Mucoid strains of Moraxella nonliquefaciens were recovered from the sputa of three indigenous Australians with chronic lung disease. These atypical strains failed to reduce nitrate, and one strain produced beta-lactamase. While the mucoid phenotype o
TY - JOUR. T1 - Branhamella catarrhalis peritonitis in two continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. AU - MacArthur, Rodger David. PY - 1990/1/1. Y1 - 1990/1/1. N2 - Two cases of peritonitis caused by Branhamella catarrhalis are presented. Both occurred in CAPD patients dialyzed and hospitalized at the same institution, but no common source of infection could be found. Branhamella catarrhalis infections can be difficult to treat and cause significant morbidity if not recognized early and treated aggressively with appropriate antibiotics.. AB - Two cases of peritonitis caused by Branhamella catarrhalis are presented. Both occurred in CAPD patients dialyzed and hospitalized at the same institution, but no common source of infection could be found. Branhamella catarrhalis infections can be difficult to treat and cause significant morbidity if not recognized early and treated aggressively with appropriate antibiotics.. KW - Branhamella catarrhalis. KW - CAPD. KW - Case reports. KW - ...
Methods for identifying Neisseria spp. include conventional and modified carbohydrate degradation procedures, chromogenic enzyme substrate tests, and immunologic coagglutination tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this study, we evaluated the abilities of the RIM-N carbohydrate degradation system (American MicroScan, Campbell, Calif.), the Gonochek II enzymatic identification system (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.), and the Phadebact Gonococcus coagglutination test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) to identify pathogenic Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis. Both stock strains and clinical isolates, including 176 N. gonorrhoeae, 173 Neisseria meningitidis, 48 Neisseria lactamica, and 12 B. catarrhalis strains, were tested. The RIM-N identified 98% of the gonococci, 99% of the meningococci, 94% of the N. lactamica strains, and 100% of the B. catarrhalis strains within 1 h. The Gonochek II system identified 99% of the gonococci, 97% of the meningococci, 100% of the N. lactamica ...
Laribacter hongkongensis is associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea and it can reside in human, fish, frogs and water. In this study, we performed an in-depth annotation of the genes in its genome related to adaptation to the various environmental niches. L. hongkongensis possessed genes for DNA repair and recombination, basal transcription, alternative σ-factors and 109 putative transcription factors, allowing DNA repair and global changes in gene expression in response to different environmental stresses. For acid stress, it possessed a urease gene cassette and two arc gene clusters. For alkaline stress, it possessed six CDSs for transporters of the monovalent cation/proton antiporter-2 and NhaC Na+:H+ antiporter families. For heavy metals acquisition and tolerance, it possessed CDSs for iron and nickel transport and efflux pumps for other metals. For temperature stress, it possessed genes related to chaperones and chaperonins, heat shock proteins and cold shock
Referencias:. 1. Hill JD, O'Brien TG, Murray JJ, et al. Prolonged Extracorporeal Oxygenation for Acute Post-Traumatic Respiratory Failure (Shock-Lung Syndrome)-Use of the Bramson Membrane Lung. N Eng J Med 1972;286:629-34. [ Links ] 2. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Database, International Summary. (2016, July). Recuperado de www.elso.org. [ Links ] 3. El Houmami N, Cointat V, Mirand A. An Outbreak of Kingella kingae Infections Complicating a Severe Hand, Foot, And Mouth Disease Outbreak in Nice, France, 2016. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(5):530-32. [ Links ] 4. Petti CA, Bhally HS, Weinstein MP, et al. Utility of Extended Blood Culture Incubation for Isolation of Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella Organisms: a Retrospective Multicenter Evaluation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2006;44(1):257-59. [ Links ] 5. Martínez P, Romero C, Torroba L, Pérez A. Endocarditis por Kingella Kingae. An Pediatr (Barc). 2011;74(4):274-5. [ Links ] 6. Berkun Y, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Moraxella bovis RTX toxin locus mbx defines a pathogenicity island. AU - Hess, John F.. AU - Angelos, John A. PY - 2006/4. Y1 - 2006/4. N2 - To characterize flanking regions of the mbx operon in Moraxella bovis, DNA surrounding mbxCABDtolC was sequenced in haemolytic and nonhaemolytic strains of M. bovis. In two haemolytic strains of M. bovis, the mbx operon, including the adjacent M. bovis tolC orthologue, was flanked by approximately 700 bp imperfect repeats. Nonhaemolytic strains of M. bovis had only one or no such repeats, as well as ORFs identical to those flanking the repeats from haemolytic M. bovis. Two nonhaemolytic strains also contained ORFs with deduced amino acid sequence similarity to bacterial araJ genes. The G + C content of the mbxCABDtolC gene region was lower than the flanking regions. The genetic organization and G + C content of mbxCABDtolC genes, and flanking repeats in haemolytic M. bovis, as well as the presence or absence of flanking repeats in ...
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific pathogen that causes otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1, 2), but it can also be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx. The reason for differences in clinical presentation remains unclear, as genome analysis of M. catarrhalis isolates suggests a highly conserved genome with virulence determinants present in strains of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic origins (3, 4).. One potential explanation for the differences in pathology is differential regulation. Previous studies show that M. catarrhalis strains have a phase-variable DNA methyltransferase, ModM, that can alter the expression of a phase-variable regulon, known as a phasevarion (5, 6). Three alleles of ModM have been identified that have distinct DNA recognition domains and are hypothesized to alter different phasevarions. The modM3 allele is more frequently associated with strains isolated from the middle ear during otitis media than the nasopharynx ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Nasal inoculation of the commensal neisseria lactamica inhibits carriage of neisseria meningitidis by young adults. T2 - A controlled human infection study. AU - Deasy, Alice M.. AU - Guccione, Ed. AU - Dale, Adam P.. AU - Andrews, Nicholas. AU - Evans, Cariad M.. AU - Bennett, Julia S.. AU - Bratcher, Holly B.. AU - Maiden, Martin C.J.. AU - Gorringe, Andrew. AU - Read, Robert C.. N1 - Funding Information: Financial support. This work was supported by Life for a Cure, a charity established by Michelle and John Bresnahan in memory of their son Ryan; and Meningitis UK (now Meningitis Now). Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts. Funding Information: Acknowledgments. Infrastructure and Service support was provided by the National Institute of Health Research Clinical Research Network, UK. We are grateful to the university volunteers who took part in this project and would also like to thank Abida Nazir and the staff in the Clinical Research Unit at the ...
Other articles where Moraxella bovis is discussed: infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: Moraxella bovis is usually found in discharge from the affected eye; other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, are also often present. Ultraviolet rays from the sun may play a role in the inflammation; face flies may transmit the disease. Beef cattle afflicted with the…
Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins. M. catarrhalis is a human pathogen with an affinity for the human upper respiratory tract. Other primates, such as macaques, might become infected by this bacterium. M. catarrhalis was previously placed in a separate genus named Branhamella. The rationale for this was that other members of the genus Moraxella are rod-shaped and rarely caused infections in humans. However, results from DNA hybridization studies and 16S rRNA sequence comparisons were used to justify inclusion of the species M. catarrhalis in the genus Moraxella. As a consequence, the name Moraxella catarrhalis is currently preferred for these bacteria. Nevertheless, some in the medical field continue to ...
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BACKGROUND: When hormones are detected in the serum of patients with bronchial carcinoma they are generally considered to originate from the tumour, but this may be not the only explanation. Pulmonary endocrine cells proliferate in lungs affected by non-neoplastic disease and their products are often demonstrable in the serum. The aim of this study was to examine the pulmonary endocrine systems of a series of tumour-bearing lungs to see whether any changes in them could possibly account for raised levels of pulmonary peptides in the blood. METHODS: The morphology, number, distribution, and content of pulmonary endocrine cells in 30 pairs of tumour-bearing lungs from patients coming to necropsy with bronchial carcinoma were examined. These features were related to the pathology of the tumour and to other pathological changes present in the lungs, and compared with pulmonary endocrine cells in 10 pairs of control lungs from patients without pulmonary disease. RESULTS: Increased numbers of ...
Branhamella catarrhalis. Coloured Scanning Elect- ron Micrograph (SEM) of Branhamella catarrhalis bacteria, cause of ear and nose infections. These Gram- negative, green-coloured spherical bacteria are usually found in pairs and hence referred to as diplococci. Here they are seen alongside three red blood cells. B. catarrhalis is associated with low-grade infections of the lower respiratory tract and occasionally with acute infections of the middle ear (otitis media) in immune deficient patients. Treatment is with antibiotics. Magnification: x5,000 at 6x6cm size. - Stock Image B220/0863
Fifty strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were examined for susceptibility to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim and a combination of the two by determinating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs). All strains were susceptible to sulphamethoxazole and resistant to trimethoprim. On the basis of the MIC results it was predicted that greater synergy between sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim would be observed with approximately equal proportions of each component. The lowest FIC values were obtained with a ratio of 1:1 and the greatest synergy was observed at this ratio with 39 strains (78%). Only seven strains were most synergistically inhibited at the ratio of 20:1 (sulphamethoxazole: trimethoprim) although this ratio was still synergic for most strains. Overall the 1:20 ratio was not synergic.. ...
Kingella kingae is a member of the Neisseriaceae and is being recognized increasingly as an important cause of serious disease in children. Recent work has demonstrated that K. kingae expresses type IV pili that mediate adherence to respiratory epithelial and synovial cells and are selected against during invasive disease. In the current study, we examined the genome of K. kingae strain 269-492 and identified homologs of the rpoN and the pilS and pilR genes that are essential for pilus expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not in the pathogenic Neisseria species. The disruption of either rpoN or pilR in K. kingae resulted in a marked reduction in the level of transcript for the major pilus subunit (pilA1) and eliminated piliation. In contrast, the disruption of pilS resulted in only partial reduction in the level of pilA1 transcript and a partial decrease in piliation. Furthermore, the disruption of pilS in colony variants with high-density piliation resulted in variants with low-density ...
Differences between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are obligate human pathogens that cause distinctly different disease syndromes. They are both Gram negative diplococci, non-sporing, oxidase positive and difficult to differentiate on morphological and cultural characteristics. However, they can be differentiated on the following grounds: S.N. Character Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis 1. Commonly Called Gonococcus Meningococcus 2. …. Read more32 Differences between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae ...
Moraxella osloensis isn't a well-known bacterium outside the laboratory, but this opportunistic human pathogen has been found to cause life-threatening diseases such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, central venous catheter infection and meningitis.1 M. osloensis is also known to be an environmental isolate in pharmaceutical laboratories.. Colony Appearance: M. osloensis forms small to medium, circular, translucent colonies on non-selective media such as Sheep Blood Agar and Tryptic Soy Agar.. Microscopic Characteristics: Short, plump gram-negative rods.. Conditions for Growth: M. osloensis is aerobic and grows best at 35°C. The bacterium is Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and typically takes 24-48 hours to grow.. Habitat: M. osloensis is a natural mutualistic symbiont of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a slug-parasitic nematode. M. osloensis is transmitted into their shell cavities where the bacteria multiply and kill the slug.1 M. osloensis also inhabits the environment and is part of the normal ...
Looking for online definition of Moraxella liquefaciens in the Medical Dictionary? Moraxella liquefaciens explanation free. What is Moraxella liquefaciens? Meaning of Moraxella liquefaciens medical term. What does Moraxella liquefaciens mean?
Draxxin Injectable Solution, from Pfizer Animal Health, has received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, associated with Moraxella bovis in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle. Draxxin is available in four sizes 50, 100, 250 and 500 mL.(Circle Reply Card No. 101) Chute with extension arm Powder River's Hydraulic
TY - JOUR. T1 - Wound infection with Neisseria weaveri and a novel subspecies of pasteurella multocida in a child who sustained a tiger bite.. AU - Capitini, Christian M.. AU - Herrero, Inmaculada A.. AU - Patel, Robin. AU - Ishitani, Michael B.. AU - Boyce, Thomas G.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - A 7-year-old girl developed a wound infection as a result of a tiger bite she sustained. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the causative organisms were Neisseria weaveri and what is, to our knowledge, a previously undescribed subspecies of Pasteurella multocida, for which we propose the designation "Pasteurella multocida subspecies tigris subspecies nov.". AB - A 7-year-old girl developed a wound infection as a result of a tiger bite she sustained. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the causative organisms were Neisseria weaveri and what is, to our knowledge, a previously undescribed subspecies of Pasteurella multocida, for which we propose the designation "Pasteurella multocida subspecies tigris ...
A murine immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against outer membrane vesicles of Moraxella catarrhalis 035E was shown to bind to a surface-exposed epitope of a major outer membrane protein of this organism. This outer membrane protein, which had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 80,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, was designated CopB. MAb 10F3, reactive with CopB, bound to a majority (70%) of M. catarrhalis strains tested. More importantly, mice passively immunized with MAb 10F3 exhibited an enhanced ability to clear a bolus challenge of M. catarrhalis from their lungs, a result which suggested that CopB might have potential as a vaccine candidate. The M. catarrhalis gene encoding CopB was cloned in Escherichia coli, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the copB gene indicated that the CopB protein was synthesized with a leader peptide, a finding confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the mature CopB protein purified from M. catarrhalis ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mutant prevention concentrations of ABT-492, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against three common respiratory pathogens. AU - Hermsen, Elizabeth D.. AU - Hovde, Laurie B.. AU - Konstantinides, George N.. AU - Rotschafer, John C.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2005/4. Y1 - 2005/4. N2 - The purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of ABT-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection windows, which is the ratio of MPC/MIC, for all isolates.. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of ABT-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection ...
This article describes the first reported outbreak of invasive K kingae disease. The high incidence of colonization and invasive disease in the affected toddler 1 classroom and the indistinguishable PFGE pattern of the isolates within the outbreak child care center are consistent with child-to-child transmission, which may include direct person-to-person and/or fomite transmission.. Invasive infections in young children are frequently caused by pathogens that are carried asymptomatically in the oropharynx, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseriameningitidis; K kingae seems to behave similarly. Although K kingae is a common colonizer, it is identified only occasionally as a cause of invasive disease, primarily osteomyelitis or acute monoarticular septic arthritis (65-75% of cases) in young children, bacteremia (20-30% of cases) in infants 6 to 12 months of age, and endocarditis in all ages, especially in those with preexisting structural defects.5-25 Diskitis, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Substrate Recognition by a Colistin Resistance Enzyme from Moraxella catarrhalis. AU - Stogios, Peter J.. AU - Cox, Georgina. AU - Zubyk, Haley L.. AU - Evdokimova, Elena. AU - Wawrzak, Zdzislaw. AU - Wright, Gerard D.. AU - Savchenko, Alexei. N1 - Funding Information: We thank R. Di Leo for cloning. The structures presented were solved by the Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID, http://csgid.org); this project has been funded in whole or in part with U.S. Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract Numbers HHSN272201200026C and HHSN272201700060C. This research was supported by the Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence (ORF-RE) Grant No. RE07-048 (to G. D. Wright and A. Savchenko). This research was also supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant (FRN-148463) and by a Canada Research Chair in Antibiotic Biochemistry ...
Looking for online definition of Aquaspirillum serpens subsp. serpens in the Medical Dictionary? Aquaspirillum serpens subsp. serpens explanation free. What is Aquaspirillum serpens subsp. serpens? Meaning of Aquaspirillum serpens subsp. serpens medical term. What does Aquaspirillum serpens subsp. serpens mean?
The HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of the heart due to bacterial infection. HACEK is an abbreviation of the initials of the genera of this group of bacteria: Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter (previously Actinobacillus), Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella. The HACEK organisms are a normal part of the human microbiota, living in the oral-pharyngeal region. The bacteria were originally grouped because they were thought to be a significant cause of infective endocarditis, but recent literature has shown that they are rare and only responsible for 1.4-3% of all cases of this disease. HACEK originally referred to Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae. However, taxonomic rearrangements have changed the A to Aggregatibacter species and the H to Haemophilus species to reflect the ...
Genus Neisseria has a specie called Neisseria gonorhea or commonly called Gonococcus. It has a gram negative, kidney or bean shaped intracellular diplococcic. This is usually killed when outside of the human body. It is transmitted through sexual intercourse, with an infected partner via infected birth canal of infected mother during delivery; indirectly transmitted via contaminated hands, fomites contaminated with purulent discharges; directly also via oral sex.. Gonorrhea originated from the two Greek words: "gono" meaning semen and "rhein" which means flow. It is an acute, inflammatory and infectious disease o the mucus membrane of the genitor-urinary tracts of men and women as well as the eyes of the newborn due to N. Gonorrhoea. Its incubation period usually is 3-5 days after the contact with an infected partner. ...
The genus Bordetella comprises several bacterial species that colonize the respiratory tract of mammals. It includes B. pertussis, a human-restricted pathogen that is the causative agent of Whooping Cough. In contrast, the closely related species B. bronchiseptica colonizes a broad range of animals as well as immunocompromised humans. Recent metagenomic studies have identified known and novel bordetellae isolated from different environmental sources, providing a new perspective on their natural history. Using phylogenetic analysis, we have shown that human and animal pathogenic bordetellae have most likely evolved from ancestors that originated from soil and water. Our recent study found that B. bronchiseptica can evade amoebic predation and utilize Dictyostelium discoideum as an expansion and transmission vector, which suggests that the evolutionary pressure to evade the amoebic predator enabled the rise of bordetellae as respiratory pathogens. Interactions with amoeba may represent the starting point
Less] Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate human respiratory pathogen that encodes approximately 10 arsenic . . . [More] Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate human respiratory pathogen that encodes approximately 10 arsenic repressor (ArsR) family regulatory proteins that allow the organism to respond to a wide range of changes in its immediate microenvironment. How individual ArsR repressors have evolved to respond to selective stimuli is of intrinsic interest. The Ni(II)/Co(II)-specific repressor NmtR and related actinomycete nickel sensors harbor a conserved N-terminal α-NH(2)-Gly2-His3-Gly4 sequence. Here, we present the solution structure of homodimeric apo-NmtR and show that the core of the molecule adopts a typical winged-helix ArsR repressor (α1-α2-α3-αR-β1-β2-α5) 'open conformation' that is similar to that of the related zinc sensor Staphylococcus aureus CzrA, but harboring long, flexible N-terminal (residues 2-16) and C-terminal (residues 109-120) extensions. Binding ...
Otitis media (OM) is a pervasive illness in infants and children, and many children suffer multiple episodes during the first years of life. High rates of acute otitis media (AOM) are reported in developed and emerging countries. Early onset is common in both settings. Recurrent OM is associated with several factors, including early onset of disease, having a sibling with a history of AOM and absence of breast-feeding. Early onset disease has been hypothesized to result from Eustachian tube dysfunction, immunologic naivete and immaturity, and viral upper respiratory tract infection. Nasopharyngeal colonization with bacterial otopathogens increases the likelihood of AOM and the disease is most frequent in children with viral respiratory tract infection colonized with multiple otopathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae [NTHi], Moraxella catarrhalis), potentially as a result of inflammation resulting from competition among the bacterial species within the ...
The war being waged between gardeners and slugs and snails is a never-ending one. I have been known to obsessively go out after dark during the summer months with a torch and bucket and pick the critters off my plants, much to the amusement of my family. They are then swiftly dispatched in the lane at the end of the garden to hopefully take up home elsewhere.. Let me introduce you to the main offenders. The common garden snail (Helix aspersa) and the banded snails (Cepaea nemoralis and Cepaea hortensis) are the variety we are most likely to come across. The small, banded snails are particularly fond of my garden in Bath. Slugs come in many shapes and sizes, the common garden slug (Arion hortensis) the large black slug (Arion ater) and the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum) and the small but very agile keeled slugs (Milax species). The large black slug also can be found in an orange-brown colour, which you may also be familiar with. There are also aggregates of these species that make ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Differences between sexes in the nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis. AU - Melton, L. J.. AU - Edwards, E. A.. AU - Devine, L. F.. PY - 1977. Y1 - 1977. N2 - Nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis was investigated among male and female students sharing similar occupational and living environments at the U.S. Naval Hospital Corps School, Great Lakes, Illinois, in 1972-1973. When students beginning the study without meningococcal carriage were evaluated, meningococcal acquisition, weekly carrier prevalence, number of different serogroups carried, proportion of serogroup Y carriers, and average duration of group Y carriage were approximately equal for each sex. In this comparable group of men and women, there was no evidence of differences in meningococcal carriage associated solely with the sex of the host.. AB - Nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis was investigated among male and female students sharing similar occupational and living ...
Over a 2-year period, the safety and efficacy of a program specifically designed for transtracheal oxygen therapy were evaluated in 100 patients with chronic hypoxemia. The four clinically defined phases of the program included patient orientation, evaluation, and selection (phase I); a new needle-wire guide-dilator transtracheal procedure and stent week (phase II); transtracheal oxygen delivery with an immature tract (phase III); and transtracheal oxygen delivery with a mature tract (phase IV). Sequelae and complications were minor, and patient acceptance was high. As compared with the nasal cannula, the transtracheal catheter was associated with a significant reduction in oxygen flow requirement during both rest and exercise. Adequate oxygenation was maintained over time, and erythrocythemia was alleviated with transtracheal delivery. We conclude that transtracheal oxygenation by this method has a low, acceptable morbidity; it is more efficient than nasal cannula delivery and may be more ...
Pathogenic bacteria of the genus Neisseria have a siderophore-independent iron-uptake system reliant on a direct interaction between the bacterial cell and human transferrin (hTf), a serum protein. In the meningococcus, this uptake system is dependent on two surface-exposed, transferrin-binding proteins (Tbps), TbpA and TbpB. TbpA is highly conserved among meningococcal strains, and is thought to be a porin-like integral protein that functions as a gated channel for the passage of iron into the periplasm. TbpB is more variable in size, lipidated and fully surface-exposed. Given its location on the cell surface, its role in pathogenicity and interstrain sequence conservation, TbpA is currently being regarded for inclusion in a meningococcal vaccine effective against all serogroups. This requires gaining knowledge of the ligand-receptor interactions. In the present study we have optimized a procedure for obtaining purified, functionally active recombinant TbpA at a level and stability necessary ...
To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and resistant trends of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Guangzhou, from 1996 to 2001. The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to four antimicrobials, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin. The resistance of all strains to four antibiotics was interpreted according to criteria used in the project of surveillance of gonococcal antibiotic susceptibility in the WHO Western Pacific Region. Penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was analysed by the paper acidometric method. 793 consecutive N gonorrhoeae isolates collected in Guangzhou were studied from 1996 to 2001. A total of 55 strains of PPNG were identified and the prevalence rapidly spread from 2% to 21.8%. Of the four antibiotics examined, ceftriaxone and spectinomycin appeared to be the most effective agents although two spectinomycin resistant strains were isolated in 1996. Their MIC(50), MIC(90), ...
Zao Cream Eye Shadow in Copper is a great way to add a bronzed and shimmering look to your eyes without looking overly made up. A simple slick of this eye-shadow will create a glow that will leave you looking fresh and relaxed. The powder has a soft shimmery pearl finish that captures the light and adds texture. The organic ingredients include carnauba wax for its gliding properties, ginkgo biloba leaf extract for its moisturising and yerba mate leaf extract for its antioxidant properties. Altogether, you have a eye shadow that really looks after the delicate eye area and is easy to apply. This will also stay put all day. You can use this product as a lipstick or blush as well making it the ideal item to add to your handbag for quick touchups on the go ...
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is one of the commonest eye diseases of cattle. A specialised organism Moraxella bovis, is generally held to be responsible for the often serious damage to the cornea and the conjunctiva. Temporary blindness is common but even without treatment, most cattle eventually regain their vision. Although the disease has been recognised for more than 30 years in most cattle-farming areas of the world, only in the past 8-10 years has it become evident in New Zealand. A wide range of antibacterial products has been used for treatment but there has been very little definitive work undertaken which would form a sound basis for any schedule of medication. In view of the information lacking in this respect, it was decided to study the pharmacokinetics of an antimicrobial drug in the conjunctival sac fluid after different formulations of the drug had been administered by different routes. Penicillin was chosen as the model antibiotic because it is remarkably free of side ...
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Moraxella osloensis, gram-negative, aerobic, lactose-non-fermenting, coccoid or coccobacillus bacterium. It is part of the human flora, especially the upper respiratory tract and occasionally of the skin and urogenital tract. M. osloensis has been implicated in a variety of infections, which include: conjunctivitis, wound sepsis, vaginal discharges, meningitis, brain abscess, septicaemia, endocarditis, arthritis osteomyelitis and urethritis. M. catarrhalis is another species that is pathogenic in humans. Magnification: x4,000 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/2090
The glycosyltransferase enzymes (Lgts) responsible for the biosynthesis of the lipooligosaccharide-derived oligosaccharide structures from Moraxella catarrhalis have been investigated. This upper respiratory tract pathogen is responsible for a spectrum of illnesses, including otitis media (middle ear infection) in children, and contributes to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly patients. To investigate the function of the glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide of M. catarrhalis and to gain some insight into the mechanism of serotype specificity for this microorganism, mutant strains of M. catarrhalis were produced. Examination by NMR and MS of the oligosaccharide structures produced by double-mutant strains (2951lgt1/4? and 2951lgt5/4?) and a single-mutant strain (2951lgt2?) of the bacterium has allowed us to propose a model for the serotype-specific expression of lipooligosaccharide in M. catarrhalis. According to this ...
OBJECTIVE--To study the changes in penicillinase-producing (PPNG) and high-level tetracycline resistant (TRNG) Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Hong Kong associated with emerging quinolone resistance (QRNG) over a two year period from November 1992 to October 1994. MATERIALS AND METHODS--Four thousand and eighty-six strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated, of which 432 were PPNG, were examined for susceptibilities to penicillin and tetracycline by an agar dilution method using the breakpoint minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 and 10 mg/1 respectively. Ofloxacin susceptibility was done using 0.1 and 1 mg/l. Penicillinase production was detected by performing the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin test on all penicillin resistant (MIC , 1 mg/l) strains. RESULTS--Three thousand and eighty (75.4%) and 79 (1.9%) strains were found to be penicillin resistant and TRNG (MIC , 10 mg/l) respectively. Sixty-nine strains (1.7%) were resistant to both, of which 54 (1.3%) were PPNG. Three ...
Lentinula edodes, known as shiitake, has been utilized as food, as well as, in popular medicine, moreover, compounds isolated from its mycelium and fruiting body have shown several therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of aqueous (AqE) and ethanol (EtOHE) extracts and polysaccharide (LeP) from Lentinula edodes in the replication of poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) and bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1). The time-of-addition assay was performed at the times -2, -1, 0, 1 and 2 h of the infection. The virucidal activity and the inhibition of viral adsorption were also evaluated. Plaque assay was used to monitor antiviral activity throughout. The AqE and LeP were more effective when added at 0 h of infection, however, EtOHE was more effective at the times 1 h and 2 h of the infection. AqE, EtOHE and LeP showed low virucidal activity, and the inhibition of viral adsorption was not significant. The results allowed us to conclude that AqE, EtOHE and LeP act on the
Pharmacodynamics: Cefuroxime is a β-lactam type antibiotic. More specifically, it is a second-generation cephalosporin. Cephalosporins work the same way as penicillins: they interfere with the peptidoglycan synthesis of the bacterial wall by inhibiting the final transpeptidation needed for the cross-links. This effect is bactericidal. Cefuroxime is effective against the following organisms: Aerobic Gram-positive Microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Aerobic Gram-negative Microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains). Spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi. Cefuroxime axetil is the prodrug. ...
Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (Ciprodex) is an antibiotic/steroid combination product in a sterile suspension. Ciprodex contains the synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (0.3%), combined with the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid, dexamethasone (0.1%), in a sterile, preserved suspension for otic use. Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has shown in vitro activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dexamethasone acts as an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid. Ciprodex is indicated for use in the treatment of acute otitis media and acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) in ages 6 months and older. Ciprodex should be avoided in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones and should not be used to treat viral infections. Ciprodex is typically given twice a day in each infected ...
BACKGROUND: Relationships between airway inflammation and respiratory potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in subjects with COPD are unclear. Our aim was to evaluate mediators of airway inflammation and their association with PPMs in subjects with COPD at stable state and during exacerbations. METHODS: Sputum from 120 stable subjects with COPD was analyzed for bacteriology (colony-forming units; total 16S; and qPCR targeting Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), differential cell counts, and inflammatory mediators using the Meso-Scale Discovery Platform. Subjects were classified as colonized if any PPM was identified above the threshold of detection by qPCR. Symptoms were quantified using the visual analog scale. RESULTS: At stable state, 60% of subjects were qPCR positive for H influenzae, 48% for M catarrhalis, and 28% for S pneumoniae. Elevated sputum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and
Walsh, Fiona and Amyes, Sebastian G.B. and Duffy, Brian (2013) Challenging the concept of bacteria subsisting on antibiotics. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41. pp. 558-563. ISSN 0924-8579 Walsh, Fiona and Bracher, S. and Turner, P. and Amyes, Sebastian G.B. (2005) Epidemiological analysis of carbapenem-sensitive and -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Hospital Infection, 60 (3). pp. 240-244. ISSN 0195-6701 Walsh, Fiona and Carnegy, Francis and Willcock, Joanne and Amyes, Sebastian G.B. (2004) Comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin against macrolide-resistant and -susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53 (5). pp. 793-796. ISSN 0305-7453 Walsh, Fiona and Willcock, Joanne and Amyes, Sebastian G.B. (2003) High-level telithromycin resistance in laboratory-generated mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52 (3). pp. 345-353. ISSN 0305-7453 ...
Recent taxonomic analysis using the 16S and 23S rRNA genes have found that the order Chlamydiales contains at least four distinct groups at the family level and that within the order Chlamydiaceae are two distinct lineages. Chlamydiae also share a group-specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen and utilize host adenosine triphosphate for the synthesis of chlamydial protein. Beatty and coworkers demonstrated that the addition of 0.2 ng/ml of IFN-γ inhibited intracellular growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in HeLa cells by induction of the indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase, leading to a persistent state. The development of large aberrant reticulate body (RB) forms combined with the absence of elementary bodies (EBs) was characteristic of persistent C. trachomatis infection. C. pneumoniae is a common human respiratory pathogen, affecting all ages with a worldwide distribution. While C. pneumoniae appears to be clearly associated with asthma exacerbations, it has also been hypothesized to have a role in asthma
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a human respiratory pathogen that causes yearly global epidemics, and sporadic pandemics due to human adaptation of pathogenic strains. Efficient replication of IAV in different species is, in part, dictated by its ability to exploit the genetic environment of the host cell. To investigate IAV tropism in human cells, we evaluated the replication of IAV strains in a diverse subset of epithelial cell lines. HeLa cells were refractory to growth of human H1N1 and H3N2, and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIs) viruses. Interestingly, a human isolate of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 successfully propagated in HeLa cells to levels comparable to a human lung cell line. Heterokaryon cells generated by fusion of HeLa and permissive cells supported H1N1 growth, suggesting the absence of a host factor(s) required for replication of H1N1, but not H5N1, in HeLa cells. The absence of this factor(s) was mapped to reduced nuclear import, replication, and ...
The following thesis is a composite of two separate research projects which were undertaken by the author for the award of an MRes in Molecular and Cellular Biology within the School of Biosciences at the University of Birmingham. Part one of this thesis will detail the first research project which sought to characterise the contribution of the enzyme phospholipase B to the intercellular lifecycle employed by the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans which has the ability to survive within the phagolysosome of immune cell macrophages. This project used cell culture and microscopy techniques as well as whole cell lipidomic analysis and found that many aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans parasitism of macrophages are modified by phospholipase B activity. Part two of this details the second project which examined the predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous. This bacterium has a unique lifecycle which involves predation of other gram negative bacteria resulting in prey cell invasion and an ...
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Ultrastructurally, herpes virus particles were detected in neurons of the brain. Immunohistochemistry with antisera specific for human herpes virus types 1 and 2 resulted in viral antigen labeling in neurons, glial cells and in neuronal processes. Viral antigen was found in the rhinencephalon, cerebral cortices, hippocampus, numerous nuclei of the brain stem, single foci in the cerebellum, and in a solitary erosive lesion of the right nasal vestibulum. Viral antigen was not detected in the eyes. The virus was isolated from the CNS, and nucleic acid sequence analysis of the glycoprotein B and the DNA polymerase revealed a sequence homology with human herpes virus type 1 of 99% and 100%, respectively. The clinical signs, the distribution of the lesions and the viral antigen suggest a primary ocular infection with subsequent spread to the CNS. Chinchillas are susceptible to human herpes virus 1 and may play a role as a temporary reservoir for human infections ...