Description: Regulation of motility and polarity in Myxococcus xanthus
M. xanthus cells possess two independent motility systems: the adventurous (A) system and the social (S) system. S-motility depends on the extension and retraction of Type-4-pili, whereas A-motility is mediated via focal adhesion complexes that incorporate a MotAB-like motor. The rod-shaped M. xanthus cells can reverse the direction of movement, which is accompanied by a polarity inversion of components of both motility systems. Reversals are induced by the Frz chemosensory system, acting upstream of a small GTPase, MglA and its cognate GTPase activating protein, MglB. MglA and MglB localize to opposite cell poles in a moving cell, defining the leading pole (MglA) and the lagging pole (MglB). MglA and MglB directly interact. In this study we identified residues in MglB that are required for the interaction with MglA. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of the MglA/MglB interaction affects MglA GTPase activity and localization of MglB. In addition to the MglA/MglB system, the response regulator ...
Two PAAR proteins with different C-terminal extended domains have distinct ecological functions in Myxococcus xanthus | Applied...
Bacterial proline-alanine-alanine-arginine (PAAR) proteins are located at the top of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) nanomachine and carry and deliver effectors into neighboring cells. Many PAAR proteins are fused with a variable C-terminal extended domain (CTD). Here, we report that two paar-ctd genes (MXAN_RS08765 and MXAN_RS36995) located in two homologous operons are involved in different ecological functions of Myxococcus xanthus. MXAN_RS08765 inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, while MXAN_RS36995 was associated with the colony-merger incompatibility of M. xanthus cells. These two PAAR-CTD proteins were both toxic to Escherichia coli cells, while MXAN_RS08765, rather than MXAN_RS36995, was also toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Their downstream adjacent genes, i.e., MXAN_RS08760 and MXAN_RS24590, protected against the toxicities. The MXAN_RS36995 protein was demonstrated to have nuclease activity, and the activity was inhibited by the presence of MXAN_RS24590. Our ...
Enhancer-binding proteins with a forkhead-associated domain and the sigma(54) regulon in Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enhancer-binding proteins with a forkhead-associated domain and the sigma(54) regulon in Myxococcus xanthus fruiting body development. AU - Jelsbak, Lars. AU - Givskov, Michael Christian. AU - Kaiser, D.. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - In response to starvation, Myxococcus xanthus initiates a developmental program that results in the formation of spore-filled, multicellular fruiting bodies. Many developmentally regulated genes in M. xanthus are transcribed from sigma(54) promoters, and these genes require enhancer-binding proteins. Here we report the finding of an unusual group of 12 genes encoding sigma(54)-dependent enhancer-binding proteins containing a forkhead-associated (FHA) domain as their N-terminal sensory domain. FHA domains in other proteins recognize phosphothreonine residues. An insertion mutation in one of these genes, Mx4885, caused a cell autonomous aggregation and sporulation defect. In-frame deletion mutants showed that the FHA domain is necessary for proper Mx4885 ...
Myxococcus xanthus Dsg protein Summary Report | CureHunter
Myxococcus xanthus Dsg protein: 50% identical to translation initiation factor IF3; isolated from Myxococcus xanthus; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank U04438; Do not confuse with Dsg protein, Streptococcus
FrzCD, a methyl-accepting taxis protein from Myxococcus xanthus, shows modulated methylation during fruiting body formation. |...
The frizzy (frz) genes of Myxococcus xanthus are required to control directed motility during vegetative growth and fruiting body formation. FrzCD, a protein homologous to the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins from enteric bacteria, is modified by methylation in response to environmental conditions. Transfer of cells from rich medium to fruiting medium initially caused rapid demethylation of FrzCD. Subsequently, the amount of FrzCD increased, but most remained unmethylated. At about the time of mound formation (9 h), most of the FrzCD was converted to methylated forms. Dispersal of developing cells (10 h) in buffer led to the demethylation of FrzCD, whereas concentration of these cells caused methylation of FrzCD. Some mutants which were unable to form fruiting bodies still modified their FrzCD during incubation under conditions of starvation on a surface. ...
RCSB PDB - 2NT3: Receiver domain from Myxococcus xanthus social motility protein FrzS (Y102A Mutant) Structure...
2NT3: An atypical receiver domain controls the dynamic polar localization of the Myxococcus xanthus social motility protein FrzS.
HOGENOM: MYXXD 1 PE1011
ID MYXXD_1_PE1011 STANDARD; PRT; 675 AA. AC MYXXD_1_PE1011; Q1DDH2; DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 1, Created) DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 2, Last sequence update) DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 3, Last annotation update) DE SubName: Full=Sulfatase family protein; (MYXXD_1.PE1011). GN OrderedLocusNames=MXAN_1040; OS MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS DK 1622. OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Deltaproteobacteria; Myxococcales; OC Cystobacterineae; Myxococcaceae; Myxococcus. OX NCBI_TaxID=246197; RN [0] RP -.; RG -.; RL -.; CC -!- SEQ. DATA ORIGIN: Translated from the HOGENOM CDS MYXXD_1.PE1011. CC Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 chromosome, complete genome. CC 1..69269 annotated by Ensembl CC -!- ANNOTATIONS ORIGIN:Q1DDH2_MYXXD CC -!- GENE_FAMILY: HBG000000000 [ FAMILY / ALN / TREE ] DR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot; Q1DDH2; -. DR EMBL; CP000113; ABF90275.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR RefSeq; YP_629301.1; NC_008095.1. DR ProteinModelPortal; Q1DDH2; -. DR STRING; Q1DDH2; -. DR GeneID; 4102531; -. DR GenomeReviews; CP000113_GR; MXAN_1040. DR KEGG; mxa:MXAN_1040; -. ...
Growth and Cellular Differentiation of Myxococcus xanthus in the Presence of β-Lactam Antibiotics | Microbiology Society
Summary: The effect of different β-lactam antibiotics on the growth and morphology of Myxococcus xanthus has been examined. Exposure to penicillin and cephalexin resulted in spheroplast and filament formation, respectively. Mecillinam appeared to inhibit cell elongation and caused the formation of bent cells with central bulges. Myxospore formation was inhibited by cephalexin but not by mecillinam, although myxospores formed in the presence of mecillinam showed defects after germination. Germination of myxospores involves substantial cell-wall turnover as measured by uptake and loss of meso-diamino[14C]pimelic acid. Although turnover was observed when myxospores were germinated in the presence of mecillinam, the bacteria remained as spheres. Growth of these germinated myxospores following removal of mecillinam indicated that wall material laid down during the early stages of germination is stable and a rod shape could be re-established only by bipolar growth of new wall.
Actin- and microtubule-dependent organelle motors: interrelationships between the two motility systems<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Actin- and microtubule-dependent organelle motors. T2 - interrelationships between the two motility systems. AU - Langford, George M.. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - Membranous organelles move on both actin filaments and microtubules. Evidence for the presence of myosin and microtubule-based motors on the same organelle has raised the question of the interrelationship between the two motility systems. Functional studies of unconventional myosins are beginning to provide insights into this question and the important roles these motors play in membrane trafficking and organelle movement.. AB - Membranous organelles move on both actin filaments and microtubules. Evidence for the presence of myosin and microtubule-based motors on the same organelle has raised the question of the interrelationship between the two motility systems. Functional studies of unconventional myosins are beginning to provide insights into this question and the important roles these motors play in membrane ...
Bibliographie: Regulation by cyclic di-GMP in Myxococcus xanthus
The nucleotide-based second messenger bis-(3-5)-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is involved in regulating a plethora of processes in bacteria that are typically associated with lifestyle changes. Myxococcus xanthus undergoes major lifestyle changes in response to nutrient availability with the forma.... Ausführliche Beschreibung. ...
Synthesis and Assembly of a Novel Glycan Layer in Myxococcus xanthus Spores
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
Mutations of the Act Promoter in Myxococcus xanthus | Journal of Bacteriology
The effects of sequence changes in the act operon promoter of M. xanthus are strong evidence that the promoter is recognized by sigma-54. Considering the large number of sigma-54 activator proteins encoded by the genome (13, 21), and with this addition to the list of established sigma-54 promoters, it is evident that sigma-54 regulates a substantial part of fruiting body development. The mutations reported here lie in the right half of the 333-bp segment that separates the actA (MXAN3213) transcription start from the start of MXAN3211, an open reading frame which, if expressed, is expected to be transcribed in the opposite direction from act (Fig. 5). Two candidate sigma-54 enhancer elements were found, one around −150 and one around −110. Site-specific mutagenesis of those two elements led to an 80% activity reduction from the wild type when the −110 element was mutated and a smaller, but significant, reduction when the one at −150 was mutated. Direct evidence for enhancer function is ...
Vesiclepedia: Gene summary
Profiling the outer membrane proteome during growth and development of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus by selective biotinylation and analyses of outer membrane vesicles ...
Vesiclepedia: Gene summary
Profiling the outer membrane proteome during growth and development of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus by selective biotinylation and analyses of outer membrane vesicles ...
Most recent papers with the keyword PXR | Read by QxMD
The small RNA (sRNA) Pxr negatively controls multicellular fruiting body formation in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus, inhibiting the transition from growth to development when nutrients are abundant. Like many other prokaryotic sRNAs, Pxr is predicted to fold into three stem loops (SL1-SL3). SL1 and SL2 are highly conserved across the myxobacteria, whereas SL3 is much more variable. SL1 is necessary for the regulatory function of Pxr but the importance of SL3 in this regard is unknown. To test for cis genetic elements required for Pxr function, we deleted the entire pxr gene from a developmentally defective strain that fails to remove Pxr-mediated blockage of development and reintroduced variably truncated fragments of the pxr region to test for their ability to block development ...
Xanthus | Learn the meaning, definition & origin of the name Xanthus
Meaning and definition of the name Xanthus. Learn the meaning of Xanthus, learn about the origin of the name Xanthus and find other information about the name Xanthus.
Publications | Gimzewski Lab
Pelling, A. E., Li, Y., Shi, W. & Gimzewski, J. K. Nanoscale visualization and characterization of Myxococcus xanthus cells with atomic force microscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102, 6484-6489 (2005). ...
Publications | Gimzewski Lab
Pelling, A. E., Li, Y., Shi, W. & Gimzewski, J. K. Nanoscale visualization and characterization of Myxococcus xanthus cells with atomic force microscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102, 6484-6489 (2005). ...
Predatory Bacterial Swarm Uses Rippling Motion to Reach Prey
Image shows swarm of M. xanthus bacteria (left) invading a colony of prey bacteria (right). The rippling pattern is the highly organized behavior of thousands of M. xanthus cells working in concert to digest the prey. Image courtesy of John Kirby, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Like something from a horror movie, the swarm of bacteria ripples purposefully toward their prey, devours it and moves on. Researchers at the University of Iowa are studying this behavior in Myxococcus xanthus (M. xanthus), a bacterium commonly found in soil, which preys on other bacteria.. Despite its deadly role in the bacterial world, M. xanthus is harmless to humans and might one day be used beneficially to destroy harmful bacteria on surfaces or in human infections, said John Kirby, PhD, associate professor of microbiology in the UI Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine. It may be that we can modify this predator-prey relationship or apply it to medically relevant situations, Kirby said. ...
A global analysis of developmentally regulated genes in Myxococcus xanthus. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Social Bacteria Spread By Reversing The Direction Periodically
According to a collabrative study, highly social bacteria needs to reverse heir direction periodically inorder for them to spread.
ASMscience | 17 A Postgenomic Overvie
Currently, Myxococcus xanthus is the only species of myxobacteria to mature into the postgenomic phase, and therefore, this chapter focuses on this organism. The chapter begins with a discussion with genomic screens using transposable elements, continues with the paralogous analysis of gene families, and concludes with whole-genome yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. Availability of the M. xanthus genome sequence makes the paralogous characterization of gene families possible. Both of the findings presented in the chapter are significant because they represent how the application of a genome sequence can aid in the identification of genes involved in specific processes such as development and vegetative growth. All of the postgenomics methods presented in the chapter focus on using the genome sequence to facilitate the characterization of genes using experimental techniques. One of the ultimate goals of myxobacterial genomics is to determine the complete set of genetic networks that contribute to the complex
IDEALS @ Illinois: Structure, function, and dynamics of cell motility proteins
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques have been employed to investigate structure and function relationships in cell motility proteins at atomic resolution. (1) To analyze motions in cell motility proteins an algorithm is described to identify and visualize the movements of rigid domains about common hinges in proteins. In comparing two structures, the method partitions a protein into domains of preserved geometry and characterizes the relative movement of domains by effective rotation axes. (2) Simulated in solution, the calcium-binding protein calmodulin exhibits large conformational changes on the nanosecond time scale. The central a-helix, which has been shown to unwind locally upon binding of calmodulin to target proteins, bends and unwinds near residue Arg74. The major structural change is a reorientation of the two Ca2+-binding domains with respect to each other and a rearrangement of α-helices in the N-terminus domain which make the hydrophobic target peptide binding site more ...
Twitching motility - Wikipedia
Twitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial motility used to move over surfaces. Twitching is mediated by the activity of hair-like filaments called type IV pili which extend from the cells exterior, bind to surrounding solid substrates and retract, pulling the cell forwards in a manner similar to the action of a grappling hook. The name twitching motility is derived from the characteristic jerky and irregular motions of individual cells when viewed under the microscope. It has been observed in many bacterial species, but is most well studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Myxococcus xanthus. Active movement mediated by the twitching system has been shown to be an important component of the pathogenic mechanisms of several species. The type IV pilus complex consists of both the pilus itself and the machinery required for its construction and motor activity. The pilus filament is largely composed of the PilA protein, with more uncommon minor pilins at the tip. These ...
The mechanism of force transmission at bacterial focal adhesion complexes
Various rod-shaped bacteria mysteriously glide on surfaces in the absence of appendages such as flagella or pili. In the deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus, a putative gliding motility machinery (the Agl-Glt complex) localizes to so-called focal adhesion sites (FASs) that form stationary contac …
TIGR00733
This protein represents a small family of integral membrane proteins from Gram-negative bacteria, a Gram-positive bacteria, and an archaeal species. Members of this family contain 15 to 18 GES predicted transmembrane regions, and this family has extensive homology to a family of yeast tetrapeptide transporters, including isp4 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and Opt1 (Candida albicans). EspB, an apparent equivalog from Myxococcus xanthus, shares an operon with a two component system regulatory protein, and is required for the normal timing of sporulation after the aggregation of cells. This is consistent with a role in transporting oligopeptides as signals across the membrane ...
Bacteriophage Mx8 mox protein Summary Report | CureHunter
Bacteriophage Mx8 mox protein: an adenine methylase from Myxococcus xanthus temperate phage Mx8; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank U64984; Do not confuse with MOX protein
Nme protein family evolutionary history, a vertebrate perspective | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full Text
Given its role in metastatic dissemination, the Nme1 protein, has been extensively studied in humans and rodents [15, 24]. A significant amount of data is also available for Nme2 [29]. Homologs of human genes were identified in several vertebrate species, such as rodents [6, 30], cow [31], Xenopus laevis [20], zebrafish [19], salmon [18]; and non-vertebrate species such as scallop [32], drosophila [33], Dictyostelium discoideum [5], Myxococcus Xanthus [3], Schizosaccharomyces pombe [34] and various plants [35]. The orthology relationship of these Nme1/2-related proteins with human counterparts was not, however, always thoroughly characterized. Nme1/2-related proteins, as all Group I Nme, display a single NDPk_1 domain (Fig. 2), and various enzymatic assays demonstrated its kinase activity in different species [4, 20, 30-32, 36]. According to our observations (Fig. 9A), the zebrafish Nme2 proteins display all the key residues for enzyme structure and activity [37, 38] thus suggesting that Nme2 ...
csgA - CsgA protein - Escherichia coli (strain 55989 / EAEC) - csgA gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
EMBL: CP000113.PE425
CP000113.PE425 Location/Qualifiers FT CDS 502511..505480 FT /codon_start=1 FT /transl_table=11 FT /locus_tag=MXAN_0441 FT /product=putative membrane protein FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Gn:MXAN_0441 FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Tr:ABF88222 FT /db_xref=GOA:Q1DF62 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR000731 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR004869 FT /db_xref=UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q1DF62 FT /protein_id=ABF88222.1 FT /translation=MRGHRAQCALHAPHPPRLARRCRVVRMRFHHRPAATTRGPGPPGR FT AEGGAASPPSCARMREPVSPGNVATVGVRCRRPRPLVCPPGRDSQQRGWGPSNPSHPPG FT RRRVGCHKQAGIRSRGALHEAGDSQPYFPPHGINALTLPLARAQGVRRFGQSTDAGVAS FT MSEKRWSERFEGVMGRLAVRNHRKPFQALLLALVLTVLGAYFARTLTLNADFVGLLPKN FT FPSVQDIEKLRKRFGGQGNVVVVGMGADPEVLKRFADDMAPKLGALSEIRYVSHQRPRS FT FFDEHSLYYVDVDDLETIQERIDARILWEKQQANPLFVSLVEEDPPSVDFADIEQKYTG FT RANQRLSGQGDLYYINPTERMVVLMAKPRGSAADLNYSKKVVGQVEDFLAQQDLSKYGP FT GFKTAVTGTFKKKIDQQRVIVGDLASASTLAMVLLLAYLAFHFRSALSVGLTMAPVMAG FT LGWTYGFVGLAYGQVNLLTGFLAAVLGGLGVEHGIHLLGRYTTLRSEGMNSEEAVDESF FT ...
NLA for Her Her Omega - 100 Softgels - eVitamins.com
Buy NLA for Her Her Omega - 100 Softgels at the lowest price from eVitamins. Find Her Omega reviews, side effects, coupons and more from eVitamins.
Precipitation of Barite by Myxococcus xanthus: Possible Implications for the Biogeochemical Cycle of Barium | Applied and...
SEM revealed that barite crystals initially appear inside spherical aggregates. This may indicate that crystal growth evolves from spheres (Fig. 1A and B, sphere 1) to aggregates in which barite crystals become visible (Fig. 1B, spheres 2 and 3, and C, D, and E), a hypothesis which is also supported by TEM observations (Fig. 2). Figure 2A shows the spherical aggregates in which barite crystals start to form. Electron diffraction images show the polycrystalline nature of these aggregates and the nearly random orientation of the crystals. In the EDX analyses, the composition of these phases can be seen to be dominated by P and Ba, in addition to Si and Ca (no sulfate was detected at this stage). Figure 2B shows an aggregate (sphere 1) similar to that in Fig. 2A and a denser barite crystal. Denser crystals can also be seen in Fig. 2C. EDX analysis again revealed that the lower-density aggregates are composed of P and Ba, as well as Si and Ca. In contrast, the denser barite crystals are mostly ...
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), XANTHUS, XANTHUS, XANTHUS
XANTHUS (Ξάνθος: Eth. Ξάνθιος), the greatest and most celebrated city of Lycia, was situated according to Strabo (xiv. p.666) at a distance of 70 stadia from the mouth of the river Xanthus, and according to the Stadiasmus ( § 247) only 60 stadia. Pliny (5.28) states the distance at 15 Roman miles, [p. 2.1333]which is much too great. (Comp. Steph. B. sub voce s. r.; Ptol. 5.3.5; Mela, 1.15; Plb. 26.7.) This famous city was twice destroyed, on each of which occasions its inhabitants defended themselves with undaunted valour. The first catastrophe befell the city in the reign of Cyrus, when Harpagus besieged it with a Persian army. On that occasion the Xanthians buried themselves,, with all they possessed, under the ruins of their city. (Hdt. 1.176.) After this event the city must have been rebuilt; for during the Roman civil wars consequent upon the murder of Caesar, Xanthus was invested by the army of Brutus, as its inhabitants refused to open their gates to him. Brutus, after a ...
File crda.spec of Package crda - openSUSE Build Service
spec file for package crda (Version 1.1.1) # # Copyright (c) 2010 SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Nuernberg, Germany. # # All modifications and additions to the file contributed by third parties # remain the property of their copyright owners, unless otherwise agreed # upon. The license for this file, and modifications and additions to the # file, is the same license as for the pristine package itself (unless the # license for the pristine package is not an Open Source License, in which # case the license is the MIT License). An Open Source License is a # license that conforms to the Open Source Definition (Version 1.9) # published by the Open Source Initiative. # Please submit bugfixes or comments via http://bugs.opensuse.org/ # # norootforbuild Url: http://linuxwireless.org/en/developers/Regulatory/CRDA Name: crda Summary: 802.11 central regulatory domain agent Version: 1.1.1 Release: 1 Group: Hardware/Wifi License: BSD3c(or similar) Source: %{name}-%{version}.tar.bz2 BuildRoot: ...
Protein S expression from pCold ProS2 DNA | Anti-Protein S Monoclonal Antibody
Anti-Protein S monoclonal antibody is used to detect ProS2-fused protein expressed by using pCold ProS2 DNA (Cat. #3371). ProS2 is about 23 kDa of a tandem-dimer from the N-terminal domain of Protein S, a soluble protein derived from Myxococcus xanthus.
Protein S expression from pCold ProS2 DNA | Anti-Protein S Monoclonal Antibody
Anti-Protein S monoclonal antibody is used to detect ProS2-fused protein expressed by using pCold ProS2 DNA (Cat. #3371). ProS2 is about 23 kDa of a tandem-dimer from the N-terminal domain of Protein S, a soluble protein derived from Myxococcus xanthus.
DPF is a cell-density sensing factor, with cell-autonomous and non-autonomous functions during Dictyostelium growth and...
Cellular functions can be regulated by cell-cell interactions that are influenced by extra-cellular, density-dependent signaling factors. Dictyostelium grow as individual cells in nutrient-rich sources, but, as nutrients become depleted, they initiate a multi-cell developmental program that is dependent upon a cell-density threshold. We hypothesized that novel secreted proteins may serve as density-sensing factors to promote multi-cell developmental fate decisions at a specific cell-density threshold, and use Dictyostelium in the identification of such a factor. We show that multi-cell developmental aggregation in Dictyostelium is lost upon minimal (2-fold) reduction in local cell density. Remarkably, developmental aggregation response at non-permissive cell densities is rescued by addition of conditioned media from high-density, developmentally competent cells. Using rescued aggregation of low-density cells as an assay, we purified a single, 150-kDa extra-cellular protein with density aggregation
The Absolute Configuration of Rhizopodin and Its Inhibition of Actin Polymerization by Dimerization.
Angewandte Chemie DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802915 Protein-Inhibitor Complexes The Absolute Configuration of Rhizopodin and Its Inhibition of Actin Polymerization by Dimerization** Gregor Hagelueken, Simone C. Albrecht, Heinrich Steinmetz, Rolf Jansen, Dirk W. Heinz, Markus Kalesse, and Wolf-Dieter Schubert* In 1993 the novel polyketide rhizopodin (Figure 1) was isolated from the myxobacterium Myxococcus stipitatus.[1] Rhizopodin was found to dramatically affect the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells even at nanomolar concentrations,[2] an ability traced to its property of binding and thereby inhibiting Figure 1. Structure of rhizopodin. a) Originally proposed monolactone structure. b) Revised, C2-symmetric dilactone structure including stereochemistry. c) Ball-and-stick model of the biologically active conformation of rhizopodin. The C2 symmetry is demonstrated by the superposition of rhizopodin (green) with a copy rotated by 1808 (red). The stereochemical assignment of stereogenic centers related by ...
Motility protein FimV, N-terminal (IPR020012) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.
3.2.9 Taste transduction-II - Chemosensory system | Coursera
Video created by Peking University for the course Advanced Neurobiology II. 2000+ courses from schools like Stanford and Yale - no application required. Build career skills in data science, computer science, business, and more.
a duck story: Nota berkaitan dengan Spondilitis TBC(Kasus SOCA 2011)
Diskus intervetebralis memberikan perlekatan yang kuat antara bahagian corpus vertebra yang saling berhubungan dan menyatukan mereka menjadi sebuah kolumnar kontinue yang bersifat semirigid (semifleksible ) serta membentuk setengah bahagian inferior dinding anterior dari foramen intervetebra. ...
Trini food to make you smile in the Square Mile
Although officially launched on Wednesday 24 October, Soca News was treated to an exclusive tasting session the day before at Limin, the new Caribbean
ESG Regulation: 3 Ways To Ensure Success Beyond March 2021 - Alpha FMC
With just over 4 weeks to go to the Level 1 SFDR deadline and with clarity on Level 2 now published, ESG regulatory momentum is not slowing down.
AIM & ESG - do they mix?
This year has seen record levels of investment into sustainable and responsible investment. The same can be said for the year previous and the year before that. ESG investing is an undeniable and perpetual growth story which is not slowing down and is exp...
ASMscience | 21 Bacillus subtilis Spo
This chapter focuses on Bacillus subtilis multicellularity, emphasizing the two-cell differentiation process of endospore formation and attempting to note similarities to Myxococcus xanthus. While cell growth, division, motility, and chemotaxis clearly play roles in forming bioconvection patterns, complex colonies, and macrofibers, these multicellular phenomena have not yet been subjected to systematic genetic analysis. In contrast, recently discovered multicellular behaviors of biofilm formation and swarming motility are rapidly being elucidated by genetic and genomic approaches. The most studied and best understood multicellular behaviors of B. subtilis are the development of genetic competence (the ability to take up exogenous DNA) and sporulation. The chapter summarizes the understanding of how morphogenesis and intercellular signaling control the activity of cell-specific s factors, focusing on recent progress and attempting to identify questions that remain. It also reviews the results of genomic
The role of pknG in mycobacterial physiology, including M. tuberculosis :: University of Southern California Dissertations and...
134 23. Geier H, et al. (2008) Autoinducer-2 triggers the oxidative stress response in Mycobacterium avium, leading to biofilm formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 1798-1804. 24. Gopalaswamy R, et al. (2008) Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation and sliding motility are affected by the serine/threonine protein kinase PknF. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 278, 121-127. 25. Hanlon WA, et al. (1997) Pkn9, a Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in the development of Myxococcus xanthus. Mol. Microbiol. 23, 459-471. 26. Harper C, et al. (2008) Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a comparison with mechanisms in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Streptomyces coelicolor. IUBMB life 60, 643-650. 27. Houben EN, et al. (2009) Differential expression of a virulence factor in pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 72, 41-52. 28. Hunter T (1995) Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling. Cell 80, 225-236. 29. Jefferson KK ...
Structure Cluster - 1NHK: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE KINASE AND ITS INTERACTION...
1NHK: The 1.9 A crystal structure of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase complex with adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate: evidence for competitive inhibition.
Developmental Gene Expression And Apoptotic Changes, 978-620-0-45929-9, 6200459290 ,9786200459299 通过 Ananga...
Developmental Gene Expression And Apoptotic Changes, 978-620-0-45929-9, This book is aimed at giving comprehensive knowledge to the students about simple and solid surface vitrification techniques on in-vitro produced caprine pre-implantation embryos with respect to development and apoptosis. It also gives a comprehensive idea about the expression pattern of panel of genes related to cellular metabolism, cellular division process and effective fusion with maternal epithelial cells in caprine pre-implantation embryos.
07 | October | 2017 | Breast Cancer-derived Factors Stimulate Osteoclastogenesis
may be the etiological agent of human melioidosis, a disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from fatal septicemia to chronic localized infection or asymptomatic latent infection. interferon (IFN-), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte JIB-04 chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) were induced during chronic infection, and histopathological analysis showed features in common with human melioidosis. Interestingly, many of these features were similar to those induced by in humans, such as development of a collagen cord that encapsulates the lesions, the presence of multinucleated giant cells, and granulomas with a caseous necrotic center, which may explain why chronic melioidosis is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Our model now provides a relevant and practical tool to define the immunological features of chronic melioidosis and aid in the development of more effective treatment of this disease in humans. is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is ...
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GO Terms Descrition:, negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, DNA binding, nucleus, multicellular organismal development, epidermal cell fate specification, embryonic body morphogenesis, sequence-specific DNA binding, plasma membrane fusion, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, formation of anatomical boundary, locomotion, embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching, regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ...
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Protein kinases that catalyze covalent modification of other proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues provide a major mechanism for control of cellular processes in eukaryotes. The roles of these enzymes in prokaryotes, however, have been less evident. The abundance of newly sequenced genomes allowed Perez et al. to analyze the kinomes of more than 600 prokaryotic genomes. The authors bioinformatic analysis, with particular focus on sequences from seven strains of myxobacteria, showed that two-thirds of the prokaryotes had eukaryotic-like kinases (ELKs). The largest numbers of ELKs were found in the myxobacteria, which interact with one another to hunt in swarms and undergo multicellular developmental programs in response to starvation. The repertoire of nearly 900 ELKs in these bacteria rivals the genomic density of such enzymes in eukaryotes. The myxobacterial enzymes had modular organization that included domains with sequence similarity to domains used in ...
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Examination of each of these periods of time-the past, the present, and the future-has its own peculiar quality and its own problems. We examine the past for a variety of reasons. One of the most...
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ESG at Top 1% Leading Employers in Germany, ESG again top4women in 2019, opening of an ESG MOBILITY office in Ingolstadt and many more exciting articles ...
High Grade White Heroin Coming Back to Haunt UK
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