TY - JOUR. T1 - Self-reported physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Australian adults with type 2 diabetes, with and without peripheral neuropathy. AU - Nolan, Rebecca. AU - Raynor, Annette. AU - Berry, Narelle. AU - May, Esther. PY - 2016/12/1. Y1 - 2016/12/1. N2 - Objectives The aim of this study was to survey the level of self-reported physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes, with and without peripheral neuropathy. Methods A sample of South Australian adults (n=481) 33 to 88 years of age who had type 2 diabetes, including 55 people with peripheral neuropathy, completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Levels of self-reported physical activity were compared between those with and without peripheral neuropathy. Results People with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy (median [Mdn]=1433; interquartile range [IQR]=495 to 3390 metabolic equivalent minutes per week [MET-min/wk]) were less physically active than ...

A new report reveals that the overall physical activity levels of Canadian kids are lagging behind those of youngsters from other nations.. For the first time, Active Healthy Kids Canada is using its annual Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth to see how Canadians measure up to kids in 14 other countries.. The findings were released Tuesday at the first-ever Global Summit on the Physical Activity of Children being held in Toronto.. Canadian children and youth were assigned a D minus grade for overall physical activity levels.. Canada trailed near the back of the international pack along with Australia, Ireland and the U.S. - who were also each assigned a D minus - while Scotland received an F.. Mozambique and New Zealand topped the list for overall physical activity levels with each country assigned a B grade.. The report found that 84 per cent of Canadian three-to-four-year-olds met early years guidelines of at least 180 minutes of daily physical activity at any ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to be the third leading cause of premature death and disability in Canada and around the world by the year 2020. The study aims to compare objective physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in a population-based sample of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare a group, and to investigate whether these behaviors differ according to COPD severity. From the 2007-2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey dataset, accelerometer and prebronchodilator spirometry data were available for 6441 participants, aged 35 to 79. Two weighted analyses of covariance were performed with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, accelerometer wearing time, season, work, smoking (cotinine), education level, and income. A set of sensitivity analyses were carried out to examine the possible effect of COPD and type of control group. A cross-sectional weighted analysis indicated that 14.6% of study participants had a measured airflow ...

Objectives: The European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) research project compared several physical activity (PA) measures (including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) in a time series survey in eight countries of the European Union. The present paper describes first results provided by the different instruments regarding PA participation, frequency and duration, both at the European and national levels. The purpose of the present study is to explore and compare the specific quality and usefulness of different indicators rather than to provide valid and reliable prevalence data. Thus, the main focus is on discussion of the methodological implications of the results presented. Methods: A time series survey based on computer-aided telephone interviewing (CATI) was carried out in eight European countries over a six-month period. The study provided for about 100 realised interviews per month in each country (i.e. ~600 per country). Descriptive statistical ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevalence and correlates of state and regional disparities in vigorous physical activity levels among US children and adolescents. AU - Singh, Gopal K.. AU - Kogan, Michael D.. AU - Siahpush, Mohammad. AU - Van Dyck, Peter C.. PY - 2009/1. Y1 - 2009/1. N2 - Background: This study examines state and regional disparities in vigorous physical activity levels among US children age 6 to 17 years. Methods: The 2003 National Survey of Childrens Health was used to calculate vigorous physical activity (VPA) and no days of vigorous physical activity (NVPA) prevalence by state and geographic region. Logistic and least squares regression were used to analyze geographic disparities. Results: Vigorous physical activity levels varied substantially across geographic areas, with the East Southcentral region of the US having the highest NVPA prevalence (13.4%) and the Pacific region the lowest prevalence (9.1%). Children in Georgia and Tennessee had 2.2 to 2.3 times higher odds and children in ...

The Venezuelan 2018 Report Card updated the information available on the 2016 Report Card6 and compiled the information available for the 10 core physical activity indicators that are common to the Global Matrix 3.0 (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, Government). In addition, Cardiometabolic Risk, Physical Activity for Children and Youth with a Disability, and Nongovernment initiatives indicators were included. These indicators were clustered into 1 of 3 categories: Daily Behaviors (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors), Settings and Sources of Influence (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment), and Strategies and Investments (Government, Nongovernment (NGO), Physical Activity Initiatives for Children and Youth with ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Factors associated with change in objectively measured physical activity in older people. T2 - data from the Physical Activity Cohort Scotland study. AU - Clarke, Clare. AU - Sniehotta, Falko F.. AU - Vadiveloo, Thenmalar. AU - Argo, Ishbel. AU - Donnan, Peter. AU - McMurdo, Marion. AU - Witham, Miles. N1 - Funding: Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government. Grants CZH/4/518 and CZG/2/569. PY - 2017/8/14. Y1 - 2017/8/14. N2 - Background: Cross-sectional relationships between physical activity and health have been explored extensively, but less is known about how physical activity changes with time in older people. The aim of this study was to assess baseline predictors of how objectively measured physical activity changes with time in older people.Methods: Longitudinal cohort study using data from the Physical Activity Cohort Scotland. A sample of community-dwelling older people aged 65 and over were recruited in 2009-2011, then followed up 2-3 years later. Physical activity ...

According to Wilcox et al. (2000), rural women are more sedentary than urban women and they identify more personal barriers to engagement in physical activity. Despite the use of tailored interventions, older adults have not improved their adherence to or adoption of physical activity behaviors over the past decade (CDC, 2002). The use of a socio-ecological framework similar to one proposed by McLeroy et al. (1988) may increase our understanding of individual, social, and environmental factors that influence physical activity in rural older women. The purpose of this study was to identify individual, environmental, and social factors that influence physical activity participation for older adult women living in rural Georgia. This case study employed the constant comparative method to analyze data collected from interviews, observations and document analysis. The community for the case was a moderate sized rural town in South Georgia. Findings indicate that there are individual, environmental, ...

The current study examined objectively measured physical activity data collected on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults and thus provided a unique opportunity to investigate total physical activity and various levels of physical activity intensity across racial/ethnic and sex groups. The most striking findings were the relatively higher amounts of physical activity among Hispanic men and women compared to their male and female counterparts.. This current effort indentified a pattern of higher physical activity levels in Hispanic men compared to white and black men. The results also indicate that Hispanic women engage in more light physical activity compared to their white and black counterparts. This is in contrast to previous results from national surveys, which have indicated that Hispanic men and women are less active compared to their white and black counterparts. Results from the 1994-2004 BRFSS showed that Hispanic men and women reported greater amounts of inactivity than ...

Background: Evidence suggests that childhood physical activity may play a role in the etiology and prevention of adult chronic diseases. Because researchers must often depend on self-recalled physical activity data many years after the exposure, it is important to understand factors which may influence adult recall of childhood physical activity. This study evaluated the influence of adult characteristics on reported childhood physical activity and the association between adult physical activity and self-recalled childhood physical activity. Methods: 48,066 post-menopausal women from the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study reported their physical activity level during ages 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19. Results: In this cohort, over 65% of the population reported the same category of physical activity over the three childhood age groups. While higher levels of childhood physical activity were significantly associated with higher adult physical activity, this association varied by race/ethnicity,

The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy and reliability of the Physical Activity Assessment Tool (PAAT). This self-administered tool is designed to help physicians determine the level of physical activity of their patients and aid in counseling their patients. Sixty-eight active and underactive volunteers between the ages of 18 and 64 were recruited from a university community in New Orleans. Participants completed the PAAT and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ) twice and wore a Manufacturing Technology Inc. accelerometer for 14 days.. Key Findings:. ...

It is still not known whether overweight men have different patterns and socio-demographic correlates of self-reported physical activity (PA) compared with normal-weight men. Thus, this study examined the perceived PA patterns and associated socio-demographic factors among normal-weight and overweight Japanese men. Data were analyzed for 1,420 men (aged 44.48.3years) who responded to an Internet-based cross-sectional survey relating to socio-demographic variables, BMI status, and a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analyses were employed. Normal-weight men were significantly more likely to attain 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous PA than overweight men (26.6% vs. 21.3%; p=0.035), whereas there were no significant proportional differences in total PA and walking between the two BMI subgroups. With PA, a significant interaction was observed between BMI status and household income (p=0.004 for total PA; p

We described physical activity measures and hourly patterns in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after stratification for generic and COPD-specific characteristics and, based on multiple physical activity measures, we identified clusters of patients. In total, 1001 patients with COPD (65% men; age, 67 years; forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV 1 ], 49% predicted) were studied cross-sectionally. Demographics, anthropometrics, lung function and clinical data were assessed. Daily physical activity measures and hourly patterns were analysed based on data from a multisensor armband. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were applied to physical activity measures to identify clusters. Age, body mass index (BMI), dyspnoea grade and ADO index (including age, dyspnoea and airflow obstruction) were associated with physical activity measures and hourly patterns. Five clusters were identified based on three PCA components, which accounted for 60% of ...

Social-Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986, 1999) served as the framework to explore overweight childrens perceptions of different physical activity settings. Participants were children (n = 67) enrolled in an after-school and summer program for overweight African-American and Hispanic-American children from low-income families. To gain insight into the childrens thoughts encompassing their participation in both the after school/summer program and their physical education classes at their respective elementary schools, all of the children individually participated in semistructured interviews. Children enjoyed their involvement in the after-school/summer program and described social, physical, and cognitive benefits related to their participation. Interview data also revealed childrens ideas and suggestions for adapting physical education to enhance participation in physical activity. Based on these results, instructional and management strategies focusing on promoting a nurturing

Background Excess adipose tissue and low physical activity are two major determinants for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Understanding these relationships requires accurate and precise measures of body composition and physical activity, and most existing observational studies lack such measures. Paper I to III in this thesis addresses the validity of measures of physical activity and abdominal adipose mass. In paper IV and V, we explore the relationships between obesity and physical activity on metabolic health in non-pregnant and pregnant women and their offspring.. Methods and Results Two hundred men and women representative of the Northern Sweden EPIC cohort were recruited for Paper I. A questionnaire on physical activity (PAQ) was validated against objectively measured physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). A categorical physical activity index (Cambridge index) calculated from PAQ showed strongest correlation with PAEE (r=0.33 p,0.05). In Paper ...

A short epoch is strongly recommended for child and adolescent samples to obtain a real picture of young peoples physical activity behavior and to prevent accumulation of counts reflecting the average activity level when longer epochs are used. Activity prevalence studies using epoch lengths of 5 …

The Transportation Research Board and the Institute of Medicine formed a 14-member committee to examine the connection between the built environment and the physical activity levels of the U.S. population.

Background: Few studies have investigated the association between physical activity practice and medicine use; data from these studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between level of physical activity and medicine use in adults aged 20 years or more. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the first semester of 2002 in the urban area of Pelotas; a medium-sized Southern Brazilian city. Physical activity was assessed with the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A physical activity score was created as the weekly time spent in moderate-intensity activities plus twice the weekly time spent in vigorous-intensity activities. Medicine use in the 15 days prior to the interview was also assessed. Adjusted analyses taking into account the sampling design was carried out using Poisson regression. Wald tests for heterogeneity and linear trend were used to calculate significance. Results: Out of the 3,182 ...

In 2011, 83% of Australian children aged 4-5 years who did not attend school were attending a preschool, or a preschool programme in an ECEC service and 54% of 2-3 year olds usually attended formal childcare such as long day care.15 In comparison, 93% of children in the UK are enrolled in formal care16 and 26% of children under the age of 6 attend centre-based care in the US.17 ECEC services such as long day care are an important setting for increasing physical activity in the early years, yet international evidence shows that a significant proportion of preschoolers fail to meet physical activity recommendations while attending day care.18 ,19. The day care physical environment has the potential to either positively or negatively influence physical activity and the overall health and development of young children in care.14 ,20-22 A 2010 review identified that more space per child and open play areas were correlated with increased physical activity of children attending day care.20 The presence ...

Background: While socio-economic status has been shown to be an important determinant of health and physical activity in adults, results for children and adolescents are less consistent. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine whether physical activity and sedentary behavior differs in children by socio-economic status (SES) independent of body mass index. Methods: Data were from two cohorts including 271 children (117 males; 154 females) in study 1 and 131 children in study 2 (63 males; 68 females). The average age was 9.6 and 8.8 years respectively. Height and body mass were assessed according to standard procedures and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated. Parent-reported household income was used to determine SES. Habitual, free-living physical activity (PA) was assessed by a pedometer (steps/day) in study 1 and accelerometer (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA) in study 2. Self-reported time spent watching TV and on the computer was used as measure of sedentary ...

Abstract. Background: The benefits of physical activity in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are considerable. Knowledge about factors that correlate to physical activity is helpful in order to develop successful strategies to increase physical activity in persons with MS. Previous studies have focused on correlates to physical activity in MS, however falls self-efficacy, social support and enjoyment of physical activity are not much studied, as well as if the correlates differ with regard to disease severity. The aim of the study was to examine associations between physical activity and age, gender, employment, having children living at home, education, disease type, disease severity, fatigue, self-efficacy for physical activity, falls self-efficacy, social support and enjoyment of physical activity in a sample of persons with MS and in subgroups with regard to disease severity.. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study including Swedish community living adults with MS, 287 persons, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Age-Related Change in Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls. AU - Pate, Russell R.. AU - Stevens, June. AU - Webber, Larry S.. AU - Dowda, Marsha. AU - Murray, David M.. AU - Young, Deborah R.. AU - Going, Scott. PY - 2009/3/1. Y1 - 2009/3/1. N2 - Purpose: To determine the annual rate at which physical activity changes in girls during middle school using both objective and self-report measures of physical activity. Methods: Participants were sixth- and eighth-grade girls from the control schools in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). Random cross-sectional samples initially were drawn from sixth-grade girls (n = 786) and 2 years later from eighth-grade girls (n = 1545). A cohort of 501 girls was in both the sixth- and the eighth-grade samples. The girls wore an accelerometer for 6 days and completed the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall. Data were summarized using 3.0-, 4.6-, and 6.5-metabolic equivalent cutpoints for accelerometry and self-reported physical activity. ...

Research Paper Title A Systematic Review of Reliability and Objective Criterion-related Validity of Physical Activity Questionnaires. Background Physical inactivity is one of the four leading risk factors for global mortality. Accurate measurement of physical activity (PA) and in particular by physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) remains a challenge. The aim of this paper was to provide…

The new study involved 80 HIV-positive people in the Successful Aging Seniors With HIV (SASH) study, all between 50 and 70 years old. SASH members undergo a battery of neurocognitive tests encompassing seven domains. Study participants self-reported physical activity on an examiner-administrated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which queries people on frequency and duration of walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity over the past 7 days. IPAQ yields a continuous score based on minutes/week x intensity for each activity level ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity patterns of older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in comparison with younger adults with ID and older adults without ID. A sample of 109 participants was included in the study. Sophisticated data reduction, time stamped technology, and multiple objective measures (i.e., pedometers and accelerometers) were used to determine physical activity intensities and walking patterns of participants. Results indicate that older adults with ID are performing less physical activity than comparison groups. A small proportion of older adults with ID (6%) met national physical activity recommendations of 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous physical activity in bouts greater than ten minutes across the week (USDHHS, 2008). Sedentary behavior was also an observable factor in this study. These findings demonstrate the need for health promotion efforts for adults with ID across the lifespan ...

Physical Activity Assessments for Health-Related Research by Gregory J. Welk Physical Activity Assessments for Health-Related Researchis a comprehensive guide on the use of physical activity instruments in health-related research. Written by internationally known experts in exercise science and physical activity epidemiology, the text provides researchers with practical information about the most effective ways to collect, score, and interpret physical activity data for research purposes. Editor Gregory J. Welk, PhD, expertly compiles the most relevant research on physical activity assessment to help readers understand the history, current trends, and approaches involved in the study of physical activity. Emphasizing instruments for health-related research, the text provides specific resources for analyzing and interpreting data and includes several new assessment techniques. This reference provides the following tools to help you with your research: -Reviews of various techniques, including ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this position statement was to inform the choice of physical activity tools for use within CF research and clinical settings. METHODS: A systematic review of physical activity tools to explore evidence for reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Narrative answers to four key questions on motion sensors, questionnaires ... read more and diaries were drafted by the core writing team and then discussed at the Exercise Working Group in ECFS Lisbon 2013. RESULTS AND SUMMARY: Our current position is that activity monitors such as SenseWear or ActiGraph offer informed choices to facilitate a comprehensive assessment of physical activity, and should as a minimum report on dimensions of physical activity including energy expenditure, step count and time spent in different intensities and sedentary time. The DigiWalker pedometer offers an informed choice of a comparatively inexpensive method of obtaining some measurement of physical activity. The HAES represents an informed ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The dose-response association between V̇O2peak and self-reported physical activity in children. AU - Nevill, Alan M.. AU - Duncan, Michael. AU - Sandercock, Gavin. PY - 2020/5/13. Y1 - 2020/5/13. N2 - Background: Previous research into the association between aerobic fitness and physical activity in children is equivocal. However, previous research has always assumed that such an association was linear. This study sought to characterize the dose-response association between physical activity and aerobic fitness and to assess whether this association is linear or curvilinear and varies by sex, age and weight status. Methods: Physical activity (assess using the Physical Activity Questionnaire), aerobic fitness (20 m shuttle-run), BMI, screen-time and socio-demographic data were collected at ages 12, 14 and 16 years in (n = 1422) volunteers from 9 English schools. Multilevel-regression modelling was used to analyse the longitudinal data. Results: The analysis identified a ...

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of physical activity of secondary students in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. This study also examined between school variability in physical activity levels, and identified school and student level characteristics that are associated with physical activity. Methods: This cross sectional study used the COMPASS Year 2 data. This data contained information on 79 secondary schools in Ontario and 10 in Alberta, as well as student level information on 45,298 grade 9 to 12 students who attend those schools. Multilevel modeling was used to examine associations between physical activity and school and student level characteristics. Physical activity is measured by three outcome measures: achieving 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily, achieving the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiologys (CSEP) guideline for youth physical activity (achieving 60 minutes of MVPA daily as well as achieving at least 3 days per week of vigorous ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Patterns of 12-year change in physical activity levels in community-dwelling older women. T2 - can modest levels of physical activity help older women live longer?. AU - Xue, Qian Li. AU - Bandeen-Roche, Karen. AU - Mielenz, Thelma J.. AU - Seplaki, Christopher L.. AU - Szanton, Sarah L.. AU - Thorpe, Roland J.. AU - Kalyani, Rita R.. AU - Chaves, Paulo H.M.. AU - Dam, Thuy Tien L.. AU - Ornstein, Katherine. AU - RoyChoudhury, Arindam. AU - Varadhan, Ravi. AU - Yao, Wenliang. AU - Fried, Linda P.. PY - 2012/9/15. Y1 - 2012/9/15. N2 - Few studies have addressed changes in physical activity participation over time among the elderly. The authors hypothesized that there were distinct trajectories of physical activity level over time and identifiable predictors of such trajectories, as well as that the maintenance of regular physical activity, even below recommended levels, was associated with lower mortality risk. Using longitudinal data (1994-2009) from 433 initially ...

Background: Physical activity for persons with Parkinson Disease (PD) is recommended yet little is known about the physical activity levels in this patient population. The primary aim was to assess the feasibility of using a direct measurement and self-report measure of physical activity in patients with PD. Methods: Physical activity was recorded in 11 out-patients with mild to moderate PD. An accelerometer based sensor system (SenseWear Pro Armband?) which was worn continuously over 2 days was used to measure physical activity. Minute by minute energy expenditure and steps per day were recorded. Self-report physical activity was measured using the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) which assessed average weekly activity. Results: Using the accelerometer based sensor system, 83% of the day was spent in sedentary activity with the majority active time spent at a light intensity (2.7 [SD 2.0] hrs/day). Self-reported mean number of hours for activities greater than 2

Better knowledge on why some individuals succeed in maintaining participation in physical activity throughout adolescence is needed to guide the development of effective interventions to increase and then maintain physical activity levels. Despite allowing an in-depth understanding, qualitative designs have infrequently been used to study physical activity maintenance. We explored factors contributing to the maintenance and the decline of physical activity during adolescence. Questionnaires were administered to 515 grade 10-12 students. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents was used to determine physical activity level at the end of adolescence. An adapted version of this questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity in early adolescence. Among both genders, we identified participants who maintained a high level of physical activity since grade 7 and some whose activity level declined. For each category, groups of 10 students were randomly selected to take part in focus group

Physical activity has a range of health benefits for older people. The aim of this study was to determine physical activity prevalence and attitudes amongst respondents to a trial screening survey. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Subjects were community dwelling older people aged ≥ 65 years, recruited via general practices in Victoria, Australia. Participants completed a mailed screening tool containing the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Active Australia survey and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. Of 330 participants, 20% were ≥ 80 years. Activity levels were similar to those reported in population studies. The proportion of participants reporting physical activity was greatest for the walking category, but decreased across categories of physical activity intensity. The oldest-old were represented at all physical activity intensity levels. Over half reported exercising at levels that, according to national criteria are, sufficient to attain health benefit. A greater

Molecular genetic studies suggest the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) may be implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As little is known about the potential motor role of D1R in ADHD, animal models may provide important insights into this issue. We investigated the effects of a full and selective D1R agonist, SKF-81297 (0.3, 3 and 10 mg/kg), on motor behaviour and expression of the plasticity-associated gene, c-fos, in habituated young adult male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), the most commonly used animal model of ADHD, and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY; the strain from which SHR were derived). SHR rats were more behaviourally active than WKY rats after injection with vehicle. The 0.3 mg/kg dose of SKF-81297 increased motor behaviour (locomotion, sifting, rearing, and sniffing) in both SHR and WKY rats. Total grooming was also stimulated, but only in WKY rats. The same dose increased c-fos mRNA expression in the piriform cortex of both strains. The 3 mg/kg dose increased sifting and

The present study was performed to examine all-cause mortality rate in a cohort of 192 hemodialysis patients. Forty (20.8%) patients died during the observation period lasting up to 7 years, with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death. Almost one quarter of the patients showed a decline in physical activity over time, which was significantly related to elevated mortality risk independent of patient characteristics and baseline physical activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between change in physical activity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Our findings suggest that it is important to prevent a decline in physical activity over time in hemodialysis patients to improve their prognosis.. Only a few studies have examined changes in physical activity evaluated with an accelerometer or pedometer and mortality. Yates et al. reported that a decrease and an increase of approximately 25% in steps per day from baseline were noted in 25.2 and 24.9% of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Spatial attentional bias as a marker of genetic risk, symptom severity and stimulant response in ADHD. AU - Bellgrove, Mark A AU - Barry, Edwina. AU - Johnson, Katherine A AU - Cox, Marie. AU - Daibhis, Aoife. AU - Daly, Michael. AU - Hawi, Ziarih. AU - Lambert, David. AU - Fitzgerald, Michael. AU - McNicholas, Fiona. AU - Robertson, Ian H. AU - Gill, Michael. AU - Kirley, Aiveen. PY - 2008/9. Y1 - 2008/9. N2 - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable childhood onset disorder that is marked by variability at multiple levels including clinical presentation, cognitive profile, and response to stimulant medications. It has been suggested that this variability may reflect etiological differences, particularly, at the level of underlying genetics. This study examined whether an attentional phenotype-spatial attentional bias could serve as a marker of symptom severity, genetic risk, and stimulant response in ADHD. A total of 96 children and adolescents with ADHD ...

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The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for physical activity surveillance in countries. It collects information on physical activity participation in three settings (or domains) as well as sedentary behaviour, comprising 16 questions (P1-P16).. The GPAQ covers several components of physical activity, such as intensity, duration, and frequency, and it assesses three domains in which physical activity is performed (occupational physical activity, transport-related physical activity, and physical activity during discretionary or leisure time).. The GPAQ has been developed for face-to-face interviews conducted by trained interviewers. It has been tested in large scale population-based surveys with the general adult population.. It is advised that show cards be used when the GPAQ is administered. Show cards should be developed for each of the activity types covered by the GPAQ: vigorous and moderate activity at work, transport activity, ...

Background: The co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in one individual, commonly known as multimorbidity, has become a major public health problem among the elderly. Physical activity has proven to be an essential means to mitigate chronic morbidity and disability. Therefore, we hypothesized that physical activity was inversely associated with multimorbidity. Currently, epidemiological studies addressing this research question are lacking.. Methods: Using data from 1,007 men and women aged 65-94 years who participated in the population-based KORA-Age project conducted in Augsburg/Germany and two adjacent counties in 2009, thirteen chronic conditions were identified through a standardized telephone interview and a self-administered questionnaire. Physical activity scores were calculated based on the self-reported physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE), comprised of occupational, household and leisure activity items. Sex-specific logistic regression adjusted for age, BMI, ...

Over the last decade, physical activity has become a key outcome domain in the assessment of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Physical activity can be defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in energy expenditure. Both physical and mental aspects of health in RMDs have been associated with optimal levels and patterns of physical activity. Also, intervention studies promoting physical activity in people with RMDs have largely confirmed these health benefits. Although there is consensus on its importance, the assessment of physical activity is complex and research in this area is rapidly growing. This lecture will therefore give a narrative overview of the state-of-the-art assessment of physical activity in RMDs considering the perspective of a researcher, a clinician, a patient and (to a lesser extent) the general population.. In a first part, this lecture will discuss the relationship between physical activity and energy expenditure. More ...

PubMed journal article Self-reported physical activity behavior of breast cancer survivors during and after adjuvant therapy: 12 months follow-up of two randomized exercise intervention trial were found in PRIME PubMed. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone or iPad.

PA energy expenditure (PAEE) is the most variable component of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) and largely due to the balance of sedentary time (SedT) and low intensity physical activity (LIPA). There has been an emergence for seeking an understanding of factors which determine variations in SedT, LIPA, and PAEE. Sedentary behavior and physical activity are relatively resistant to change by experimental dietary treatments and significant body weight changes. Although caffeine (Caf) is by far the most heavily used nutritional agent ingested to promote a sense of vigor/alertness, it is still unknown if Caf is effective in increasing PAEE and physical activity. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that 2 daily doses of Caf (as a capsule to blind the treatment and divided equally during breakfast and lunch) increase PAEE and TEE, and it would do so through increasing the frequent and brief bouts of physical activity (~1-5 min long) through the day as measured by accelerometry. In 21 low Caf users

This study aims to examine factors that influence changes in levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviours from the important preschool years, across the transition to school and early school years. It is intended that the findings of this study will make a useful contribution to our ability to effectively prevent the detrimental health outcomes associated with inactivity through enhanced knowledge of factors that influence physical activity and sedentary behaviour participation among young children ...

Given the growing rates of type 2 diabetes and the documented benefits of physical activity in the treatment of this illness, further research is needed to examine methods of targeting this patient group to achieve improvements in physical activity behavior. The primary aim of this planning grant is to implement a pilot study examining the feasibility and efficacy of an individually-targeted, theoretically-based physical activity intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes. The physical activity intervention is compared to usual care, and the primary outcome is weekly physical activity at a one-month follow-up. These pilot data would demonstrate the feasibility of partnering with a community agency for participant recruitment and program implementation, as well as the potential efficacy of this intervention to promote physical activity in this high-risk population ...

On Friday, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released a new report identifying interventions that can help increase physical activity in youth aged 3-17 years across a variety of settings. The primary audiences for the report are policymakers, health care providers, and public health professionals. APTA submitted comments in December 2012 on the draft report. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report: Strategies to Increase Physical Activity Among Youth summarizes intervention strategies based on the evidence from literature reviews and is organized into 5 settings where youth live, learn, and play: school, preschool and childcare, community, family and home, and primary health care.. Key findings of the report suggest that: ...

NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts: Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment (R01) PAR-09-224. NCI

NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts: Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment (R01) PAR-06-104. NCI

Physical inactivity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease, obesity, type II diabetes and some types of cancers. Studies have shown that genetics play a significant role in the regulation of voluntary physical activity. However, these studies involve ad libitum access to wheel running, which may cause confounded results due to a training effect, especially in inherently high active animals. This study investigated the levels of gene expression of four potential candidate genes that have been noted to be expressed differentially between high and low active animals: Myostatin (Mstn), Calsequestrin 1 (Casq1), Glucose Transporter member 4 (Slc2a4), and Leptin Receptor (Lepr). These genes where evaluated in previously used high active (C57L/J, n=6) and low active (C3H/HeJ, n=6) inbred mice that were housed with a locked running wheel. The locked wheel eliminated potential training effects on gene expression. Total RNA was isolated from soleus and nucleus accumbens tissue and quantitative real

This unit introduces students to the field of physical activity and health. The unit begins by exploring the benefits of physical activity and risks of sedentary behaviour and then moves on to understand physical activity participation. In this regard, common theories of behaviour change are explored as are key correlates of physical activity participation. An introduction to physical activity interventions is provided as is an introduction to the importance of physical activity in the lives of specific population sub-groups including older adults and underserved populations. Throughout the unit, students are required to source and reflect on high quality evidence in particular to design an appropriate and safe physical activity program that addresses known barriers to participation and fosters adoption and maintenance.. ...

Data on physical activity in older adults in Germany is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze physical activity patterns and to explore factors associated with physical activity in different domains, i.e. sporting activities (SA) and domestic activities (DA), in older men and women. As part of the 7-year follow-up telephone interviews of the getABI cohort (community-dwelling older adults in Germany), the PRISCUS-PAQ was used to survey participants about their everyday physical activity patterns. Time per week (hh:mm) spent in SA and DA (heavy housework, gardening) was analyzed for men and women. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in order to assess the odds of participating in SA and DA for at least 2.5 hours/week in association with sociodemographic factors, a broad range of physical health-related factors and interview date (season of the year). A total of 1,610 primary health care patients (51.6% women) with a median age of 77 (range 72-93) years were included in the