics, and TransmissionScope and DistributionTreatment and PreventionImpacts and IssuesBIBLIOGRAPHY Source for information on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Infectious Diseases: In Context dictionary.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a highly contagious viral tick-borne disease with case-fatality rates as high as 50%. We describe a collaborative evaluation of the characteristics, performance, and on-site applicability of serologic and molecular assays for diagnosis of CCHF. We evaluated ELISA, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and low-density macroarray assays for detection of CCHF virus using precharacterized archived patient serum samples. Compared with results of local, in-house methods, test sensitivities were 87.8%-93.9% for IgM serology, 80.4%-86.1% for IgG serology, and 79.6%-83.3% for genome detection. Specificity was excellent for all assays; molecular test results were influenced by patient country of origin. Our findings demonstrate that well-characterized, reliable tools are available for CCHF diagnosis and surveillance. The on-site use of such assays by health laboratories would greatly diminish the time, costs, and risks posed by the handling,

A sound program to keep sheep healthy is basic to production. Producers must observe animals closely to keep the whole herd free from diseases and productive.

V devades t ch letech, pot , kdy se soubor p esunul z Vala sk ch Klobouk do Brna, proto e zakladatelka souboru, texta ka i re is rka Milena Fucimanov za ala u it na Biskupsk m gymn ziu v Brn , opou t Agadir na as sv j statut autorsk ho divadla a v nuje se poezii autor , kte v minul m re imu nemohli publikovat nebo publikovali jen okrajov . Soubor je nov sestaven ze student zm n n ho gymn zia. Nov nastupuj c mi leny jsou Ond ej Li ka, Jana Barto ov , David ernoch, Petr Buben ek, Petr Polehla, Martina Klus kov , Marie Slov kov , Karel Matu ka, Miroslav Krotk , Marta Mr zov , Jan Novotn , Ond ej Fuciman, Peter M dry, Roman erve an a dal . Z rove se formuluje velmi v razn m zp sobem i hudebn slo ka, kterou tvo , co je velmi zaj mav , absolventi vala skoklobouck ho gymn zia, kte tak z rove p edstavuj stabiln sou st divadla - Ond ej Fuciman, Peter M dry a Roman erve an - tito z rove vytv ej vlastn hudebn doprovod. Zejm na prvn jmenovan . Pod z titou P. Norberta Badala vystupuje divadlo v kapituln s ni ...

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2020Source: The Journal of Molecular DiagnosticsAuthor(s): Iris van t Erve, Marjolein J.E. Greuter, Karen Bolhuis, Daan C.L. Vessies, Alessandro Leal, Geraldine R. Vink, Daan van den Broek, Victor E. Velculescu, Cornelis J.A. Punt, Gerrit A. Meijer, Veerle M.H. Coupé, Remond J.A. Fijneman...

The complete nucleotide sequences of the small (S) and medium (M) segments of three independent strains of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus isolated in Uzbekistan, Iraq and Pakistan have been determined. Partial S and M segment sequences from two additional strains and partial large segment sequences from five strains of CCHF virus have also been obtained. These data have been compiled and compared with published full-length and partial sequences of other CCHF virus strains. Analysis of virus strains for which complete and partial S and M segment sequences are available reveals that the phylogenetic grouping of some strains differ between these two segments. Data provided in this report suggest that this discrepancy is not the result of recombination, but rather the consequence of reassortment events that have occurred in some virus lineages. Although described in other genera of the Bunyaviridae family, this is the first report of segment reassortment occurring in the Nairovirus genus.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease with several different modes of transmission. We describe the manifestations, outcome, and likely modes of transmission for three nosocomial cases. All threee cases were healthcare workers (two men and one woman). They had fever, myalgia, and petechia. Disseminated intravascular coagulation resulted in the death occurred in the woman. Because this disease is manifested with non-specific influenza-like symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult. Data for these patients can be used to investigate airborne or sexual transmission of this virus, although neither route was substantiated for these patients. Use of universal precautions and early case detection are the most helpful strategy for preventing nosocomial transmission of CCHF.

A pilot study of sheep disease surveillance was conducted in 2014-2015 on four farms in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia. The participants observed their sheep, sufficiently closely to notice disease, at least every second day. Most of the disease syndrome reports related to fewer than five sheep, demonstrating that farmers noticed problems in individual sheep, and not only in groups of sheep. Of a total of 66 disease syndrome observations reported over 12 months, the three most frequently occurring syndromes were found dead + sudden death (combined), skin lesions, and lameness.

A new tick-borne virus has been found in Bridgeport, CT. The Powassan virus has symptoms similar to Lyme disease and has no available treatment.

Introduction: Livestock is a known source of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus infection in humans. Although CCHF is endemic in Iran, limited human cases of CCHF are reported from northwest of Iran. Considering the lack of complete and updated information on the status and distribution of CCHF infection among domestic animals ...

Zahit Bolaman, rfan Yava o lu, G rhan Kad k yl . Inclusion Body in a Leukocyte in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Turk J Hematol. 2015; 32(3): 281- ...

scrapie: Fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. Scrapie has been endemic in British sheep, particularly the Suffolk breed, since the early 18th century. Since that time the...

On 31 August 2016 the autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain, reported two cases of infection with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. This document assesses the risk associated with the occurrence of two cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Spain. ...

On 31 August 2016 the autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain, reported two cases of infection with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. This document assesses the risk associated with the occurrence of two cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Spain. ...

NOTITLE__ __NOTOC__ ,br> {, style=width:100%; height:20px; font-size: x-small; , [[Image:sheep01.jpg,center,300px]] ,width = 30%, *[[Special:Statistics,Statistics]] on sheep and sheep diseases ,- ,} ,!-- TODAYS FEATURED ARTICLE; DID YOU KNOW --> {, id=mp-upper style=width: 100%; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; margin:6px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px; , class=MainPageBG style=width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000; , {, id=mp-left style=vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa; ! style=padding:2px; , ,h2 id=mp-tfa-h2 style=margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;>Latest articles,/h2> :- [http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/prospectivestudents/experience.aspx Recommendations for the Pre-Veterinary Experience] :- [http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n101008B/BA031.pdf Veterinary science making waves] ,- ! ...

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We detected human CCHFV IgG by sandwich ELISA. We coated Immulon 2 HB plates (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with anti-CCHFV hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid (1:1,000) in phosphate-buffered saline and 0.01% thimerosal. After incubating plates overnight at 4°C and washing 3 times with wash buffer (phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% tween 20 and 0.01% thimerosal), we added 100 µL of inactivated CCHFV IbAr10200 supernatant (IgG capture antigen) or noninfected Vero E6 cell supernatant (negative control) diluted (1:20) in milk buffer (wash buffer plus 5% skim milk) to each well. We incubated plates for 60 min at 37°C, washed 3 times with wash buffer, and added serum samples diluted 1:100 in milk buffer to test wells and negative control wells. We incubated plates for 60 min at 37°C, washed 3 times with wash buffer, and added 100 µL of the detector antibody (horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-human IgG Fc; Accurate Chemical and Scientific, Westbury, NY, USA) diluted 1:8,000 in milk ...

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute disease of humans, caused by a tick-borne virus which is widely distributed in eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. Cattle, sheep and small mammals such as hares undergo inapparent or mild infection with transient viraemia, and serve as hosts from which the tick vectors of the virus can acquire infection. Despite serological evidence that there is widespread infection of livestock in nature, infection of humans is relatively uncommon. Humans acquire infection from tick bite, or from contact with infected blood or other tissues of livestock or human patients, and the disease is characterized by febrile illness with headache, malaise, myalgia, and a petechial rash, frequently followed by a haemorrhagic state with necrotic hepatitis. The mortality rate is variable but averages about approximately 30 per cent. Inactivated vaccine prepared from infected mouse brain was used for the protection of humans in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union in ...

A Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) outbreak emerged from 2001 to 2003 in the Middle Anatolia region of Turkey. This study describes the clinical characteristics and outcome features of CCHF patients admitted to four tertiary care hospitals in Turkey. Definitive diagnosis was based on the detection of CCHF virus-specific IgM by ELISA or of genomic segments of the CCHF virus by RT-PCR. Related data were collected by a retrospective chart review. Hospital costs were extracted from the final discharge bills. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the independent predictors of mortality. CCHF virus-specific antibodies or genomic segments were detected in the sera of 99 cases. Seven cases that were treated with ribavirin were excluded from the study. Cases were mostly farmers (83 cases, 90 %), and 60 % had a tick-bite history before the onset of fever. Impaired consciousness and splenomegaly were independent predictors of a fatal outcome. ...

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Global Status is one in a series of GIDEON ebooks which explore all individual infectious diseases, drugs, vaccines, outbreaks, surveys and pathogens in every country of the world. Data are based on the GIDEON web application (www.gideononline.com) which relies on standard text books, peer-review journals, Health Ministry reports and ProMED, supplemented by an ongoing exhaustive search of the medical literature.. Chapters are arranged alphabetically, by disease. Each chapter includes ...

Introduction: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal arbovirus with a high risk for nosocomial transmission. The goals of this study were to desc..

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.. ...

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate renal involvement in children with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Forty-four children infected with CCHF virus and 30 controls were enrolled in the study. Urine neutrophil ...

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute tick-borne viral zoonotic disease which is endemic in Turkey. Bradycardia has been reported among pediatric and adult patients with CCHF. But, it remains unclear, whether bradycardia is associated with ribavirin treatment or the severity of CCHF. In this study 26 hospitalized CCHF patients were reviewed in terms of age, gender, history of tick bite, duration of hospitalization, presence of bradycardia, laboratory features, ribavirin treatment, and blood products requirement. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics of CCHF patients with or without bradycardia were compared. The mean age of the patients was 126.42 +/- 48.21 months. There were 8 female and 18 male patients. Sinus bradycardia was noted in 15 patients (mean age was 120.20 +/- 50.59 months, 5 female). Ribavirin had been administered 18 (69.2%) patients and 11 of them had bradycardia. There was not statistically significant relationships between bradycardia ...

24 May 2002 Shearing risks spreading CLACARE at shearing will help limit spread of sheep disease, caseous lymphadenitis. But development of a new blood tes

Links for you. Science: East Asia braces for surge in deadly tick-borne virus Nocebo effects with antidepressant clinical drug trial placebos. A Bold Idea To Save The Oceans: Ban Fishing On The High Seas To defeat superbugs, everyone will need access to clean water Here are some pro-tips for deciding if you should read an…

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Oraro & Company Advocates was recognised as the 1st runners up in the large law firm of the year category during the Nairobi Legal Awards which were hosted by the Law Society of Kenya, Nairobi branch on 31st May 2019. The Awards are an initiative of the Law Society of Kenya, Nairobi Branch which seeks to recognize excellence in legal practice and are meant to promote benchmarking of best practice standards in the Kenyan legal profession. The award seeks to recognise:. ...

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