The activities of eight quinolones (ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, A-80556, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin and tosufloxacin) and three macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin) against 98 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 120 isolates of five different atypical mycobacterial species including 20 Mycobacterium kansasii, 25 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, 25 Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare, 25 Mycobacterium chelonae and 25 Mycobacterium fortuitum were determined with the Middlebrook 7H9 broth macrodilution method. Sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were active against M. tuberculosis (MIC90 0.06-0.5 mg/L; MBC90 0.125-2.0 mg/L). However, higher MIC90S and MBC90S of these quinolones were obtained for strains of multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis. The macrolides tested had poor activity against M. tuberculosis isolates (MIC90 , 8.0 mg/L). Furthermore, high MIC90S of the quinolones and macrolides (2.0 to 8.0 ... p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ... Susceptibility testing of clinically significant isolates of the rapidly growing mycobacteria is recommended because these organisms differ in susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents commonly used for therapy (2, 4, 11-16). Based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, many laboratories in the United States do such testing by a variety of methods (21). No standardized susceptibility test method currently exists for the rapidly growing mycobacteria, but investigators who have studiedM. abscessus, M. chelonae, and the M. fortuitum group extensively recommend broth microdilution testing (3, 11, 12). Data concerning other species of rapidly growing mycobacteria are very limited. Because of variability in the appearance of growth of M. abscessus, M. chelonae, and the M. fortuitum group in microdilution trays, unlike most bacterial isolates, interpretation of the MIC may be difficult. The primary focus of our study, therefore, was to evaluate the reproducibility of the broth ... Analysis of the reference M. abscessus ATCC 19977 complete genome sequence yielded 3538 intergenic spacers with , 300 spacers were 200-700 bp in length. Successful PCR sequencing was achieved for 8 spacers in all the isolates studied; the sequences were deposited in the GenBank database (GenBank accession: KC352850 - KC352890). In M. abscessus isolates, including the 37 sequenced genomes, the spacer sequence variability was generated by one to 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (spacers n°1 and n°8), one to 18 SNPs and one to two nucleotide deletions (spacer n°2), one to two SNPs (spacers n°3 and n°7) and nucleotide insertion (spacers n°2 and n°5). In "M. bolletii" isolates, the spacer sequence polymorphisms were generated by one SNP for spacer n°1, two SNPs and one deletion for spacer n°2, two SNPs for spacer n°3 and nine SNPs for spacer n°7. In "M. massiliense" isolates, including 28 sequenced genomes, the spacer sequence polymorphism were generated by nine SNPs and one ... Among the rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), the members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex are the species most often associated with human infections (11). Therapy of these infections is quite different from the treatment of tuberculosis and also from the treatment of disease caused by other, slowly growing mycobacteria (2). There are many differences in the susceptibility of the members of this group of mycobacteria in published studies, and several of them revealed that in vitro susceptibility correlates with clinical response to therapy (10). Here we report a study of the in vitro susceptibility of these species to some antimicrobials, including newly developed ones.. A total of 94 (Mycobacterium fortuitum [48 strains],Mycobacterium chelonae [25 strains], Mycobacterium mucogenicum [3 strains], Mycobacterium peregrinum[12 strains], and Mycobacterium abscessus [6 strains]) strains of RGM isolated from clinical samples were tested. Prior to testing, strains were subcultured, checked for ... After reports of long-term rashes from tattoos, a CDC investigation showed it to be Mycobacterium chelonae, a hardy and fast-growing bacteria that can be found in tap water. It can lead not just to rashes (technically this is a "granulomatous inflammation"), but cellulitis, difficult-to-treat infections, and abscesses are possible as well. It is especially dangerous for immunosuppressed people, for example those with HIV/AIDS. In addition, and this must be noted in the age of eye tattoos, ocular keratitis and related conditions can occur, as the eye has specific weaknesses in regards to this bacteria. The rash-type infections are quite common in tattoos, and can come and go in some people as they flare up in certain conditions with itchiness, sometimes painful, and small raised bumps, often with redness, although this may not always be visible in the case of a solid tattoo, especially blackwork. It typically starts two to three weeks after the tattoo is done, but can also take longer. Assorted ... In the current study, six out of 139 CF patients, suffering from NTM disease, mainly due to M. abscessus, are described. It was found that ABPA and systemic steroid therapy were associated with this complication. As this is a rare condition, the series of patients with NTM reported in this study is small, and, therefore, the statistical analysis must remain weak at best. Nevertheless, it is believed that this experience underlines an important and challenging clinical aspect in CF.. NTM infection appears to be an emerging disease. A clinical microbiology laboratory in Israel reported that NTM and, in particular, the species M. chelonae (of which M. abscessus was previously considered a subspecies), M. fortuitum and M. simiae are increasing in incidence 19. During 1996-1999, 135 specimens from 9,391 patients cultured positive for NTM. Of these, five patients had M. chelonae. Between 2000 and 2003, 364 out of 9,031 patients were culture positive for NTM (p,0.0001) and, of these, 51 had M. chelonae ... Laencina L, Dubois V, Le Moigne V, Viljoen A, Majlessi L, Pritchard J, Bernut A, Piel L, Roux AL, Gaillard JL, Lombard B, Loew D, Rubin EJ, Brosch R, Kremer L, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F. Identification of genes required for Mycobacterium abscessus growth in vivo with a prominent role of the ESX-4 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 01 30; 115(5):E1002-E1011 ... Skin infected with M. abscessus is usually red, warm, tender to the touch, swollen, and/or painful. Infected areas can also develop boils or pus-filled vesicles. Other signs of M. abscessus infection are fever, chills, muscle aches, and a general feeling of illness. However, for a definite diagnosis, the organism has to be cultured from the infection site or, in severe cases, from a blood culture. A medical provider should evaluate the infection to determine if it may be due to M. abscessus.. Diagnosis is made by growing this bacterium in the laboratory from a sample of the pus or biopsy of the infected area. When the infection is severe, the bacterium can be found in the blood and isolated from a blood sample. To make the diagnosis, your healthcare provider will have to take a sample from the infected area and/or blood and send it to a laboratory for identification. It is important that persons who have any evidence of infection at a site where they received procedures, such as surgery or ... Trehalose polyphleates, external cell wall lipids in Mycobacterium abcessus, are associated with the formation of clumps with cording morphology, which have been associated with virulence" by M. Llorens-Fons, M. Pérez-Trujillo, E. Julián, C. Brambilla, F. Alcaide, T. F. Byrd and M. Luquin. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8:1402. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01402. Mycobacterium abscessus is a reemerging pathogen that causes pulmonary diseases similar to tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When grown in agar medium, M. abscessus strains generate rough (R) or smooth colonies (S). R morphotypes are more virulent than S morphotypes. In searching for the virulence factors responsible for this difference, R morphotypes have been found to form large aggregates (clumps) that, after being phagocytozed, result in macrophage death. Furthermore, the aggregates released to the extracellular space by damaged macrophages grow, forming unphagocytosable structures that ... Mycobacterium abscessus is an important hospital-acquired pathogen involved in infections associated with medical, surgical, and biopharmaceutical materials. In this work, we investigated the pressure-induced inactivation of two strains [2544 and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 19977] of M. abscessus in combination with different temperatures and pH conditions. For strain 2544, exposure to 250 MPa for 90 min did not significantly inactivate the bacteria at 20 A degrees C, whereas at -15 A degrees C, there was complete inactivation. Exposure to 250 MPa at a parts per thousand yen60 A degrees C caused rapid inactivation, with no viable bacteria after 45 min. With 45 min of exposure, there were no viable bacteria at any temperature when a higher pressure (350 MPa) was used. Extremes of pH (4 or 9) also markedly enhanced the pressure-induced inactivation of bacteria at 250 MPa, with complete inactivation after 45 min. In comparison, exposure of this strain to the disinfecting agent ... Mesotherapy treatments have been performed throughout Europe, South America, and more recently the United States for over fifty years. However physicians have expressed concern over the efficacy of mesotherapy, arguing that the treatment hasnt been studied enough to make a determination. The primary issue is that mesotherapy for the treatment of cosmetic conditions hasnt been the subject of gold standard clinical trials; however the procedure has been studied for the pain relief of other ailments, such as tendonitis, tendon calcification, dental procedures, cancer, cervicobrachialgia, arthritis, lymphedema, and venous stasis.[2] Further, there have been case series and numerous medical papers on the mesotherapy as a cosmetic treatment, as well as studies that employ the ingredients used in mesotherapy.[2] The other side of the debate is expressed by Rod Rohrich, M.D., Chairman, Dept. of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas: "There is simply no data, no ... TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical efficacy and safety of multidrug therapy including thrice weekly intravenous amikacin administration for Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease in outpatient settings. T2 - A case series. AU - Namkoong, Ho. AU - Morimoto, Kozo. AU - Nishimura, Tomoyasu. AU - Tanaka, Hiromu. AU - Sugiura, Hiroaki. AU - Yamada, Yoshitake. AU - Kurosaki, Atsuko. AU - Asakura, Takanori. AU - Suzuki, Shoji. AU - Fujiwara, Hiroshi. AU - Yagi, Kazuma. AU - Ishii, Makoto. AU - Tasaka, Sadatomo. AU - Betsuyaku, Tomoko. AU - Hoshino, Yoshihiko. AU - Kurashima, Atsuyuki. AU - Hasegawa, Naoki. PY - 2016/8/9. Y1 - 2016/8/9. N2 - Background: Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) pulmonary disease is a refractory chronic infectious disease. Options for treating M. abscessus pulmonary disease are limited, especially in outpatient settings. Among parenteral antibiotics against M. abscessus, intravenous amikacin (AMK) is expected to be an effective outpatient antimicrobial therapy. This study ...