Cattle from Northern Portugal, many with pulmonary lesions typical of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSC), which is the causative agent of CBPP, with several detection tests. sandwich ELISA that included a Culture enrichment stage, and 2 different PCR diagnostic systems were used to detect MmmSC in lung and mediastinal lymph node tissues from these animals. The comparison of typical CBPP pathology with the results of detection revealed that no single one of these methods provided a perfect match to the pathological data. Best performing tests were the PCR with laser induced fluorescence and PCR with pleuroTRAP kit (Chemicon, Australia), which are diagnostic systems based on amplification of genomic MmmSC DNA Followed by sensitive detection of the amplified products. These were followed by the broth-enriched sandwich ELISA, Which uses a monoclonal antibody specific to the M. mycoides cluster, to ...

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) and is a vast problem in Africa. Current CBPP prevention is based on attenuated live strain vaccines, but these are limited by factors such as short-term immunity, cold-chain dependence and retained virulence. CBPP can be diagnosed using post-mortem examination, identification of the agent using culture and PCR based methods as well as serological diagnostic methods, but the latter are generally not sensitive enough and there is also demand for an inexpensive, pen side field test.The research presented in this thesis was focused on using recombinantly expressed surface proteins from M. mycoides SC to characterize humoral immune responses to CBPP. Thereby candidate proteins to be used in development of serological diagnostic methods and possibly subunit vaccines could be identified. As a first step, five putative variable surface proteins of M. ...

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) which is widespread in Africa. The main control option is a live vaccine, with low efficacy and a short duration of immunity. Development of an efficacious CBPP vaccine requires understanding immunogenicity of the antigens and protective immune responses. A series of experiments were undertaken to establish whether components of the Mmm, including whole cell lysate, membrane proteins and capsular polysaccharide can induce protection. Three separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the capacities to protect and detect possible correlations with immunological responses. The first experiment examined the efficacy of inactivated vaccine formulations: heat inactivated and formalin inactivated Mmm were compared with the live attenuated vaccine. Second experiment involved evaluation of a vaccine formulation generated from the Mmm membrane protein components. The third ...

Scanning electron microscopy and immunogold labelling were used to provide ultrastructural evi- dence that LppQ is located to the cell membrane at the outer surface of M.. The

The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a major mechanism used by bacteria for uptake of carbohydrates, particularly hexoses, hexitols, and disaccharides, where the source of energy is from PEP. The PTS consists of two general components, enzyme I (EI) and histidine phosphocarrier protein (HPr), and of membrane-bound sugar specific permeases (enzymes II). Each enzyme II (EII) complex consists of one or two hydrophobic integral membrane domains (domains C and D) and two hydrophilic domains (domains A and B). EII complexes may exist as distinct proteins or as a single multidomain protein. The PTS catalyzes the uptake of carbohydrates and their conversion into their respective phosphoesters during transport. There are four successive phosphoryl transfers in the PTS. Initial autophosphorylation of EI, using PEP as a substrate, is followed by transfer of the phosphoryl group from EI to HPr. EIIA catalyzes the self-phosphoryl transfer from HPr after which the ...

Citation. Chandran S, Noskov VN, Segall-Shapiro TH, Ma L, Whiteis C, Lartigue C, Jores J, Vashee S, Chuang RY. TREC-IN: Gene Knock-in Genetic Tool for Genomes Cloned in Yeast.. BMC Genomics. 2014 Jul 01; 15: 1180.. External Citation. Abstract. With the development of several new technologies using synthetic biology, it is possible to engineer genetically intractable organisms including Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc), by cloning the intact bacterial genome in yeast, using the host yeasts genetic tools to modify the cloned genome, and subsequently transplanting the modified genome into a recipient cell to obtain mutant cells encoded by the modified genome. The recently described tandem repeat coupled with endonuclease cleavage (TREC) method has been successfully used to generate seamless deletions and point mutations in the mycoplasma genome using the yeast DNA repair machinery. But, attempts to knock-in genes in some cases have encountered a high background of transformation due to ...

Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute JCVI, a not-for-profit genomic research organization, published results today describing the successful construction of the first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell. The team synthesized the 1.08 million base pair chromosome of a modified Mycoplasma mycoides genome. The synthetic cell is called Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 and is the proof of…

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We report the design, synthesis, and assembly of the 1.08-mega-base pair Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 genome starting from digitized genome sequence information and its transplantation into a M. capricolum recipient cell to create new M. mycoides cells that are controlled only by the synthetic chromosome. The only DNA in the cells is the designed synthetic DNA sequence, including watermark sequences and other designed gene deletions and polymorphisms, and mutations acquired during the building process. The new cells have expected phenotypic properties and are capable of continuous self-replication.. ...

Advances in synthetic biology methods to assemble and edit DNA are enabling genome engineering at a previously impracticable scale and scope. The synthesis of the Mycoplasma mycoides genome followed by its transplantation to convert a related cell into M. mycoides has transformed strain engineering. This approach exemplifies the combination of newly emerging chromosome-scale genome editing strategies that can be defined in three main steps (1) chromosome acquisition into a microbial engineering platform, (2) alteration and improvement of the acquired chromosome, and (3) installation of the modified chromosome into the original or alternative organism. In this review, we outline recent progress in methods for acquiring chromosomes and chromosome-scale DNA molecules in the workhorse organisms Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We present overviews of important genetic strategies and tools for each of the three organisms, point out their respective strengths and ...

A colored scanning electronic micrograph of synthesized Mycoplasma mycoides, bacteria with a genome containing one million base pairs. Now scientists have created an E.coli genome four times larger.. After some preliminary experiments, he and his colleagues designed a modified version of the E. coli genome on a computer that only required 61 codons to produce all of the amino acids the organism needs.. Instead of requiring six codons to make serine, this genome used just four. It had two stop codons, not three. In effect, the researchers treated E. coli DNA as if it were a gigantic text file, performing a search-and-replace function at over 18,000 spots.. Now the researchers had a blueprint for a new genome four million base pairs long. They could synthesize the DNA in a lab, but introducing it into the bacteria - essentially substituting synthetic genes for those made by evolution - was a daunting challenge.. The genome was too long and too complicated to force into a cell in one attempt. ...

The process starts on the computer, where Gibson pulls up the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoides. Its a relatively simple one, comprising just 1,078,809 DNA base pairs that make up about 900 genes. (In comparison, E. coli bacteria have about 4,400 genes.) Gibson and his colleagues have made a few changes: theyve deleted 14 genes from the sequence and added others. To create a watermark distinguishing their creation, they developed a code that converts English into the four-letter alphabet of DNA and used it to modify the genome, incorporating their names, a URL, a few sentences, and an e-mail address into the genome.. Gibsons group then uses software to divide the modified genome into 1,100 sections, each about 1,080 base pairs long--a size that can be made economically with a DNA synthesizer, a machine that pieces together stretches of DNA from individual base pairs supplied in bottled solutions. Finally, the researchers enlist yeast cells to stitch these long sections together, a ...

cat sub.sh # Automated submission script # Chris Neale November 2007 echo -n TIMING TEST (start): date #!/bin/bash MD=$1 MYNP=$2 MYMOL=$3 TJUMP=$4 NJUMPS=$5 NFRAMES_IN_XTC=$6 SAVE_FREQUENCY=$7 NJUMPS_POSRE=$8 NEVER_USE_SORT_SHUFFLE=$9 CLUSTER=${10} DOUBLE_CHECK_DESORT=${11} case $CLUSTER in *) ED=/tools/gromacs-3.3.1/exec/bin PED=${ED} mpiLocation=/tools/openmpi/1.2.1 mpirunProg=${mpiLocation}/bin/mpirun mdrun_mpiProg=mdrun_openmpi_v1.2.1 ############################################### # For LAM mpi # # mpiLocation=/tools/lam/lam-7.1.2 # # mpirunProg=${mpiLocation}/bin/mpirun C # # mdrun_mpiProg=mdrun_mpi # ############################################### ;; esac case $CLUSTER in *) DD=/home/`whoami`/gromacs/template ;; esac # The NEW variable allows use of a special writing location (e.g ${TMPDIR} or /scratch/`whoami`) case $CLUSTER in *) NEW=. ;; esac case $CLUSTER in *) CPP=cpp ;; esac PATH=$PATH:. cd ${MD} TINY_SLEEP=1 SHORT_SLEEP=10 ...

Page 1 of 2 - why sometimes big or small colonies? - posted in Molecular Cloning: my colonies on agar plates are sometimes small and very close to each other, or sometimes big and separate? why does this happen? Im using TOP10 and incubate 16-18 h at 37 C. Its very hard to pick small colonies.

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* Add parameter instance_communication_parameter to the Python ganeti.objects.Cluster and the Haskell Ganeti.Objects.Cluster. * Update Haskell QueryClusterInfo to return also the instance_communication_network parameter. * Update Python LUClusterQuery to return also the...

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CONTAGIOUS bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC, is one of the most important cattle diseases in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Traditionally, CBPP has been controlled by the live T1/44 vaccine, which has been used in Africa for over 60 years. Vaccination has been shown to be successful when coverage of the cattle population of a country or region is high and maintained over successive years. However, it is well known that the vaccine provides only short-term immunity, can cause severe adverse reactions and is rarely effective in the face of a severe outbreak. Furthermore, mathematical modelling has shown that even a mass vaccination campaign over a five-year period is unlikely to achieve eradication unless other strategies are also used (Mariner and Catley 2004). Previously, it was believed … ...

Elise Schiecka, Anne Liljandera and Joerg Joresa,b aInternational Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya bInstitute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Str. 122, Postfach 3001, Bern, Switzerland Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP),

Blood samples collected from 945 cattle at four local abattoirs in Turkey were examined for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) by the complement fixation test (cFT) and competitive ELISA (cELISA). In addition, the carcases of the animals were examined macroscopically at the abattoirs and 62 lung samples which had lesions suggestive of CBPP were collected for bacteriological culture. To identify suspicious isolates the PCR was used in addition to the routine biochemical tests. By the cFT, two of the 945 serum samples were seropositive, and by the cELISA, four of them were seropositive. In the bacteriological culture of the lungs, growth was observed in 18 (29 per cent) of the samples by the observation of turbidity in the broths. However, when these broths were inoculated into an agar base, growth was observed in only three (4-8 per cent) samples. These isolates were identified as Mycoplasma species on the basis of biochemical tests. In the PCR analysis of DNA extraded from the broths, none ...

The variation in sequence length within and among species might results from evolution and differentiation [10]. There are cases where variability might results from DNA duplication, DNA rearrangement, short tandem repeat (STR), insertions or deletion of sequences [11]. The length variation observed within and across species in this study might be due to differences in the genomic region where the sequences were obtained from and differences due to complete coding or partial coding. In CBPP and CCPP proteins, the sequences are partial coding sequences (CDS) from DNA and had sequence length that are less than six thousand base pair (,6000bp). This variability might initiate unique structures between individual members in conferring different biological activities. Many important biological processes such as cell signaling, transport of membrane-impermeable molecules, cell-cell communication, cell recognition and cell adhesion are mediated by membrane proteins [12]. Although there has been some ...

COUNCIL DECISION of 20 February 1989 introducing a Community financial measure for the eradication of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Portugal (89/145/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 43 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (1), Whereas the presence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was established in Portugal in 1983 and a national campaign was immediately instituted for the eradication of this insidious and fatal disease; Whereas the continued presence of this disease militates against the free movement of bovine animals; Whereas the final eradication of this disease constitutes an essential prerequisite for the establishment - with regard to trade in cattle - of the internal market in bovine animals as well as for increasing the productivity of breeding and, consequently, improving ...

The right lung (1) has a normal pink colour and has collapsed as the chest was opened. The left lung (2) has not collapsed; it is firm, discoloured and fleshy. It is coated with a yellow fibrin deposits, which are also present on the inside of the ribs. Often parts of the lungs adhere to the chest wall ...

There are currently 8 complete genome sequences, and 4 that are in progress. (click [Organism:exp here] for the NCBI genome list for Mycoplasma). Mycoplasma genitalium is thought to have the smallest genome of any self-replicating organism, measuring only 580,070 bp long with just 470 open reading frames. Its overall G+C content is 32%. The regions of lowest G+C content are around the origin of replication. The genome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is much longer at 816 kbp, containing 209 open reading frames in the additional 236 kbp, giving it a total of 679 open-reading frames. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 232 is 892,758 bp long with G+C content of 28.6 mol%. It has 53 ORFs and is the largest family is the 34-member ABC transporter family. Mycoplasma mobile 163K is 777,079 bp long with 517 ORFs and has one of the lowest DNA G+C contents of 24.9% and most reduced set of tRNAs of any organism yet reported. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC str. PG1 is 1,211,703 bp long with with the lowest G+C ...

Citation. Labroussaa F, Lebaudy A, Baby V, Gourgues G, Matteau D, Vashee S, Sirand-Pugnet P, Rodrigue S, Lartigue C. Impact of Donor-recipient Phylogenetic Distance on Bacterial Genome Transplantation.. Nucleic Acids Research. 2016 Aug 03;. External Citation. Abstract. Genome transplantation (GT) allows the installation of purified chromosomes into recipient cells, causing the resulting organisms to adopt the genotype and the phenotype conferred by the donor cells. This key process remains a bottleneck in synthetic biology, especially for genome engineering strategies of intractable and economically important microbial species. So far, this process has only been reported using two closely related bacteria, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcap), and the main factors driving the compatibility between a donor genome and a recipient cell are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of the evolutionary distance between donor and recipient ...

A mathematical model of the effects of chronic carriers on the within-herd spread of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in an African mixed crop-livestock system. Endothelial type nitric oxide synthase in sildenafil skeletal muscle fibers: mitochondrial relationships. Again, there was no significant difference in the time course of VO2 from 40 minutes to 220 minutes after exercise, between exercise and non-exercise days. Fat oxidation during storage can lead to the loss of nutritive value and generation of toxic products such as lipid peroxides. X-ray and NMR studies of the DNA oligomer d(ATATAT): Hoogsteen base pairing in duplex DNA. Sacrolumbar intersegmental reflex circuit in men and its relation to the ejaculatory process. Involving physicians in purchasing decisions can improve patient care and staff collaboration. Effect of ammonia poisoning from urea on the properties of ruminal liquor in ruminants Action in vitro of 2-5-bis-methoxy-ethoxy-3-6-bisethyleneimino-benzoquinone (Bayer E 39) on ...

Early reaction means carrying out without delay the disease control activities needed to contain the outbreak and then to eliminate the disease and infection in the shortest possible time and in the most cost-effective way, or at least to return to the status quo and to provide the objective, scientific evidence that one of these objectives has been attained.. The emphasis here has been on promoting the principles of contingency planning and emergency preparedness in order to have a capability for rapid response to a disease incursion.. Contingency planning guides have been prepared both for generic plans and especially for rinderpest, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, foot-and-mouth diseases, Rift Valley fever and African swine fever.. Workshops on contingency planning have been conducted in Africa, Central Europe and Asia. ...

M. haemolytica is responsible for causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, a bacterial disease which causes pneumonia and inflammation of the lung membranes and Bordetella bronchiseptica is an evolutionary progenitor ...

M. haemolytica is responsible for causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, a bacterial disease which causes pneumonia and inflammation of the lung membranes and Bordetella bronchiseptica is an evolutionary progenitor ...

Because of the very similar physiological properties and base sequences of the 16S rRNAs of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis, some taxonomists question the validity of separating these organisms into distinct species. DNA relatedness studies based on spectrophotometrically measured renaturation rates were carried out to determine the taxonomic relationships of the three species. A study of 58 strains revealed that the levels of relatedness between B. cereus and B. mycoides and between B. cereus and B. thuringiensis ranged from 22 to 44% and from 59 to 69%, respectively. On the basis of the moderately high levels of DNA relatedness which we determined, B. cereus and B. thuringiensis appeared to be genetically related but taxonomically distinct entities. The B. mycoides group was genetically distantly related to the B. cereus group and represented a separate taxon. Furthermore, our data indicated that the B. mycoides group consists of two genetically distinct groups, ...

Marine cyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus represent numerically dominant photoautotrophs residing throughout the euphotic zones in the open oceans and are major contributors to the global carbon cycle. Prochlorococcus has remained a genetically intractable bacterium due to slow growth rates and low transformation efficiencies using standard techniques. Our recent successes in cloning and genetically engineering the AT-rich, 1.1 megabase (Mb) Mycoplasma mycoides genome in yeast encouraged us to explore similar methods with Prochlorococcus. Prochlorococcus MED4 has an AT-rich genome, with a GC content of 30.8%, similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (38%), and contains abundant yeast replication origin consensus sites (ACS) evenly distributed around its 1.66 Mb genome. Unlike Mycoplasma cells, which use the UGA codon for tryptophane, Prochlorococcus uses the standard genetic code. Despite this, we observed no toxic effects of several partial and 15 whole Prochlorococcus MED4 genome ...

mpne, Mycoplasma pneumoniae; mgen, Mycoplasma genitalium; mpul, Mycoplasma pulmonis; mmob, Mycoplasma mobile; mmyc, Mycoplasma mycoides; mgal, Mycoplasma gallisepticum; uure, Ureaplasma urealyticum; phyt, ; bsub, Bacillus subtilis; cace, Clostridium acetobutylicum; ecoli, Escherichia coli K-12 ...

mpne, Mycoplasma pneumoniae; mgen, Mycoplasma genitalium; mpul, Mycoplasma pulmonis; mmob, Mycoplasma mobile; mmyc, Mycoplasma mycoides; mgal, Mycoplasma gallisepticum; uure, Ureaplasma urealyticum; phyt, ; bsub, Bacillus subtilis; cace, Clostridium acetobutylicum; ecoli, Escherichia coli K-12 ...

The production of artificial life is supposedly just around the corner. But ever since the famous 1953 Miller and Urey experiment failed to spark life in the laboratory just from chemicals, that corner has proven painstakingly long to get around.. In August, biologist Craig Venter of the J. Craig Venter Institute in Maryland was reported as predicting that artificial life is just months away.1 His team had cloned, added to, and modified the DNA of a simple bacterium called Mycoplasma mycoides (a prokaryote).. The complex procedure they used involved taking plasmid sequences from yeast (eukaryote) and adding them to the Mycoplasma chromosome. This engineered chromosome was swapped for the yeast genome, making a reproducing, yeast-like bacterium. This series of steps promises to expedite the transfer of an artificially synthesized genome into a cell. Researcher Sanjay Vashee said that his team had achieved a major advance in our effort to create a synthetic cell.1. A number of questions, ...

All cells share a universal, minimal set of biochemical processes, essential to all life. The search for defining this minimal set has lead to the synthetic assembly of the first minimal cell, JCVI-syn3.0: a cell with only 473 genes, the bare minimum requirements for independent cellular life. Its genetic basis was Mycoplasma mycoides; the Mycoplasmas have long been of interest to investigate fundamentals of life due to their evolutionarily reduced genomes, and at the same time represent an important class of pathogens, implicated in diseases such as pneumonia, urogenital diseases and certain types of cancer. Thus, JCVI-syn3.0 constitutes a platform to study the function of every gene that is essential for cellular life, and provides simultaneously a prototype for investigating cellular networks in a number of pathogens. The small (sub-micrometer) size and simple genome of JCVI-syn3.0, together with the timely availability of proteomics and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) data in progress, ...

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By this I mean that the word stress in such adjectives depends on how the stem to which the suffix is attached ends. (Obviously, we are dealing here with words of three or more syllables, i.e. with stems of two or more syllables.) If the stem ends in what Chomsky and Halle (The Sound Pattern of English) call a weak cluster, then the stress goes on the preceding syllable. If it ends in a strong cluster, then the stress goes on that syllable itself. A weak cluster consists of a short vowel followed by a maximum of one consonant. A strong cluster, on the other hand, has either a long vowel, or 2+ following consonants, or both. So a weak cluster reflects a Latin single-mora (light) syllable, while a strong cluster reflects a Latin multi-mora (heavy) syllable ...

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In article ,1995Jan18.164926.1 at molbiol.ox.ac.uk,, rpgrant at molbiol.ox.ac.uk wrote: , Hi yall , , I seem to remember reading about a PCR-based approach for mycoplasma , detection. , , Any ideas? , , Richard Try the Stratagene Kit. It worked well in our hands. --\\------//-----------------------------\\------//--- \\ // Alan Lyons \\ // \\ // Email lyons at cyclid.demon.co.uk \\ // ,, Tel. 0753 534655 ,, ,, Molecular Biology Dept. ,, ,, Celltech Therapeutics Ltd ...

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Kid Capri - Lord`s Party Lyrics. But bust this though everybody Yo, we havin a party, a Lords party A party for the Lords, the Lords with the party thing All of a sudden,

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Spending quality time with friends and family is one of the most important things anyone can enjoy. Ciara and her close friend Vanessa Bryant got together for a slumber party with her daughters, Capri Koe and Bianka Bella.

Hi Capri, very nice collection! Wow.... what a nice and clear set of pictures. Her Heart Line is very interesting. Her Thumb set and thumb shape are surpris